Non-placement on the left-right scale

Planned This chapter has not been written. It is listed so the book shows its full scope.

The question

Who declines to place themselves on the left-right scale, and where?

The data

• European Social SurveyYears: 2002-2023 (rounds 1 to 11; round 11 was fielded in 2023 and 2024)
• World Values Survey and EVSYears: 1981-2023 (7 unified waves)

esswvs

The scope

Countries Estimates are made among respondents within each country and then compared across countries, so results describe countries, not the people in them.

The chapter sits in Part VII, What left and right mean, ideology, values and religion. Its unit of analysis is countries. See how the book treats evidence.