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    Chapter 7.2

    Counties where donors and voters diverge

    In 570 of 2,839 counties, or 20.1%, the reliable donors of 1980 to 2024 lean opposite to the county's 2020 presidential vote, a count that depends on the definition of divergence.

    Yazoo County, Mississippi, gave a majority of its two-party vote to the Democratic candidate for president in 2020, while the donors whose most recent recorded gift came from the county, across giving that runs from 1980 to 2024, average to the right of zero on the CFscoreCFscoreA left-right position estimated from whom a donor gives to, or from who gives to a candidate. Negative values are left and positive values are right, and a donor keeps one score across all their giving. scale (Table 7). A CFscore is a left-right score estimated from the recipients a donor gives to, where negative is left and positive is right. It is a record of giving, and the files say nothing about how any donor voted. Yazoo is one of 1616 countiesEstimandcount of countiesn16Weightsnone (full counts of counties)PopulationDemocratic-voting counties with right-leaning donors, in MississippiPeriod2020 presidential vote; donors 1980-2024SourceDIME Mississippi counties that voted Democratic in 2020 and have a right-leaning donor pool. The Democratic-voting counties in the country whose donors lean furthest right are mostly Mississippi counties, with counties in Georgia and Louisiana. Whether a county like Yazoo counts as an exception depends on two lines, an even split of the vote and a donor mean of zero, and moving either line changes how many counties cross it.

    Two unequal groups of divergent counties

    A county's donor lean is the mean CFscore of its reliable donors, the donors who gave to several distinct recipients and whose score is estimated from their own giving rather than inherited from a recipient. The chapter calls a county divergent when it voted Democratic and its donor lean is right of zero, or voted Republican and its donor lean is left of zero. Of the 2,8392,839 countiesEstimandcount of counties in the framen2,839Weightsnone (full counts of counties)Populationcounties with at least 25 reliable donors and a 2020 two-party presidential return (the county-matched donor file has no donors in Alaska or Hawaii)Period2020 presidential vote; donors 1980-2024SourceDIME counties with a large enough pool and a 2020 return, 570570 countiesEstimandcount of counties on the two off-diagonal sides of the sign rulen2,839Weightsnone (full counts of counties)Populationcounties with at least 25 reliable donors and a 2020 two-party presidential return (the county-matched donor file has no donors in Alaska or Hawaii)Period2020 presidential vote; donors 1980-2024SourceDIME, or 20.1%20.1% percent of countiesEstimandshare of counties whose donor lean and vote lean have opposite signsn2,839Weightsnone (full counts of counties)Populationcounties with at least 25 reliable donors and a 2020 two-party presidential return (the county-matched donor file has no donors in Alaska or Hawaii)Period2020 presidential vote; donors 1980-2024SourceDIME, are divergent. The two groups differ in size. 9898 countiesEstimandcount of Democratic-voting counties with a right-leaning donor pooln2,839Weightsnone (full counts of counties)Populationcounties with at least 25 reliable donors and a 2020 two-party presidential return (the county-matched donor file has no donors in Alaska or Hawaii)Period2020 presidential vote; donors 1980-2024SourceDIME counties voted Democratic and have right-leaning donors, and they cluster in the South. 472472 countiesEstimandcount of Republican-voting counties with a left-leaning donor pooln2,839Weightsnone (full counts of counties)Populationcounties with at least 25 reliable donors and a 2020 two-party presidential return (the county-matched donor file has no donors in Alaska or Hawaii)Period2020 presidential vote; donors 1980-2024SourceDIME counties voted Republican and have left-leaning donors, and they appear in every region. Divergent counties cast 16%16.0% percent of two-party votesEstimandshare of two-party votes cast in divergent countiesn2,839Weightstwo-party votes in 2020Populationcounties with at least 25 reliable donors and a 2020 two-party presidential return (the county-matched donor file has no donors in Alaska or Hawaii)Period2020 presidential vote; donors 1980-2024SourceDIME of the two-party votes, a smaller share than their share of counties.

    The count depends on the definition, and that qualification belongs beside the finding. The report repeats the count under eight definitions, which change the donor pool, the vote year, the pool floor, the neutral point of the scale or the divergence rule itself. Across them the number of divergent counties runs from 112112 countiesEstimandsmallest count of divergent counties across the eight rowsWeightsnone (full counts of counties)Populationcounties under each of the eight definitions in the definitions table (the frame differs by row)Period2020 presidential vote; donors 1980-2024SourceDIME to 1,0301,030 countiesEstimandlargest count of divergent counties across the eight rowsWeightsnone (full counts of counties)Populationcounties under each of the eight definitions in the definitions table (the frame differs by row)Period2020 presidential vote; donors 1980-2024SourceDIME (Table 10). The counts in this essay describe reliable donors with zero as the neutral point, and they are not the number of counties where donors disagree with voters in general.

    Figure 1

    Democratic-voting counties with right-leaning donors cluster in the South; Republican-voting counties with left-leaning donors are in every region

    Counties classed by whether the 2020 two-party presidential vote and the mean CFscore of the county's reliable donors lean the same way (negative CFscore is left, positive is right)

    Loading county values

    Donor lean against the 2020 vote

    No data (3,143 counties)

    Select a class to show only those places.

    Hover or tap a county for its value, or search by name. Zoom with the buttons on the map, then drag to move it.

    • Alaska draws as no data. Its election returns are reported by election district, and the district codes cannot be matched to boroughs and census areas.

    Look for the counties that are not gray. Democratic-voting counties with right-leaning donors cluster in the South, most often in Mississippi, Georgia, Texas and Alabama, and Republican-voting counties with left-leaning donors are spread through every region. Gray counties have a vote and a donor pool that lean the same way, and a county with too few reliable donors is drawn as no data. The tooltip gives each county's donor lean with its interval and the number of its reliable donors, and says whether the county clears both of the cut points that the next sections describe. Values in Table 1.

    Note: A county with too few reliable donors, and every county in Alaska and Hawaii, which have no donors in the county-matched donor file, is drawn as no data.Note: Votes are full counts. The tooltip gives a county's donor lean with a 95% interval that treats its reliable donors as independent draws, and the number of reliable donors; a county with a small pool has a wide interval.Source: DIME public version 4.0, reliable donors by most recent county, 1980-2024; county presidential returns, 2020; county demographics, 2020; full counts of records, no weights

    Donors from 1980 to 2024, a vote from 2020

    The donor records are the Stanford DIME files [1], which give each individual donor one CFscore, estimated from the recipients the donor gave to, and one most recent county. The chapter keeps the 4.7 million4.7 million donorsEstimandcount of donorsn4,717,221Weightsnone (full counts of counties)Populationreliable individual donors with a CFscore and a countyPeriod1980-2024SourceDIME donors who meet the reliable rule, and a county enters the analysis when it has at least 2525 reliable donorsEstimanddefinition of the frame (minimum pool)Weightsnone (full counts of counties)Populationcounties with at least 25 reliable donors and a 2020 two-party presidential return (the county-matched donor file has no donors in Alaska or Hawaii)Period2020 presidential vote; donors 1980-2024SourceDIME of them and a 2020 presidential return. The vote is the Democratic share of the county's two-party presidential vote in 2020, from county returns. Counts and shares of counties are full counts and carry no interval. The qualification that changes the reading is the pool itself. A county's donors span giving from 1980 to 2024 while its vote is one election, and a donor who moved is counted where the last gift came from. A county with few donors has a noisy mean. The report gives every estimate with its interval and sample size.

    Many exceptions sit close to a cut point

    Across counties, donor lean falls as the Democratic share of the vote rises. The correlationCorrelationA number from minus 1 to plus 1 for how closely two measures move together in a straight-line pattern. Zero means no straight-line pattern; a correlation does not say that one measure causes the other. is −0.85−0.85 correlation coefficientEstimandcorrelation of county Democratic share and county donor leanInterval95% CI −0.87 to −0.83n2,839Weightstwo-party votes in 2020 (county-equal in the companion fact)Populationcounties with at least 25 reliable donors and a 2020 two-party presidential return (the county-matched donor file has no donors in Alaska or Hawaii)Period2020 presidential vote; donors 1980-2024SourceDIMENoteCounty bootstrap, 2000 replicates, seed 12345. when counties are weighted by their 2020 votes and −0.67−0.67 correlation coefficientEstimandcorrelation of county Democratic share and county donor leanInterval95% CI −0.70 to −0.65n2,839Weightsnone (each county counted once)Populationcounties with at least 25 reliable donors and a 2020 two-party presidential return (the county-matched donor file has no donors in Alaska or Hawaii)Period2020 presidential vote; donors 1980-2024SourceDIMENoteCounty bootstrap, 2000 replicates, seed 12345. when each county counts once. The divergent counties are the dots in the two quadrants of Figure 2 where the measures disagree. Many of them lie close to a cut point, with a Democratic share just past an even split or a donor lean just past zero. A small shift in either line moves those counties into or out of the divergent group, which is one reason the count moves with the definition. The map's tooltip flags the counties that clear both cut points, a Democratic share of 55%55% percent Democratic, two-party voteEstimanddefinition of a map classWeightsnone (full counts of counties)Populationupper cut of the mapPeriod2020SourceCounty election returns or more with a donor lean of 0.250.25 CFscore unitsEstimanddefinition of a map classWeightsnone (full counts of counties)Populationcut of the map on either side of zeroPeriod2020 presidential vote; donors 1980-2024SourceDIME or more, or the mirror image on the Republican side. They number 112112 countiesEstimandcount of counties in the two corner classes of the mapn2,839Weightsnone (full counts of counties)Populationcounties with at least 25 reliable donors and a 2020 two-party presidential return (the county-matched donor file has no donors in Alaska or Hawaii)Period2020 presidential vote; donors 1980-2024SourceDIME.

    Zero is where the CFscore scale changes sign, and it is not the middle of the data. Reliable donors average −0.274−0.274 CFscore units (negative is left)Estimandmean CFscore, each donor counted onceInterval95% CI −0.275 to −0.273n4,717,221Weightsnone (full counts of counties)Populationreliable donors in the donor filePeriod1980-2024SourceDIMENoteDonors are administrative records, so the interval treats them as independent draws. on the scale, so the pool as a whole leans left, while the average county has a donor lean right of zero, because the counties with the most donors lean left. A straight line fitted through the county dots crosses zero at a Democratic share below an even split. A county at an even split of the vote is therefore expected to have donors a little left of zero. With zero as the neutral point the Republican-voting group is the larger of the two. With the mean of all reliable donors as the neutral point the order reverses, and a county called left-leaning here can sit to the right of the average donor.

    Figure 2

    Donor lean falls as the Democratic share of the vote rises, and the divergent counties lie in the two quadrants where the two measures disagree

    Mean CFscore of reliable donors against the Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote, one dot per county (n = 2,839 counties), 2020 vote

    • Vote and donors lean the same way
    • Democratic vote, right-leaning donors
    • Republican vote, left-leaning donors
    • Dot area: Two-party votes, 2020420,0001,500,0004,200,000
    Show data
    Data for Donor lean falls as the Democratic share of the vote rises, and the divergent counties lie in the two quadrants where the two measures disagree
    CountyDemocratic share (%)Donor lean (mean CFscore)Donor lean, 95% interval, lowDonor lean, 95% interval, highTwo-party votesReliable donorsGroup
    Autauga, AL27.4+0.680+0.54+0.8227,341223Vote and donors lean the same way
    Baldwin, AL22.7+0.364+0.31+0.42108,1221,914Vote and donors lean the same way
    Barbour, AL46.1+0.441+0.24+0.6410,438100Vote and donors lean the same way
    Bibb, AL20.9+0.700+0.43+0.979,51147Vote and donors lean the same way
    Blount, AL9.7+0.468+0.29+0.6427,351158Vote and donors lean the same way
    Bullock, AL75.0+0.369+0.04+0.694,59240Democratic vote, right-leaning donors
    Butler, AL42.1+0.759+0.53+0.989,42361Vote and donors lean the same way
    Calhoun, AL30.2+0.462+0.37+0.5550,317522Vote and donors lean the same way
    Chambers, AL42.1+0.485+0.25+0.7215,11883Vote and donors lean the same way
    Cherokee, AL13.3+0.572+0.37+0.7812,207121Vote and donors lean the same way
    Chilton, AL16.0+0.650+0.45+0.8519,158112Vote and donors lean the same way
    Clarke, AL44.0+0.584+0.35+0.8213,07966Vote and donors lean the same way
    Clay, AL18.4+0.740+0.50+0.986,86851Vote and donors lean the same way
    Cleburne, AL9.4+0.852+0.54+1.167,15935Vote and donors lean the same way
    Coffee, AL23.1+0.690+0.57+0.8221,975258Vote and donors lean the same way
    Colbert, AL30.3+0.335+0.20+0.4727,546259Vote and donors lean the same way
    Conecuh, AL46.3+0.734+0.41+1.066,40832Vote and donors lean the same way
    Coosa, AL33.1+0.357−0.07+0.785,42727Vote and donors lean the same way
    Covington, AL15.7+0.421+0.24+0.6117,307140Vote and donors lean the same way
    Crenshaw, AL25.9+0.425+0.07+0.786,56431Vote and donors lean the same way
    Cullman, AL10.8+0.516+0.40+0.6341,358355Vote and donors lean the same way
    Dale, AL26.5+0.590+0.43+0.7519,473184Vote and donors lean the same way
    Dallas, AL68.9+0.209+0.03+0.3917,754138Democratic vote, right-leaning donors
    DeKalb, AL14.7+0.385+0.25+0.5229,048243Vote and donors lean the same way
    Elmore, AL25.6+0.557+0.44+0.6840,531344Vote and donors lean the same way
    Escambia, AL31.2+0.895+0.75+1.0415,787120Vote and donors lean the same way
    Etowah, AL24.6+0.381+0.28+0.4847,095475Vote and donors lean the same way
    Fayette, AL16.0+0.727+0.46+0.998,69547Vote and donors lean the same way
    Franklin, AL16.7+0.546+0.34+0.7512,46288Vote and donors lean the same way
    Geneva, AL12.8+0.967+0.76+1.1812,44368Vote and donors lean the same way
    Greene, AL81.6+0.066−0.29+0.424,75929Democratic vote, right-leaning donors
    Hale, AL59.5+0.792+0.49+1.097,87735Democratic vote, right-leaning donors
    Henry, AL28.3+0.755+0.47+1.049,21353Vote and donors lean the same way
    Houston, AL28.4+0.697+0.61+0.7845,535592Vote and donors lean the same way
    Jackson, AL15.9+0.341+0.16+0.5223,387166Vote and donors lean the same way
    Jefferson, AL56.7+0.060+0.03+0.09320,5316,805Democratic vote, right-leaning donors
    Lamar, AL13.7+0.656+0.36+0.967,15242Vote and donors lean the same way
    Lauderdale, AL27.3+0.219+0.13+0.3143,636574Vote and donors lean the same way
    Lawrence, AL22.4+0.357+0.10+0.6115,88478Vote and donors lean the same way
    Lee, AL39.8+0.137+0.07+0.2070,0811,117Vote and donors lean the same way
    Limestone, AL28.3+0.348+0.24+0.4548,312490Vote and donors lean the same way
    Lowndes, AL73.0+0.581+0.22+0.946,80832Democratic vote, right-leaning donors
    Macon, AL82.2−0.281−0.49−0.078,64990Vote and donors lean the same way
    Madison, AL45.9+0.137+0.10+0.17190,0664,343Vote and donors lean the same way
    Marengo, AL50.7+0.433+0.17+0.7010,83164Democratic vote, right-leaning donors
    Marion, AL10.7+0.541+0.37+0.7113,668119Vote and donors lean the same way
    Marshall, AL15.2+0.619+0.52+0.7239,134433Vote and donors lean the same way
    Mobile, AL44.0+0.429+0.39+0.47180,7172,624Vote and donors lean the same way
    Monroe, AL42.0+0.713+0.47+0.9610,60251Vote and donors lean the same way
    Montgomery, AL66.0+0.312+0.27+0.3597,8402,364Democratic vote, right-leaning donors
    Morgan, AL25.0+0.442+0.36+0.5352,898653Vote and donors lean the same way
    Pickens, AL41.8+0.589+0.34+0.849,61654Vote and donors lean the same way
    Pike, AL41.2+0.653+0.50+0.8113,678145Vote and donors lean the same way
    Randolph, AL20.5+0.591+0.32+0.8710,76258Vote and donors lean the same way
    Russell, AL53.2−0.042−0.23+0.1421,092143Vote and donors lean the same way
    St. Clair, AL17.6+0.481+0.35+0.6143,910309Vote and donors lean the same way
    Shelby, AL29.4+0.373+0.32+0.43112,9681,769Vote and donors lean the same way
    Sumter, AL74.4+0.470+0.19+0.756,24656Democratic vote, right-leaning donors
    Talladega, AL37.1+0.472+0.35+0.6035,373277Vote and donors lean the same way
    Tallapoosa, AL28.1+0.527+0.37+0.6820,822179Vote and donors lean the same way
    Tuscaloosa, AL42.5+0.137+0.08+0.2088,8821,319Vote and donors lean the same way
    Walker, AL15.7+0.659+0.55+0.7730,836265Vote and donors lean the same way
    Washington, AL25.6+0.546+0.19+0.908,82236Vote and donors lean the same way
    Wilcox, AL68.8+0.643+0.34+0.955,88136Democratic vote, right-leaning donors
    Winston, AL8.7+0.666+0.44+0.8911,16979Vote and donors lean the same way
    Apache, AZ67.1+0.003−0.15+0.1634,735245Democratic vote, right-leaning donors
    Cochise, AZ40.0−0.097−0.15−0.0459,2891,742Republican vote, left-leaning donors
    Coconino, AZ62.3−0.528−0.56−0.4971,7502,490Vote and donors lean the same way
    Gila, AZ32.7+0.207+0.11+0.3027,320610Vote and donors lean the same way
    Graham, AZ27.3+0.370+0.19+0.5514,783166Vote and donors lean the same way
    Greenlee, AZ32.7+0.005−0.34+0.353,61547Vote and donors lean the same way
    La Paz, AZ30.4+0.640+0.43+0.857,365120Vote and donors lean the same way
    Maricopa, AZ51.1−0.112−0.12−0.102,036,43960,280Vote and donors lean the same way
    Mohave, AZ24.0+0.447+0.39+0.50103,3661,858Vote and donors lean the same way
    Navajo, AZ45.8+0.232+0.14+0.3251,040729Vote and donors lean the same way
    Pima, AZ59.5−0.427−0.44−0.41512,73923,180Vote and donors lean the same way
    Pinal, AZ41.2−0.069−0.11−0.03182,1833,495Republican vote, left-leaning donors
    Santa Cruz, AZ68.0−0.435−0.52−0.3519,332550Vote and donors lean the same way
    Yavapai, AZ35.1−0.070−0.10−0.04141,1295,698Republican vote, left-leaning donors
    Yuma, AZ46.9+0.357+0.29+0.4368,7441,150Vote and donors lean the same way
    Arkansas, AR29.7+0.309+0.18+0.446,122129Vote and donors lean the same way
    Ashley, AR27.7+0.631+0.44+0.837,67378Vote and donors lean the same way
    Baxter, AR22.6+0.355+0.24+0.4720,471365Vote and donors lean the same way
    Benton, AR36.4+0.144+0.10+0.19116,2142,249Vote and donors lean the same way
    Boone, AR18.3+0.382+0.25+0.5216,716226Vote and donors lean the same way
    Bradley, AR34.2+0.305+0.09+0.523,54953Vote and donors lean the same way
    Carroll, AR35.1−0.496−0.60−0.3911,447327Republican vote, left-leaning donors
    Chicot, AR56.3+0.532+0.31+0.754,01255Democratic vote, right-leaning donors
    Clark, AR42.7−0.062−0.19+0.068,054194Republican vote, left-leaning donors
    Clay, AR19.1+0.206−0.03+0.445,04855Vote and donors lean the same way
    Cleburne, AR16.1+0.530+0.39+0.6712,316206Vote and donors lean the same way
    Cleveland, AR18.5+0.745+0.49+1.003,51834Vote and donors lean the same way
    Columbia, AR33.8+0.553+0.42+0.698,314163Vote and donors lean the same way
    Conway, AR31.5+0.284+0.10+0.478,309123Vote and donors lean the same way
    Craighead, AR31.8+0.254+0.18+0.3337,479729Vote and donors lean the same way
    Crawford, AR21.0+0.366+0.22+0.5123,566222Vote and donors lean the same way
    Crittenden, AR53.7+0.298+0.15+0.4415,847204Democratic vote, right-leaning donors
    Cross, AR26.4+0.092−0.06+0.246,718125Vote and donors lean the same way
    Desha, AR51.2+0.270+0.08+0.463,93761Democratic vote, right-leaning donors
    Drew, AR35.8+0.426+0.23+0.636,77595Vote and donors lean the same way
    Faulkner, AR34.8+0.105+0.04+0.1752,768860Vote and donors lean the same way
    Franklin, AR18.6+0.355+0.11+0.606,97770Vote and donors lean the same way
    Fulton, AR20.7+0.3310.00+0.664,99649Vote and donors lean the same way
    Garland, AR32.6+0.085+0.02+0.1543,1141,070Vote and donors lean the same way
    Grant, AR15.7+0.292+0.05+0.538,06281Vote and donors lean the same way
    Greene, AR19.4+0.290+0.16+0.4215,728201Vote and donors lean the same way
    Hempstead, AR32.4+0.477+0.27+0.696,60872Vote and donors lean the same way
    Hot Spring, AR25.1+0.262+0.06+0.4712,284116Vote and donors lean the same way
    Howard, AR28.5+0.155−0.10+0.414,70755Vote and donors lean the same way
    Independence, AR20.0+0.221+0.10+0.3414,056252Vote and donors lean the same way
    Izard, AR18.1+0.189−0.08+0.465,65258Vote and donors lean the same way
    Jackson, AR27.5+0.181+0.02+0.354,95893Vote and donors lean the same way
    Jefferson, AR61.1+0.163+0.07+0.2524,502388Democratic vote, right-leaning donors
    Johnson, AR24.8+0.077−0.15+0.309,22193Vote and donors lean the same way
    Lafayette, AR32.3+0.576+0.24+0.912,59626Vote and donors lean the same way
    Lawrence, AR19.1+0.620+0.37+0.875,64950Vote and donors lean the same way
    Lee, AR52.5+0.409+0.20+0.622,70941Democratic vote, right-leaning donors
    Little River, AR24.8+0.536+0.15+0.924,94131Vote and donors lean the same way
    Logan, AR19.3+0.330+0.10+0.567,98578Vote and donors lean the same way
    Lonoke, AR22.6+0.404+0.30+0.5129,570366Vote and donors lean the same way
    Madison, AR21.6+0.046−0.22+0.327,22166Vote and donors lean the same way
    Marion, AR20.9+0.175−0.04+0.397,314115Vote and donors lean the same way
    Miller, AR26.3+0.414+0.26+0.5616,165174Vote and donors lean the same way
    Mississippi, AR38.5+0.358+0.23+0.4911,854168Vote and donors lean the same way
    Monroe, AR42.6+0.596+0.31+0.882,69235Vote and donors lean the same way
    Montgomery, AR19.4−0.025−0.46+0.413,77727Republican vote, left-leaning donors
    Nevada, AR33.5−0.148−0.43+0.133,20932Republican vote, left-leaning donors
    Newton, AR18.2−0.475−0.76−0.193,90147Republican vote, left-leaning donors
    Ouachita, AR43.0+0.482+0.31+0.669,289131Vote and donors lean the same way
    Perry, AR22.5+0.252−0.09+0.604,49138Vote and donors lean the same way
    Phillips, AR60.0−0.002−0.17+0.166,040101Vote and donors lean the same way
    Pike, AR15.5+0.292−0.08+0.674,16332Vote and donors lean the same way
    Poinsett, AR19.4+0.341+0.14+0.547,34280Vote and donors lean the same way
    Polk, AR15.0+0.324+0.10+0.558,28199Vote and donors lean the same way
    Pope, AR24.2+0.320+0.21+0.4323,853387Vote and donors lean the same way
    Prairie, AR19.0+0.3010.00+0.613,44038Vote and donors lean the same way
    Pulaski, AR61.5−0.163−0.19−0.14165,6346,188Vote and donors lean the same way
    Randolph, AR18.5+0.174−0.07+0.426,57066Vote and donors lean the same way
    St. Francis, AR52.6+0.051−0.12+0.236,846101Democratic vote, right-leaning donors
    Saline, AR28.9+0.318+0.23+0.4155,616707Vote and donors lean the same way
    Searcy, AR14.9+0.434+0.06+0.813,95334Vote and donors lean the same way
    Sebastian, AR31.7+0.359+0.29+0.4345,685795Vote and donors lean the same way
    Sevier, AR22.3+0.219−0.07+0.515,00051Vote and donors lean the same way
    Sharp, AR19.1+0.318+0.08+0.567,33682Vote and donors lean the same way
    Stone, AR20.4−0.072−0.31+0.165,79686Republican vote, left-leaning donors
    Union, AR34.8+0.616+0.53+0.7116,062328Vote and donors lean the same way
    Van Buren, AR20.9+0.008−0.22+0.247,62796Vote and donors lean the same way
    Washington, AR48.0−0.346−0.39−0.3191,3282,238Republican vote, left-leaning donors
    White, AR19.8+0.410+0.31+0.5130,160392Vote and donors lean the same way
    Woodruff, AR35.7+0.129−0.14+0.402,39936Vote and donors lean the same way
    Yell, AR19.7+0.370+0.12+0.616,51067Vote and donors lean the same way
    Alameda, CA81.9−0.840−0.85−0.83753,96839,788Vote and donors lean the same way
    Alpine, CA66.1−0.565−0.86−0.2772037Vote and donors lean the same way
    Amador, CA37.5−0.183−0.27−0.0921,738601Republican vote, left-leaning donors
    Butte, CA50.9−0.425−0.46−0.3999,1563,195Vote and donors lean the same way
    Calaveras, CA37.8−0.346−0.42−0.2726,564752Republican vote, left-leaning donors
    Colusa, CA41.5+0.603+0.46+0.757,788191Vote and donors lean the same way
    Contra Costa, CA73.1−0.706−0.71−0.70569,26332,404Vote and donors lean the same way
    Del Norte, CA42.0−0.404−0.52−0.2811,138296Republican vote, left-leaning donors
    El Dorado, CA45.5−0.318−0.35−0.28113,4593,482Republican vote, left-leaning donors
    Fresno, CA54.0−0.054−0.08−0.03357,4896,335Vote and donors lean the same way
    Glenn, CA36.1+0.410+0.26+0.5611,058222Vote and donors lean the same way
    Humboldt, CA67.3−0.733−0.76−0.7066,5382,877Vote and donors lean the same way
    Imperial, CA62.5+0.191+0.10+0.2855,525619Democratic vote, right-leaning donors
    Inyo, CA50.1−0.354−0.46−0.249,254367Vote and donors lean the same way
    Kern, CA44.8+0.166+0.13+0.20297,8504,703Vote and donors lean the same way
    Kings, CA43.7+0.363+0.27+0.4642,771557Vote and donors lean the same way
    Lake, CA53.2−0.516−0.58−0.4528,064886Vote and donors lean the same way
    Lassen, CA23.8+0.236+0.06+0.4111,769190Vote and donors lean the same way
    Los Angeles, CA72.6−0.592−0.60−0.594,174,415163,108Vote and donors lean the same way
    Madera, CA44.1+0.063−0.01+0.1352,5461,085Vote and donors lean the same way
    Marin, CA83.9−0.808−0.82−0.80152,90017,069Vote and donors lean the same way
    Mariposa, CA40.7−0.366−0.48−0.2510,038342Republican vote, left-leaning donors
    Mendocino, CA68.4−0.787−0.82−0.7642,0492,280Vote and donors lean the same way
    Merced, CA55.4+0.0560.00+0.1288,3881,336Democratic vote, right-leaning donors
    Modoc, CA27.0−0.146−0.39+0.104,25987Republican vote, left-leaning donors
    Mono, CA61.5−0.672−0.78−0.576,526246Vote and donors lean the same way
    Monterey, CA71.1−0.507−0.53−0.48160,2526,087Vote and donors lean the same way
    Napa, CA70.7−0.604−0.63−0.5870,4933,603Vote and donors lean the same way
    Nevada, CA57.6−0.640−0.67−0.6163,1383,193Vote and donors lean the same way
    Orange, CA54.6−0.158−0.17−0.151,490,50745,983Vote and donors lean the same way
    Placer, CA46.6−0.292−0.32−0.27229,3576,860Republican vote, left-leaning donors
    Plumas, CA41.4−0.339−0.45−0.2311,006365Republican vote, left-leaning donors
    Riverside, CA54.1−0.289−0.30−0.27976,64721,059Vote and donors lean the same way
    Sacramento, CA63.0−0.518−0.53−0.51700,21321,776Vote and donors lean the same way
    San Benito, CA62.5−0.327−0.42−0.2428,218570Vote and donors lean the same way
    San Bernardino, CA55.4−0.093−0.11−0.07822,11612,800Vote and donors lean the same way
    San Diego, CA61.6−0.356−0.36−0.351,564,74454,884Vote and donors lean the same way
    San Francisco, CA87.0−0.866−0.87−0.86434,57345,868Vote and donors lean the same way
    San Joaquin, CA57.1−0.110−0.14−0.08282,2354,837Vote and donors lean the same way
    San Luis Obispo, CA56.7−0.497−0.52−0.47155,7467,100Vote and donors lean the same way
    San Mateo, CA79.4−0.680−0.69−0.67366,97324,189Vote and donors lean the same way
    Santa Barbara, CA66.4−0.523−0.54−0.50195,6999,410Vote and donors lean the same way
    Santa Clara, CA74.2−0.659−0.67−0.65832,57939,175Vote and donors lean the same way
    Santa Cruz, CA80.9−0.829−0.84−0.82141,1839,842Vote and donors lean the same way
    Shasta, CA33.0−0.025−0.08+0.0390,7892,004Republican vote, left-leaning donors
    Sierra, CA39.0−0.589−0.83−0.351,87259Republican vote, left-leaning donors
    Siskiyou, CA41.9−0.376−0.45−0.3022,883748Republican vote, left-leaning donors
    Solano, CA65.5−0.543−0.57−0.52200,9455,487Vote and donors lean the same way
    Sonoma, CA76.4−0.802−0.81−0.79261,76316,125Vote and donors lean the same way
    Stanislaus, CA50.4−0.094−0.13−0.06209,9863,633Vote and donors lean the same way
    Sutter, CA41.6+0.353+0.28+0.4341,742761Vote and donors lean the same way
    Tehama, CA31.8+0.127+0.02+0.2328,052471Vote and donors lean the same way
    Trinity, CA47.2−0.558−0.70−0.416,039161Republican vote, left-leaning donors
    Tulare, CA46.0+0.283+0.24+0.33143,6842,372Vote and donors lean the same way
    Tuolumne, CA40.4−0.327−0.40−0.2529,667904Republican vote, left-leaning donors
    Ventura, CA60.8−0.369−0.39−0.35413,59513,838Vote and donors lean the same way
    Yolo, CA71.2−0.707−0.73−0.6994,8905,165Vote and donors lean the same way
    Yuba, CA38.9−0.024−0.13+0.0828,906444Republican vote, left-leaning donors
    Adams, CO58.4−0.280−0.31−0.25229,8594,579Vote and donors lean the same way
    Alamosa, CO49.6−0.256−0.39−0.127,572218Republican vote, left-leaning donors
    Arapahoe, CO62.7−0.143−0.16−0.12340,93012,669Vote and donors lean the same way
    Archuleta, CO41.9−0.133−0.25−0.028,927390Republican vote, left-leaning donors
    Baca, CO14.5+0.857+0.56+1.152,18435Vote and donors lean the same way
    Bent, CO32.8+0.177−0.16+0.512,23544Vote and donors lean the same way
    Boulder, CO78.9−0.722−0.73−0.71201,59016,281Vote and donors lean the same way
    Broomfield, CO64.1−0.389−0.44−0.3345,3721,328Vote and donors lean the same way
    Chaffee, CO53.5−0.429−0.51−0.3513,382588Vote and donors lean the same way
    Clear Creek, CO56.7−0.287−0.41−0.166,358280Vote and donors lean the same way
    Conejos, CO46.1−0.252−0.47−0.034,24573Republican vote, left-leaning donors
    Costilla, CO63.9−0.388−0.65−0.132,05254Vote and donors lean the same way
    Crowley, CO25.6+0.546+0.16+0.931,70834Vote and donors lean the same way
    Custer, CO31.0−0.008−0.20+0.183,586150Republican vote, left-leaning donors
    Delta, CO31.0−0.167−0.26−0.0818,968623Republican vote, left-leaning donors
    Denver, CO81.4−0.617−0.63−0.61384,91123,946Vote and donors lean the same way
    Dolores, CO23.8−0.301−0.66+0.061,43034Republican vote, left-leaning donors
    Douglas, CO46.3+0.009−0.02+0.04225,9236,476Vote and donors lean the same way
    Eagle, CO65.3−0.381−0.43−0.3328,4801,278Vote and donors lean the same way
    Elbert, CO24.2+0.468+0.35+0.5918,517384Vote and donors lean the same way
    El Paso, CO44.4+0.075+0.05+0.10364,7699,653Vote and donors lean the same way
    Fremont, CO29.6+0.012−0.09+0.1124,886547Vote and donors lean the same way
    Garfield, CO51.2−0.297−0.35−0.2430,1441,288Vote and donors lean the same way
    Gilpin, CO54.8−0.415−0.57−0.264,056162Vote and donors lean the same way
    Grand, CO49.1−0.170−0.29−0.059,593321Republican vote, left-leaning donors
    Gunnison, CO65.6−0.516−0.60−0.4310,867450Vote and donors lean the same way
    Hinsdale, CO41.9−0.526−0.87−0.1860828Republican vote, left-leaning donors
    Huerfano, CO48.5−0.318−0.49−0.154,279152Republican vote, left-leaning donors
    Jefferson, CO59.5−0.256−0.27−0.24366,81315,446Vote and donors lean the same way
    Kit Carson, CO17.4+0.885+0.69+1.083,80693Vote and donors lean the same way
    Lake, CO60.6−0.395−0.60−0.193,80096Vote and donors lean the same way
    La Plata, CO59.1−0.451−0.49−0.4134,7811,929Vote and donors lean the same way
    Larimer, CO58.0−0.393−0.41−0.37217,6098,555Vote and donors lean the same way
    Las Animas, CO44.9−0.059−0.23+0.117,781178Republican vote, left-leaning donors
    Lincoln, CO18.0+0.797+0.53+1.062,60559Vote and donors lean the same way
    Logan, CO21.5+0.716+0.58+0.8610,305214Vote and donors lean the same way
    Mesa, CO35.7+0.103+0.06+0.1488,4302,839Vote and donors lean the same way
    Mineral, CO42.6−0.297−0.70+0.1174429Republican vote, left-leaning donors
    Moffat, CO17.5+0.549+0.35+0.746,873123Vote and donors lean the same way
    Montezuma, CO38.5−0.171−0.27−0.0715,142512Republican vote, left-leaning donors
    Montrose, CO31.4+0.061−0.02+0.1424,457733Vote and donors lean the same way
    Morgan, CO28.8+0.367+0.20+0.5313,469198Vote and donors lean the same way
    Otero, CO38.5+0.364+0.17+0.569,361136Vote and donors lean the same way
    Ouray, CO60.0−0.439−0.56−0.323,942279Vote and donors lean the same way
    Park, CO41.2−0.178−0.31−0.0411,894281Republican vote, left-leaning donors
    Phillips, CO19.9+0.995+0.77+1.222,44457Vote and donors lean the same way
    Pitkin, CO76.4−0.479−0.53−0.4311,7691,134Vote and donors lean the same way
    Prowers, CO26.7+0.456+0.23+0.685,46698Vote and donors lean the same way
    Pueblo, CO50.9−0.090−0.13−0.0486,0242,174Vote and donors lean the same way
    Rio Blanco, CO15.5+0.518+0.23+0.803,62263Vote and donors lean the same way
    Rio Grande, CO40.5+0.218+0.03+0.416,155140Vote and donors lean the same way
    Routt, CO64.1−0.390−0.46−0.3216,507824Vote and donors lean the same way
    Saguache, CO57.1−0.539−0.68−0.393,297161Vote and donors lean the same way
    San Miguel, CO77.5−0.701−0.77−0.635,060380Vote and donors lean the same way
    Sedgwick, CO21.2+0.615+0.19+1.041,42226Vote and donors lean the same way
    Summit, CO70.4−0.455−0.52−0.3917,953818Vote and donors lean the same way
    Teller, CO32.0+0.032−0.08+0.1416,519454Vote and donors lean the same way
    Washington, CO12.4+1.023+0.79+1.262,96452Vote and donors lean the same way
    Weld, CO40.7+0.127+0.09+0.17162,2053,242Vote and donors lean the same way
    Yuma, CO16.0+0.768+0.62+0.924,892160Vote and donors lean the same way
    Fairfield, CT63.8−0.250−0.26−0.24466,54430,979Vote and donors lean the same way
    Hartford, CT64.1−0.301−0.31−0.29442,39220,961Vote and donors lean the same way
    Litchfield, CT47.4−0.317−0.34−0.29105,7655,480Republican vote, left-leaning donors
    Middlesex, CT58.3−0.305−0.33−0.2897,5135,051Vote and donors lean the same way
    New Haven, CT58.8−0.365−0.38−0.35412,52117,560Vote and donors lean the same way
    New London, CT58.2−0.291−0.31−0.27136,5696,270Vote and donors lean the same way
    Tolland, CT55.8−0.308−0.34−0.2878,8253,558Vote and donors lean the same way
    Windham, CT47.8−0.344−0.38−0.3055,8422,010Republican vote, left-leaning donors
    Kent, DE52.1−0.135−0.18−0.0985,5611,752Vote and donors lean the same way
    New Castle, DE68.8−0.434−0.45−0.42283,39810,135Vote and donors lean the same way
    Sussex, DE44.3−0.304−0.33−0.27127,9124,390Republican vote, left-leaning donors
    District of Columbia, DC94.5−0.721−0.73−0.72335,90941,702Vote and donors lean the same way
    Alachua, FL63.8−0.423−0.44−0.40140,6766,112Vote and donors lean the same way
    Baker, FL14.6+0.526+0.38+0.6713,948170Vote and donors lean the same way
    Bay, FL27.9+0.438+0.39+0.4891,7112,078Vote and donors lean the same way
    Bradford, FL23.4+0.307+0.13+0.4913,494142Vote and donors lean the same way
    Brevard, FL41.7+0.070+0.05+0.09356,4328,999Vote and donors lean the same way
    Broward, FL65.0−0.270−0.28−0.26952,16125,659Vote and donors lean the same way
    Calhoun, FL18.6+0.478+0.26+0.706,48369Vote and donors lean the same way
    Charlotte, FL36.6+0.151+0.11+0.19115,5163,209Vote and donors lean the same way
    Citrus, FL29.3+0.124+0.07+0.1892,4441,865Vote and donors lean the same way
    Clay, FL31.2+0.221+0.17+0.27122,7972,128Vote and donors lean the same way
    Collier, FL37.6+0.267+0.24+0.29206,5718,751Vote and donors lean the same way
    Columbia, FL27.2+0.343+0.25+0.4332,750513Vote and donors lean the same way
    DeSoto, FL33.9+0.402+0.25+0.5612,572185Vote and donors lean the same way
    Dixie, FL16.8+0.442+0.24+0.658,12493Vote and donors lean the same way
    Duval, FL51.9+0.069+0.05+0.09486,31810,369Democratic vote, right-leaning donors
    Escambia, FL42.3+0.203+0.17+0.24167,6033,450Vote and donors lean the same way
    Flagler, FL39.5−0.017−0.07+0.0471,2041,769Republican vote, left-leaning donors
    Franklin, FL31.2−0.284−0.42−0.146,795183Republican vote, left-leaning donors
    Gadsden, FL68.4−0.013−0.11+0.0823,618483Vote and donors lean the same way
    Gilchrist, FL17.7+0.239+0.05+0.439,595119Vote and donors lean the same way
    Glades, FL26.8+0.373+0.19+0.565,167101Vote and donors lean the same way
    Gulf, FL24.5+0.463+0.29+0.648,098135Vote and donors lean the same way
    Hamilton, FL34.0+0.446+0.20+0.705,77866Vote and donors lean the same way
    Hardee, FL27.3+0.714+0.59+0.848,420164Vote and donors lean the same way
    Hendry, FL38.4+0.509+0.41+0.6012,835306Vote and donors lean the same way
    Hernando, FL34.8+0.124+0.07+0.18107,9311,858Vote and donors lean the same way
    Highlands, FL32.7+0.321+0.25+0.3951,811967Vote and donors lean the same way
    Hillsborough, FL53.5−0.074−0.09−0.06703,76518,101Vote and donors lean the same way
    Holmes, FL10.3+0.746+0.50+0.999,00458Vote and donors lean the same way
    Indian River, FL39.1+0.246+0.21+0.2896,7163,511Vote and donors lean the same way
    Jackson, FL30.4+0.352+0.24+0.4622,254322Vote and donors lean the same way
    Jefferson, FL46.5+0.070−0.06+0.208,376227Vote and donors lean the same way
    Lafayette, FL14.0+0.374+0.14+0.613,63856Vote and donors lean the same way
    Lake, FL39.9+0.099+0.06+0.13209,3644,216Vote and donors lean the same way
    Lee, FL40.3+0.109+0.09+0.13390,94210,970Vote and donors lean the same way
    Leon, FL64.3−0.193−0.21−0.18160,9708,772Vote and donors lean the same way
    Levy, FL27.0+0.152+0.04+0.2622,954370Vote and donors lean the same way
    Liberty, FL19.6+0.541+0.27+0.813,54037Vote and donors lean the same way
    Madison, FL40.2+0.170−0.01+0.359,323114Vote and donors lean the same way
    Manatee, FL41.9−0.049−0.08−0.02215,1536,414Republican vote, left-leaning donors
    Marion, FL36.9+0.143+0.11+0.18202,6844,176Vote and donors lean the same way
    Martin, FL37.6+0.185+0.15+0.2298,0613,874Vote and donors lean the same way
    Miami-Dade, FL53.7−0.211−0.22−0.201,150,69732,297Vote and donors lean the same way
    Monroe, FL46.0−0.146−0.19−0.1047,5742,331Republican vote, left-leaning donors
    Nassau, FL26.8+0.165+0.11+0.2258,1301,562Vote and donors lean the same way
    Okaloosa, FL30.0+0.471+0.43+0.52114,0462,325Vote and donors lean the same way
    Okeechobee, FL27.7+0.428+0.29+0.5615,860213Vote and donors lean the same way
    Orange, FL61.7−0.112−0.13−0.10640,41215,210Vote and donors lean the same way
    Osceola, FL57.0−0.081−0.13−0.03170,7771,721Vote and donors lean the same way
    Palm Beach, FL56.4−0.138−0.15−0.13768,28330,149Vote and donors lean the same way
    Pasco, FL39.9+0.041+0.01+0.07298,6944,933Vote and donors lean the same way
    Pinellas, FL50.1−0.165−0.18−0.15553,65917,100Vote and donors lean the same way
    Polk, FL42.7+0.222+0.19+0.25339,6355,874Vote and donors lean the same way
    Putnam, FL29.2+0.128+0.04+0.2136,041655Vote and donors lean the same way
    St. Johns, FL36.5+0.118+0.09+0.15174,7964,993Vote and donors lean the same way
    St. Lucie, FL49.2−0.028−0.07+0.01170,9683,325Republican vote, left-leaning donors
    Santa Rosa, FL26.3+0.347+0.29+0.40104,9971,659Vote and donors lean the same way
    Sarasota, FL44.7−0.192−0.21−0.17268,48012,109Republican vote, left-leaning donors
    Seminole, FL51.4−0.005−0.03+0.02257,7695,947Vote and donors lean the same way
    Sumter, FL31.9+0.149+0.10+0.1992,1022,913Vote and donors lean the same way
    Suwannee, FL21.5+0.319+0.20+0.4420,895308Vote and donors lean the same way
    Taylor, FL22.9+0.363+0.20+0.5310,050151Vote and donors lean the same way
    Union, FL17.0+0.485+0.23+0.746,18651Vote and donors lean the same way
    Volusia, FL42.9+0.030+0.01+0.05304,3967,428Vote and donors lean the same way
    Wakulla, FL29.4−0.147−0.27−0.0318,225269Republican vote, left-leaning donors
    Walton, FL23.9+0.292+0.22+0.3643,285993Vote and donors lean the same way
    Washington, FL19.2+0.529+0.39+0.6712,223173Vote and donors lean the same way
    Appling, GA21.4+1.015+0.81+1.228,35460Vote and donors lean the same way
    Atkinson, GA26.4+0.801+0.42+1.183,12526Vote and donors lean the same way
    Bacon, GA13.5+0.679+0.40+0.964,64244Vote and donors lean the same way
    Baldwin, GA50.7+0.295+0.17+0.4218,043304Democratic vote, right-leaning donors
    Banks, GA10.7+0.418+0.04+0.808,72747Vote and donors lean the same way
    Barrow, GA28.1+0.447+0.31+0.5837,257316Vote and donors lean the same way
    Bartow, GA24.3+0.503+0.40+0.6049,763515Vote and donors lean the same way
    Ben Hill, GA36.8+0.468+0.21+0.726,50469Vote and donors lean the same way
    Berrien, GA16.5+0.901+0.68+1.127,68866Vote and donors lean the same way
    Bibb, GA62.0+0.229+0.18+0.2869,9671,508Democratic vote, right-leaning donors
    Bleckley, GA23.3+0.430+0.09+0.775,64142Vote and donors lean the same way
    Brantley, GA9.1+0.250−0.10+0.607,69339Vote and donors lean the same way
    Brooks, GA39.6+0.718+0.48+0.967,05275Vote and donors lean the same way
    Bryan, GA32.1+0.295+0.15+0.4420,978268Vote and donors lean the same way
    Bulloch, GA38.0+0.347+0.25+0.4429,635482Vote and donors lean the same way
    Burke, GA49.1+0.818+0.58+1.0510,60869Vote and donors lean the same way
    Butts, GA28.0+0.868+0.68+1.0611,680104Vote and donors lean the same way
    Camden, GA34.3+0.303+0.18+0.4323,216330Vote and donors lean the same way
    Candler, GA28.8+0.353+0.12+0.594,40291Vote and donors lean the same way
    Carroll, GA30.2+0.397+0.31+0.4853,712696Vote and donors lean the same way
    Catoosa, GA21.6+0.313+0.17+0.4632,099264Vote and donors lean the same way
    Charlton, GA24.4+0.423+0.14+0.714,52455Vote and donors lean the same way
    Chatham, GA59.5−0.017−0.05+0.02131,4793,489Vote and donors lean the same way
    Chattooga, GA18.7+0.322+0.03+0.619,91859Vote and donors lean the same way
    Cherokee, GA30.0+0.207+0.16+0.26142,3642,404Vote and donors lean the same way
    Clarke, GA71.4−0.431−0.47−0.3950,5052,075Vote and donors lean the same way
    Clayton, GA85.8−0.408−0.47−0.35111,2771,006Vote and donors lean the same way
    Clinch, GA26.1+0.783+0.53+1.042,84944Vote and donors lean the same way
    Cobb, GA57.3−0.002−0.03+0.02387,2839,997Vote and donors lean the same way
    Coffee, GA29.9+0.705+0.57+0.8415,089182Vote and donors lean the same way
    Colquitt, GA26.2+0.942+0.85+1.0415,967240Vote and donors lean the same way
    Columbia, GA36.9+0.332+0.26+0.4079,2451,093Vote and donors lean the same way
    Cook, GA29.6+0.836+0.61+1.066,95959Vote and donors lean the same way
    Coweta, GA32.0+0.272+0.19+0.3575,7111,010Vote and donors lean the same way
    Crawford, GA26.7+0.840+0.56+1.126,04342Vote and donors lean the same way
    Crisp, GA37.4+0.759+0.60+0.927,967118Vote and donors lean the same way
    Dade, GA17.2+0.486+0.23+0.747,32786Vote and donors lean the same way
    Dawson, GA15.7+0.544+0.36+0.7215,884162Vote and donors lean the same way
    Decatur, GA41.4+0.636+0.47+0.8011,537124Vote and donors lean the same way
    DeKalb, GA84.1−0.672−0.69−0.66366,53912,992Vote and donors lean the same way
    Dodge, GA27.1+0.681+0.48+0.888,01579Vote and donors lean the same way
    Dooly, GA47.0+0.611+0.35+0.874,07044Vote and donors lean the same way
    Dougherty, GA70.2+0.364+0.28+0.4535,009504Democratic vote, right-leaning donors
    Douglas, GA62.7−0.042−0.12+0.0468,268835Vote and donors lean the same way
    Early, GA47.5+0.634+0.32+0.955,16033Vote and donors lean the same way
    Effingham, GA24.8+0.411+0.25+0.5731,079220Vote and donors lean the same way
    Elbert, GA31.6+0.369+0.16+0.589,105108Vote and donors lean the same way
    Emanuel, GA30.6+0.529+0.31+0.759,43985Vote and donors lean the same way
    Evans, GA31.4+0.712+0.45+0.984,21250Vote and donors lean the same way
    Fannin, GA17.4+0.1460.00+0.2914,739288Vote and donors lean the same way
    Fayette, GA46.6+0.001−0.06+0.0671,0181,629Vote and donors lean the same way
    Floyd, GA29.2+0.419+0.33+0.5040,823703Vote and donors lean the same way
    Forsyth, GA33.1+0.281+0.23+0.33127,3312,008Vote and donors lean the same way
    Franklin, GA14.9+0.628+0.39+0.8610,66284Vote and donors lean the same way
    Fulton, GA73.5−0.264−0.28−0.25517,45923,387Vote and donors lean the same way
    Gilmer, GA17.9+0.259+0.11+0.4016,361278Vote and donors lean the same way
    Glynn, GA38.3+0.220+0.15+0.2941,4991,112Vote and donors lean the same way
    Gordon, GA18.4+0.631+0.49+0.7723,789264Vote and donors lean the same way
    Grady, GA34.0+0.452+0.23+0.6810,65390Vote and donors lean the same way
    Greene, GA36.6+0.638+0.49+0.7911,153195Vote and donors lean the same way
    Gwinnett, GA59.3−0.099−0.13−0.07408,3946,263Vote and donors lean the same way
    Habersham, GA17.6+0.360+0.23+0.4920,199296Vote and donors lean the same way
    Hall, GA28.1+0.481+0.42+0.5489,2161,599Vote and donors lean the same way
    Hancock, GA72.1−0.129−0.53+0.274,13032Vote and donors lean the same way
    Haralson, GA12.7+0.851+0.65+1.0514,121126Vote and donors lean the same way
    Harris, GA27.6+0.407+0.27+0.5519,776272Vote and donors lean the same way
    Hart, GA25.0+0.642+0.48+0.8012,622167Vote and donors lean the same way
    Heard, GA15.4+0.764+0.33+1.205,34327Vote and donors lean the same way
    Henry, GA60.3−0.158−0.22−0.10121,7021,450Vote and donors lean the same way
    Houston, GA43.7+0.442+0.37+0.5173,7791,040Vote and donors lean the same way
    Irwin, GA24.3+0.964+0.75+1.184,14246Vote and donors lean the same way
    Jackson, GA20.6+0.386+0.28+0.5037,144460Vote and donors lean the same way
    Jasper, GA23.2+0.697+0.44+0.957,58367Vote and donors lean the same way
    Jeff Davis, GA18.0+0.571+0.17+0.975,72329Vote and donors lean the same way
    Jefferson, GA53.4+0.538+0.23+0.847,59547Democratic vote, right-leaning donors
    Jenkins, GA36.9+0.967+0.65+1.283,42725Vote and donors lean the same way
    Jones, GA32.9+0.316+0.12+0.5114,822136Vote and donors lean the same way
    Lamar, GA29.3+0.266+0.02+0.518,95196Vote and donors lean the same way
    Lanier, GA28.9+0.3070.00+0.613,52837Vote and donors lean the same way
    Laurens, GA35.8+0.670+0.55+0.7922,567274Vote and donors lean the same way
    Lee, GA27.5+0.552+0.37+0.7416,565130Vote and donors lean the same way
    Liberty, GA62.2−0.023−0.16+0.1221,063230Vote and donors lean the same way
    Lincoln, GA31.1+0.570+0.17+0.974,60534Vote and donors lean the same way
    Long, GA36.6−0.332−0.72+0.055,56229Republican vote, left-leaning donors
    Lowndes, GA43.9+0.417+0.32+0.5145,808565Vote and donors lean the same way
    Lumpkin, GA20.4−0.050−0.19+0.0915,289266Republican vote, left-leaning donors
    McDuffie, GA40.3+0.679+0.47+0.8810,337100Vote and donors lean the same way
    McIntosh, GA39.4+0.122−0.12+0.376,62890Vote and donors lean the same way
    Macon, GA61.6+0.760+0.45+1.074,64140Democratic vote, right-leaning donors
    Madison, GA23.1+0.092−0.13+0.3114,737119Vote and donors lean the same way
    Meriwether, GA39.7+0.555+0.27+0.8410,81173Vote and donors lean the same way
    Mitchell, GA44.7+0.720+0.55+0.898,92899Vote and donors lean the same way
    Monroe, GA28.4+0.417+0.26+0.5815,442176Vote and donors lean the same way
    Montgomery, GA24.9+0.893+0.66+1.133,94044Vote and donors lean the same way
    Morgan, GA28.9+0.372+0.21+0.5311,584195Vote and donors lean the same way
    Murray, GA15.1+0.465+0.21+0.7215,24582Vote and donors lean the same way
    Muscogee, GA62.2+0.156+0.10+0.2179,5531,535Democratic vote, right-leaning donors
    Newton, GA55.5+0.081−0.02+0.1853,658526Democratic vote, right-leaning donors
    Oconee, GA33.0+0.016−0.07+0.1024,757686Vote and donors lean the same way
    Oglethorpe, GA30.4−0.147−0.41+0.118,03177Republican vote, left-leaning donors
    Paulding, GA35.3+0.186+0.10+0.2784,212798Vote and donors lean the same way
    Peach, GA47.7+0.333+0.16+0.5012,428186Vote and donors lean the same way
    Pickens, GA16.7+0.305+0.16+0.4516,934285Vote and donors lean the same way
    Pierce, GA12.2+0.836+0.66+1.028,99891Vote and donors lean the same way
    Pike, GA14.2+0.601+0.34+0.8610,63285Vote and donors lean the same way
    Polk, GA21.2+0.611+0.42+0.8017,244136Vote and donors lean the same way
    Pulaski, GA30.4+0.739+0.49+0.994,04553Vote and donors lean the same way
    Putnam, GA29.4+0.608+0.46+0.7511,739223Vote and donors lean the same way
    Rabun, GA21.0+0.041−0.12+0.209,458200Vote and donors lean the same way
    Richmond, GA68.8+0.211+0.15+0.2785,8991,340Democratic vote, right-leaning donors
    Rockdale, GA70.6−0.295−0.40−0.1944,251477Vote and donors lean the same way
    Screven, GA40.5+0.750+0.51+0.996,57664Vote and donors lean the same way
    Seminole, GA32.5+0.540+0.19+0.893,86934Vote and donors lean the same way
    Spalding, GA39.5+0.345+0.21+0.4829,932331Vote and donors lean the same way
    Stephens, GA20.3+0.716+0.53+0.9011,753115Vote and donors lean the same way
    Sumter, GA52.4+0.295+0.14+0.4512,047183Democratic vote, right-leaning donors
    Talbot, GA60.3+0.082−0.33+0.493,50631Democratic vote, right-leaning donors
    Tattnall, GA25.4+0.881+0.71+1.058,11682Vote and donors lean the same way
    Taylor, GA36.4+0.567+0.26+0.873,80829Vote and donors lean the same way
    Telfair, GA34.5+0.674+0.32+1.024,31329Vote and donors lean the same way
    Terrell, GA54.2+0.656+0.37+0.944,38042Democratic vote, right-leaning donors
    Thomas, GA40.2+0.598+0.50+0.7021,677402Vote and donors lean the same way
    Tift, GA33.0+0.834+0.74+0.9216,102319Vote and donors lean the same way
    Toombs, GA27.2+0.758+0.63+0.8810,811186Vote and donors lean the same way
    Towns, GA19.5+0.241+0.07+0.427,934183Vote and donors lean the same way
    Troup, GA39.0+0.537+0.42+0.6629,719324Vote and donors lean the same way
    Turner, GA37.5+0.496+0.17+0.823,75839Vote and donors lean the same way
    Twiggs, GA46.3+0.551+0.21+0.904,41426Vote and donors lean the same way
    Union, GA18.1+0.120−0.02+0.2615,450271Vote and donors lean the same way
    Upson, GA32.8+0.586+0.37+0.8012,809102Vote and donors lean the same way
    Walker, GA19.9+0.435+0.29+0.5828,943265Vote and donors lean the same way
    Walton, GA25.1+0.524+0.41+0.6350,522481Vote and donors lean the same way
    Ware, GA29.6+0.631+0.51+0.7514,072231Vote and donors lean the same way
    Washington, GA50.4+0.677+0.49+0.869,411117Democratic vote, right-leaning donors
    Wayne, GA21.2+0.674+0.50+0.8512,675127Vote and donors lean the same way
    White, GA16.5+0.145−0.01+0.3014,633232Vote and donors lean the same way
    Whitfield, GA29.4+0.494+0.40+0.5936,324474Vote and donors lean the same way
    Wilcox, GA26.4+0.962+0.64+1.283,26325Vote and donors lean the same way
    Wilkes, GA43.3+0.409+0.18+0.644,98394Vote and donors lean the same way
    Wilkinson, GA43.8+0.297−0.06+0.654,73937Vote and donors lean the same way
    Worth, GA26.0+0.880+0.70+1.069,22599Vote and donors lean the same way
    Ada, ID48.0−0.214−0.24−0.19251,2387,720Republican vote, left-leaning donors
    Adams, ID23.3+0.221−0.10+0.552,53256Vote and donors lean the same way
    Bannock, ID38.6−0.238−0.32−0.1638,013720Republican vote, left-leaning donors
    Bear Lake, ID10.7+0.746+0.39+1.103,26436Vote and donors lean the same way
    Benewah, ID20.1+0.209−0.06+0.474,85580Vote and donors lean the same way
    Bingham, ID21.2+0.483+0.32+0.6519,419187Vote and donors lean the same way
    Blaine, ID68.9−0.475−0.53−0.4212,9501,017Vote and donors lean the same way
    Boise, ID25.7+0.125−0.10+0.354,689110Vote and donors lean the same way
    Bonner, ID31.1−0.076−0.16+0.0126,679758Republican vote, left-leaning donors
    Bonneville, ID27.4+0.152+0.08+0.2252,059955Vote and donors lean the same way
    Boundary, ID19.8+0.304+0.10+0.516,157134Vote and donors lean the same way

    Showing the first 500 of 2839 rows.

    Dots run from the upper left to the lower right, and the divergent counties are the ones in the upper right and lower left quadrants, many of them near the quadrant rules. The dashed line is a least-squares fit through all counties, counting each county once, and it crosses zero at a Democratic share below an even split. The line with whiskers is the mean donor lean of counties grouped by Democratic share, with its intervals. Dot area is the county's two-party votes in 2020, and the labeled counties include Yazoo and Sunflower in Mississippi. Values in Table 2.

    Note: Votes are full counts. The data table gives each county's 95% interval for its donor lean, which treats its reliable donors as independent draws; the tooltip gives n, the number of reliable donors, and a county with a small pool has a noisy donor lean. The intervals on the binned means are 95% intervals across the counties in each bin.Source: DIME public version 4.0, reliable donors by most recent county, 1980-2024; county presidential returns, 2020; county demographics, 2020; donors are not weighted, and county values, binned means and the fitted line count each county once

    A pattern across counties with large Black populations

    Figure 3 sorts the counties on each side of the vote by the Black share of their residents. Among Democratic-voting counties at least 30%30% percent of residents, non-Hispanic BlackEstimanddefinition of a groupWeightsnone (full counts of counties)Populationcounties grouped as at least 30% BlackPeriod2020SourceCounty demographics panel Black, 59%58.7% percent of countiesEstimandshare with a right-leaning donor pooln126Weightsnone (full counts of counties)PopulationDemocratic-voting counties in that frame with a Black share, a college share and a median income, at least 30% BlackPeriod2020 presidential vote; donors 1980-2024SourceDIME have right-leaning donors, against 7%6.5% percent of countiesEstimandshare with a right-leaning donor pooln372Weightsnone (full counts of counties)PopulationDemocratic-voting counties in that frame with a Black share, a college share and a median income, under 30% BlackPeriod2020 presidential vote; donors 1980-2024SourceDIME of the other Democratic-voting counties. Pools are smaller in these counties, and a small pool gives a noisy mean, but the gap between the two groups of counties remains when small pools are dropped (Table 4). It also appears within every cohort of donors grouped by the election cycle of their first gift (Table 11). The pattern is one across counties. Of the 1010 countiesEstimandsize of the group comparedWeightsnone (full counts of counties)PopulationDemocratic-voting counties in that frame with a Black share, a college share and a median income, at least 30% Black, the ones with the most two-party votesPeriod2020 presidential vote; donors 1980-2024SourceDIME Democratic-voting counties at that Black share with the most voters, all but Jefferson County in Alabama have donors left of zero. Philadelphia, Prince George's County in Maryland and Fulton County in Georgia are among them. DIME records no donor's race, income or vote, so these results say that donor leans differ between counties with different Black shares, and they cannot say who the donors in those counties are.

    The Republican-voting exceptions are the less Republican counties. Their median county gave a larger share of its vote to the Democratic candidate than the median Republican-voting county with right-leaning donors did. Their share of Republican-voting counties is highest in the Northeast and lowest in the South (Table 9). Divergence on the two sides also moves with the size of the pool, in opposite directions. Among Democratic-voting counties the share with right-leaning donors falls as pools grow, and among Republican-voting counties the share with left-leaning donors rises (Table 8). Noise in small pools moves some counties across the line and leaves most divergent counties divergent.

    Figure 3

    Right-leaning donors are more common in Democratic-voting counties that are at least 30% Black: 58.7% of them, against 6.5% of the rest

    Share of counties whose donor pool leans opposite to the vote, by non-Hispanic Black share of residents, for Democratic-voting and Republican-voting counties, 2020 vote

    • Democratic-voting counties
    • Republican-voting counties
    Show data
    Data for Right-leaning donors are more common in Democratic-voting counties that are at least 30% Black: 58.7% of them, against 6.5% of the rest
    Black share of residentsVoteDivergent counties (% of counties voting that way)Divergent countiesCounties
    Under 5% BlackDemocratic-voting counties6.914202
    5 to 15% BlackDemocratic-voting counties2.83108
    15 to 30% BlackDemocratic-voting counties11.3762
    30 to 50% BlackDemocratic-voting counties43.92557
    50% or more BlackDemocratic-voting counties71.04969
    Under 5% BlackRepublican-voting counties23.43721,593
    5 to 15% BlackRepublican-voting counties20.681393
    15 to 30% BlackRepublican-voting counties5.612214
    30 to 50% BlackRepublican-voting counties3.85131

    Among Democratic-voting counties, drawn in color, the share with right-leaning donors stays low in the bands below the cut used here and is higher above it. Among Republican-voting counties, in gray, the share with left-leaning donors is highest in the counties with a low Black share and falls as the share rises. Each bar is the percentage of counties on that side of the vote, in that band of Black share, whose reliable donors lean the other way. A band with too few counties on a side is left out. Values in Table 3.

    Note: The counties of Connecticut, which have no Black share in the demographic file, are left out.Note: Each bar is the share of the counties in the analysis in that band, so it carries no sampling interval; the tooltip gives the number of counties.Source: DIME public version 4.0, reliable donors by most recent county, 1980-2024; county presidential returns, 2020; county demographics, 2020; full counts of records, no weights

    What these records cannot tell you

    A county's donor lean describes the donors in the county and not any resident, and a pattern across counties can differ from the pattern among people, the problem known as ecological inferenceEcological inferenceDrawing a conclusion about individuals from data on groups or places, such as counties. A pattern across counties can differ from the pattern among the people who live in them. [2]. The files do not say which candidates a donor gave to, so a donor who gives to Republican candidates cannot be told from one who gives to moderate Democrats. The divergence rule pivots on the sign of a mean at zero, which is not the middle of the county distribution, and the counts change when the reliable-donor rule is relaxed. The chapter leaves out donor dollars and tests no mechanism, so whether a county's donor lean reflects who can give or who is asked cannot be separated with county means. How the scores of the donor pool are distributed over time is the subject of Chapter 7.1, The ideology of the donor pool.


    Go deeper

    • The report: every estimate with its interval and sample size.
    • Tables: every figure of the report as a table.

    Reading paths that include this chapter:

    Data sources

    • DIMEStanford DIME public version 4.0, reliable individual donors by most recent county, 1980-2024Years: 1979-2024 (23 election cycles) · Weights: none (administrative records); counties counted once or weighted by 2020 two-party votes · License: ODC-BY 1.0, as listed on the Stanford Libraries page (read through a search result, not the license text).
    • County election returnsCounty presidential returns, 2020 and 2024 (repaired 1868-2024 file)Years: President 1868-2024 (40 elections); House and Senate 1990-2024 · Weights: none (full counts); two-party votes as weights in the vote-weighted estimates · License: The Heideman file is CC BY 4.0 (doi:10.5281/zenodo.22976553), but the state records behind it keep their own terms, and the sites of Florida, Indiana, Colorado and Wisconsin restrict reuse.
    • County demographics panelCounty demographics panel, 2020 row (decennial population, ACS-based shares interpolated between 2020 and 2024)Years: 2000-2024 (election years, interpolated between census and survey anchors) · Weights: none (full counts and interpolated estimates) · License: US government source data, public domain. The interpolated panel is derived work.

    All data sources

    References

    1. Bonica, Adam (2014). Mapping the Ideological Marketplace. American Journal of Political Science 58(2): 367-386. doi:10.1111/ajps.12062
    2. Robinson, W. S. (1950). Ecological Correlations and the Behavior of Individuals. American Sociological Review 15(3): 351-357. doi:10.2307/2087176

    How to cite

    @misc{singh2026countieswheredonorsandvotersdiverge,
      author = {Singh, Vishal},
      title = {Counties where donors and voters diverge},
      year = {2026},
      url = {https://vishalsingh.org/politics/counties-where-donors-and-voters-diverge},
      note = {In The Public Mind. Published 30 September 2026.}
    }