Chapter 6.4 · Two clocks of a life · Report

Well-being across the life span

In Gallup interviews from 2009 to 2017, life evaluation averaged 6.84 at ages 45 to 54 and 7.38 at ages 75 to 94, and the lowest point of the unadjusted profile by year of age falls at age 54.

Author: Vishal Singh
Affiliation: NYU Stern
Published: 9 October 2026

Every estimate of the chapter with its interval and every figure as a table, generated from the chapter's data files. Table n of this report is figure n of the chapter. The same report as Markdown: report.md.

Identification

Title

Well-being across the life span

Label

Two clocks of a life

Chapter

6.4 (Part VI, Environment, connection and well-being; An American life)

Question

How do life evaluation and daily emotions change with age, and does the pattern differ between richer and poorer places?

Dek

In Gallup interviews from 2009 to 2017, life evaluation averaged 6.84 at ages 45 to 54 and 7.38 at ages 75 to 94, and the lowest point of the unadjusted profile by year of age falls at age 54.

Grain

individuals

Status

published

Published

9 October 2026

Updated

not revised

Data sources

Gallup U.S. Daily Poll. Gallup U.S. Daily tracking poll, 2008-2017: Cantril ladder score (2009-2017), feelings yesterday, age, household income, sex, marital status, education and self-rated health; aggregates only; years: 2008-2017; weights: none (unweighted)
Area Deprivation Index. Area Deprivation Index 2023, national rank, tract ranks averaged to counties and joined to the county of each interview (2008-2017); years: 2023 release (version 4.0.1; built on ACS 2019-2023); weights: 2019-2023 tract population
American Community Survey. ACS 2019-2023 tract population, the weight for averaging tract deprivation ranks to counties; years: 2019-2023 (5-year); weights: 2019-2023 tract population

Canonical URL

https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/well-being-across-the-life-span

Markdown

https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/well-being-across-the-life-span/report.md

BibTeX

@misc{singh2026wellbeingacrossthelifespan,
  author = {Singh, Vishal},
  title = {Well-being across the life span},
  year = {2026},
  url = {https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/well-being-across-the-life-span},
  note = {In ZIP Code Destiny. Published 9 October 2026.}
}

Principal estimates

The facts the dek and the opening prose cite, in order of appearance. Every fact is in the table of all estimates below.

Estimand	Population	Period	Value	Interval	n	Weights	Source	Fact id
unweighted mean of the 0 to 10 ladder score, interval clustered by the respondent's county	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 45 to 54)	interviews in 2009 to 2017	6.84	95% CI 6.82 to 6.86	380,027 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll	ladder_45_54
definition used in this chapter, not an estimate	an age group of adults defined in this chapter	ladder interviews in 2009 to 2017 and feelings interviews in 2008 to 2017	45 to 54			none (definition)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll	band_4554
unweighted mean of the 0 to 10 ladder score, interval clustered by the respondent's county	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 75 to 94)	interviews in 2009 to 2017	7.38	95% CI 7.37 to 7.39	289,487 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll	ladder_75_94
definition used in this chapter, not an estimate	an age group of adults defined in this chapter	ladder interviews in 2009 to 2017 and feelings interviews in 2008 to 2017	75 to 94			none (definition)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll	band_7594
age of the lowest point of the five-year moving average of the mean ladder score by year of age (ages 20 to 92 searched, refined between whole years by a parabola through the lowest point and its neighbours), interval from a bootstrap over counties	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known	interviews in 2009 to 2017	54	95% CI 51 to 54	2,180,433 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll	ladder_turn
unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 25 to 34), stress	interviews in 2008 to 2017	48.6%	95% CI 48.3% to 48.9%	269,066 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll	stress_2534
definition used in this chapter, not an estimate	an age group of adults defined in this chapter	ladder interviews in 2009 to 2017 and feelings interviews in 2008 to 2017	25 to 34			none (definition)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll	band_2534
unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 75 to 94), stress	interviews in 2008 to 2017	18.0%	95% CI 17.8% to 18.2%	342,420 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll	stress_7594
definition used in this chapter, not an estimate (Gallup's harmonized brackets, not adjusted for inflation)	the upper limit of the lowest household income group	interviews in 2009 to 2014	$36,000			none (definition)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll	inc_cut_low
definition used in this chapter, not an estimate (Gallup's harmonized brackets, not adjusted for inflation)	the lower limit of the highest household income group	interviews in 2009 to 2014	$90,000			none (definition)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll	inc_cut_high
definition used in this chapter, not an estimate	an age group of adults defined in this chapter	ladder interviews in 2009 to 2017 and feelings interviews in 2008 to 2017	35 to 44			none (definition)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll	band_3544
age of the lowest point of the five-year moving average of the mean ladder score by year of age (ages 20 to 92 searched, refined between whole years by a parabola through the lowest point and its neighbours), interval from a bootstrap over counties	adults with a ladder score, sex, marital status, education and household income	interviews in 2009 to 2014	54	95% CI 51 to 55	1,355,746 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll	turn_cc_raw
age of the lowest point of the five-year moving average of the mean ladder score by year of age (ages 20 to 92 searched, refined between whole years by a parabola through the lowest point and its neighbours), interval from a bootstrap over counties	adults with a ladder score, sex, marital status, education and household income	interviews in 2009 to 2014	48	95% CI 48 to 54	1,355,746 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll	turn_all5
age at which a quadratic in age fitted to the ladder score turns, interval from a bootstrap over counties	adults with a ladder score, sex, marital status, education and household income	interviews in 2009 to 2014	44	95% CI 44 to 45	1,355,746 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll	quad_raw

Findings

In Gallup interviews from 2009 to 2017, adults rated their lives 6.84 (95% CI 6.82 to 6.86) on average at ages 45 to 54 and 7.38 (95% CI 7.37 to 7.39) at ages 75 to 94, on the Cantril ladder, which runs from the worst possible life to the best possible one. The lowest point of the profile by year of age falls at age 54 (95% CI 51 to 54). Daily feelings follow other schedules. On the day before the interview, 48.6% of adults aged 25 to 34 reported stress for a lot of the day, against 18.0% of those aged 75 to 94.

These profiles compare people of different ages interviewed in the same years. A person aged 75 to 94 in these data was born earlier than a person aged 45 to 54, so a difference between them reflects age and birth cohort together, the cohort being the group of people born in the same years, and the oldest interviewees are also the survivors of their cohort. None of the profiles is the path of one person's life.

Two results qualify the shape of the ladder profile. The midlife fall is much larger in households with annual income under $36,000 than in households of $90,000 or more, where the ladder is level from ages 25 to 34 to ages 35 to 44 and falls only modestly afterward (Table 4). The age of the lowest point also depends on what is held fixed. It is 54 (95% CI 51 to 55) in the raw profile of interviews with household income, 48 (95% CI 48 to 54) after adjusting for sex, marital status, education, household income and survey year, and 44 (95% CI 44 to 45) in a quadratic fit (Table 5).

What the poll can compare

The file holds 3,457,670 interviews of adults aged 18 to 94 with a known county, in 3,142 counties, 2,180,433 of them with a usable ladder score. The extract does not top-code age, and the cells at the oldest ages are smaller, so their intervals are wider. Gallup's extract has no survey weights, so every estimate here is unweighted and its levels can differ from the weighted figures Gallup publishes. Intervals are clustered by the respondent's county, which is derived from the ZIP code. The poll drew a new sample every day, so it is a repeated cross-section and not a panel, and no respondent is followed from one year to the next.

The ladder asks respondents to rate their present life as a whole. The feelings are yes or no answers about whether the respondent had a feeling for a lot of the day before the interview: enjoyment, happiness, worry, stress, sadness, anger and physical pain. The two kinds of measure are never combined into an index. The ladder, enjoyment, worry, stress and physical pain were asked in 2008 to 2017, happiness and sadness in 2008 to 2016, and anger in 2008 to 2013 and 2016. From 2013 each item was asked of 49% of interviews, and the ladder reached 85% of interviews in 2009.

The ladder of 2008 is left out of every estimate. In 2008 Gallup asked political questions before the ladder, which lowered the ladder scores, and it removed them for part of the sample in January 2009 and added a transition question in April 2009.[1] The 2008 ladder averaged 6.69 (95% CI 6.68 to 6.71), against 7.03 (95% CI 7.02 to 7.04) in 2009, and the difference is between 0.29 (95% CI 0.26 to 0.32) and 0.38 (95% CI 0.35 to 0.41) ladder points in every age band. The extract has no interview month, so early 2009 interviews may carry part of the same artifact, and the 2009 ladder is kept with that caveat. The feelings keep 2008, because the question order affected them less. The largest difference between their 2008 and 2009 levels is −1.6 (95% CI −1.8 to −1.3) points, for worry, which was lower in 2008 and not higher.

The ladder is lowest in midlife and highest in old age

Table 1 plots the mean ladder score for each year of age. The score falls from 7.25 (95% CI 7.23 to 7.28) at age 18 to 6.93 (95% CI 6.91 to 6.96) at age 25 and changes little from ages 25 to 34 to ages 35 to 44. It falls again to its lowest five-year average at age 54 (95% CI 51 to 54) and then rises to its highest values among the oldest adults.

By age band the mean is 6.84 (95% CI 6.82 to 6.86) at ages 45 to 54, a change of −0.15 (95% CI −0.16 to −0.13) ladder points from the mean of 6.99 (95% CI 6.97 to 7.00) at ages 25 to 34. At ages 75 to 94 it is 7.38 (95% CI 7.37 to 7.39), a change of +0.54 (95% CI 0.53 to 0.55) from midlife. The rise from midlife to old age is larger than the fall into midlife.

Table 1. Mean life evaluation falls from 7.03 among adults 18 to 24 to 6.84 among adults 45 to 54 and is 7.38 among adults 75 to 94

Stone and colleagues found the same shape in the 2008 Gallup-Healthways survey, and Blanchflower and Oswald and later Blanchflower report a low in middle age across many countries.[2][3][4] The profile here is a wave more than a parabola. It begins high at age 18, with a mean of 7.03 (95% CI 7.02 to 7.05) at ages 18 to 24, and drops to a first low among young adults. It then flattens, falls to the lowest point around age 54 and climbs to a higher level than any it had before. Frijters and Beatton describe a similar wave in the raw profiles of three household panels.[5]

Daily feelings follow other schedules

Table 2 shows the seven feelings. Enjoyment and happiness reach their lowest points in midlife, at ages 52 (95% CI 52 to 53) and 54 (95% CI 54 to 56), close to the ladder's lowest point. They differ from the ladder at the other end, where the ladder is higher at ages 75 to 94 than at ages 18 to 24.

Enjoyment is 88.3% (95% CI 88.1% to 88.6%) at ages 18 to 24, 82.6% (95% CI 82.4% to 82.8%) at ages 45 to 54 and 88.5% (95% CI 88.3% to 88.7%) at ages 75 to 94, back at its youngest level. Happiness goes from 91.9% (95% CI 91.7% to 92.1%) to 86.6% (95% CI 86.4% to 86.8%) and 90.0% (95% CI 89.8% to 90.2%), staying below its youngest level.

The negative experiences do not share that shape. Stress is highest in early adulthood, at age 26 (95% CI 25 to 33). It is 48.6% (95% CI 48.3% to 48.9%) at ages 25 to 34, 44.6% (95% CI 44.3% to 44.8%) at ages 45 to 54 and 18.0% (95% CI 17.8% to 18.2%) at ages 75 to 94.

Worry peaks in midlife, at age 48 (95% CI 47 to 49), with 35.4% (95% CI 35.2% to 35.7%) of adults at ages 45 to 54 and 18.6% (95% CI 18.4% to 18.8%) at ages 75 to 94. Anger falls from the youngest ages, from 16.5% (95% CI 16.3% to 16.8%) to 6.2% (95% CI 6.0% to 6.3%).

Sadness moves in a narrow range, 14.9% (95% CI 14.6% to 15.2%) at ages 25 to 34, 18.6% (95% CI 18.3% to 18.8%) at ages 45 to 54 and 16.1% (95% CI 15.9% to 16.3%) at ages 75 to 94, and peaks near age 55 (95% CI 55 to 55).

Physical pain rises from 15.5% at ages 18 to 24 to 28.5% at ages 55 to 64 and stays near that level afterward. It peaks near age 60 (95% CI 58 to 61) and is 26.4% (95% CI 26.2% to 26.6%) at ages 75 to 94.

Table 2. Stress, worry and anger are lower among older adults, enjoyment and happiness are lowest in midlife, and physical pain peaks near age 60

The contrast is therefore between two groups of measures. The ladder, enjoyment and happiness reach their lowest points in midlife, and stress, worry and anger are lower among older adults than among younger ones, while pain is more common. Stone and colleagues reported the same patterns for stress, anger and worry in the 2008 survey.[2] The daily feelings of older adults are not brighter in every respect, but they include fewer days of stress and worry, and the pain profile reaches a plateau after its peak and does not keep climbing.

Richer and poorer places

To ask whether the profile differs between richer and poorer places, each interview is placed in one of three groups of about equal numbers of interviews by the Area Deprivation Index of the respondent's county, the book's measure of neighborhood deprivation. The groups are thirds of interviews and not of counties. Interviews come mostly from large counties, so the least deprived third comes from 274 counties, the middle third from 655 and the most deprived third from 2,193. The 2023 version of the index is joined to interviews from 2008 to 2017, so it describes each county as it was later. 931 interviews in counties with no rank are left out. Chapter 6.3, Life evaluation and daily feelings asks how the ladder and the feelings differ across places at all ages. The question here is whether the age profile changes with place.

It has a midlife low and a later rise in all three groups, and the midlife fall is deeper in the most deprived third. The fall from ages 25 to 34 to ages 45 to 54 is −0.11 (95% CI −0.14 to −0.09) ladder points in the least deprived third and −0.17 (95% CI −0.19 to −0.15) in the most deprived, with intervals that do not overlap, and the difference between the two falls is −0.06 (95% CI −0.09 to −0.03) ladder points.

The lowest ladder point is at age 54 (95% CI 51 to 56) in the least deprived third, 54 (95% CI 52 to 55) in the middle third and 51 (95% CI 48 to 54) in the most deprived, so it is earlier in the most deprived third, although the intervals overlap (Table 3).

The ladder gap between the most and the least deprived third is −0.07 (95% CI −0.10 to −0.04) ladder points at ages 18 to 24, −0.21 (95% CI −0.24 to −0.17) at ages 45 to 54 and −0.12 (95% CI −0.15 to −0.09) at ages 75 to 94. It is widest in midlife, where scores average 6.94 (95% CI 6.90 to 6.97) in the least deprived third and 6.73 (95% CI 6.71 to 6.75) in the most deprived.

Table 3. The ladder falls into midlife and rises after it in every third of interviews by county deprivation, and the fall from ages 25 to 34 to ages 45 to 54 is −0.17 points in the most deprived third and −0.11 in the least

Most feelings show little place gap (the last tab of Table 3). The largest difference between the extreme thirds in any age band is 1.3 points for stress, 1.5 for enjoyment, 2.1 for sadness and 2.9 for worry.

Physical pain is the exception. It is more common in the most deprived third, with gaps of +0.9 (95% CI 0.3 to 1.4) points at ages 18 to 24 and +6.8 (95% CI 6.0 to 7.6) points at ages 45 to 54. The groups describe where a person lives, and counties differ in income, age mix and much else, so the comparison does not say what place does to well-being.

The midlife fall is much larger in lower-income households

Table 4 repeats the profiles within three groups of households: those with annual income under $36,000, those between $36,000 and $90,000, and those at $90,000 or more. Income is the household's and includes a partner's earnings. It is reported in dollars of the interview year, and 81% of interviews report it. Each line holds the household's income bracket fixed, so it compares people of similar income at different ages. The figure uses interviews in 2009 to 2014 only.

The share of income reporters at $90,000 or more was 23% (95% CI 22% to 24%) in 2014 and 35% (95% CI 34% to 36%) in 2017, a jump larger than inflation can explain. The income groups therefore mean something different in 2015 to 2017, and those years are reported separately below. The smallest cell of the income profiles, the highest income group at the oldest ages, holds 51 interviews, so the intervals there are wide.

Within households under $36,000, the ladder averages 6.85 (95% CI 6.83 to 6.88) at ages 18 to 24, 5.89 (95% CI 5.86 to 5.91) at ages 45 to 54 and 7.04 (95% CI 7.03 to 7.06) at ages 75 to 94. The fall from ages 25 to 34 to ages 45 to 54 is −0.59 (95% CI −0.62 to −0.56) ladder points there and −0.27 (95% CI −0.29 to −0.26) between the cutoffs, where the mean at ages 45 to 54 is 6.86 (95% CI 6.85 to 6.88).

The profile of households of $90,000 or more is different but not flat. Its mean is 7.50 (95% CI 7.48 to 7.52) at ages 25 to 34, 7.51 (95% CI 7.50 to 7.53) at ages 35 to 44 and 7.45 (95% CI 7.43 to 7.46) at ages 45 to 54, so the fall from ages 25 to 34 to ages 45 to 54 is −0.05 (95% CI −0.07 to −0.03) ladder points.

The fall from ages 35 to 44 to ages 45 to 54 is −0.07 (95% CI −0.08 to −0.05) in the highest group, against −0.27 (95% CI −0.30 to −0.24) and −0.12 (95% CI −0.13 to −0.10) in the other two groups. The midlife fall in the highest group is far smaller and not absent. The rise after midlife is +1.15 (95% CI 1.13 to 1.18) in the lowest group, +0.69 (95% CI 0.67 to 0.71) in the middle group and +0.37 (95% CI 0.33 to 0.40) in the highest.

Table 4. The fall in life evaluation from ages 25 to 34 to ages 45 to 54 is −0.59 ladder points in households under $36,000 and −0.05 in households of $90,000 or more, where the fall from ages 35 to 44 is −0.07

In 2015 to 2017 the same contrasts for the highest group are +0.09 (95% CI 0.06 to 0.12) from ages 25 to 34 to ages 45 to 54 and −0.02 (95% CI −0.04 to 0.01) from ages 35 to 44 to ages 45 to 54. The first changes sign between the periods and the second loses its size, so a pooled value would hide a difference between periods. The change in the bracket mix makes the later years unsuitable for this comparison.

The feelings show the same split, except for stress. Physical pain at ages 45 to 54 is 41.2% (95% CI 40.6% to 41.8%) in households under $36,000 and 15.7% (95% CI 15.4% to 16.0%) in households of $90,000 or more, and enjoyment is 72.7% (95% CI 72.3% to 73.0%) and 87.6% (95% CI 87.3% to 87.9%). The pain gap narrows at older ages, to 30.5% (95% CI 30.2% to 30.9%) and 20.9% (95% CI 20.3% to 21.5%) at ages 75 to 94.

Stress is higher in the lowest income group in every age band, but it falls after midlife in every group. In the lowest group it goes from 52.6% (95% CI 52.1% to 53.2%) at ages 45 to 54 to 20.2% (95% CI 19.9% to 20.5%) at ages 75 to 94, and in the highest from 42.4% (95% CI 42.0% to 42.8%) to 16.6% (95% CI 15.9% to 17.2%). The decline of stress after midlife does not depend on income.

Holding income fixed removes one source of composition, since the mix of incomes differs by age. It does not remove all of it. Who is in the lowest income group in midlife differs from who is in it in early adulthood, and income is partly a consequence of health and well-being as well as a source of them. Chapter 7.4, Disability, retirement and Medicare covers income, disability and retirement at older ages.

What changes the age of the lowest point

Table 5 reports the age of the lowest point under each adjustment. In the 1,355,746 interviews from 2009 to 2014 that report sex, marital status, education and household income, the lowest point of the raw profile is at age 54 (95% CI 51 to 55). Adjusting for sex leaves it at 54 (95% CI 51 to 55), for marital status at 54 (95% CI 48 to 54) and for household income at 48 (95% CI 48 to 54), and adjusting for all five gives 48 (95% CI 48 to 54).

The point estimates for income and for all five are earlier than the raw age, and their intervals reach almost to it, because the bottom of the profile is flat with a low stretch near each age and the bootstrap lands on one or the other. The raw five-year average varies by only 0.06 ladder points between ages 46 and 56, so small differences in the sample move the lowest point within that range.

Adding self-rated health to the five, in the 1,354,627 interviews that report it, gives 48 (95% CI 47 to 48), a narrower interval. A quadratic in age puts the turning age at 44 (95% CI 44 to 45) raw and 47 (95% CI 47 to 47) adjusted. The profile is not symmetric, so a parabola turns earlier than the profile does, and the narrow intervals of the quadratic describe the fit and not whether the shape is right.

Within income groups, the lowest point is at age 54 (95% CI 54 to 55) in households under $36,000 and 48 (95% CI 48 to 51) between the cutoffs. The highest group is not given a lowest point. The search starts at age 20, and its lowest five-year average over the whole search is at age 24, in early adulthood, so its midlife fall is described by the change from ages 35 to 44 to ages 45 to 54 instead.

Table 5. Adjusting for household income moves the lowest point of the ladder profile from age 54 to age 48 with overlapping intervals, and a quadratic fit puts it at age 44, so no single age is the turning point

The adjustments deepen the dip as well as moving its low point earlier. The fall from ages 25 to 34 to ages 45 to 54 is −0.20 (95% CI −0.22 to −0.19) ladder points in the raw profile of these interviews and −0.32 (95% CI −0.33 to −0.30) after the five adjustments. The fall from ages 18 to 24 to ages 45 to 54 is −0.28 (95% CI −0.30 to −0.26) raw and −0.71 (95% CI −0.73 to −0.69) adjusted.

The rise from ages 45 to 54 to ages 75 to 94 is +0.56 (95% CI 0.54 to 0.57) raw and +0.91 (95% CI 0.90 to 0.93) adjusted. Adjusting for marital status alone changes the fall to −0.23 (95% CI −0.25 to −0.22), the largest change among the single adjustments after household income. The raw profile already has a midlife low without any adjustment, and the adjustments deepen it, mostly through household income.

This is where the literature disagrees. Blanchflower and Oswald report a low in middle age after holding other characteristics fixed.[3] Glenn argues that part of the U shape comes from the controls, marital status above all, because happier people are more likely to marry and stay married, and a variable influenced by the outcome should not be held fixed.[6] The same objection applies to household income and to self-rated health, which are partly consequences of well-being. The adjusted profile in Table 5 answers what the profile would be among adults with the same mix of characteristics. It does not isolate age.

Study evidenceIndividual fixed-effects panels

Whether the midlife low happens within a person's own life

A cross-section cannot say whether the dip happens to individuals. Two studies follow the same people. Frijters and Beatton used three household panels, the German Socio-Economic Panel, the British Household Panel Survey and the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey. Once each person's own average level was removed, the middle-age U shape disappeared in all three. The largest age effect was a rise in happiness around age 60, followed by a decline after age 75, with almost no change between early adulthood and middle age.[5] Cheng, Powdthavee and Oswald used four data sets and only within-person changes, and reported support for a U shape.[7]

The two studies compare people with themselves over time, which removes differences between people that do not change. Neither randomizes anything. A within-person design needs an assumption that separates age from calendar year, because the two move together for everyone, and the studies reach opposite results on the shape. Neither uses the Gallup poll, whose respondents are interviewed once.

Birth cohorts

A cross-section mixes age with cohort, but repeated cross-sections can follow a cohort on average. Table 6 follows six birth cohorts, each covering a decade of birth years, across the interview years. People born in 1950 to 1959 were aged 50 to 59 in 2009 and 58 to 67 in 2017. Their stress changed by −7.9 (95% CI −8.5 to −7.2) points between those years, against −10.6 (95% CI −11.1 to −10.1) points between the two age groups in the 2009 cross-section.

The comparison with all adults must allow for the sample's age. The interview sample was younger in 2017 (mean age 52.3) than in 2009 (55.1), and a change in the average age of the sample moves averages that differ by age for reasons unrelated to aging. The change among all adults is therefore taken at each single year of age from 50 to 67, the ages the cohort passes through, and averaged. Stress changed by +1.7 (95% CI 1.3 to 2.2) points at those ages over the same years, and relative to that the cohort's change was −9.6 (95% CI −10.1 to −9.1).

The ladder score of the cohort changed by +0.41 (95% CI 0.39 to 0.44) ladder points, against +0.28 (95% CI 0.26 to 0.30) in the cross-section and +0.19 (95% CI 0.17 to 0.21) for adults at the same ages, and relative to them the cohort's change was +0.22 (95% CI 0.20 to 0.24).

Table 6. Relative to adults at the same ages, stress among people born in 1950 to 1959 changed by −9.6 points and their ladder score by +0.22 points between 2009 and 2017, against −10.6 and +0.28 across the same ages in 2009

For stress and for the ladder, the changes within the cohort, relative to adults at the same ages, have the sign and most of the size of the differences across ages in one year. They are somewhat smaller, −9.6 against −10.6 for stress and +0.22 against +0.28 for the ladder, with intervals that do not overlap for the ladder, so a cohort difference of that size is possible. The cross-sectional differences in these two measures are not only cohort differences.

Physical pain is different. It changed by +5.9 (95% CI 5.3 to 6.5) points within the cohort and by +5.1 (95% CI 4.6 to 5.6) points among adults at the same ages, which leaves +0.8 (95% CI 0.3 to 1.2) points, against 0.0 (95% CI −0.4 to 0.4) across the same ages in 2009. Pain rose within every cohort in Table 6. It also rose among adults at ages 50 to 67 by almost as much as in this cohort, so nearly all of this cohort's rise is a rise in the period and not aging. The cross-sectional plateau after the peak is not contradicted by the cohort lines. The check covers one cohort, and the correction using all adults is rough because all adults include the cohort itself.

What these data cannot show

The profiles are differences between people of different ages in a repeated cross-section. They mix age, birth cohort and the years in which each group was interviewed, and the three cannot be separated with data from one decade. The oldest adults are survivors, so the oldest cells describe the people who lived to be interviewed there, and these data cannot say in which direction survival moves a profile. The panel studies in the box reach opposite conclusions about the middle-age dip, and these data cannot arbitrate between them.

Every estimate is unweighted, and the poll was a telephone survey, so the levels describe the people interviewed and not the national population. County comes from the respondent's ZIP code and is approximate near county lines. The feelings are yes or no answers about the previous day, so they measure how often a feeling was present and not how strong it was. The ladder of 2008 is left out and the 2009 ladder may carry part of the same question-order artifact, which the extract cannot separate without an interview month.

The adjusted profiles are statistical constructs. Household income, marital status and self-rated health are partly consequences of well-being, so adjusting for them does not isolate the part of the profile that belongs to age, and the profile is flat near its low point, so the age of that low is less certain than its bootstrap intervals suggest. Household income is nominal, includes a partner's earnings and was missing for a share of interviews. The mix of income brackets changes in 2015 to 2017 for reasons the extract does not document, so results by income use 2009 to 2014, and the cutoffs between groups are fixed dollar amounts across that period. The deprivation groups describe the county where a respondent lives and not the respondent, the groups hold very different numbers of counties, the index describes counties as of 2023, and the Area Deprivation Index understates deprivation in high-cost cities.

The poll ends in 2017, and later years may differ. Chapter 4.5, Mental distress in young adults follows frequent mental distress among young adults from 2014 in a different survey, and Chapter 6.2, Civic life, loneliness and partnership shows how the ladder gap between partnered and other adults varies by age band in the same Gallup data. No figure in this chapter follows a person through life.

Tables

Table 1. Mean life evaluation falls from 7.03 among adults 18 to 24 to 6.84 among adults 45 to 54 and is 7.38 among adults 75 to 94

Unweighted mean Cantril ladder score by year of age, adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup, 2009 to 2017

age	conf_high	conf_low	estimate	n
18	7.28	7.23	7.25	25,104
19	7.16	7.11	7.14	20,764
20	7.06	7.01	7.03	20,566
21	7.04	6.98	7.01	21,404
22	6.99	6.93	6.96	20,267
23	6.93	6.88	6.91	20,868
24	6.91	6.85	6.88	20,651
25	6.96	6.91	6.93	22,756
26	6.95	6.89	6.92	20,582
27	6.97	6.92	6.94	21,275
28	7.01	6.96	6.98	22,607
29	7.02	6.97	6.99	21,955
30	7.04	6.99	7.01	26,817
31	7.05	7.00	7.02	21,509
32	7.03	6.98	7.00	25,123
33	7.05	7	7.03	22,981
34	7.04	6.98	7.01	23,449
35	7.06	7.01	7.04	27,289
36	7.06	7.01	7.04	23,837
37	7.04	6.99	7.01	24,074
38	7.02	6.97	7.00	25,474
39	7.05	7.00	7.02	25,043
40	7.01	6.96	6.99	33,427
41	7.02	6.96	6.99	24,465
42	6.97	6.92	6.94	30,521
43	6.93	6.88	6.91	28,188
44	6.94	6.89	6.91	27,722
45	6.94	6.88	6.91	34,003
46	6.88	6.83	6.86	31,175
47	6.86	6.81	6.84	33,763
48	6.87	6.82	6.84	34,633
49	6.86	6.81	6.83	34,790
50	6.87	6.83	6.85	49,187
51	6.87	6.82	6.84	35,575
52	6.84	6.79	6.82	43,598
53	6.82	6.77	6.79	41,271
54	6.84	6.80	6.82	42,032
55	6.86	6.82	6.84	47,470
56	6.85	6.80	6.83	43,108
57	6.87	6.83	6.85	44,152
58	6.89	6.84	6.87	45,107
59	6.93	6.89	6.91	44,432
60	7.00	6.96	6.98	54,582
61	7.03	6.99	7.01	41,935
62	7.09	7.05	7.07	51,583
63	7.12	7.08	7.10	46,017
64	7.18	7.13	7.16	46,280
65	7.22	7.19	7.21	53,072
66	7.28	7.24	7.26	43,111
67	7.30	7.26	7.28	44,121
68	7.31	7.27	7.29	42,066
69	7.34	7.30	7.32	38,080
70	7.37	7.33	7.35	46,117
71	7.36	7.31	7.33	33,149
72	7.37	7.32	7.34	35,737
73	7.37	7.32	7.34	32,279
74	7.38	7.33	7.36	29,803
75	7.38	7.33	7.36	32,359
76	7.38	7.33	7.35	26,175
77	7.38	7.33	7.36	25,447
78	7.39	7.33	7.36	24,365
79	7.40	7.35	7.37	21,647
80	7.44	7.39	7.41	26,170
81	7.44	7.38	7.41	18,844
82	7.42	7.35	7.38	19,071
83	7.38	7.31	7.35	17,079
84	7.42	7.35	7.39	14,958
85	7.39	7.32	7.36	14,462
86	7.41	7.33	7.37	10,947
87	7.41	7.32	7.37	9,423
88	7.42	7.33	7.38	8,210
89	7.47	7.36	7.42	5,902
90	7.58	7.47	7.52	5,455
91	7.57	7.43	7.50	3,335
92	7.53	7.36	7.45	2,641
93	7.56	7.36	7.46	1,754
94	7.61	7.35	7.48	1,243

Note: Each age is a different group of people interviewed in the same years, so a profile mixes age with birth cohort and does not follow anyone through life.

Note: Cells at the oldest ages hold fewer interviews, so their intervals are wider; the extract has no interviews above age 94.

Note: The ladder of 2008 is not used. Political questions that came before the ladder lowered it in 2008 and in the first months of 2009, and the extract has no interview month, so early 2009 interviews may carry part of the effect. Scores averaged 6.69 in 2008 and 7.03 in 2009, and the 2009 minus 2008 difference is between 0.29 and 0.38 ladder points in every age band.

Note: The ladder was asked of 85% of interviews in 2009, of nearly all in 2010 to 2012 and of 49% from 2013 to 2017.

Note: Gallup's extract has no survey weights, so every estimate is unweighted and levels can differ from the weighted figures Gallup publishes. County comes from the respondent's ZIP code and is approximate near county lines.

Source: Gallup U.S. Daily, ladder 2009-2017; unweighted, intervals clustered by county

Data: vishalsingh.org/zipcode/report/well-being-across-the-life-span/figures/ladder_by_age.json

Table 2. Stress, worry and anger are lower among older adults, enjoyment and happiness are lowest in midlife, and physical pain peaks near age 60

Share of adults who reported each feeling during a lot of the day yesterday, by year of age, and the age at which each profile turns, Gallup 2008 to 2017

Table 2.1. Positive feelings

Enjoyment was 88.3% among adults 18 to 24, 82.6% among adults 45 to 54 and 88.5% among adults 75 to 94

Share of adults who reported each feeling during a lot of the day yesterday, by year of age, Gallup interviews in the years each item was asked

age	conf_high	conf_low	estimate	group	n
18	90.98	90.23	90.60	Enjoyment	28,557
19	89.84	89.06	89.45	Enjoyment	23,263
20	88.74	87.85	88.30	Enjoyment	23,009
21	88.61	87.65	88.13	Enjoyment	23,783
22	87.78	86.85	87.31	Enjoyment	22,818
23	87.72	86.80	87.26	Enjoyment	23,592
24	87.27	86.39	86.83	Enjoyment	23,437
25	87.10	86.20	86.65	Enjoyment	26,005
26	86.76	85.73	86.25	Enjoyment	23,861
27	86.46	85.54	86	Enjoyment	24,759
28	86.47	85.53	86	Enjoyment	26,621
29	86.20	85.25	85.72	Enjoyment	25,876
30	86.16	85.35	85.76	Enjoyment	31,422
31	86.64	85.74	86.19	Enjoyment	25,431
32	86	85.18	85.59	Enjoyment	29,597
33	86.08	85.15	85.62	Enjoyment	27,389
34	85.80	84.97	85.38	Enjoyment	27,933
35	85.49	84.64	85.06	Enjoyment	32,578
36	85.41	84.61	85.01	Enjoyment	28,964
37	85.25	84.41	84.83	Enjoyment	30,009
38	84.82	83.99	84.40	Enjoyment	31,592
39	84.86	84.02	84.44	Enjoyment	30,597
40	84.20	83.48	83.84	Enjoyment	40,260
41	84.69	83.81	84.25	Enjoyment	29,985
42	84.05	83.25	83.65	Enjoyment	37,089
43	84.06	83.25	83.66	Enjoyment	34,666
44	83.72	82.91	83.31	Enjoyment	34,208
45	83.99	83.17	83.58	Enjoyment	41,548
46	83.64	82.82	83.23	Enjoyment	38,143
47	83.27	82.50	82.88	Enjoyment	41,423
48	82.74	81.97	82.36	Enjoyment	42,340
49	83.18	82.34	82.76	Enjoyment	42,520
50	82.88	82.15	82.52	Enjoyment	59,198
51	82.88	82.13	82.50	Enjoyment	43,366
52	83.03	82.29	82.66	Enjoyment	52,428
53	82.23	81.44	81.83	Enjoyment	49,670
54	82.41	81.63	82.02	Enjoyment	50,885
55	83.22	82.55	82.88	Enjoyment	56,720
56	83.17	82.49	82.83	Enjoyment	51,455
57	83.74	83.08	83.41	Enjoyment	52,780
58	83.39	82.70	83.04	Enjoyment	54,014
59	84.32	83.65	83.98	Enjoyment	52,975
60	84.90	84.24	84.57	Enjoyment	64,982
61	85.46	84.73	85.10	Enjoyment	50,789
62	86.08	85.48	85.78	Enjoyment	60,227
63	86.48	85.83	86.16	Enjoyment	52,955
64	87.68	87.03	87.35	Enjoyment	53,663
65	88.18	87.58	87.88	Enjoyment	62,084
66	88.83	88.15	88.49	Enjoyment	50,067
67	88.96	88.36	88.66	Enjoyment	50,877
68	89.36	88.72	89.04	Enjoyment	48,587
69	89.83	89.24	89.54	Enjoyment	43,823
70	89.93	89.33	89.63	Enjoyment	53,175
71	89.91	89.26	89.58	Enjoyment	38,510
72	89.54	88.85	89.20	Enjoyment	41,607
73	90	89.33	89.67	Enjoyment	37,700
74	89.92	89.20	89.56	Enjoyment	34,644
75	89.95	89.29	89.62	Enjoyment	37,805
76	89.79	89.09	89.44	Enjoyment	30,749
77	89.65	88.93	89.29	Enjoyment	30,079
78	89.09	88.34	88.72	Enjoyment	28,996
79	89.22	88.41	88.81	Enjoyment	25,522
80	89.21	88.37	88.79	Enjoyment	31,021
81	89.12	88.21	88.67	Enjoyment	22,351
82	89.09	88.21	88.65	Enjoyment	22,581
83	88.28	87.32	87.80	Enjoyment	20,144
84	88.18	87.17	87.68	Enjoyment	17,710
85	88.27	87.30	87.78	Enjoyment	17,007
86	87.63	86.47	87.05	Enjoyment	12,976
87	87.93	86.65	87.29	Enjoyment	10,983
88	87.16	85.73	86.44	Enjoyment	9,723
89	87.87	86.15	87.01	Enjoyment	6,788
90	87.71	86.09	86.90	Enjoyment	6,359
91	88.42	86.24	87.33	Enjoyment	3,876
92	88.17	85.94	87.06	Enjoyment	3,083
93	88.01	85	86.51	Enjoyment	2,031
94	88.14	84.60	86.37	Enjoyment	1,438
18	93.51	92.83	93.17	Happiness	26,328
19	92.84	92.07	92.46	Happiness	21,421
20	92.27	91.45	91.86	Happiness	21,096
21	92	91.20	91.60	Happiness	21,766
22	91.75	90.97	91.36	Happiness	20,896
23	91.83	90.92	91.37	Happiness	21,564
24	91.48	90.70	91.09	Happiness	21,419
25	91.39	90.45	90.92	Happiness	23,779
26	91.05	90.19	90.62	Happiness	21,871
27	90.70	89.87	90.28	Happiness	22,747
28	90.75	89.98	90.36	Happiness	24,555
29	90.87	90.08	90.48	Happiness	23,865
30	90.27	89.55	89.91	Happiness	29,131
31	91.28	90.49	90.88	Happiness	23,608
32	90.63	89.88	90.26	Happiness	27,463
33	90.96	90.18	90.57	Happiness	25,404
34	90.82	90.01	90.41	Happiness	25,881
35	90.07	89.31	89.69	Happiness	30,143
36	90.37	89.61	89.99	Happiness	26,869
37	89.98	89.19	89.58	Happiness	28,044
38	90.08	89.26	89.67	Happiness	29,670
39	89.62	88.79	89.20	Happiness	28,734
40	88.85	88.15	88.50	Happiness	37,679
41	89.24	88.43	88.83	Happiness	28,383
42	88.70	87.95	88.33	Happiness	34,991
43	88.70	87.93	88.32	Happiness	32,863
44	88.33	87.58	87.96	Happiness	32,405
45	88.31	87.62	87.97	Happiness	39,173
46	87.93	87.19	87.56	Happiness	36,081
47	87.67	86.93	87.30	Happiness	39,096
48	87.12	86.37	86.75	Happiness	40,072
49	87.11	86.35	86.73	Happiness	40,405
50	86.54	85.85	86.19	Happiness	56,025
51	86.69	86.03	86.36	Happiness	41,286
52	86.59	85.92	86.25	Happiness	49,682
53	86.02	85.30	85.66	Happiness	47,090
54	85.96	85.25	85.60	Happiness	48,184
55	86.12	85.47	85.80	Happiness	53,676
56	86.16	85.52	85.84	Happiness	48,612
57	86.63	85.98	86.31	Happiness	49,896
58	86.29	85.63	85.96	Happiness	51,055
59	86.69	86.07	86.38	Happiness	50,127
60	87.18	86.55	86.87	Happiness	61,244
61	87.56	86.91	87.23	Happiness	48,038
62	87.87	87.27	87.57	Happiness	56,916
63	88.18	87.55	87.87	Happiness	49,996
64	89.10	88.50	88.80	Happiness	50,602
65	89.24	88.63	88.94	Happiness	58,470
66	90	89.36	89.68	Happiness	47,133
67	90.17	89.52	89.84	Happiness	47,727
68	90.42	89.79	90.11	Happiness	45,528
69	90.84	90.23	90.54	Happiness	40,978
70	90.79	90.22	90.51	Happiness	49,145
71	90.95	90.33	90.64	Happiness	36,212
72	90.68	90.04	90.36	Happiness	39,095
73	91.06	90.38	90.72	Happiness	35,328
74	90.95	90.29	90.62	Happiness	32,368
75	90.94	90.28	90.61	Happiness	35,569
76	90.93	90.18	90.56	Happiness	28,994
77	90.89	90.14	90.51	Happiness	28,398
78	90.46	89.69	90.08	Happiness	27,483
79	90.77	90	90.39	Happiness	24,133
80	90.47	89.65	90.06	Happiness	29,435
81	90.84	89.96	90.40	Happiness	21,245
82	90.75	89.87	90.31	Happiness	21,502
83	89.83	88.88	89.36	Happiness	19,117
84	90.12	89.08	89.60	Happiness	16,855
85	90.05	89.04	89.55	Happiness	16,147
86	89.85	88.76	89.31	Happiness	12,324
87	89.90	88.69	89.30	Happiness	10,388
88	89.58	88.27	88.92	Happiness	9,227
89	90.09	88.58	89.34	Happiness	6,433
90	90.27	88.64	89.45	Happiness	5,954
91	90.93	88.86	89.90	Happiness	3,643
92	90.06	87.92	88.99	Happiness	2,869
93	88.37	85.43	86.90	Happiness	1,878
94	91.68	88.41	90.05	Happiness	1,326

Table 2.2. Negative feelings

Stress fell from 48.6% among adults 25 to 34 to 18.0% among adults 75 to 94, while physical pain rose from 15.5% among adults 18 to 24 to 28.5% among adults 55 to 64

Share of adults who reported each feeling during a lot of the day yesterday, by year of age, Gallup interviews in the years each item was asked

age	conf_high	conf_low	estimate	group	n
18	27.60	26.52	27.06	Worry	28,569
19	29.74	28.58	29.16	Worry	23,263
20	30.78	29.53	30.16	Worry	23,026
21	31.96	30.71	31.33	Worry	23,793
22	33.12	31.73	32.42	Worry	22,822
23	33	31.79	32.40	Worry	23,611
24	33.28	32.06	32.67	Worry	23,454
25	33.11	31.91	32.51	Worry	26,027
26	33.62	32.28	32.95	Worry	23,871
27	33.45	32.18	32.82	Worry	24,772
28	33.50	32.17	32.84	Worry	26,629
29	33.33	32.18	32.75	Worry	25,885
30	33.30	32.11	32.71	Worry	31,469
31	33.94	32.64	33.29	Worry	25,449
32	33.92	32.75	33.33	Worry	29,620
33	34.01	32.75	33.38	Worry	27,399
34	33.96	32.68	33.32	Worry	27,969
35	33.74	32.53	33.14	Worry	32,611
36	33.98	32.74	33.36	Worry	28,991
37	34.97	33.80	34.39	Worry	30,040
38	34.78	33.64	34.21	Worry	31,629
39	34.98	33.69	34.33	Worry	30,627
40	34.67	33.67	34.17	Worry	40,304
41	34.99	33.78	34.38	Worry	29,998
42	35.32	34.18	34.75	Worry	37,118
43	35.46	34.39	34.93	Worry	34,694
44	35.63	34.50	35.07	Worry	34,227
45	35.10	34.03	34.57	Worry	41,579
46	36.38	35.17	35.77	Worry	38,186
47	36.45	35.47	35.96	Worry	41,477
48	36.69	35.63	36.16	Worry	42,392
49	36.12	35.05	35.59	Worry	42,567
50	35.37	34.48	34.92	Worry	59,303
51	36.14	35.07	35.61	Worry	43,404
52	35.77	34.87	35.32	Worry	52,497
53	36.32	35.38	35.85	Worry	49,716
54	35.42	34.49	34.95	Worry	50,951
55	34.27	33.41	33.84	Worry	56,795
56	34.39	33.45	33.92	Worry	51,529
57	34.12	33.23	33.67	Worry	52,847
58	33.57	32.70	33.13	Worry	54,077
59	32.66	31.70	32.18	Worry	53,045
60	30.61	29.78	30.20	Worry	65,048
61	30.69	29.70	30.19	Worry	50,838
62	28.83	27.93	28.38	Worry	60,289
63	28.34	27.43	27.89	Worry	53,014
64	26.56	25.67	26.11	Worry	53,740
65	24.70	23.83	24.27	Worry	62,206
66	23.70	22.87	23.28	Worry	50,147
67	23.09	22.16	22.63	Worry	50,938
68	22.23	21.34	21.78	Worry	48,671
69	21.73	20.86	21.29	Worry	43,869
70	20.90	20.14	20.52	Worry	53,277
71	20.84	19.97	20.41	Worry	38,563
72	20.59	19.76	20.18	Worry	41,700
73	20.09	19.21	19.65	Worry	37,771
74	20.33	19.46	19.90	Worry	34,722
75	19.52	18.73	19.13	Worry	37,892
76	20.19	19.23	19.71	Worry	30,818
77	19.65	18.73	19.19	Worry	30,150
78	19.58	18.61	19.10	Worry	29,088
79	19.75	18.79	19.27	Worry	25,569
80	18.68	17.74	18.21	Worry	31,131
81	19.24	18.15	18.69	Worry	22,423
82	19.27	18.21	18.74	Worry	22,659
83	19.19	18.07	18.63	Worry	20,215
84	19.25	18.03	18.64	Worry	17,779
85	18.18	16.98	17.58	Worry	17,067
86	18.40	17.04	17.72	Worry	13,031
87	18.38	16.92	17.65	Worry	11,048
88	18.19	16.62	17.40	Worry	9,774
89	18.66	16.74	17.70	Worry	6,819
90	17.21	15.30	16.26	Worry	6,398
91	17.56	15.27	16.41	Worry	3,906
92	17.32	14.63	15.97	Worry	3,099
93	16.11	13.06	14.59	Worry	2,050
94	16.80	13.15	14.98	Worry	1,449
18	42.52	41.08	41.80	Stress	28,568
19	45.50	44.04	44.77	Stress	23,262
20	47.90	46.48	47.19	Stress	23,022
21	48.51	47.10	47.81	Stress	23,787
22	49.34	47.93	48.64	Stress	22,821
23	48.63	47.30	47.96	Stress	23,605
24	49.67	48.35	49.01	Stress	23,454
25	49.11	47.73	48.42	Stress	26,036
26	49.86	48.41	49.13	Stress	23,861
27	50.14	48.81	49.48	Stress	24,771
28	49.04	47.75	48.39	Stress	26,630
29	49.05	47.82	48.43	Stress	25,891
30	47.37	46.10	46.73	Stress	31,457
31	50.22	48.90	49.56	Stress	25,455
32	49.47	48.16	48.82	Stress	29,613
33	49.37	48.13	48.75	Stress	27,392
34	49.04	47.78	48.41	Stress	27,960
35	48.01	46.84	47.43	Stress	32,600
36	48.25	47.02	47.64	Stress	28,987
37	48.95	47.68	48.31	Stress	30,020
38	48.55	47.32	47.94	Stress	31,620
39	48.36	47.13	47.75	Stress	30,615
40	46.75	45.61	46.18	Stress	40,304
41	48.57	47.28	47.93	Stress	30,003
42	47.35	46.27	46.81	Stress	37,111
43	47.65	46.56	47.11	Stress	34,684
44	47.31	46.18	46.75	Stress	34,226
45	45.60	44.55	45.08	Stress	41,584
46	46.64	45.64	46.14	Stress	38,180
47	46.34	45.34	45.84	Stress	41,478
48	46.07	45.04	45.56	Stress	42,378
49	45.86	44.88	45.37	Stress	42,564
50	43.78	42.90	43.34	Stress	59,277
51	45.16	44.17	44.66	Stress	43,409
52	44.27	43.36	43.82	Stress	52,483
53	44.61	43.68	44.14	Stress	49,715
54	43.44	42.55	42.99	Stress	50,958
55	42	41.18	41.59	Stress	56,778
56	41.92	41.02	41.47	Stress	51,513
57	41.04	40.17	40.61	Stress	52,848
58	40.21	39.31	39.76	Stress	54,058
59	38.88	38.02	38.45	Stress	53,028
60	36.30	35.47	35.88	Stress	65,039
61	35.63	34.67	35.15	Stress	50,826
62	33.38	32.48	32.93	Stress	60,276
63	32.23	31.36	31.80	Stress	52,997
64	30.20	29.39	29.79	Stress	53,732
65	27.41	26.56	26.98	Stress	62,199
66	26.22	25.37	25.79	Stress	50,147
67	25.36	24.44	24.90	Stress	50,933
68	23.94	23.06	23.50	Stress	48,661
69	23.29	22.39	22.84	Stress	43,876
70	22	21.30	21.65	Stress	53,287
71	21.72	20.84	21.28	Stress	38,553
72	21.21	20.41	20.81	Stress	41,693
73	20.79	19.93	20.36	Stress	37,746
74	20.65	19.79	20.22	Stress	34,729
75	19.90	19.06	19.48	Stress	37,917
76	19.96	19.02	19.49	Stress	30,825
77	20.22	19.24	19.73	Stress	30,161
78	19.32	18.39	18.86	Stress	29,100
79	19.14	18.16	18.65	Stress	25,570
80	18.45	17.53	17.99	Stress	31,115
81	18.65	17.62	18.14	Stress	22,419
82	18	17.01	17.50	Stress	22,663
83	18.22	17.13	17.68	Stress	20,214
84	17.62	16.55	17.08	Stress	17,771
85	17.44	16.34	16.89	Stress	17,078
86	17.24	15.88	16.56	Stress	13,037
87	16.66	15.29	15.97	Stress	11,068
88	16.03	14.62	15.32	Stress	9,776
89	16.60	14.80	15.70	Stress	6,814
90	15.78	14.09	14.93	Stress	6,396
91	14.95	12.67	13.81	Stress	3,896
92	15.09	12.60	13.84	Stress	3,106
93	15.41	12.20	13.80	Stress	2,050
94	13.64	10.18	11.91	Stress	1,444
18	15.36	14.45	14.91	Sadness	26,311
19	16.06	15.07	15.57	Sadness	21,413
20	16.31	15.27	15.79	Sadness	21,082
21	15.79	14.84	15.32	Sadness	21,759
22	16.05	15	15.52	Sadness	20,899
23	15.40	14.35	14.87	Sadness	21,557
24	15.85	14.86	15.35	Sadness	21,409
25	16.01	14.88	15.45	Sadness	23,760
26	15.70	14.58	15.14	Sadness	21,863
27	15.52	14.48	15	Sadness	22,750
28	15.18	14.05	14.61	Sadness	24,537
29	15.32	14.17	14.74	Sadness	23,867
30	15.24	14.33	14.79	Sadness	29,131
31	15.36	14.32	14.84	Sadness	23,599
32	15.45	14.32	14.88	Sadness	27,453
33	15.17	14.21	14.69	Sadness	25,403
34	15.44	14.38	14.91	Sadness	25,880
35	15.56	14.65	15.11	Sadness	30,147
36	15.14	14.13	14.63	Sadness	26,874
37	16.03	15.02	15.53	Sadness	28,038
38	15.80	14.72	15.26	Sadness	29,685
39	15.98	14.97	15.48	Sadness	28,746
40	16.48	15.40	15.94	Sadness	37,697
41	16.03	15.07	15.55	Sadness	28,404
42	16.73	15.72	16.23	Sadness	35,013
43	17.32	16.38	16.85	Sadness	32,880
44	17.28	16.33	16.81	Sadness	32,434
45	17.27	16.35	16.81	Sadness	39,202
46	17.82	16.89	17.35	Sadness	36,089
47	18.34	17.40	17.87	Sadness	39,128
48	18.63	17.76	18.20	Sadness	40,112
49	18.81	17.85	18.33	Sadness	40,449
50	19.03	18.24	18.63	Sadness	56,078
51	19.42	18.51	18.96	Sadness	41,315
52	19.48	18.65	19.07	Sadness	49,742
53	20.40	19.56	19.98	Sadness	47,128
54	20.18	19.36	19.77	Sadness	48,240
55	19.65	18.89	19.27	Sadness	53,727
56	19.60	18.80	19.20	Sadness	48,665
57	20.24	19.48	19.86	Sadness	49,991
58	19.76	18.94	19.35	Sadness	51,098
59	19.31	18.51	18.91	Sadness	50,180
60	18.49	17.75	18.12	Sadness	61,303
61	18.79	18.01	18.40	Sadness	48,109
62	18.01	17.29	17.65	Sadness	56,973
63	17.88	17.14	17.51	Sadness	50,073
64	16.82	16.09	16.45	Sadness	50,682
65	16.16	15.41	15.79	Sadness	58,576
66	15.61	14.90	15.26	Sadness	47,212
67	15.78	15.05	15.41	Sadness	47,791
68	15.11	14.37	14.74	Sadness	45,596
69	14.81	14.09	14.45	Sadness	41,075
70	14.53	13.82	14.17	Sadness	49,252
71	15.08	14.35	14.72	Sadness	36,279
72	15.45	14.66	15.05	Sadness	39,182
73	14.96	14.17	14.56	Sadness	35,411
74	15.63	14.78	15.21	Sadness	32,439
75	15.24	14.47	14.85	Sadness	35,644
76	15.44	14.57	15.01	Sadness	29,070
77	15.81	14.94	15.38	Sadness	28,463
78	16.33	15.42	15.87	Sadness	27,566
79	16.86	15.89	16.38	Sadness	24,200
80	16.22	15.36	15.79	Sadness	29,500
81	16.86	15.85	16.36	Sadness	21,308
82	16.80	15.77	16.29	Sadness	21,557
83	17.31	16.14	16.73	Sadness	19,173
84	17.45	16.22	16.83	Sadness	16,941
85	17.39	16.26	16.82	Sadness	16,206
86	18.02	16.63	17.33	Sadness	12,375
87	18.75	17.25	18	Sadness	10,439
88	17.43	15.95	16.69	Sadness	9,274
89	17.85	15.99	16.92	Sadness	6,459
90	17.86	15.97	16.91	Sadness	5,984
91	16.87	14.46	15.67	Sadness	3,657
92	17.48	14.65	16.06	Sadness	2,889
93	19.09	15.64	17.36	Sadness	1,889
94	16.40	12.58	14.49	Sadness	1,325
18	17.90	16.84	17.37	Anger	21,725
19	17.82	16.64	17.23	Anger	17,505
20	17.39	16.22	16.80	Anger	17,176
21	16.62	15.50	16.06	Anger	17,653
22	16.70	15.53	16.11	Anger	16,893
23	16.50	15.34	15.92	Anger	17,519
24	16.70	15.54	16.12	Anger	17,415
25	17	15.89	16.45	Anger	19,452
26	16.54	15.42	15.98	Anger	18,145
27	16.64	15.48	16.06	Anger	18,881
28	16.39	15.38	15.89	Anger	20,638
29	16.45	15.39	15.92	Anger	20,017
30	16.47	15.54	16.01	Anger	24,372
31	16.28	15.20	15.74	Anger	19,885
32	16.53	15.52	16.02	Anger	23,096
33	16.61	15.62	16.11	Anger	21,430
34	16.34	15.31	15.82	Anger	21,732
35	16.63	15.68	16.15	Anger	25,373
36	15.95	14.96	15.45	Anger	22,886
37	16.67	15.70	16.18	Anger	24,139
38	16.81	15.90	16.35	Anger	25,720
39	16.07	15.10	15.59	Anger	24,912
40	16.14	15.31	15.73	Anger	32,752
41	16.29	15.36	15.82	Anger	24,943
42	16.10	15.22	15.66	Anger	30,455
43	16.07	15.11	15.59	Anger	28,440
44	15.89	15.02	15.45	Anger	27,888
45	15.47	14.68	15.08	Anger	33,803
46	15.60	14.75	15.17	Anger	31,452
47	15.23	14.43	14.83	Anger	34,243
48	15.50	14.67	15.09	Anger	35,141
49	14.97	14.13	14.55	Anger	35,309
50	14.18	13.50	13.84	Anger	48,561
51	14.44	13.65	14.05	Anger	35,897
52	13.91	13.16	13.54	Anger	42,908
53	14.25	13.55	13.90	Anger	40,709
54	13.60	12.90	13.25	Anger	41,424
55	13.37	12.70	13.03	Anger	46,109
56	13.12	12.41	12.77	Anger	41,967
57	12.84	12.12	12.48	Anger	42,926
58	12.45	11.81	12.13	Anger	43,889
59	12.04	11.35	11.70	Anger	43,045
60	11.80	11.18	11.49	Anger	52,398
61	11.37	10.74	11.06	Anger	41,472
62	11.04	10.45	10.74	Anger	48,829
63	10.79	10.16	10.47	Anger	42,777
64	10.34	9.72	10.03	Anger	43,060
65	9.81	9.20	9.51	Anger	49,538
66	9.44	8.84	9.14	Anger	39,393
67	9.03	8.37	8.70	Anger	39,366
68	9.04	8.43	8.73	Anger	37,753
69	8.56	7.96	8.26	Anger	34,814
70	8.37	7.79	8.08	Anger	41,384
71	8.33	7.73	8.03	Anger	30,318
72	8.02	7.42	7.72	Anger	32,575
73	7.92	7.29	7.61	Anger	29,791
74	7.54	6.89	7.22	Anger	27,289
75	7.41	6.80	7.11	Anger	30,195
76	7.39	6.77	7.08	Anger	24,672
77	7.20	6.56	6.88	Anger	24,157
78	7.06	6.41	6.73	Anger	23,509
79	6.71	5.97	6.34	Anger	20,765
80	6.52	5.90	6.21	Anger	25,434
81	6.63	5.88	6.25	Anger	18,439
82	6	5.29	5.64	Anger	18,622
83	6.21	5.46	5.83	Anger	16,473
84	5.81	4.98	5.39	Anger	14,523
85	6.28	5.44	5.86	Anger	13,922
86	5.66	4.82	5.24	Anger	10,594
87	5.77	4.82	5.29	Anger	8,862
88	5.07	4.20	4.64	Anger	7,914
89	5.57	4.36	4.96	Anger	5,481
90	5.50	4.26	4.88	Anger	5,041
91	4.84	3.49	4.16	Anger	3,074
92	5.37	3.72	4.55	Anger	2,420
93	5.46	3.44	4.45	Anger	1,574
94	5.51	3.23	4.37	Anger	1,099
18	14.98	14.21	14.59	Physical pain	28,574
19	15.53	14.63	15.08	Physical pain	23,261
20	16.19	15.21	15.70	Physical pain	23,027
21	16.13	15.12	15.63	Physical pain	23,787
22	16.41	15.39	15.90	Physical pain	22,818
23	16.14	15.11	15.62	Physical pain	23,611
24	16.64	15.58	16.11	Physical pain	23,454
25	16.70	15.67	16.19	Physical pain	26,046
26	16.59	15.54	16.06	Physical pain	23,861
27	17.39	16.33	16.86	Physical pain	24,770
28	17.06	16.09	16.57	Physical pain	26,621
29	17.21	16.22	16.71	Physical pain	25,890
30	17.31	16.36	16.83	Physical pain	31,454
31	17.80	16.70	17.25	Physical pain	25,454
32	18.09	17.13	17.61	Physical pain	29,622
33	18.26	17.22	17.74	Physical pain	27,400
34	18.09	17.06	17.58	Physical pain	27,960
35	18.25	17.28	17.76	Physical pain	32,611
36	18.91	17.90	18.41	Physical pain	28,995
37	19.27	18.28	18.77	Physical pain	30,039
38	19.02	18.07	18.55	Physical pain	31,640
39	19.61	18.53	19.07	Physical pain	30,629
40	19.67	18.74	19.20	Physical pain	40,310
41	20.37	19.32	19.85	Physical pain	30,012
42	20.76	19.73	20.25	Physical pain	37,134
43	21.82	20.81	21.31	Physical pain	34,706
44	22.33	21.17	21.75	Physical pain	34,244
45	22.23	21.19	21.71	Physical pain	41,586
46	23.47	22.41	22.94	Physical pain	38,198
47	24.38	23.27	23.83	Physical pain	41,474
48	25.31	24.25	24.78	Physical pain	42,376
49	25.66	24.59	25.12	Physical pain	42,562
50	25.61	24.57	25.09	Physical pain	59,291
51	27.47	26.29	26.88	Physical pain	43,410
52	26.88	25.80	26.34	Physical pain	52,500
53	28.15	27.05	27.60	Physical pain	49,738
54	28.39	27.34	27.86	Physical pain	50,954
55	28.16	27.12	27.64	Physical pain	56,786
56	29.02	27.98	28.50	Physical pain	51,524
57	29.27	28.22	28.74	Physical pain	52,831
58	29.50	28.51	29	Physical pain	54,069
59	29.48	28.46	28.97	Physical pain	53,045
60	28.67	27.69	28.18	Physical pain	65,070
61	29.39	28.40	28.90	Physical pain	50,842
62	29.29	28.36	28.83	Physical pain	60,276
63	29.33	28.37	28.85	Physical pain	53,010
64	28.36	27.42	27.89	Physical pain	53,742
65	26.96	26.07	26.51	Physical pain	62,191
66	27.15	26.26	26.71	Physical pain	50,128
67	27.40	26.52	26.96	Physical pain	50,937
68	26.92	25.96	26.44	Physical pain	48,643
69	27.01	26.08	26.54	Physical pain	43,860
70	25.76	24.88	25.32	Physical pain	53,255
71	26.55	25.59	26.07	Physical pain	38,542
72	26.42	25.46	25.94	Physical pain	41,689
73	26.54	25.59	26.07	Physical pain	37,738
74	26.55	25.54	26.04	Physical pain	34,693
75	26.47	25.54	26.01	Physical pain	37,873
76	27.11	26.11	26.61	Physical pain	30,802
77	27.23	26.15	26.69	Physical pain	30,148
78	26.90	25.84	26.37	Physical pain	29,063
79	27.05	25.91	26.48	Physical pain	25,544
80	25.98	24.98	25.48	Physical pain	31,099
81	27.08	25.88	26.48	Physical pain	22,405
82	27.61	26.41	27.01	Physical pain	22,630
83	27.75	26.48	27.12	Physical pain	20,190
84	27.44	26.10	26.77	Physical pain	17,760
85	27.04	25.74	26.39	Physical pain	17,070
86	27.71	26.23	26.97	Physical pain	13,006
87	28.73	27.05	27.89	Physical pain	11,042
88	26.85	25.16	26.01	Physical pain	9,766
89	27.81	25.54	26.67	Physical pain	6,827
90	25.95	23.82	24.89	Physical pain	6,381
91	27.16	24.38	25.77	Physical pain	3,896
92	27.92	24.78	26.35	Physical pain	3,101
93	26.80	23.17	24.99	Physical pain	2,045
94	26.09	21.57	23.83	Physical pain	1,448

Table 2.3. Age at the turn

Worry peaks near age 48, sadness near age 55 and physical pain near age 60, enjoyment and happiness are lowest near ages 52 and 54, and stress peaks earlier, near age 26

Age of the highest or lowest point of the five-year moving average of each profile, with 95% intervals from a bootstrap over counties

age	conf_high	conf_low	group	label	n
52.20	52.80	51.80	Lowest point	Enjoyment	2,581,678
54.40	55.60	53.90	Lowest point	Happiness	2,424,735
48.20	49.10	46.90	Highest point	Worry	2,585,390
25.90	32.80	25.10	Highest point	Stress	2,585,120
55.10	55.40	54.80	Highest point	Sadness	2,427,607
59.90	60.80	58.40	Highest point	Physical pain	2,584,986

Note: Each age is a different group of people interviewed in the same years, so a profile mixes age with birth cohort and does not follow anyone through life.

Note: Cells at the oldest ages hold fewer interviews, so their intervals are wider; the extract has no interviews above age 94.

Note: Happiness and sadness were asked in 2008 to 2016, anger in 2008 to 2013 and 2016 and the other feelings in 2008 to 2017. From 2013 each item was asked of 49% of interviews. The feelings keep 2008: the largest difference from 2009 among the seven is −1.6 points.

Source: Gallup U.S. Daily, ladder 2009-2017 and feelings 2008-2017; unweighted, intervals clustered by county

Data: vishalsingh.org/zipcode/report/well-being-across-the-life-span/figures/feelings_by_age.json

Table 3. The ladder falls into midlife and rises after it in every third of interviews by county deprivation, and the fall from ages 25 to 34 to ages 45 to 54 is −0.17 points in the most deprived third and −0.11 in the least

Cantril ladder score and feelings yesterday by year of age, for the least deprived, middle and most deprived third of interviews ranked by the Area Deprivation Index of the respondent's county, Gallup ladder 2009 to 2017 and feelings 2008 to 2017

Table 3.1. Ladder

The ladder is lower in the most deprived third of interviews in every age band, with gaps of −0.07 points at ages 18 to 24, −0.21 at ages 45 to 54 and −0.12 at ages 75 to 94

Unweighted mean Cantril ladder score by year of age and group of interviews by county deprivation, Gallup 2009 to 2017

age	conf_high	conf_low	estimate	group	n
18	7.32	7.23	7.27	Least deprived third	9,352
19	7.19	7.11	7.15	Least deprived third	7,498
20	7.12	7.04	7.08	Least deprived third	7,314
21	7.10	7.01	7.05	Least deprived third	7,576
22	7.06	6.96	7.01	Least deprived third	7,398
23	7.00	6.91	6.96	Least deprived third	7,627
24	7.00	6.92	6.96	Least deprived third	7,574
25	7.03	6.95	6.99	Least deprived third	8,549
26	7.02	6.93	6.97	Least deprived third	7,666
27	7.00	6.92	6.96	Least deprived third	7,878
28	7.08	7.00	7.04	Least deprived third	8,371
29	7.10	7.01	7.06	Least deprived third	8,012
30	7.11	7.04	7.08	Least deprived third	10,053
31	7.16	7.06	7.11	Least deprived third	7,791
32	7.11	7.03	7.07	Least deprived third	9,162
33	7.13	7.06	7.10	Least deprived third	8,365
34	7.15	7.06	7.11	Least deprived third	8,587
35	7.16	7.08	7.12	Least deprived third	10,273
36	7.15	7.06	7.11	Least deprived third	8,688
37	7.13	7.05	7.09	Least deprived third	8,703
38	7.12	7.04	7.08	Least deprived third	9,269
39	7.14	7.06	7.10	Least deprived third	8,995
40	7.09	7.02	7.06	Least deprived third	12,478
41	7.15	7.06	7.10	Least deprived third	8,782
42	7.08	6.99	7.03	Least deprived third	10,953
43	7.06	6.97	7.01	Least deprived third	9,898
44	7.06	6.97	7.01	Least deprived third	9,810
45	7.07	6.98	7.02	Least deprived third	12,018
46	7.02	6.93	6.97	Least deprived third	10,751
47	6.98	6.89	6.93	Least deprived third	11,610
48	6.98	6.90	6.94	Least deprived third	11,867
49	6.96	6.86	6.91	Least deprived third	11,710
50	6.97	6.89	6.93	Least deprived third	17,124
51	7.00	6.92	6.96	Least deprived third	11,747
52	6.95	6.86	6.91	Least deprived third	14,482
53	6.94	6.84	6.89	Least deprived third	13,416
54	6.96	6.87	6.91	Least deprived third	13,484
55	7.00	6.91	6.96	Least deprived third	15,505
56	6.95	6.87	6.91	Least deprived third	13,706
57	6.95	6.87	6.91	Least deprived third	13,995
58	6.97	6.89	6.93	Least deprived third	14,135
59	7.04	6.95	6.99	Least deprived third	13,973
60	7.10	7.03	7.07	Least deprived third	17,630
61	7.10	7.00	7.05	Least deprived third	13,070
62	7.18	7.12	7.15	Least deprived third	16,250
63	7.22	7.13	7.17	Least deprived third	14,101
64	7.28	7.20	7.24	Least deprived third	14,308
65	7.30	7.22	7.26	Least deprived third	16,522
66	7.36	7.28	7.32	Least deprived third	13,195
67	7.43	7.35	7.39	Least deprived third	13,502
68	7.43	7.34	7.38	Least deprived third	12,771
69	7.46	7.38	7.42	Least deprived third	11,352
70	7.49	7.40	7.45	Least deprived third	14,159
71	7.49	7.41	7.45	Least deprived third	9,805
72	7.48	7.39	7.43	Least deprived third	10,531
73	7.46	7.38	7.42	Least deprived third	9,433
74	7.49	7.39	7.44	Least deprived third	8,662
75	7.49	7.41	7.45	Least deprived third	9,452
76	7.48	7.39	7.43	Least deprived third	7,525
77	7.48	7.39	7.44	Least deprived third	7,373
78	7.48	7.38	7.43	Least deprived third	6,971
79	7.46	7.36	7.41	Least deprived third	6,340
80	7.50	7.41	7.45	Least deprived third	7,924
81	7.51	7.41	7.46	Least deprived third	5,532
82	7.50	7.40	7.45	Least deprived third	5,740
83	7.43	7.31	7.37	Least deprived third	5,160
84	7.49	7.37	7.43	Least deprived third	4,468
85	7.46	7.34	7.40	Least deprived third	4,535
86	7.50	7.36	7.43	Least deprived third	3,367
87	7.46	7.30	7.38	Least deprived third	2,921
88	7.49	7.33	7.41	Least deprived third	2,641
89	7.53	7.33	7.43	Least deprived third	1,849
90	7.62	7.42	7.52	Least deprived third	1,809
91	7.73	7.51	7.62	Least deprived third	1,082
92	7.49	7.19	7.34	Least deprived third	858
93	7.57	7.22	7.40	Least deprived third	603
94	7.50	7.06	7.28	Least deprived third	419
18	7.28	7.20	7.24	Middle third	8,347
19	7.18	7.10	7.14	Middle third	6,868
20	7.07	6.98	7.02	Middle third	6,846
21	7.05	6.96	7.01	Middle third	7,168
22	6.97	6.89	6.93	Middle third	6,617
23	6.89	6.81	6.85	Middle third	6,982
24	6.89	6.80	6.84	Middle third	6,881
25	6.96	6.87	6.91	Middle third	7,385
26	6.95	6.87	6.91	Middle third	6,774
27	7.01	6.92	6.96	Middle third	7,012
28	7.05	6.97	7.01	Middle third	7,479
29	7.02	6.93	6.97	Middle third	7,269
30	7.07	6.98	7.03	Middle third	8,783
31	7.07	6.98	7.03	Middle third	7,099
32	7.07	6.99	7.03	Middle third	8,355
33	7.08	7.00	7.04	Middle third	7,621
34	7.04	6.95	7.00	Middle third	7,850
35	7.08	7.00	7.04	Middle third	8,925
36	7.11	7.02	7.07	Middle third	8,082
37	7.07	6.98	7.03	Middle third	8,174
38	7.04	6.95	7.00	Middle third	8,426
39	7.08	6.99	7.04	Middle third	8,268
40	7.07	6.98	7.03	Middle third	11,000
41	7.04	6.93	6.98	Middle third	8,098
42	7.01	6.92	6.96	Middle third	10,173
43	6.96	6.88	6.92	Middle third	9,331
44	6.96	6.88	6.92	Middle third	9,065
45	6.94	6.85	6.90	Middle third	11,236
46	6.92	6.83	6.88	Middle third	10,369
47	6.90	6.80	6.85	Middle third	11,259
48	6.90	6.82	6.86	Middle third	11,628
49	6.92	6.83	6.88	Middle third	11,452
50	6.91	6.83	6.87	Middle third	16,013
51	6.89	6.81	6.85	Middle third	11,787
52	6.88	6.80	6.84	Middle third	14,572
53	6.84	6.76	6.80	Middle third	13,756
54	6.86	6.78	6.82	Middle third	14,096
55	6.88	6.81	6.84	Middle third	15,749
56	6.86	6.78	6.82	Middle third	14,495
57	6.92	6.85	6.88	Middle third	14,703
58	6.91	6.84	6.87	Middle third	14,995
59	6.97	6.90	6.94	Middle third	14,668
60	7.03	6.96	7.00	Middle third	18,154
61	7.07	7	7.03	Middle third	14,035
62	7.10	7.04	7.07	Middle third	17,202
63	7.15	7.08	7.12	Middle third	15,501
64	7.19	7.12	7.16	Middle third	15,486
65	7.28	7.21	7.24	Middle third	18,127
66	7.34	7.27	7.31	Middle third	14,659
67	7.30	7.23	7.26	Middle third	15,038
68	7.34	7.27	7.31	Middle third	14,396
69	7.39	7.31	7.35	Middle third	12,952
70	7.38	7.31	7.34	Middle third	15,675
71	7.40	7.32	7.36	Middle third	11,443
72	7.42	7.34	7.38	Middle third	12,228
73	7.42	7.34	7.38	Middle third	10,982
74	7.42	7.33	7.38	Middle third	10,095
75	7.42	7.34	7.38	Middle third	11,066
76	7.41	7.32	7.37	Middle third	8,960
77	7.41	7.32	7.37	Middle third	8,668
78	7.46	7.37	7.41	Middle third	8,380
79	7.45	7.36	7.40	Middle third	7,402
80	7.49	7.41	7.45	Middle third	8,957
81	7.47	7.36	7.42	Middle third	6,371
82	7.47	7.36	7.42	Middle third	6,481
83	7.43	7.33	7.38	Middle third	5,825
84	7.48	7.36	7.42	Middle third	5,095
85	7.44	7.32	7.38	Middle third	4,898
86	7.42	7.28	7.34	Middle third	3,731
87	7.52	7.34	7.43	Middle third	3,244
88	7.48	7.33	7.41	Middle third	2,741
89	7.55	7.37	7.46	Middle third	2,063
90	7.62	7.42	7.51	Middle third	1,827
91	7.57	7.36	7.46	Middle third	1,146
92	7.69	7.41	7.55	Middle third	915
93	7.69	7.35	7.52	Middle third	589
94	7.85	7.42	7.64	Middle third	431
18	7.29	7.21	7.25	Most deprived third	7,397
19	7.17	7.07	7.12	Most deprived third	6,397
20	7.03	6.95	6.99	Most deprived third	6,403
21	7.00	6.92	6.96	Most deprived third	6,655
22	6.99	6.89	6.94	Most deprived third	6,249
23	6.94	6.85	6.90	Most deprived third	6,257
24	6.87	6.77	6.82	Most deprived third	6,188
25	6.93	6.83	6.88	Most deprived third	6,815
26	6.91	6.80	6.86	Most deprived third	6,129
27	6.93	6.84	6.89	Most deprived third	6,377
28	6.92	6.83	6.88	Most deprived third	6,754
29	6.98	6.89	6.94	Most deprived third	6,661
30	6.97	6.88	6.92	Most deprived third	7,974
31	6.97	6.87	6.92	Most deprived third	6,612
32	6.94	6.84	6.89	Most deprived third	7,600
33	6.97	6.88	6.92	Most deprived third	6,992
34	6.96	6.87	6.91	Most deprived third	7,006
35	6.97	6.88	6.93	Most deprived third	8,085
36	6.97	6.88	6.92	Most deprived third	7,063
37	6.94	6.85	6.90	Most deprived third	7,190
38	6.95	6.85	6.90	Most deprived third	7,775
39	6.96	6.88	6.92	Most deprived third	7,775
40	6.90	6.82	6.86	Most deprived third	9,938
41	6.91	6.82	6.87	Most deprived third	7,575
42	6.86	6.77	6.81	Most deprived third	9,387
43	6.82	6.73	6.77	Most deprived third	8,954
44	6.84	6.75	6.80	Most deprived third	8,845
45	6.84	6.76	6.80	Most deprived third	10,741
46	6.77	6.68	6.72	Most deprived third	10,046
47	6.76	6.68	6.72	Most deprived third	10,883
48	6.76	6.68	6.72	Most deprived third	11,130
49	6.76	6.68	6.72	Most deprived third	11,621
50	6.78	6.71	6.74	Most deprived third	16,033
51	6.76	6.68	6.72	Most deprived third	12,032
52	6.75	6.67	6.71	Most deprived third	14,532
53	6.74	6.67	6.70	Most deprived third	14,083
54	6.77	6.70	6.73	Most deprived third	14,436
55	6.77	6.70	6.73	Most deprived third	16,199
56	6.79	6.72	6.75	Most deprived third	14,892
57	6.80	6.73	6.77	Most deprived third	15,441
58	6.84	6.77	6.80	Most deprived third	15,961
59	6.85	6.79	6.82	Most deprived third	15,776
60	6.92	6.86	6.89	Most deprived third	18,786
61	6.98	6.91	6.94	Most deprived third	14,814
62	7.02	6.96	6.99	Most deprived third	18,116
63	7.04	6.98	7.01	Most deprived third	16,397
64	7.11	7.05	7.08	Most deprived third	16,468
65	7.15	7.09	7.12	Most deprived third	18,407
66	7.21	7.14	7.17	Most deprived third	15,247
67	7.22	7.16	7.19	Most deprived third	15,574
68	7.23	7.16	7.19	Most deprived third	14,892
69	7.25	7.18	7.22	Most deprived third	13,762
70	7.30	7.23	7.27	Most deprived third	16,259
71	7.25	7.17	7.21	Most deprived third	11,890
72	7.27	7.20	7.23	Most deprived third	12,971
73	7.28	7.20	7.24	Most deprived third	11,858
74	7.31	7.24	7.27	Most deprived third	11,042
75	7.30	7.22	7.26	Most deprived third	11,833
76	7.31	7.23	7.27	Most deprived third	9,683
77	7.33	7.24	7.28	Most deprived third	9,399
78	7.30	7.21	7.26	Most deprived third	9,009
79	7.36	7.27	7.32	Most deprived third	7,892
80	7.39	7.30	7.34	Most deprived third	9,286
81	7.40	7.30	7.35	Most deprived third	6,937
82	7.35	7.24	7.30	Most deprived third	6,844
83	7.35	7.24	7.30	Most deprived third	6,092
84	7.38	7.26	7.32	Most deprived third	5,395
85	7.36	7.24	7.30	Most deprived third	5,029
86	7.41	7.28	7.35	Most deprived third	3,847
87	7.37	7.22	7.29	Most deprived third	3,256
88	7.40	7.25	7.32	Most deprived third	2,828
89	7.46	7.26	7.36	Most deprived third	1,989
90	7.63	7.44	7.53	Most deprived third	1,816
91	7.57	7.29	7.43	Most deprived third	1,106
92	7.61	7.28	7.44	Most deprived third	868
93	7.65	7.28	7.47	Most deprived third	562
94	7.73	7.29	7.51	Most deprived third	393

Table 3.2. Physical pain

Physical pain is more common in the most deprived third of interviews, with gaps of +0.9 points at ages 18 to 24 and +6.8 at ages 45 to 54

Share of adults who reported physical pain during a lot of the day yesterday by year of age and group of interviews by county deprivation, Gallup 2008 to 2017

age	conf_high	conf_low	estimate	group	n
18	14.99	13.82	14.41	Least deprived third	10,495
19	15.77	14.27	15.02	Least deprived third	8,307
20	16.20	14.60	15.40	Least deprived third	8,142
21	16.45	14.73	15.59	Least deprived third	8,395
22	16.14	14.43	15.29	Least deprived third	8,275
23	15.95	14.24	15.10	Least deprived third	8,545
24	16.46	14.63	15.54	Least deprived third	8,571
25	16.30	14.53	15.42	Least deprived third	9,743
26	16.24	14.30	15.27	Least deprived third	8,780
27	16.82	15.33	16.07	Least deprived third	9,052
28	16.14	14.77	15.45	Least deprived third	9,726
29	16.64	14.90	15.77	Least deprived third	9,341
30	16.39	14.98	15.68	Least deprived third	11,680
31	16.87	15.21	16.04	Least deprived third	9,072
32	17.33	15.85	16.59	Least deprived third	10,773
33	17.07	15.32	16.19	Least deprived third	9,943
34	17.74	15.97	16.86	Least deprived third	10,210
35	16.56	15.14	15.85	Least deprived third	12,205
36	17.81	16.17	16.99	Least deprived third	10,524
37	17.93	16.30	17.12	Least deprived third	10,873
38	17.21	15.78	16.49	Least deprived third	11,495
39	18.69	16.93	17.81	Least deprived third	11,034
40	18.23	16.63	17.43	Least deprived third	15,083
41	18.02	16.37	17.20	Least deprived third	10,788
42	19.01	17.20	18.11	Least deprived third	13,322
43	19.90	18.17	19.04	Least deprived third	12,233
44	20.39	18.39	19.39	Least deprived third	12,153
45	19.91	18.12	19.01	Least deprived third	14,674
46	20.85	19.10	19.97	Least deprived third	13,268
47	21.76	20.11	20.94	Least deprived third	14,381
48	23.43	21.51	22.47	Least deprived third	14,573
49	23.35	21.33	22.34	Least deprived third	14,418
50	22.91	21.21	22.06	Least deprived third	20,738
51	24.42	22.51	23.46	Least deprived third	14,384
52	23.92	22.30	23.11	Least deprived third	17,473
53	25.51	23.52	24.51	Least deprived third	16,297
54	25.74	23.84	24.79	Least deprived third	16,579
55	25.20	23.45	24.33	Least deprived third	18,609
56	26.60	24.88	25.74	Least deprived third	16,500
57	26.82	25.06	25.94	Least deprived third	16,888
58	26.94	25.09	26.01	Least deprived third	17,118
59	26.86	24.90	25.88	Least deprived third	16,738
60	26.03	24.27	25.15	Least deprived third	21,162
61	27.13	25.27	26.20	Least deprived third	15,964
62	27.20	25.44	26.32	Least deprived third	19,057
63	26.87	24.94	25.91	Least deprived third	16,382
64	26.45	24.62	25.53	Least deprived third	16,687
65	25.13	23.38	24.25	Least deprived third	19,473
66	25.55	24.06	24.80	Least deprived third	15,341
67	25.89	24.22	25.05	Least deprived third	15,535
68	25.30	23.56	24.43	Least deprived third	14,761
69	25.72	23.93	24.82	Least deprived third	13,052
70	24.54	22.91	23.73	Least deprived third	16,437
71	25.33	23.52	24.42	Least deprived third	11,386
72	25.01	23.21	24.11	Least deprived third	12,377
73	25.17	23.36	24.27	Least deprived third	11,036
74	25.55	23.65	24.60	Least deprived third	10,078
75	25.68	23.85	24.77	Least deprived third	11,177
76	26.11	24.36	25.23	Least deprived third	8,882
77	25.92	23.92	24.92	Least deprived third	8,777
78	26.59	24.67	25.63	Least deprived third	8,341
79	25.81	23.84	24.83	Least deprived third	7,472
80	25.48	23.80	24.64	Least deprived third	9,502
81	27.31	25.03	26.17	Least deprived third	6,569
82	26.39	24.25	25.32	Least deprived third	6,881
83	27.30	25	26.15	Least deprived third	6,126
84	26.91	24.52	25.72	Least deprived third	5,374
85	26.40	24.16	25.28	Least deprived third	5,372
86	27.37	24.79	26.08	Least deprived third	4,007
87	28.05	25.27	26.66	Least deprived third	3,421
88	26.26	23.70	24.98	Least deprived third	3,143
89	28.11	24.25	26.18	Least deprived third	2,135
90	26.61	22.80	24.70	Least deprived third	2,105
91	28.62	23.45	26.03	Least deprived third	1,283
92	30.18	24.26	27.22	Least deprived third	1,014
93	28.17	22.18	25.18	Least deprived third	703
94	27.40	19.42	23.41	Least deprived third	487
18	15.53	14.16	14.85	Middle third	9,511
19	15.81	14.30	15.06	Middle third	7,650
20	15.88	14.33	15.10	Middle third	7,660
21	16.29	14.60	15.44	Middle third	7,932
22	16.61	14.90	15.75	Middle third	7,459
23	16.41	14.59	15.50	Middle third	7,891
24	16.61	14.91	15.76	Middle third	7,803
25	16.58	14.99	15.79	Middle third	8,451
26	16.07	14.53	15.30	Middle third	7,837
27	17.60	15.54	16.57	Middle third	8,189
28	17.35	15.73	16.54	Middle third	8,844
29	17.13	15.57	16.35	Middle third	8,598
30	17.23	15.57	16.40	Middle third	10,288
31	17.76	15.64	16.70	Middle third	8,466
32	18.09	16.36	17.23	Middle third	9,834
33	18.57	16.78	17.67	Middle third	9,088
34	18.16	16.39	17.27	Middle third	9,320
35	18.29	16.63	17.46	Middle third	10,665
36	18.95	17.25	18.10	Middle third	9,807
37	19.04	17.46	18.25	Middle third	10,098
38	19.11	17.45	18.28	Middle third	10,522
39	19.05	17.17	18.11	Middle third	10,139
40	19.30	17.80	18.55	Middle third	13,219
41	20.65	18.94	19.79	Middle third	9,897
42	20.26	18.70	19.48	Middle third	12,408
43	21.50	19.82	20.66	Middle third	11,471
44	21.98	19.99	20.98	Middle third	11,248
45	22.10	20.38	21.24	Middle third	13,712
46	23.38	21.68	22.53	Middle third	12,610
47	24.08	22.33	23.20	Middle third	13,787
48	24.76	22.97	23.87	Middle third	14,129
49	25	23.21	24.10	Middle third	14,027
50	24.92	23.31	24.11	Middle third	19,306
51	27.44	25.40	26.42	Middle third	14,332
52	26.44	24.68	25.56	Middle third	17,418
53	27.90	26.15	27.02	Middle third	16,515
54	27.78	26.24	27.01	Middle third	16,938
55	27.71	26.10	26.90	Middle third	18,884
56	28.45	26.74	27.60	Middle third	17,316
57	28.93	27.12	28.03	Middle third	17,520
58	28.74	27.14	27.94	Middle third	17,953
59	28.87	27.28	28.07	Middle third	17,486
60	28.03	26.52	27.27	Middle third	21,614
61	28.72	27.21	27.97	Middle third	16,996
62	28.20	26.71	27.45	Middle third	20,147
63	28.64	27.18	27.91	Middle third	17,843
64	27.43	25.87	26.65	Middle third	17,923
65	26.15	24.83	25.49	Middle third	21,135
66	26.40	24.96	25.68	Middle third	16,921
67	26.84	25.47	26.16	Middle third	17,304
68	26.01	24.52	25.27	Middle third	16,566
69	26.75	25.13	25.94	Middle third	14,855
70	25.98	24.52	25.25	Middle third	17,959
71	26.10	24.57	25.34	Middle third	13,281
72	26.62	25.10	25.86	Middle third	14,214
73	26.27	24.75	25.51	Middle third	12,795
74	26.69	24.92	25.81	Middle third	11,722
75	25.87	24.40	25.14	Middle third	12,906
76	26.41	24.69	25.55	Middle third	10,505
77	27.33	25.51	26.42	Middle third	10,231
78	26.41	24.64	25.52	Middle third	9,959
79	27.89	25.98	26.94	Middle third	8,720
80	26.11	24.36	25.23	Middle third	10,605
81	26.08	24.10	25.09	Middle third	7,550
82	27.77	25.94	26.86	Middle third	7,633
83	27.57	25.45	26.51	Middle third	6,832
84	27.15	24.89	26.02	Middle third	5,992
85	27.20	24.96	26.08	Middle third	5,739
86	28.94	26.24	27.59	Middle third	4,455
87	29.64	26.66	28.15	Middle third	3,801
88	27.65	24.56	26.11	Middle third	3,271
89	27.71	23.92	25.81	Middle third	2,363
90	26.37	22.65	24.51	Middle third	2,146
91	27.88	23.49	25.68	Middle third	1,316
92	26.82	21.95	24.39	Middle third	1,058
93	27.25	20.86	24.06	Middle third	690
94	26.68	18.87	22.77	Middle third	483
18	15.27	13.77	14.52	Most deprived third	8,560
19	16.01	14.31	15.16	Most deprived third	7,302
20	17.63	15.71	16.67	Most deprived third	7,222
21	16.77	14.95	15.86	Most deprived third	7,455
22	17.66	15.90	16.78	Most deprived third	7,081
23	17.24	15.55	16.40	Most deprived third	7,172
24	18.13	16.24	17.19	Most deprived third	7,070
25	18.45	16.65	17.55	Most deprived third	7,845
26	18.79	16.93	17.86	Most deprived third	7,230
27	19.04	17.23	18.14	Most deprived third	7,521
28	18.82	17.09	17.95	Most deprived third	8,048
29	19.11	17.36	18.24	Most deprived third	7,935
30	19.58	17.88	18.73	Most deprived third	9,477
31	20.10	18.33	19.21	Most deprived third	7,907
32	20.14	18.39	19.26	Most deprived third	9,007
33	20.53	18.78	19.66	Most deprived third	8,364
34	19.67	17.89	18.78	Most deprived third	8,423
35	21.32	19.69	20.50	Most deprived third	9,731
36	21.39	19.54	20.46	Most deprived third	8,659
37	22.18	20.49	21.34	Most deprived third	9,060
38	22.15	20.46	21.30	Most deprived third	9,618
39	22.40	20.73	21.57	Most deprived third	9,450
40	22.91	21.37	22.14	Most deprived third	11,995
41	23.83	22.11	22.97	Most deprived third	9,316
42	24.42	22.78	23.60	Most deprived third	11,394
43	25.39	23.65	24.52	Most deprived third	10,995
44	26.09	24.31	25.20	Most deprived third	10,840
45	25.98	24.42	25.20	Most deprived third	13,192
46	27.43	25.67	26.55	Most deprived third	12,309
47	28.43	26.72	27.58	Most deprived third	13,290
48	28.98	27.38	28.18	Most deprived third	13,664
49	29.79	28.14	28.97	Most deprived third	14,109
50	30.06	28.62	29.34	Most deprived third	19,225
51	31.54	29.82	30.68	Most deprived third	14,683
52	31.11	29.57	30.34	Most deprived third	17,593
53	31.97	30.38	31.17	Most deprived third	16,905
54	32.45	30.83	31.64	Most deprived third	17,418
55	32.28	30.83	31.56	Most deprived third	19,271
56	32.74	31.14	31.94	Most deprived third	17,691
57	32.76	31.23	32	Most deprived third	18,409
58	33.44	31.98	32.71	Most deprived third	18,977
59	33.27	31.80	32.54	Most deprived third	18,805
60	32.64	31.24	31.94	Most deprived third	22,276
61	32.95	31.44	32.20	Most deprived third	17,862
62	33.13	31.71	32.42	Most deprived third	21,055
63	33.03	31.62	32.32	Most deprived third	18,765
64	31.78	30.40	31.09	Most deprived third	19,112
65	30.23	28.86	29.55	Most deprived third	21,564
66	30.02	28.61	29.32	Most deprived third	17,854
67	30.07	28.68	29.37	Most deprived third	18,088
68	30.03	28.54	29.28	Most deprived third	17,307
69	29.22	27.83	28.52	Most deprived third	15,939
70	27.44	26.10	26.77	Most deprived third	18,834
71	28.85	27.36	28.10	Most deprived third	13,863
72	28.24	26.77	27.51	Most deprived third	15,090
73	28.77	27.26	28.02	Most deprived third	13,898
74	28.11	26.62	27.37	Most deprived third	12,888
75	28.57	27.08	27.83	Most deprived third	13,781
76	29.46	27.82	28.64	Most deprived third	11,408
77	29.15	27.46	28.31	Most deprived third	11,132
78	28.58	26.85	27.71	Most deprived third	10,757
79	28.28	26.41	27.35	Most deprived third	9,339
80	27.31	25.60	26.46	Most deprived third	10,988
81	28.93	27.05	27.99	Most deprived third	8,281
82	29.60	27.60	28.60	Most deprived third	8,109
83	29.57	27.47	28.52	Most deprived third	7,230
84	29.47	27.25	28.36	Most deprived third	6,392
85	28.81	26.56	27.69	Most deprived third	5,959
86	28.37	25.93	27.15	Most deprived third	4,542
87	30.18	27.34	28.76	Most deprived third	3,818
88	28.40	25.36	26.88	Most deprived third	3,352
89	30.02	25.91	27.96	Most deprived third	2,328
90	27.19	23.68	25.43	Most deprived third	2,127
91	27.95	23.13	25.54	Most deprived third	1,296
92	30.22	24.79	27.50	Most deprived third	1,029
93	29.04	22.49	25.77	Most deprived third	652
94	29.13	21.50	25.31	Most deprived third	478

Table 3.3. Gap in the feelings

Except for physical pain, feelings differ by at most 2.9 points between the most and least deprived thirds of interviews in any age band, and physical pain has a gap of +6.8 points at ages 45 to 54

Difference in the share reporting each feeling yesterday, most deprived third minus least deprived third of interviews, by age band, with 95% intervals clustered by county, Gallup 2008 to 2017

conf_high	conf_low	estimate	group	label	n
0.570	−0.580	0	Enjoyment	Ages 18 to 24	112,542
0.510	−0.630	−0.060	Enjoyment	Ages 25 to 34	179,962
−0.530	−1.49	−1.01	Enjoyment	Ages 35 to 44	220,497
−0.970	−2.05	−1.51	Enjoyment	Ages 45 to 54	308,777
−0.490	−1.50	−0.990	Enjoyment	Ages 55 to 64	366,897
−0.650	−1.72	−1.19	Enjoyment	Ages 65 to 74	304,381
0.560	−0.500	0.030	Enjoyment	Ages 75 to 94	225,148
−2.16	−3.57	−2.86	Worry	Ages 18 to 24	112,597
−0.680	−2.13	−1.41	Worry	Ages 25 to 34	180,083
0.320	−1.10	−0.390	Worry	Ages 35 to 44	220,697
0.490	−0.930	−0.220	Worry	Ages 45 to 54	309,157
−0.110	−1.44	−0.770	Worry	Ages 55 to 64	367,349
0.280	−1.03	−0.380	Worry	Ages 65 to 74	304,938
0.270	−0.980	−0.350	Worry	Ages 75 to 94	225,950
−0.210	−2.45	−1.33	Stress	Ages 18 to 24	112,582
0.430	−1.06	−0.320	Stress	Ages 25 to 34	180,065
0.520	−0.700	−0.090	Stress	Ages 35 to 44	220,640
0.790	−0.290	0.250	Stress	Ages 45 to 54	309,120
−0.330	−1.36	−0.840	Stress	Ages 55 to 64	367,272
−0.360	−1.49	−0.930	Stress	Ages 65 to 74	304,911
−0.230	−1.24	−0.730	Stress	Ages 75 to 94	225,958
−0.400	−1.49	−0.950	Sadness	Ages 18 to 24	103,310
0.940	−0.590	0.180	Sadness	Ages 25 to 34	166,160
2.26	0.600	1.43	Sadness	Ages 35 to 44	207,288
2.93	1.36	2.15	Sadness	Ages 45 to 54	292,866
2.11	0.820	1.46	Sadness	Ages 55 to 64	347,212
1.66	0.550	1.11	Sadness	Ages 65 to 74	285,849
1.11	0.020	0.560	Sadness	Ages 75 to 94	213,833
1.39	0.340	0.870	Physical pain	Ages 18 to 24	112,592
3.21	2.03	2.62	Physical pain	Ages 25 to 34	180,077
5.52	4.28	4.90	Physical pain	Ages 35 to 44	220,768
7.62	6.03	6.83	Physical pain	Ages 45 to 54	309,173
7.17	5.61	6.39	Physical pain	Ages 55 to 64	367,328
4.62	3.41	4.01	Physical pain	Ages 65 to 74	304,801
2.90	1.98	2.44	Physical pain	Ages 75 to 94	225,769

Note: Each age is a different group of people interviewed in the same years, so a profile mixes age with birth cohort and does not follow anyone through life.

Note: Cells at the oldest ages hold fewer interviews, so their intervals are wider; the extract has no interviews above age 94.

Note: County deprivation is the mean Area Deprivation Index 2023 national rank of the county's tracts, weighted by tract population (1 is least deprived), joined to interviews from 2008 to 2017, so it describes counties as they were later than the interviews. Interviews are ranked on it and cut into three groups of about equal size; a county sits in one group. 931 interviews are in counties with no rank and are left out of this figure.

Source: Gallup U.S. Daily, ladder 2009-2017 and feelings 2008-2017; unweighted, intervals clustered by county; county Area Deprivation Index 2023 joined on the county of the interview

Data: vishalsingh.org/zipcode/report/well-being-across-the-life-span/figures/profiles_by_place.json

Table 4. The fall in life evaluation from ages 25 to 34 to ages 45 to 54 is −0.59 ladder points in households under $36,000 and −0.05 in households of $90,000 or more, where the fall from ages 35 to 44 is −0.07

Cantril ladder score and feelings yesterday by year of age, for interviews in 2009 to 2014 in households with annual income under the lower cutoff, between the cutoffs and above the upper cutoff, Gallup

Table 4.1. Ladder

Ladder scores fall to 5.89 at ages 45 to 54 in households under $36,000, while in households of $90,000 or more they are 7.51 at ages 35 to 44 and 7.45 at ages 45 to 54

Unweighted mean Cantril ladder score by year of age and household income group, Gallup 2009 to 2014

age	conf_high	conf_low	estimate	group	n
18	7.14	7.04	7.09	Under $36,000	5,686
19	7.00	6.91	6.96	Under $36,000	5,858
20	6.97	6.87	6.92	Under $36,000	6,592
21	6.94	6.85	6.89	Under $36,000	7,219
22	6.85	6.76	6.81	Under $36,000	6,854
23	6.75	6.66	6.71	Under $36,000	6,753
24	6.71	6.60	6.65	Under $36,000	6,544
25	6.71	6.62	6.66	Under $36,000	6,878
26	6.60	6.50	6.55	Under $36,000	5,908
27	6.56	6.45	6.50	Under $36,000	5,783
28	6.57	6.46	6.52	Under $36,000	6,052
29	6.49	6.37	6.43	Under $36,000	5,352
30	6.56	6.43	6.49	Under $36,000	6,511
31	6.47	6.33	6.40	Under $36,000	4,588
32	6.46	6.33	6.40	Under $36,000	5,552
33	6.43	6.30	6.37	Under $36,000	4,611
34	6.41	6.27	6.34	Under $36,000	4,532
35	6.41	6.28	6.34	Under $36,000	5,368
36	6.38	6.22	6.30	Under $36,000	4,409
37	6.29	6.14	6.21	Under $36,000	4,486
38	6.29	6.16	6.23	Under $36,000	4,752
39	6.25	6.12	6.19	Under $36,000	4,443
40	6.28	6.16	6.22	Under $36,000	6,404
41	6.15	6.01	6.08	Under $36,000	4,289
42	6.08	5.95	6.02	Under $36,000	5,550
43	6.06	5.93	5.99	Under $36,000	5,208
44	6.10	5.97	6.04	Under $36,000	5,001
45	6.03	5.91	5.97	Under $36,000	6,302
46	5.95	5.83	5.89	Under $36,000	5,860
47	5.97	5.85	5.91	Under $36,000	6,436
48	5.94	5.82	5.88	Under $36,000	6,715
49	5.95	5.83	5.89	Under $36,000	6,802
50	5.96	5.86	5.91	Under $36,000	9,698
51	5.97	5.86	5.92	Under $36,000	7,178
52	5.93	5.83	5.88	Under $36,000	8,699
53	5.87	5.77	5.82	Under $36,000	8,438
54	5.90	5.80	5.85	Under $36,000	8,402
55	5.93	5.83	5.88	Under $36,000	9,412
56	5.87	5.77	5.82	Under $36,000	8,579
57	5.95	5.84	5.89	Under $36,000	9,010
58	5.96	5.86	5.91	Under $36,000	8,977
59	6.05	5.94	5.99	Under $36,000	8,763
60	6.10	6	6.05	Under $36,000	10,465
61	6.20	6.09	6.14	Under $36,000	8,360
62	6.28	6.19	6.23	Under $36,000	10,210
63	6.31	6.22	6.26	Under $36,000	9,070
64	6.43	6.34	6.39	Under $36,000	8,947
65	6.53	6.44	6.48	Under $36,000	10,348
66	6.59	6.50	6.54	Under $36,000	8,602
67	6.62	6.53	6.57	Under $36,000	8,867
68	6.65	6.56	6.60	Under $36,000	8,512
69	6.73	6.64	6.68	Under $36,000	8,076
70	6.78	6.70	6.74	Under $36,000	9,664
71	6.81	6.71	6.76	Under $36,000	7,672
72	6.84	6.74	6.79	Under $36,000	8,342
73	6.85	6.75	6.80	Under $36,000	7,729
74	6.91	6.81	6.86	Under $36,000	7,424
75	6.94	6.85	6.89	Under $36,000	8,139
76	6.93	6.83	6.88	Under $36,000	6,945
77	7.00	6.90	6.95	Under $36,000	6,834
78	7.03	6.93	6.98	Under $36,000	6,649
79	7.01	6.90	6.96	Under $36,000	6,142
80	7.11	7.01	7.06	Under $36,000	7,443
81	7.11	7	7.05	Under $36,000	5,617
82	7.14	7.02	7.08	Under $36,000	5,792
83	7.10	6.98	7.04	Under $36,000	5,125
84	7.18	7.06	7.12	Under $36,000	4,628
85	7.18	7.05	7.12	Under $36,000	4,351
86	7.28	7.13	7.20	Under $36,000	3,386
87	7.29	7.12	7.21	Under $36,000	2,842
88	7.26	7.09	7.18	Under $36,000	2,474
89	7.31	7.10	7.21	Under $36,000	1,867
90	7.37	7.16	7.26	Under $36,000	1,616
91	7.61	7.34	7.47	Under $36,000	981
92	7.46	7.13	7.29	Under $36,000	755
93	7.53	7.15	7.34	Under $36,000	521
94	7.70	7.21	7.45	Under $36,000	310
18	7.38	7.29	7.34	$36,000 to $89,999	4,315
19	7.25	7.14	7.19	$36,000 to $89,999	3,545
20	7.22	7.12	7.17	$36,000 to $89,999	3,432
21	7.22	7.11	7.16	$36,000 to $89,999	3,725
22	7.21	7.11	7.16	$36,000 to $89,999	3,852
23	7.16	7.07	7.12	$36,000 to $89,999	4,534
24	7.12	7.03	7.07	$36,000 to $89,999	4,926
25	7.20	7.11	7.16	$36,000 to $89,999	5,718
26	7.18	7.10	7.14	$36,000 to $89,999	5,657
27	7.22	7.14	7.18	$36,000 to $89,999	6,142
28	7.21	7.13	7.17	$36,000 to $89,999	6,743
29	7.19	7.12	7.15	$36,000 to $89,999	6,811
30	7.17	7.10	7.14	$36,000 to $89,999	7,970
31	7.18	7.11	7.14	$36,000 to $89,999	6,785
32	7.14	7.07	7.10	$36,000 to $89,999	7,577
33	7.15	7.08	7.11	$36,000 to $89,999	7,028
34	7.13	7.05	7.09	$36,000 to $89,999	7,113
35	7.13	7.06	7.09	$36,000 to $89,999	7,780
36	7.09	7.00	7.05	$36,000 to $89,999	7,073
37	7.05	6.97	7.01	$36,000 to $89,999	7,115
38	7.05	6.98	7.02	$36,000 to $89,999	7,564
39	7.05	6.98	7.02	$36,000 to $89,999	7,347
40	7.01	6.94	6.98	$36,000 to $89,999	9,294
41	7.02	6.95	6.99	$36,000 to $89,999	7,481
42	6.95	6.88	6.91	$36,000 to $89,999	8,922
43	6.92	6.84	6.88	$36,000 to $89,999	8,202
44	6.93	6.85	6.89	$36,000 to $89,999	7,958
45	6.96	6.88	6.92	$36,000 to $89,999	9,379
46	6.90	6.83	6.86	$36,000 to $89,999	8,579
47	6.87	6.80	6.84	$36,000 to $89,999	9,507
48	6.88	6.81	6.85	$36,000 to $89,999	9,611
49	6.86	6.79	6.82	$36,000 to $89,999	9,826
50	6.90	6.83	6.87	$36,000 to $89,999	12,927
51	6.92	6.84	6.88	$36,000 to $89,999	9,986
52	6.87	6.80	6.83	$36,000 to $89,999	12,058
53	6.90	6.83	6.87	$36,000 to $89,999	11,152
54	6.93	6.86	6.89	$36,000 to $89,999	11,437
55	6.91	6.84	6.88	$36,000 to $89,999	12,738
56	6.94	6.87	6.90	$36,000 to $89,999	12,024
57	6.97	6.90	6.93	$36,000 to $89,999	12,157
58	6.98	6.91	6.95	$36,000 to $89,999	12,474
59	7.04	6.98	7.01	$36,000 to $89,999	12,419
60	7.12	7.06	7.09	$36,000 to $89,999	14,550
61	7.16	7.09	7.13	$36,000 to $89,999	11,886
62	7.19	7.13	7.16	$36,000 to $89,999	14,832
63	7.24	7.17	7.21	$36,000 to $89,999	13,321
64	7.29	7.23	7.26	$36,000 to $89,999	13,534
65	7.33	7.27	7.30	$36,000 to $89,999	14,666
66	7.41	7.34	7.38	$36,000 to $89,999	11,987
67	7.43	7.37	7.40	$36,000 to $89,999	11,910
68	7.44	7.37	7.40	$36,000 to $89,999	10,820
69	7.48	7.41	7.44	$36,000 to $89,999	9,902
70	7.50	7.43	7.46	$36,000 to $89,999	11,374
71	7.54	7.46	7.50	$36,000 to $89,999	8,453
72	7.54	7.46	7.50	$36,000 to $89,999	8,691
73	7.55	7.47	7.51	$36,000 to $89,999	7,438
74	7.58	7.49	7.53	$36,000 to $89,999	6,774
75	7.55	7.47	7.51	$36,000 to $89,999	7,325
76	7.56	7.47	7.52	$36,000 to $89,999	5,726
77	7.57	7.48	7.53	$36,000 to $89,999	5,546
78	7.61	7.51	7.56	$36,000 to $89,999	5,173
79	7.67	7.57	7.62	$36,000 to $89,999	4,559
80	7.65	7.55	7.60	$36,000 to $89,999	5,116
81	7.66	7.54	7.60	$36,000 to $89,999	3,742
82	7.64	7.51	7.58	$36,000 to $89,999	3,591
83	7.62	7.48	7.55	$36,000 to $89,999	3,174
84	7.66	7.52	7.59	$36,000 to $89,999	2,650
85	7.57	7.42	7.50	$36,000 to $89,999	2,556
86	7.61	7.44	7.52	$36,000 to $89,999	1,838
87	7.64	7.44	7.54	$36,000 to $89,999	1,561
88	7.57	7.37	7.47	$36,000 to $89,999	1,303
89	7.78	7.52	7.65	$36,000 to $89,999	890
90	7.79	7.49	7.64	$36,000 to $89,999	773
91	7.92	7.62	7.77	$36,000 to $89,999	505
92	7.81	7.43	7.62	$36,000 to $89,999	397
93	7.81	7.30	7.56	$36,000 to $89,999	226
94	7.78	7.20	7.49	$36,000 to $89,999	198
18	7.58	7.47	7.52	$90,000 or more	2,731
19	7.61	7.47	7.54	$90,000 or more	2,035
20	7.45	7.31	7.38	$90,000 or more	1,825
21	7.46	7.31	7.38	$90,000 or more	1,817
22	7.31	7.16	7.24	$90,000 or more	1,638
23	7.24	7.08	7.16	$90,000 or more	1,635
24	7.27	7.11	7.19	$90,000 or more	1,547
25	7.30	7.15	7.22	$90,000 or more	1,718
26	7.41	7.27	7.34	$90,000 or more	1,673
27	7.47	7.34	7.41	$90,000 or more	2,028
28	7.55	7.44	7.50	$90,000 or more	2,337
29	7.57	7.45	7.51	$90,000 or more	2,627
30	7.60	7.49	7.54	$90,000 or more	3,223
31	7.59	7.50	7.54	$90,000 or more	3,225
32	7.58	7.49	7.54	$90,000 or more	3,704
33	7.59	7.50	7.55	$90,000 or more	3,774
34	7.58	7.50	7.54	$90,000 or more	4,031
35	7.58	7.50	7.54	$90,000 or more	4,750
36	7.61	7.53	7.57	$90,000 or more	4,481
37	7.60	7.53	7.57	$90,000 or more	4,744
38	7.56	7.49	7.53	$90,000 or more	5,116
39	7.57	7.50	7.53	$90,000 or more	5,415
40	7.56	7.48	7.52	$90,000 or more	6,509
41	7.55	7.47	7.51	$90,000 or more	5,541
42	7.52	7.46	7.49	$90,000 or more	6,799
43	7.48	7.41	7.45	$90,000 or more	6,276
44	7.50	7.43	7.46	$90,000 or more	6,156
45	7.50	7.43	7.46	$90,000 or more	7,061
46	7.46	7.39	7.43	$90,000 or more	6,785
47	7.47	7.39	7.43	$90,000 or more	7,090
48	7.45	7.39	7.42	$90,000 or more	7,421
49	7.47	7.40	7.44	$90,000 or more	7,424
50	7.46	7.40	7.43	$90,000 or more	9,246
51	7.49	7.42	7.45	$90,000 or more	7,276
52	7.51	7.45	7.48	$90,000 or more	8,649
53	7.48	7.41	7.45	$90,000 or more	8,237
54	7.50	7.43	7.47	$90,000 or more	8,045
55	7.50	7.43	7.46	$90,000 or more	8,899
56	7.49	7.43	7.46	$90,000 or more	7,975
57	7.52	7.46	7.49	$90,000 or more	8,058
58	7.55	7.48	7.51	$90,000 or more	8,057
59	7.58	7.52	7.55	$90,000 or more	7,770
60	7.62	7.55	7.58	$90,000 or more	8,768
61	7.68	7.61	7.65	$90,000 or more	6,864
62	7.71	7.65	7.68	$90,000 or more	7,960
63	7.72	7.65	7.68	$90,000 or more	6,937
64	7.76	7.69	7.73	$90,000 or more	6,546
65	7.83	7.75	7.79	$90,000 or more	6,757
66	7.85	7.77	7.81	$90,000 or more	5,407
67	7.88	7.79	7.83	$90,000 or more	5,156
68	7.95	7.86	7.90	$90,000 or more	4,582
69	7.93	7.83	7.88	$90,000 or more	3,858
70	7.95	7.85	7.90	$90,000 or more	4,316
71	7.98	7.86	7.92	$90,000 or more	3,016
72	7.95	7.83	7.89	$90,000 or more	3,036
73	7.91	7.78	7.84	$90,000 or more	2,624
74	8.02	7.88	7.95	$90,000 or more	2,227
75	7.94	7.79	7.87	$90,000 or more	2,316
76	7.94	7.78	7.86	$90,000 or more	1,798
77	7.98	7.81	7.90	$90,000 or more	1,747
78	7.87	7.69	7.78	$90,000 or more	1,550
79	7.87	7.67	7.77	$90,000 or more	1,297
80	7.93	7.75	7.84	$90,000 or more	1,568
81	8	7.80	7.90	$90,000 or more	1,108
82	7.93	7.73	7.83	$90,000 or more	1,101
83	7.79	7.54	7.67	$90,000 or more	892
84	7.88	7.64	7.76	$90,000 or more	756
85	7.95	7.68	7.82	$90,000 or more	712
86	7.91	7.58	7.75	$90,000 or more	518
87	7.82	7.46	7.64	$90,000 or more	449
88	7.98	7.59	7.79	$90,000 or more	402
89	7.89	7.37	7.63	$90,000 or more	275
90	8.02	7.48	7.75	$90,000 or more	253
91	7.75	7.14	7.45	$90,000 or more	166
92	8.13	7.43	7.78	$90,000 or more	129
93	8.16	7.23	7.70	$90,000 or more	69
94	8.27	7.22	7.75	$90,000 or more	51

Table 4.2. Enjoyment

Enjoyment is lowest in midlife in every income group, at 72.7% in households under $36,000 against 87.6% in households of $90,000 or more

Share of adults who reported enjoyment during a lot of the day yesterday by year of age and household income group, Gallup 2009 to 2014

age	conf_high	conf_low	estimate	group	n
18	89.94	88.31	89.12	Under $36,000	5,802
19	88.85	87.22	88.04	Under $36,000	5,976
20	87.51	85.90	86.70	Under $36,000	6,724
21	87.02	85.36	86.19	Under $36,000	7,362
22	86.66	84.97	85.82	Under $36,000	7,001
23	86.04	84.36	85.20	Under $36,000	6,919
24	86.08	84.33	85.21	Under $36,000	6,693
25	84.95	83.27	84.11	Under $36,000	7,056
26	84.31	82.09	83.20	Under $36,000	6,054
27	82.79	80.81	81.80	Under $36,000	5,918
28	83.11	81.25	82.18	Under $36,000	6,218
29	80.60	78.51	79.56	Under $36,000	5,523
30	81.67	79.72	80.70	Under $36,000	6,672
31	80.74	78.41	79.58	Under $36,000	4,725
32	81.18	79.13	80.15	Under $36,000	5,694
33	80.86	78.63	79.74	Under $36,000	4,749
34	79.80	77.39	78.59	Under $36,000	4,681
35	79.75	77.39	78.57	Under $36,000	5,521
36	78.99	76.47	77.73	Under $36,000	4,549
37	77.78	75.40	76.59	Under $36,000	4,639
38	77.88	75.51	76.69	Under $36,000	4,938
39	76.76	74.32	75.54	Under $36,000	4,608
40	77.38	75.26	76.32	Under $36,000	6,609
41	77.34	74.88	76.11	Under $36,000	4,446
42	76.02	73.78	74.90	Under $36,000	5,725
43	76.57	74.27	75.42	Under $36,000	5,366
44	75.62	73.25	74.44	Under $36,000	5,187
45	75.99	73.82	74.90	Under $36,000	6,519
46	74.30	72.18	73.24	Under $36,000	6,043
47	74.53	72.39	73.46	Under $36,000	6,696
48	74.20	72.18	73.19	Under $36,000	6,948
49	73.55	71.50	72.52	Under $36,000	7,031
50	73.36	71.54	72.45	Under $36,000	9,984
51	73.68	71.76	72.72	Under $36,000	7,415
52	73.59	71.75	72.67	Under $36,000	8,965
53	72.65	70.65	71.65	Under $36,000	8,695
54	71.97	70.03	71	Under $36,000	8,678
55	73.80	72.07	72.93	Under $36,000	9,675
56	73.71	71.84	72.78	Under $36,000	8,853
57	74.53	72.68	73.61	Under $36,000	9,256
58	73.47	71.56	72.52	Under $36,000	9,264
59	75.54	73.72	74.63	Under $36,000	9,042
60	76.55	74.82	75.69	Under $36,000	10,805
61	77.53	75.72	76.63	Under $36,000	8,621
62	77.79	76.17	76.98	Under $36,000	10,561
63	79.08	77.32	78.20	Under $36,000	9,322
64	80.21	78.50	79.35	Under $36,000	9,232
65	81.03	79.45	80.24	Under $36,000	10,637
66	82.72	81.08	81.90	Under $36,000	8,852
67	82.14	80.56	81.35	Under $36,000	9,125
68	83.78	82.09	82.94	Under $36,000	8,767
69	84.82	83.14	83.98	Under $36,000	8,307
70	85.37	83.86	84.62	Under $36,000	9,958
71	85.75	84.07	84.91	Under $36,000	7,925
72	85.74	84.15	84.95	Under $36,000	8,616
73	85.83	84.25	85.04	Under $36,000	8,046
74	86.11	84.52	85.32	Under $36,000	7,661
75	86.39	84.86	85.62	Under $36,000	8,396
76	86.39	84.76	85.57	Under $36,000	7,188
77	86.65	85.04	85.85	Under $36,000	7,072
78	86.45	84.74	85.59	Under $36,000	6,907
79	86.43	84.75	85.59	Under $36,000	6,342
80	87.02	85.41	86.22	Under $36,000	7,734
81	87.56	85.84	86.70	Under $36,000	5,799
82	87.68	86.01	86.85	Under $36,000	5,991
83	86.51	84.58	85.55	Under $36,000	5,341
84	87.03	84.97	86	Under $36,000	4,772
85	86.53	84.54	85.54	Under $36,000	4,501
86	86.89	84.56	85.72	Under $36,000	3,523
87	87.91	85.20	86.56	Under $36,000	2,938
88	85.92	83.10	84.51	Under $36,000	2,602
89	86.23	83.07	84.65	Under $36,000	1,948
90	87.14	83.93	85.54	Under $36,000	1,687
91	89.57	85.39	87.48	Under $36,000	1,030
92	90.19	85.94	88.07	Under $36,000	796
93	87.72	81.60	84.66	Under $36,000	541
94	89.18	81.73	85.45	Under $36,000	330
18	92.70	90.90	91.80	$36,000 to $89,999	4,365
19	92.59	90.88	91.73	$36,000 to $89,999	3,581
20	91.74	89.77	90.76	$36,000 to $89,999	3,494
21	91.20	89.36	90.28	$36,000 to $89,999	3,785
22	91.30	89.47	90.39	$36,000 to $89,999	3,921
23	90.30	88.44	89.37	$36,000 to $89,999	4,619
24	89.57	87.83	88.70	$36,000 to $89,999	5,044
25	90.40	88.84	89.62	$36,000 to $89,999	5,859
26	89.57	87.91	88.74	$36,000 to $89,999	5,798
27	89.28	87.71	88.50	$36,000 to $89,999	6,293
28	89.52	87.97	88.74	$36,000 to $89,999	6,930
29	89.09	87.53	88.31	$36,000 to $89,999	7,015
30	89.08	87.68	88.38	$36,000 to $89,999	8,193
31	89.66	88.14	88.90	$36,000 to $89,999	7,009
32	88.24	86.52	87.38	$36,000 to $89,999	7,806
33	88.10	86.58	87.34	$36,000 to $89,999	7,251
34	88.10	86.61	87.35	$36,000 to $89,999	7,322
35	87.19	85.63	86.41	$36,000 to $89,999	8,049
36	87.43	85.82	86.63	$36,000 to $89,999	7,314
37	87.01	85.32	86.16	$36,000 to $89,999	7,364
38	86.28	84.70	85.49	$36,000 to $89,999	7,836
39	86.89	85.31	86.10	$36,000 to $89,999	7,597
40	85.66	84.26	84.96	$36,000 to $89,999	9,581
41	85.67	84.08	84.87	$36,000 to $89,999	7,715
42	85.25	83.76	84.51	$36,000 to $89,999	9,230
43	86.06	84.51	85.29	$36,000 to $89,999	8,510
44	85.04	83.49	84.26	$36,000 to $89,999	8,217
45	85.59	84.12	84.86	$36,000 to $89,999	9,667
46	85.28	83.83	84.55	$36,000 to $89,999	8,875
47	84.93	83.48	84.20	$36,000 to $89,999	9,838
48	84.32	82.88	83.60	$36,000 to $89,999	9,884
49	85.22	83.66	84.44	$36,000 to $89,999	10,168
50	84.68	83.24	83.96	$36,000 to $89,999	13,286
51	85.02	83.67	84.34	$36,000 to $89,999	10,333
52	85.26	83.97	84.62	$36,000 to $89,999	12,402
53	84.49	83.15	83.82	$36,000 to $89,999	11,519
54	85.37	83.98	84.68	$36,000 to $89,999	11,825
55	85.55	84.37	84.96	$36,000 to $89,999	13,123
56	85.42	84.13	84.77	$36,000 to $89,999	12,394
57	86.55	85.29	85.92	$36,000 to $89,999	12,486
58	86.17	84.96	85.57	$36,000 to $89,999	12,867
59	86.91	85.72	86.31	$36,000 to $89,999	12,815
60	87.15	86.06	86.60	$36,000 to $89,999	15,018
61	88.06	86.91	87.49	$36,000 to $89,999	12,242
62	88.99	87.92	88.45	$36,000 to $89,999	15,287
63	88.95	87.89	88.42	$36,000 to $89,999	13,609
64	90.59	89.58	90.08	$36,000 to $89,999	13,874
65	91.04	90.13	90.59	$36,000 to $89,999	15,032
66	91.37	90.33	90.85	$36,000 to $89,999	12,305
67	91.87	90.88	91.37	$36,000 to $89,999	12,218
68	92.13	91.09	91.61	$36,000 to $89,999	11,112
69	93	91.94	92.47	$36,000 to $89,999	10,146
70	92.82	91.84	92.33	$36,000 to $89,999	11,664
71	92.71	91.55	92.13	$36,000 to $89,999	8,654
72	92.75	91.60	92.17	$36,000 to $89,999	8,905
73	92.79	91.54	92.16	$36,000 to $89,999	7,615
74	93.32	92.03	92.68	$36,000 to $89,999	6,936
75	92.66	91.46	92.06	$36,000 to $89,999	7,504
76	92.66	91.19	91.92	$36,000 to $89,999	5,869
77	92.65	91.29	91.97	$36,000 to $89,999	5,705
78	92.50	91.01	91.76	$36,000 to $89,999	5,313
79	92.78	91.23	92.01	$36,000 to $89,999	4,666
80	92.57	91.09	91.83	$36,000 to $89,999	5,263
81	91.80	89.88	90.84	$36,000 to $89,999	3,820
82	91.15	89.17	90.16	$36,000 to $89,999	3,678
83	90.80	88.73	89.76	$36,000 to $89,999	3,263
84	90.84	88.66	89.75	$36,000 to $89,999	2,722
85	91.37	88.98	90.17	$36,000 to $89,999	2,635
86	90.77	88.08	89.43	$36,000 to $89,999	1,882
87	90.70	87.75	89.22	$36,000 to $89,999	1,596
88	90.86	87.61	89.24	$36,000 to $89,999	1,338
89	92.62	88.62	90.62	$36,000 to $89,999	906
90	91.85	87.85	89.85	$36,000 to $89,999	798
91	91.12	85.50	88.31	$36,000 to $89,999	522
92	91.73	85.72	88.73	$36,000 to $89,999	408
93	88.20	78.75	83.47	$36,000 to $89,999	236
94	88.68	78.48	83.58	$36,000 to $89,999	201
18	94.90	93.21	94.05	$90,000 or more	2,775
19	93.84	91.55	92.69	$90,000 or more	2,066
20	93.04	90.62	91.83	$90,000 or more	1,848
21	92.67	90.04	91.36	$90,000 or more	1,851
22	92.60	89.90	91.25	$90,000 or more	1,669
23	91.32	88.45	89.89	$90,000 or more	1,671
24	91.28	88.50	89.89	$90,000 or more	1,573
25	91.74	89.05	90.40	$90,000 or more	1,760
26	91.88	89.08	90.48	$90,000 or more	1,712
27	92.66	89.91	91.29	$90,000 or more	2,077
28	91.16	88.63	89.89	$90,000 or more	2,394
29	91.02	88.78	89.90	$90,000 or more	2,703
30	90.78	88.76	89.77	$90,000 or more	3,303
31	89.87	87.76	88.82	$90,000 or more	3,317
32	89.95	88.05	89	$90,000 or more	3,828
33	90.34	88.40	89.37	$90,000 or more	3,895
34	90.27	88.42	89.35	$90,000 or more	4,140
35	89.56	87.81	88.68	$90,000 or more	4,913
36	90	88.27	89.14	$90,000 or more	4,630
37	90.25	88.41	89.33	$90,000 or more	4,930
38	89.40	87.70	88.55	$90,000 or more	5,310
39	89.22	87.51	88.37	$90,000 or more	5,570
40	89.56	88.09	88.83	$90,000 or more	6,722
41	89.04	87.42	88.23	$90,000 or more	5,701
42	88.25	86.64	87.44	$90,000 or more	7,017
43	88.37	86.68	87.52	$90,000 or more	6,484
44	88.18	86.52	87.35	$90,000 or more	6,362
45	88.77	87.22	88	$90,000 or more	7,297
46	88.65	87.12	87.89	$90,000 or more	7,017
47	88.42	86.96	87.69	$90,000 or more	7,296
48	87.35	85.88	86.62	$90,000 or more	7,674
49	88.52	86.90	87.71	$90,000 or more	7,666
50	88.53	87.19	87.86	$90,000 or more	9,556
51	88.28	86.71	87.49	$90,000 or more	7,500
52	88.43	87.02	87.72	$90,000 or more	8,918
53	88.08	86.64	87.36	$90,000 or more	8,498
54	88.62	86.99	87.81	$90,000 or more	8,285
55	88.83	87.55	88.19	$90,000 or more	9,154
56	88.05	86.48	87.26	$90,000 or more	8,204
57	89.43	88.10	88.76	$90,000 or more	8,304
58	88.95	87.58	88.26	$90,000 or more	8,317
59	89.69	88.31	89	$90,000 or more	7,990
60	90.43	89.19	89.81	$90,000 or more	9,008
61	90.68	89.26	89.97	$90,000 or more	7,079
62	91.35	89.96	90.65	$90,000 or more	8,185
63	91.67	90.23	90.95	$90,000 or more	7,086
64	92.47	91.08	91.78	$90,000 or more	6,712
65	92.86	91.58	92.22	$90,000 or more	6,913
66	93.73	92.38	93.05	$90,000 or more	5,528
67	94.03	92.63	93.33	$90,000 or more	5,276
68	94.14	92.71	93.42	$90,000 or more	4,697
69	94.79	93.36	94.08	$90,000 or more	3,951
70	94.16	92.64	93.40	$90,000 or more	4,423
71	94.84	93.18	94.01	$90,000 or more	3,104
72	93.98	92.13	93.05	$90,000 or more	3,095
73	95.24	93.58	94.41	$90,000 or more	2,683
74	94.91	92.91	93.91	$90,000 or more	2,299
75	94.50	92.57	93.53	$90,000 or more	2,366
76	94.83	92.69	93.76	$90,000 or more	1,842
77	94.38	91.96	93.17	$90,000 or more	1,800
78	92.80	90	91.40	$90,000 or more	1,593
79	92.96	89.91	91.44	$90,000 or more	1,331
80	92.64	89.81	91.23	$90,000 or more	1,607
81	93.07	89.81	91.44	$90,000 or more	1,133
82	92.85	89.65	91.25	$90,000 or more	1,132
83	91.81	87.70	89.76	$90,000 or more	908
84	92.67	88.57	90.62	$90,000 or more	789
85	93.44	89.17	91.30	$90,000 or more	736
86	91.85	86.43	89.14	$90,000 or more	534
87	91.88	86.38	89.13	$90,000 or more	460
88	90.11	83.48	86.80	$90,000 or more	409
89	92.93	86.17	89.55	$90,000 or more	287
90	92.42	85.28	88.85	$90,000 or more	260
91	93.68	83.20	88.44	$90,000 or more	173
92	94.09	83.52	88.81	$90,000 or more	134
93	97.06	83.23	90.14	$90,000 or more	71
94	97.07	80.29	88.68	$90,000 or more	53

Table 4.3. Stress

Stress is highest in the lowest income group in every age band and falls after midlife in all three groups, from 52.6% at ages 45 to 54 to 20.2% at ages 75 to 94 in households under $36,000

Share of adults who reported stress during a lot of the day yesterday by year of age and household income group, Gallup 2009 to 2014

age	conf_high	conf_low	estimate	group	n
18	45.12	42.36	43.74	Under $36,000	5,805
19	48.65	45.54	47.10	Under $36,000	5,973
20	51.15	48.68	49.91	Under $36,000	6,728
21	51.07	48.66	49.86	Under $36,000	7,364
22	52.26	49.64	50.95	Under $36,000	7,001
23	51.48	49.03	50.25	Under $36,000	6,919
24	52.67	50.25	51.46	Under $36,000	6,706
25	51.36	48.68	50.02	Under $36,000	7,063
26	53.49	50.69	52.09	Under $36,000	6,053
27	54.73	51.95	53.34	Under $36,000	5,924
28	52.91	50.39	51.65	Under $36,000	6,223
29	52.38	49.57	50.98	Under $36,000	5,528
30	50.17	47.45	48.81	Under $36,000	6,681
31	55.29	52.30	53.79	Under $36,000	4,731
32	53.23	50.35	51.79	Under $36,000	5,700
33	53.24	50	51.62	Under $36,000	4,752
34	52.36	49.20	50.78	Under $36,000	4,691
35	52.14	49.08	50.61	Under $36,000	5,529
36	54.12	50.69	52.40	Under $36,000	4,555
37	54.65	51.47	53.06	Under $36,000	4,642
38	53.78	50.64	52.21	Under $36,000	4,938
39	54.50	51.51	53	Under $36,000	4,611
40	52.99	49.73	51.36	Under $36,000	6,618
41	55.71	52.75	54.23	Under $36,000	4,455
42	54.61	51.90	53.25	Under $36,000	5,733
43	54.33	51.56	52.94	Under $36,000	5,372
44	54.47	51.49	52.98	Under $36,000	5,189
45	53.27	50.33	51.80	Under $36,000	6,527
46	55.18	52.57	53.88	Under $36,000	6,045
47	54.12	51.59	52.86	Under $36,000	6,707
48	54.03	51.57	52.80	Under $36,000	6,953
49	54.42	52.06	53.24	Under $36,000	7,042
50	53.07	50.81	51.94	Under $36,000	10,011
51	53.93	51.52	52.73	Under $36,000	7,427
52	52.93	50.67	51.80	Under $36,000	8,981
53	55.09	52.74	53.91	Under $36,000	8,714
54	52.99	50.89	51.94	Under $36,000	8,689
55	51.01	48.87	49.94	Under $36,000	9,693
56	52.04	49.90	50.97	Under $36,000	8,864
57	50.45	48.40	49.42	Under $36,000	9,277
58	49.84	47.68	48.76	Under $36,000	9,288
59	48.38	46.25	47.31	Under $36,000	9,063
60	45.55	43.62	44.58	Under $36,000	10,818
61	44.79	42.67	43.73	Under $36,000	8,640
62	41.42	39.51	40.46	Under $36,000	10,575
63	40.55	38.58	39.57	Under $36,000	9,326
64	39.20	37.33	38.26	Under $36,000	9,254
65	34.45	32.50	33.48	Under $36,000	10,658
66	33.92	31.90	32.91	Under $36,000	8,864
67	32.36	30.44	31.40	Under $36,000	9,134
68	31.19	29.30	30.24	Under $36,000	8,785
69	29.65	27.76	28.70	Under $36,000	8,313
70	28.37	26.62	27.50	Under $36,000	9,983
71	27.34	25.33	26.33	Under $36,000	7,929
72	26.76	24.90	25.83	Under $36,000	8,641
73	25.98	24.09	25.04	Under $36,000	8,056
74	25.45	23.48	24.47	Under $36,000	7,672
75	24.57	22.78	23.67	Under $36,000	8,431
76	24.04	22.05	23.04	Under $36,000	7,200
77	24.40	22.34	23.37	Under $36,000	7,086
78	22.54	20.66	21.60	Under $36,000	6,934
79	22.78	20.77	21.77	Under $36,000	6,361
80	20.92	19.25	20.08	Under $36,000	7,738
81	21.15	19.12	20.14	Under $36,000	5,810
82	19.62	17.67	18.64	Under $36,000	6,007
83	21.44	19.26	20.35	Under $36,000	5,351
84	19.70	17.51	18.60	Under $36,000	4,790
85	19.11	16.83	17.97	Under $36,000	4,519
86	19.12	16.61	17.87	Under $36,000	3,537
87	18.55	15.88	17.21	Under $36,000	2,963
88	16.64	13.84	15.24	Under $36,000	2,612
89	17.29	14.05	15.67	Under $36,000	1,946
90	17.02	13.55	15.29	Under $36,000	1,694
91	17.85	13.42	15.64	Under $36,000	1,036
92	15.91	11.20	13.56	Under $36,000	804
93	18.20	12.34	15.27	Under $36,000	550
94	14.39	7.43	10.91	Under $36,000	330
18	43.79	40.81	42.30	$36,000 to $89,999	4,364
19	45.71	42.71	44.21	$36,000 to $89,999	3,583
20	47.20	43.96	45.58	$36,000 to $89,999	3,493
21	48.18	45.16	46.67	$36,000 to $89,999	3,784
22	47.84	44.79	46.32	$36,000 to $89,999	3,923
23	48.15	45.36	46.75	$36,000 to $89,999	4,620
24	48.57	45.74	47.15	$36,000 to $89,999	5,043
25	49.26	46.78	48.02	$36,000 to $89,999	5,862
26	48.67	46.04	47.35	$36,000 to $89,999	5,797
27	48.79	46.25	47.52	$36,000 to $89,999	6,292
28	48.09	45.80	46.95	$36,000 to $89,999	6,927
29	49.16	46.78	47.97	$36,000 to $89,999	7,015
30	47.84	45.62	46.73	$36,000 to $89,999	8,200
31	49.72	47.33	48.52	$36,000 to $89,999	7,013
32	50.37	48.15	49.26	$36,000 to $89,999	7,804
33	49.66	47.37	48.52	$36,000 to $89,999	7,247
34	48.86	46.51	47.69	$36,000 to $89,999	7,327
35	48.16	45.99	47.07	$36,000 to $89,999	8,051
36	47.41	45.17	46.29	$36,000 to $89,999	7,315
37	49.32	47.14	48.23	$36,000 to $89,999	7,369
38	49.04	46.78	47.91	$36,000 to $89,999	7,841
39	48.69	46.36	47.53	$36,000 to $89,999	7,598
40	48.19	46.17	47.18	$36,000 to $89,999	9,581
41	48.09	45.91	47	$36,000 to $89,999	7,717
42	47.54	45.51	46.53	$36,000 to $89,999	9,233
43	47.62	45.40	46.51	$36,000 to $89,999	8,505
44	47.54	45.38	46.46	$36,000 to $89,999	8,224
45	44.81	42.87	43.84	$36,000 to $89,999	9,674
46	45.94	43.86	44.90	$36,000 to $89,999	8,882
47	46.02	44.02	45.02	$36,000 to $89,999	9,844
48	45.56	43.62	44.59	$36,000 to $89,999	9,890
49	44.96	42.94	43.95	$36,000 to $89,999	10,166
50	42.80	41.09	41.94	$36,000 to $89,999	13,299
51	44.13	42.17	43.15	$36,000 to $89,999	10,334
52	43.70	41.98	42.84	$36,000 to $89,999	12,410
53	43.11	41.19	42.15	$36,000 to $89,999	11,526
54	42.50	40.69	41.60	$36,000 to $89,999	11,828
55	40.85	39.19	40.02	$36,000 to $89,999	13,125
56	40.67	38.89	39.78	$36,000 to $89,999	12,398
57	39	37.19	38.09	$36,000 to $89,999	12,498
58	38.78	37	37.89	$36,000 to $89,999	12,866
59	37.44	35.78	36.61	$36,000 to $89,999	12,816
60	35.27	33.74	34.51	$36,000 to $89,999	15,018
61	33.56	31.75	32.66	$36,000 to $89,999	12,246
62	31.63	30.15	30.89	$36,000 to $89,999	15,295
63	30.09	28.54	29.32	$36,000 to $89,999	13,621
64	27.25	25.73	26.49	$36,000 to $89,999	13,874
65	25.62	24.20	24.91	$36,000 to $89,999	15,045
66	23.88	22.26	23.07	$36,000 to $89,999	12,317
67	23.34	21.79	22.57	$36,000 to $89,999	12,221
68	21.24	19.67	20.46	$36,000 to $89,999	11,116
69	21.03	19.44	20.23	$36,000 to $89,999	10,156
70	20.28	18.83	19.56	$36,000 to $89,999	11,673
71	18.82	17.10	17.96	$36,000 to $89,999	8,654
72	19.06	17.47	18.27	$36,000 to $89,999	8,913
73	18.29	16.59	17.44	$36,000 to $89,999	7,615
74	18.30	16.54	17.42	$36,000 to $89,999	6,939
75	18.40	16.67	17.53	$36,000 to $89,999	7,506
76	18.43	16.44	17.43	$36,000 to $89,999	5,879
77	18.42	16.44	17.43	$36,000 to $89,999	5,714
78	17.04	15.12	16.08	$36,000 to $89,999	5,317
79	17.60	15.50	16.55	$36,000 to $89,999	4,672
80	17.10	15.06	16.08	$36,000 to $89,999	5,273
81	17.40	15.02	16.21	$36,000 to $89,999	3,831
82	18.03	15.53	16.78	$36,000 to $89,999	3,684
83	16.55	13.99	15.27	$36,000 to $89,999	3,261
84	17.14	14.53	15.84	$36,000 to $89,999	2,728
85	17.96	15.18	16.57	$36,000 to $89,999	2,638
86	16.64	13.42	15.03	$36,000 to $89,999	1,883
87	16.31	13.03	14.67	$36,000 to $89,999	1,602
88	17.03	13.17	15.10	$36,000 to $89,999	1,344
89	14.91	10.50	12.71	$36,000 to $89,999	905
90	17.42	11.94	14.68	$36,000 to $89,999	797
91	15.24	9.52	12.38	$36,000 to $89,999	525
92	15.21	9.12	12.17	$36,000 to $89,999	411
93	15.79	7.19	11.49	$36,000 to $89,999	235
94	14.13	5.68	9.90	$36,000 to $89,999	202
18	44.68	40.75	42.72	$90,000 or more	2,774
19	47.48	43.21	45.34	$90,000 or more	2,062
20	48.50	44.03	46.27	$90,000 or more	1,848
21	47.79	43.03	45.41	$90,000 or more	1,852
22	49.17	44.11	46.64	$90,000 or more	1,668
23	48.76	44.01	46.38	$90,000 or more	1,673
24	50.84	46.18	48.51	$90,000 or more	1,573
25	50.06	45.28	47.67	$90,000 or more	1,760
26	51.09	45.93	48.51	$90,000 or more	1,713
27	51.51	47.05	49.28	$90,000 or more	2,078
28	49.13	45.35	47.24	$90,000 or more	2,392
29	50.25	46.68	48.46	$90,000 or more	2,703
30	47.74	44.49	46.11	$90,000 or more	3,307
31	50.96	47.65	49.31	$90,000 or more	3,320
32	49.63	46.38	48	$90,000 or more	3,831
33	50.03	46.89	48.46	$90,000 or more	3,896
34	48.69	45.69	47.19	$90,000 or more	4,141
35	48.41	45.67	47.04	$90,000 or more	4,913
36	48.57	45.62	47.09	$90,000 or more	4,629
37	49.10	46.40	47.75	$90,000 or more	4,930
38	49.50	46.64	48.07	$90,000 or more	5,307
39	48.35	45.74	47.05	$90,000 or more	5,569
40	47.18	44.58	45.88	$90,000 or more	6,724
41	48.54	45.81	47.18	$90,000 or more	5,700
42	47.50	45.10	46.30	$90,000 or more	7,019
43	48.48	46.12	47.30	$90,000 or more	6,488
44	46.08	43.66	44.87	$90,000 or more	6,361
45	44.60	42.37	43.49	$90,000 or more	7,299
46	45.72	43.34	44.53	$90,000 or more	7,018
47	44.92	42.56	43.74	$90,000 or more	7,298
48	44.42	42.29	43.36	$90,000 or more	7,676
49	44.67	42.52	43.59	$90,000 or more	7,671
50	43.44	41.38	42.41	$90,000 or more	9,555
51	44.27	41.93	43.10	$90,000 or more	7,506
52	42	39.90	40.95	$90,000 or more	8,918
53	41.81	39.59	40.70	$90,000 or more	8,491
54	40.47	38.43	39.45	$90,000 or more	8,289
55	40.58	38.57	39.57	$90,000 or more	9,155
56	39.55	37.46	38.51	$90,000 or more	8,209
57	39.78	37.51	38.64	$90,000 or more	8,304
58	38.87	36.78	37.82	$90,000 or more	8,323
59	36.45	34.27	35.36	$90,000 or more	7,995
60	34.92	32.96	33.94	$90,000 or more	9,016
61	33.04	30.73	31.88	$90,000 or more	7,076
62	31.11	28.98	30.04	$90,000 or more	8,188
63	30.61	28.40	29.51	$90,000 or more	7,090
64	28.13	25.94	27.03	$90,000 or more	6,714
65	25.65	23.57	24.61	$90,000 or more	6,920
66	24.01	21.79	22.90	$90,000 or more	5,529
67	22.03	19.83	20.93	$90,000 or more	5,274
68	22.24	19.80	21.02	$90,000 or more	4,700
69	20.58	17.99	19.28	$90,000 or more	3,952
70	20.03	17.68	18.85	$90,000 or more	4,429
71	19.54	16.83	18.18	$90,000 or more	3,102
72	19.07	16.49	17.78	$90,000 or more	3,099
73	18.99	16.16	17.57	$90,000 or more	2,686
74	19.07	15.94	17.51	$90,000 or more	2,302
75	19.18	16.11	17.64	$90,000 or more	2,369
76	18.34	15.09	16.71	$90,000 or more	1,843
77	19.96	16.33	18.15	$90,000 or more	1,802
78	19.43	15.76	17.60	$90,000 or more	1,597
79	18.95	14.70	16.83	$90,000 or more	1,337
80	18.93	15.29	17.11	$90,000 or more	1,613
81	18.88	14.37	16.62	$90,000 or more	1,131
82	17.11	13.21	15.16	$90,000 or more	1,141
83	19.31	14.43	16.87	$90,000 or more	913
84	17.38	12.53	14.96	$90,000 or more	789
85	16.51	11.41	13.96	$90,000 or more	738
86	16.47	10.40	13.43	$90,000 or more	536
87	21.38	14.63	18	$90,000 or more	461
88	19.06	12.08	15.57	$90,000 or more	411
89	16.62	8.98	12.80	$90,000 or more	289
90	19.99	11.31	15.65	$90,000 or more	262
91	14.52	6.29	10.40	$90,000 or more	173
92	21.53	8.09	14.81	$90,000 or more	135
93	27.23	9.39	18.31	$90,000 or more	71
94	17.02	1.49	9.26	$90,000 or more	54

Table 4.4. Physical pain

Physical pain was 41.2% at ages 45 to 54 in households under $36,000, against 15.7% in households of $90,000 or more

Share of adults who reported physical pain during a lot of the day yesterday by year of age and household income group, Gallup 2009 to 2014

age	conf_high	conf_low	estimate	group	n
18	17.91	15.95	16.93	Under $36,000	5,807
19	17.74	15.88	16.81	Under $36,000	5,973
20	18.67	16.61	17.64	Under $36,000	6,729
21	17.60	15.85	16.73	Under $36,000	7,360
22	18.54	16.64	17.59	Under $36,000	6,998
23	18.65	16.75	17.70	Under $36,000	6,921
24	19.76	17.84	18.80	Under $36,000	6,703
25	20.67	18.80	19.74	Under $36,000	7,067
26	22.10	20.03	21.07	Under $36,000	6,057
27	23.33	21.09	22.21	Under $36,000	5,920
28	23.29	21.23	22.26	Under $36,000	6,222
29	25.07	22.96	24.02	Under $36,000	5,525
30	25.03	22.95	23.99	Under $36,000	6,678
31	27.36	24.83	26.09	Under $36,000	4,729
32	27.74	25.28	26.51	Under $36,000	5,696
33	27.43	24.75	26.09	Under $36,000	4,757
34	29.10	26.46	27.78	Under $36,000	4,690
35	29.66	27.12	28.39	Under $36,000	5,533
36	30.98	28.07	29.52	Under $36,000	4,559
37	32.81	30.18	31.50	Under $36,000	4,645
38	32.73	29.92	31.32	Under $36,000	4,945
39	33.02	30.10	31.56	Under $36,000	4,613
40	32.95	30.17	31.56	Under $36,000	6,619
41	34.87	32.13	33.50	Under $36,000	4,454
42	35.14	32.54	33.84	Under $36,000	5,739
43	36.54	33.93	35.24	Under $36,000	5,375
44	38.22	35.36	36.79	Under $36,000	5,197
45	37.54	35.07	36.30	Under $36,000	6,523
46	39.68	37.09	38.38	Under $36,000	6,052
47	40.48	37.88	39.18	Under $36,000	6,702
48	41.54	39.11	40.32	Under $36,000	6,954
49	42.11	39.48	40.79	Under $36,000	7,038
50	41.56	39.42	40.49	Under $36,000	10,005
51	44.02	41.42	42.72	Under $36,000	7,432
52	43.62	41.17	42.39	Under $36,000	8,978
53	45.41	43.02	44.21	Under $36,000	8,712
54	45.59	43.44	44.52	Under $36,000	8,691
55	44.46	42.42	43.44	Under $36,000	9,689
56	46.17	43.93	45.05	Under $36,000	8,865
57	45.34	43.14	44.24	Under $36,000	9,272
58	46.29	44.22	45.26	Under $36,000	9,285
59	45.31	43.08	44.20	Under $36,000	9,055
60	44.69	42.67	43.68	Under $36,000	10,823
61	43.89	41.68	42.79	Under $36,000	8,636
62	43.03	41.01	42.02	Under $36,000	10,576
63	42.94	40.85	41.89	Under $36,000	9,331
64	41.57	39.62	40.59	Under $36,000	9,250
65	38.84	36.99	37.91	Under $36,000	10,653
66	37.90	35.85	36.88	Under $36,000	8,862
67	38.15	36.10	37.13	Under $36,000	9,139
68	36.90	34.79	35.84	Under $36,000	8,774
69	35.74	33.67	34.71	Under $36,000	8,307
70	34.02	32.09	33.06	Under $36,000	9,968
71	34.57	32.50	33.54	Under $36,000	7,932
72	33.49	31.48	32.48	Under $36,000	8,644
73	33.95	31.93	32.94	Under $36,000	8,045
74	33.06	30.92	31.99	Under $36,000	7,671
75	32.96	30.85	31.91	Under $36,000	8,412
76	33.11	30.96	32.04	Under $36,000	7,198
77	32.68	30.45	31.56	Under $36,000	7,084
78	31.62	29.43	30.53	Under $36,000	6,922
79	32.48	30.16	31.32	Under $36,000	6,347
80	30.38	28.30	29.34	Under $36,000	7,739
81	31.60	29.19	30.40	Under $36,000	5,810
82	31.77	29.45	30.61	Under $36,000	6,005
83	32.32	29.88	31.10	Under $36,000	5,341
84	32.11	29.42	30.76	Under $36,000	4,785
85	31.10	28.40	29.75	Under $36,000	4,511
86	31.21	28.04	29.63	Under $36,000	3,534
87	32.20	28.94	30.57	Under $36,000	2,957
88	29.28	25.88	27.58	Under $36,000	2,607
89	31.21	27.08	29.14	Under $36,000	1,956
90	28.86	24.78	26.82	Under $36,000	1,689
91	31.95	26.14	29.04	Under $36,000	1,033
92	32.68	26.27	29.48	Under $36,000	804
93	33.81	25.93	29.87	Under $36,000	549
94	30.24	20.52	25.38	Under $36,000	331
18	15.12	13.01	14.07	$36,000 to $89,999	4,365
19	15.22	13.04	14.13	$36,000 to $89,999	3,581
20	16.26	13.95	15.11	$36,000 to $89,999	3,495
21	15.29	12.97	14.13	$36,000 to $89,999	3,786
22	15.28	13.12	14.20	$36,000 to $89,999	3,922
23	13.89	11.99	12.94	$36,000 to $89,999	4,620
24	14.15	12.14	13.14	$36,000 to $89,999	5,044
25	13.35	11.73	12.54	$36,000 to $89,999	5,863
26	13.14	11.39	12.26	$36,000 to $89,999	5,797
27	14.23	12.53	13.38	$36,000 to $89,999	6,294
28	13.47	12.03	12.75	$36,000 to $89,999	6,927
29	13.95	12.22	13.08	$36,000 to $89,999	7,016
30	14.37	12.80	13.59	$36,000 to $89,999	8,200
31	15.60	13.95	14.77	$36,000 to $89,999	7,013
32	15.37	13.76	14.56	$36,000 to $89,999	7,807
33	15.89	14.22	15.06	$36,000 to $89,999	7,253
34	15.59	13.94	14.77	$36,000 to $89,999	7,328
35	15.40	13.86	14.63	$36,000 to $89,999	8,051
36	17	15.17	16.09	$36,000 to $89,999	7,316
37	18.10	16.38	17.24	$36,000 to $89,999	7,372
38	16	14.44	15.22	$36,000 to $89,999	7,846
39	17.70	15.92	16.81	$36,000 to $89,999	7,602
40	17.53	16.06	16.80	$36,000 to $89,999	9,585
41	17.89	16.26	17.07	$36,000 to $89,999	7,719
42	18.82	17.14	17.98	$36,000 to $89,999	9,238
43	19.61	17.92	18.76	$36,000 to $89,999	8,511
44	19.71	17.94	18.82	$36,000 to $89,999	8,229
45	19.51	17.88	18.69	$36,000 to $89,999	9,677
46	21.56	19.88	20.72	$36,000 to $89,999	8,881
47	22	20.28	21.14	$36,000 to $89,999	9,844
48	22.99	21.27	22.13	$36,000 to $89,999	9,891
49	23.45	21.77	22.61	$36,000 to $89,999	10,168
50	23.09	21.64	22.36	$36,000 to $89,999	13,299
51	24.38	22.57	23.47	$36,000 to $89,999	10,336
52	23.41	21.92	22.67	$36,000 to $89,999	12,415
53	24.67	23.15	23.91	$36,000 to $89,999	11,525
54	25.20	23.59	24.39	$36,000 to $89,999	11,824
55	24.61	23.13	23.87	$36,000 to $89,999	13,130
56	25.59	24.12	24.85	$36,000 to $89,999	12,400
57	26.06	24.48	25.27	$36,000 to $89,999	12,493
58	25.83	24.20	25.02	$36,000 to $89,999	12,871
59	25.39	23.83	24.61	$36,000 to $89,999	12,819
60	25.20	23.85	24.53	$36,000 to $89,999	15,021
61	27.04	25.45	26.25	$36,000 to $89,999	12,246
62	25.61	24.16	24.88	$36,000 to $89,999	15,295
63	26.18	24.63	25.41	$36,000 to $89,999	13,610
64	24.12	22.70	23.41	$36,000 to $89,999	13,870
65	23.52	22.13	22.83	$36,000 to $89,999	15,044
66	24.08	22.60	23.34	$36,000 to $89,999	12,317
67	24.42	22.97	23.70	$36,000 to $89,999	12,220
68	23.68	21.98	22.83	$36,000 to $89,999	11,109
69	23.44	21.87	22.65	$36,000 to $89,999	10,149
70	22.62	21.09	21.86	$36,000 to $89,999	11,667
71	23.28	21.45	22.36	$36,000 to $89,999	8,652
72	22.80	21.17	21.99	$36,000 to $89,999	8,919
73	23.05	21.22	22.14	$36,000 to $89,999	7,621
74	22.12	20.17	21.14	$36,000 to $89,999	6,934
75	22.92	20.94	21.93	$36,000 to $89,999	7,501
76	23.94	21.83	22.88	$36,000 to $89,999	5,873
77	24.46	22.09	23.28	$36,000 to $89,999	5,705
78	23.18	20.95	22.07	$36,000 to $89,999	5,316
79	24.39	22.07	23.23	$36,000 to $89,999	4,667
80	23.13	20.94	22.04	$36,000 to $89,999	5,268
81	24.62	22.06	23.34	$36,000 to $89,999	3,826
82	25.80	22.99	24.40	$36,000 to $89,999	3,681
83	24.40	21.40	22.90	$36,000 to $89,999	3,262
84	24.12	20.77	22.45	$36,000 to $89,999	2,722
85	24.94	21.61	23.28	$36,000 to $89,999	2,638
86	24.74	21.06	22.90	$36,000 to $89,999	1,878
87	28.47	24.18	26.33	$36,000 to $89,999	1,603
88	25.41	21.32	23.36	$36,000 to $89,999	1,344
89	25.88	20.54	23.21	$36,000 to $89,999	909
90	23.56	17.65	20.60	$36,000 to $89,999	796
91	26.74	19.94	23.34	$36,000 to $89,999	527
92	30.40	22.28	26.34	$36,000 to $89,999	410
93	26.71	16.51	21.61	$36,000 to $89,999	236
94	28.32	16.23	22.28	$36,000 to $89,999	202
18	15.50	13.06	14.28	$90,000 or more	2,773
19	14.82	12.01	13.41	$90,000 or more	2,065
20	14.25	10.96	12.60	$90,000 or more	1,849
21	13.02	10.11	11.56	$90,000 or more	1,851
22	15.35	12	13.68	$90,000 or more	1,667
23	14.13	10.98	12.55	$90,000 or more	1,673
24	14.32	10.86	12.59	$90,000 or more	1,573
25	14.73	11.52	13.12	$90,000 or more	1,760
26	12.78	9.87	11.33	$90,000 or more	1,713
27	11.86	9.14	10.50	$90,000 or more	2,077
28	12.44	9.62	11.03	$90,000 or more	2,393
29	11.81	9.43	10.62	$90,000 or more	2,702
30	11.59	9.59	10.59	$90,000 or more	3,305
31	11.45	9.33	10.39	$90,000 or more	3,320
32	11.21	9.14	10.17	$90,000 or more	3,833
33	12.45	10.49	11.47	$90,000 or more	3,896
34	11.62	9.69	10.65	$90,000 or more	4,139
35	12.21	10.54	11.38	$90,000 or more	4,914
36	12.63	10.77	11.70	$90,000 or more	4,633
37	11.49	9.88	10.69	$90,000 or more	4,932
38	12.72	10.98	11.85	$90,000 or more	5,308
39	12.14	10.58	11.36	$90,000 or more	5,571
40	11.95	10.29	11.12	$90,000 or more	6,728
41	13.42	11.67	12.54	$90,000 or more	5,700
42	13.18	11.60	12.39	$90,000 or more	7,022
43	14.05	12.39	13.22	$90,000 or more	6,490
44	14.74	13.07	13.90	$90,000 or more	6,365
45	14.48	12.88	13.68	$90,000 or more	7,302
46	14.57	12.85	13.71	$90,000 or more	7,016
47	15.64	14.04	14.84	$90,000 or more	7,297
48	16.11	14.53	15.32	$90,000 or more	7,676
49	16.34	14.66	15.50	$90,000 or more	7,665
50	16.93	15.30	16.12	$90,000 or more	9,555
51	18.26	16.45	17.36	$90,000 or more	7,507
52	17.51	15.88	16.69	$90,000 or more	8,919
53	17.11	15.62	16.36	$90,000 or more	8,500
54	17.52	15.92	16.72	$90,000 or more	8,288
55	18.80	17.06	17.93	$90,000 or more	9,154
56	19.29	17.56	18.42	$90,000 or more	8,212
57	19.03	17.26	18.15	$90,000 or more	8,305
58	19.65	18.02	18.83	$90,000 or more	8,320
59	20.06	18.36	19.21	$90,000 or more	7,997
60	19.57	17.98	18.78	$90,000 or more	9,022
61	19.82	18.06	18.94	$90,000 or more	7,081
62	19.92	18.11	19.02	$90,000 or more	8,193
63	19.83	17.95	18.89	$90,000 or more	7,090
64	20.25	18.32	19.29	$90,000 or more	6,720
65	18.39	16.57	17.48	$90,000 or more	6,917
66	20.33	18.22	19.28	$90,000 or more	5,525
67	18.73	16.64	17.69	$90,000 or more	5,275
68	18.53	16.35	17.44	$90,000 or more	4,702
69	20.83	18.30	19.56	$90,000 or more	3,951
70	18.96	16.62	17.79	$90,000 or more	4,429
71	20.28	17.55	18.92	$90,000 or more	3,103
72	20.08	17.31	18.70	$90,000 or more	3,097
73	21.54	18.51	20.02	$90,000 or more	2,687
74	21.43	18.26	19.84	$90,000 or more	2,298
75	20.03	16.68	18.35	$90,000 or more	2,370
76	21.25	17.64	19.45	$90,000 or more	1,841
77	23.29	19.35	21.32	$90,000 or more	1,801
78	23.61	19.50	21.55	$90,000 or more	1,596
79	21.56	16.97	19.27	$90,000 or more	1,339
80	21.83	17.89	19.86	$90,000 or more	1,611
81	23.94	19.35	21.64	$90,000 or more	1,132
82	22.56	17.93	20.25	$90,000 or more	1,136
83	27.41	21.60	24.51	$90,000 or more	910
84	24.55	19.05	21.80	$90,000 or more	789
85	24.94	18.69	21.82	$90,000 or more	738
86	23.72	16.51	20.11	$90,000 or more	532
87	29.98	21.76	25.87	$90,000 or more	460
88	31.77	23.70	27.74	$90,000 or more	411
89	25.96	16.40	21.18	$90,000 or more	288
90	27.09	17.36	22.22	$90,000 or more	261
91	27.75	16.43	22.09	$90,000 or more	172
92	34.34	18.99	26.67	$90,000 or more	135
93	31.19	11.06	21.13	$90,000 or more	71
94	33.43	11.01	22.22	$90,000 or more	54

Note: Each age is a different group of people interviewed in the same years, so a profile mixes age with birth cohort and does not follow anyone through life.

Note: Cells at the oldest ages hold fewer interviews, so their intervals are wider; the extract has no interviews above age 94.

Note: This figure uses interviews in 2009 to 2014. The share of income reporters at $90,000 or more was 23% in 2014 and 35% in 2017, more than inflation explains, so household income is not comparable across 2015 to 2017. 81% of interviews in 2009 to 2014 report a household income bracket. Gallup's brackets are in dollars of the interview year and are not adjusted for inflation; the groups are the harmonized six brackets collapsed to three.

Source: Gallup U.S. Daily, 2009-2014 (household income is not comparable across 2015-2017); unweighted, intervals clustered by county

Data: vishalsingh.org/zipcode/report/well-being-across-the-life-span/figures/profiles_by_income.json

Table 5. Adjusting for household income moves the lowest point of the ladder profile from age 54 to age 48 with overlapping intervals, and a quadratic fit puts it at age 44, so no single age is the turning point

Cantril ladder score by year of age, raw and adjusted, the age of its lowest point under different adjustments and for groups, and the fall and rise between age bands, Gallup 2009 to 2017

Table 5.1. Raw and adjusted profiles

Adjusting for sex, marital status, education, household income and survey year deepens the fall from ages 25 to 34 to ages 45 to 54 to −0.32 ladder points from −0.20

Cantril ladder score by year of age, raw and adjusted for sex, marital status, education, household income and survey year, adults with all of these reported, Gallup 2009 to 2014

age	conf_high	conf_low	estimate	group	n
18	7.30	7.23	7.27	Raw	12,653
19	7.17	7.10	7.13	Raw	11,389
20	7.09	7.03	7.06	Raw	11,795
21	7.07	7.01	7.04	Raw	12,694
22	7.01	6.94	6.98	Raw	12,286
23	6.94	6.88	6.91	Raw	12,871
24	6.91	6.83	6.87	Raw	12,949
25	6.96	6.90	6.93	Raw	14,254
26	6.94	6.87	6.90	Raw	13,185
27	6.96	6.90	6.93	Raw	13,893
28	6.99	6.93	6.96	Raw	15,054
29	6.99	6.92	6.96	Raw	14,739
30	7.00	6.95	6.98	Raw	17,613
31	7.03	6.97	7.00	Raw	14,543
32	7.00	6.93	6.97	Raw	16,745
33	7.03	6.97	7.00	Raw	15,325
34	7.02	6.96	6.99	Raw	15,611
35	7.02	6.96	6.99	Raw	17,824
36	7.02	6.96	6.99	Raw	15,895
37	6.98	6.92	6.95	Raw	16,277
38	6.98	6.92	6.95	Raw	17,359
39	7.00	6.94	6.97	Raw	17,119
40	6.95	6.89	6.92	Raw	22,087
41	6.96	6.90	6.93	Raw	17,268
42	6.89	6.84	6.87	Raw	21,197
43	6.86	6.80	6.83	Raw	19,594
44	6.88	6.82	6.85	Raw	19,040
45	6.86	6.80	6.83	Raw	22,646
46	6.81	6.75	6.78	Raw	21,122
47	6.79	6.73	6.76	Raw	22,931
48	6.78	6.73	6.75	Raw	23,652
49	6.78	6.72	6.75	Raw	23,942
50	6.77	6.71	6.74	Raw	31,687
51	6.80	6.74	6.77	Raw	24,325
52	6.77	6.71	6.74	Raw	29,269
53	6.75	6.70	6.72	Raw	27,701
54	6.77	6.72	6.75	Raw	27,744
55	6.77	6.72	6.75	Raw	30,907
56	6.76	6.71	6.73	Raw	28,442
57	6.79	6.74	6.77	Raw	29,066
58	6.82	6.76	6.79	Raw	29,341
59	6.88	6.82	6.85	Raw	28,808
60	6.92	6.88	6.90	Raw	33,569
61	6.99	6.93	6.96	Raw	26,962
62	7.03	6.98	7.00	Raw	32,851
63	7.05	7.00	7.03	Raw	29,174
64	7.12	7.08	7.10	Raw	28,851
65	7.16	7.11	7.14	Raw	31,582
66	7.22	7.17	7.19	Raw	25,857
67	7.23	7.18	7.21	Raw	25,770
68	7.24	7.19	7.22	Raw	23,753
69	7.27	7.21	7.24	Raw	21,674
70	7.29	7.24	7.27	Raw	25,178
71	7.30	7.24	7.27	Raw	19,021
72	7.30	7.23	7.27	Raw	19,910
73	7.29	7.23	7.26	Raw	17,652
74	7.33	7.26	7.29	Raw	16,282
75	7.31	7.25	7.28	Raw	17,652
76	7.29	7.22	7.25	Raw	14,355
77	7.33	7.26	7.29	Raw	13,990
78	7.33	7.26	7.30	Raw	13,249
79	7.33	7.26	7.30	Raw	11,898
80	7.38	7.31	7.35	Raw	13,990
81	7.38	7.30	7.34	Raw	10,362
82	7.37	7.29	7.33	Raw	10,372
83	7.32	7.23	7.27	Raw	9,106
84	7.39	7.30	7.34	Raw	7,941
85	7.36	7.27	7.31	Raw	7,534
86	7.41	7.30	7.36	Raw	5,655
87	7.41	7.29	7.35	Raw	4,787
88	7.39	7.26	7.33	Raw	4,116
89	7.45	7.30	7.37	Raw	2,983
90	7.51	7.33	7.42	Raw	2,596
91	7.66	7.46	7.57	Raw	1,626
92	7.56	7.32	7.44	Raw	1,256
93	7.59	7.28	7.43	Raw	802
94	7.67	7.31	7.50	Raw	548
18	7.60	7.53	7.56	Adjusted	12,653
19	7.54	7.47	7.50	Adjusted	11,389
20	7.50	7.43	7.47	Adjusted	11,795
21	7.47	7.40	7.44	Adjusted	12,694
22	7.34	7.26	7.30	Adjusted	12,286
23	7.20	7.14	7.17	Adjusted	12,871
24	7.13	7.05	7.09	Adjusted	12,949
25	7.14	7.08	7.11	Adjusted	14,254
26	7.07	7.01	7.04	Adjusted	13,185
27	7.05	7.00	7.02	Adjusted	13,893
28	7.05	6.99	7.02	Adjusted	15,054
29	6.99	6.93	6.96	Adjusted	14,739
30	7.00	6.94	6.97	Adjusted	17,613
31	6.96	6.89	6.92	Adjusted	14,543
32	6.93	6.87	6.90	Adjusted	16,745
33	6.92	6.86	6.89	Adjusted	15,325
34	6.90	6.84	6.87	Adjusted	15,611
35	6.90	6.84	6.87	Adjusted	17,824
36	6.88	6.82	6.85	Adjusted	15,895
37	6.83	6.77	6.80	Adjusted	16,277
38	6.83	6.78	6.80	Adjusted	17,359
39	6.82	6.76	6.79	Adjusted	17,119
40	6.82	6.76	6.79	Adjusted	22,087
41	6.78	6.72	6.75	Adjusted	17,268
42	6.73	6.67	6.70	Adjusted	21,197
43	6.70	6.64	6.67	Adjusted	19,594
44	6.72	6.67	6.70	Adjusted	19,040
45	6.72	6.67	6.69	Adjusted	22,646
46	6.67	6.61	6.64	Adjusted	21,122
47	6.67	6.61	6.64	Adjusted	22,931
48	6.66	6.60	6.63	Adjusted	23,652
49	6.67	6.61	6.64	Adjusted	23,942
50	6.67	6.63	6.65	Adjusted	31,687
51	6.69	6.64	6.67	Adjusted	24,325
52	6.67	6.63	6.65	Adjusted	29,269
53	6.66	6.61	6.64	Adjusted	27,701
54	6.68	6.63	6.66	Adjusted	27,744
55	6.68	6.64	6.66	Adjusted	30,907
56	6.68	6.63	6.65	Adjusted	28,442
57	6.71	6.66	6.69	Adjusted	29,066
58	6.74	6.69	6.71	Adjusted	29,341
59	6.80	6.75	6.77	Adjusted	28,808
60	6.85	6.80	6.83	Adjusted	33,569
61	6.92	6.87	6.89	Adjusted	26,962
62	6.96	6.92	6.94	Adjusted	32,851
63	7.00	6.95	6.97	Adjusted	29,174
64	7.07	7.03	7.05	Adjusted	28,851
65	7.13	7.09	7.11	Adjusted	31,582
66	7.20	7.15	7.17	Adjusted	25,857
67	7.23	7.18	7.20	Adjusted	25,770
68	7.26	7.21	7.23	Adjusted	23,753
69	7.30	7.25	7.28	Adjusted	21,674
70	7.34	7.29	7.32	Adjusted	25,178
71	7.38	7.32	7.35	Adjusted	19,021
72	7.39	7.33	7.36	Adjusted	19,910
73	7.41	7.35	7.38	Adjusted	17,652
74	7.47	7.40	7.43	Adjusted	16,282
75	7.46	7.40	7.43	Adjusted	17,652
76	7.46	7.40	7.43	Adjusted	14,355
77	7.51	7.45	7.48	Adjusted	13,990
78	7.54	7.47	7.50	Adjusted	13,249
79	7.55	7.49	7.52	Adjusted	11,898
80	7.62	7.55	7.59	Adjusted	13,990
81	7.64	7.56	7.60	Adjusted	10,362
82	7.64	7.56	7.60	Adjusted	10,372
83	7.61	7.52	7.57	Adjusted	9,106
84	7.70	7.61	7.66	Adjusted	7,941
85	7.68	7.59	7.63	Adjusted	7,534
86	7.75	7.64	7.70	Adjusted	5,655
87	7.76	7.64	7.70	Adjusted	4,787
88	7.75	7.62	7.69	Adjusted	4,116
89	7.84	7.68	7.76	Adjusted	2,983
90	7.89	7.72	7.80	Adjusted	2,596
91	8.05	7.84	7.94	Adjusted	1,626
92	7.94	7.70	7.82	Adjusted	1,256
93	7.99	7.69	7.84	Adjusted	802
94	8.04	7.67	7.86	Adjusted	548

Table 5.2. Age of the lowest point

The lowest point of the ladder profile is at age 54 raw and 48 adjusted for five controls, and a quadratic fit puts it at 44 raw and 47 adjusted

Age of the lowest point of the five-year moving average of the mean ladder score by year of age, or the turning age of a fitted quadratic, with 95% intervals from a bootstrap over counties

age	conf_high	conf_low	group	label	n
53.90	54.30	51.50	Lowest point of the profile	All interviews with a ladder score, raw, 2009 to 2017	2,180,433
54.10	54.60	51	Lowest point of the profile	Interviews with complete controls, raw	1,355,746
54.10	54.60	51.10	Lowest point of the profile	Adjusted for sex	1,355,746
53.90	54.20	48.10	Lowest point of the profile	Adjusted for marital status	1,355,746
54.20	54.70	48.10	Lowest point of the profile	Adjusted for education	1,355,746
48.20	54	47.90	Lowest point of the profile	Adjusted for household income	1,355,746
54.10	54.60	51	Lowest point of the profile	Adjusted for survey year	1,355,746
48.10	53.90	47.80	Lowest point of the profile	Adjusted for all five	1,355,746
54.10	54.60	50.90	Lowest point of the profile	Interviews with a health rating, raw	1,354,627
47.70	48	47	Lowest point of the profile	Adjusted for the five and self-rated health	1,354,627
44.40	44.80	44	Quadratic fit	Raw, quadratic fit	1,355,746
47.10	47.40	46.90	Quadratic fit	Adjusted for all five, quadratic fit	1,355,746
54.40	55	53.90	Within household income groups, 2009 to 2014	Household income under the lower cutoff	485,159
48.20	50.80	47.80	Within household income groups, 2009 to 2014	Household income between the cutoffs	567,870
54.40	55.50	50.80	Within county deprivation thirds	Least deprived third of interviews	718,005
53.90	54.50	52.40	Within county deprivation thirds	Middle third of interviews	730,419
51.10	53.70	48	Within county deprivation thirds	Most deprived third of interviews	731,406

Table 5.3. Fall and rise

The fall in the ladder from ages 25 to 34 to ages 45 to 54 is −0.59 points in households under $36,000 and −0.05 in households of $90,000 or more, where the fall from ages 35 to 44 is −0.07

Change in the mean ladder score between age bands, as the mean of the profile in the later band minus the earlier band, with 95% intervals from a bootstrap over counties

conf_high	conf_low	estimate	group	label	n
−0.189	−0.219	−0.205	Fall, ages 25 to 34 to ages 45 to 54	All adults, raw	1,355,746
−0.150	−0.175	−0.162	Fall, ages 35 to 44 to ages 45 to 54	All adults, raw	1,355,746
0.574	0.541	0.557	Rise, ages 45 to 54 to ages 75 to 94	All adults, raw	1,355,746
−0.303	−0.333	−0.318	Fall, ages 25 to 34 to ages 45 to 54	All adults, adjusted for five controls	1,355,746
−0.106	−0.133	−0.119	Fall, ages 35 to 44 to ages 45 to 54	All adults, adjusted for five controls	1,355,746
0.932	0.898	0.914	Rise, ages 45 to 54 to ages 75 to 94	All adults, adjusted for five controls	1,355,746
−0.559	−0.618	−0.589	Fall, ages 25 to 34 to ages 45 to 54	Household income under the lower cutoff	485,159
−0.242	−0.302	−0.272	Fall, ages 35 to 44 to ages 45 to 54	Household income under the lower cutoff	485,159
1.18	1.13	1.15	Rise, ages 45 to 54 to ages 75 to 94	Household income under the lower cutoff	485,159
−0.255	−0.290	−0.273	Fall, ages 25 to 34 to ages 45 to 54	Household income between the cutoffs	567,870
−0.100	−0.131	−0.116	Fall, ages 35 to 44 to ages 45 to 54	Household income between the cutoffs	567,870
0.713	0.670	0.693	Rise, ages 45 to 54 to ages 75 to 94	Household income between the cutoffs	567,870
−0.029	−0.069	−0.050	Fall, ages 25 to 34 to ages 45 to 54	Household income above the upper cutoff	310,559
−0.051	−0.080	−0.066	Fall, ages 35 to 44 to ages 45 to 54	Household income above the upper cutoff	310,559
0.398	0.332	0.365	Rise, ages 45 to 54 to ages 75 to 94	Household income above the upper cutoff	310,559
−0.366	−0.473	−0.419	Fall, ages 25 to 34 to ages 45 to 54	Under the lower cutoff, 2015 to 2017	126,328
−0.152	−0.268	−0.211	Fall, ages 35 to 44 to ages 45 to 54	Under the lower cutoff, 2015 to 2017	126,328
1.07	0.957	1.01	Rise, ages 45 to 54 to ages 75 to 94	Under the lower cutoff, 2015 to 2017	126,328
−0.141	−0.207	−0.174	Fall, ages 25 to 34 to ages 45 to 54	Between the cutoffs, 2015 to 2017	166,352
−0.059	−0.126	−0.093	Fall, ages 35 to 44 to ages 45 to 54	Between the cutoffs, 2015 to 2017	166,352
0.793	0.723	0.759	Rise, ages 45 to 54 to ages 75 to 94	Between the cutoffs, 2015 to 2017	166,352
0.122	0.065	0.093	Fall, ages 25 to 34 to ages 45 to 54	Above the upper cutoff, 2015 to 2017	139,811
0.008	−0.041	−0.017	Fall, ages 35 to 44 to ages 45 to 54	Above the upper cutoff, 2015 to 2017	139,811
0.490	0.396	0.444	Rise, ages 45 to 54 to ages 75 to 94	Above the upper cutoff, 2015 to 2017	139,811
−0.085	−0.139	−0.113	Fall, ages 25 to 34 to ages 45 to 54	Least deprived third of interviews	718,005
−0.116	−0.151	−0.134	Fall, ages 35 to 44 to ages 45 to 54	Least deprived third of interviews	718,005
0.524	0.470	0.497	Rise, ages 45 to 54 to ages 75 to 94	Least deprived third of interviews	718,005
−0.116	−0.163	−0.139	Fall, ages 25 to 34 to ages 45 to 54	Middle third of interviews	730,419
−0.128	−0.161	−0.144	Fall, ages 35 to 44 to ages 45 to 54	Middle third of interviews	730,419
0.579	0.527	0.553	Rise, ages 45 to 54 to ages 75 to 94	Middle third of interviews	730,419
−0.153	−0.193	−0.172	Fall, ages 25 to 34 to ages 45 to 54	Most deprived third of interviews	731,406
−0.116	−0.152	−0.134	Fall, ages 35 to 44 to ages 45 to 54	Most deprived third of interviews	731,406
0.600	0.560	0.580	Rise, ages 45 to 54 to ages 75 to 94	Most deprived third of interviews	731,406

Note: Each age is a different group of people interviewed in the same years, so a profile mixes age with birth cohort and does not follow anyone through life.

Note: Adjusted rows and income groups use interviews in 2009 to 2014, because the income distribution of reporters shifts in 2015 to 2017; the rows marked 2015 to 2017 are shown separately. Adjusted rows use the 1,355,746 interviews that report sex, marital status, education and household income; the row with self-rated health uses the 1,354,627 interviews that also report health.

Note: The age of the lowest point is searched over ages 20 to 92 on the five-year moving average and refined between whole years; the intervals come from a bootstrap over counties (replicates and seed in the methods note).

Source: Gallup U.S. Daily, ladder 2009-2017 (2009-2014 where household income is used, 2015-2017 where stated); unweighted, intervals clustered by county or from a bootstrap over counties; county Area Deprivation Index 2023 joined on the county of the interview

Data: vishalsingh.org/zipcode/report/well-being-across-the-life-span/figures/ladder_turning_points.json

Table 6. Relative to adults at the same ages, stress among people born in 1950 to 1959 changed by −9.6 points and their ladder score by +0.22 points between 2009 and 2017, against −10.6 and +0.28 across the same ages in 2009

Birth cohorts of a decade followed across Gallup interview years, for the ladder (2009 to 2017), stress and physical pain (2008 to 2017), with the profile by year of age from all interviews

Table 6.1. Ladder

The ladder score of people born in 1950 to 1959 changed by +0.41 points between 2009 and 2017, as they went from ages 50 to 59 to ages 58 to 67, against +0.28 points across the same ages in 2009 and +0.19 points among all adults at ages 50 to 67

Mean Cantril ladder score for six birth cohorts in each interview year from 2009 to 2017, and for all interviews by year of age

age	conf_high	conf_low	estimate	group	n
74.10	7.33	7.29	7.31	Born 1930 to 1939	41,505
75.20	7.36	7.32	7.34	Born 1930 to 1939	46,954
76.10	7.33	7.29	7.31	Born 1930 to 1939	42,886
77.10	7.36	7.31	7.33	Born 1930 to 1939	41,176
78	7.41	7.34	7.38	Born 1930 to 1939	17,029
78.80	7.41	7.35	7.38	Born 1930 to 1939	17,391
79.90	7.45	7.38	7.42	Born 1930 to 1939	15,911
80.80	7.48	7.41	7.45	Born 1930 to 1939	14,280
81.70	7.49	7.41	7.45	Born 1930 to 1939	10,517
64.10	7.18	7.14	7.16	Born 1940 to 1949	62,066
65.30	7.20	7.17	7.18	Born 1940 to 1949	72,110
66.20	7.17	7.14	7.16	Born 1940 to 1949	68,765
67.20	7.22	7.19	7.20	Born 1940 to 1949	69,475
68	7.33	7.28	7.31	Born 1940 to 1949	32,334
69	7.33	7.28	7.31	Born 1940 to 1949	32,845
70.10	7.41	7.36	7.38	Born 1940 to 1949	32,230
71	7.46	7.41	7.44	Born 1940 to 1949	31,175
71.90	7.51	7.45	7.48	Born 1940 to 1949	24,982
54.50	6.82	6.78	6.80	Born 1950 to 1959	63,588
55.70	6.83	6.80	6.82	Born 1950 to 1959	73,724
56.60	6.83	6.80	6.82	Born 1950 to 1959	71,179
57.60	6.86	6.83	6.84	Born 1950 to 1959	72,420
58.60	6.91	6.86	6.89	Born 1950 to 1959	36,053
59.50	6.99	6.94	6.97	Born 1950 to 1959	35,610
60.70	7.11	7.07	7.09	Born 1950 to 1959	35,426
61.60	7.17	7.12	7.14	Born 1950 to 1959	35,866
62.50	7.24	7.19	7.22	Born 1950 to 1959	31,360
44.70	6.86	6.81	6.83	Born 1960 to 1969	48,157
46	6.87	6.83	6.85	Born 1960 to 1969	55,779
46.90	6.83	6.78	6.80	Born 1960 to 1969	54,906
48	6.81	6.76	6.78	Born 1960 to 1969	54,915
48.90	6.87	6.82	6.84	Born 1960 to 1969	28,541
49.80	6.92	6.86	6.88	Born 1960 to 1969	28,214
50.90	6.98	6.93	6.95	Born 1960 to 1969	27,677
51.80	7.02	6.97	7.00	Born 1960 to 1969	29,045
52.70	7.10	7.04	7.07	Born 1960 to 1969	26,572
34.80	7.00	6.95	6.98	Born 1970 to 1979	33,172
36	7.06	7.01	7.04	Born 1970 to 1979	38,714
36.70	6.99	6.95	6.97	Born 1970 to 1979	39,699
37.80	6.97	6.92	6.95	Born 1970 to 1979	39,318
38.70	7.00	6.94	6.97	Born 1970 to 1979	21,440
39.60	7.05	6.99	7.02	Born 1970 to 1979	20,381
40.70	7.10	7.04	7.07	Born 1970 to 1979	19,588
41.70	7.12	7.05	7.08	Born 1970 to 1979	21,500
42.60	7.16	7.10	7.13	Born 1970 to 1979	20,619
24.90	6.94	6.89	6.91	Born 1980 to 1989	21,259
25.90	7.04	6.98	7.01	Born 1980 to 1989	26,119
26.60	6.99	6.94	6.96	Born 1980 to 1989	34,816
27.60	6.99	6.94	6.97	Born 1980 to 1989	35,952
28.60	6.99	6.93	6.96	Born 1980 to 1989	20,750
29.60	7.00	6.94	6.97	Born 1980 to 1989	19,525
30.60	7.04	6.98	7.01	Born 1980 to 1989	18,831
31.60	7.06	7.01	7.04	Born 1980 to 1989	20,494
32.50	7.08	7.02	7.05	Born 1980 to 1989	21,095
18	7.28	7.23	7.25	All interviews, by age	25,104
19	7.16	7.11	7.14	All interviews, by age	20,764
20	7.06	7.01	7.03	All interviews, by age	20,566
21	7.04	6.98	7.01	All interviews, by age	21,404
22	6.99	6.93	6.96	All interviews, by age	20,267
23	6.93	6.88	6.91	All interviews, by age	20,868
24	6.91	6.85	6.88	All interviews, by age	20,651
25	6.96	6.91	6.93	All interviews, by age	22,756
26	6.95	6.89	6.92	All interviews, by age	20,582
27	6.97	6.92	6.94	All interviews, by age	21,275
28	7.01	6.96	6.98	All interviews, by age	22,607
29	7.02	6.97	6.99	All interviews, by age	21,955
30	7.04	6.99	7.01	All interviews, by age	26,817
31	7.05	7.00	7.02	All interviews, by age	21,509
32	7.03	6.98	7.00	All interviews, by age	25,123
33	7.05	7	7.03	All interviews, by age	22,981
34	7.04	6.98	7.01	All interviews, by age	23,449
35	7.06	7.01	7.04	All interviews, by age	27,289
36	7.06	7.01	7.04	All interviews, by age	23,837
37	7.04	6.99	7.01	All interviews, by age	24,074
38	7.02	6.97	7.00	All interviews, by age	25,474
39	7.05	7.00	7.02	All interviews, by age	25,043
40	7.01	6.96	6.99	All interviews, by age	33,427
41	7.02	6.96	6.99	All interviews, by age	24,465
42	6.97	6.92	6.94	All interviews, by age	30,521
43	6.93	6.88	6.91	All interviews, by age	28,188
44	6.94	6.89	6.91	All interviews, by age	27,722
45	6.94	6.88	6.91	All interviews, by age	34,003
46	6.88	6.83	6.86	All interviews, by age	31,175
47	6.86	6.81	6.84	All interviews, by age	33,763
48	6.87	6.82	6.84	All interviews, by age	34,633
49	6.86	6.81	6.83	All interviews, by age	34,790
50	6.87	6.83	6.85	All interviews, by age	49,187
51	6.87	6.82	6.84	All interviews, by age	35,575
52	6.84	6.79	6.82	All interviews, by age	43,598
53	6.82	6.77	6.79	All interviews, by age	41,271
54	6.84	6.80	6.82	All interviews, by age	42,032
55	6.86	6.82	6.84	All interviews, by age	47,470
56	6.85	6.80	6.83	All interviews, by age	43,108
57	6.87	6.83	6.85	All interviews, by age	44,152
58	6.89	6.84	6.87	All interviews, by age	45,107
59	6.93	6.89	6.91	All interviews, by age	44,432
60	7.00	6.96	6.98	All interviews, by age	54,582
61	7.03	6.99	7.01	All interviews, by age	41,935
62	7.09	7.05	7.07	All interviews, by age	51,583
63	7.12	7.08	7.10	All interviews, by age	46,017
64	7.18	7.13	7.16	All interviews, by age	46,280
65	7.22	7.19	7.21	All interviews, by age	53,072
66	7.28	7.24	7.26	All interviews, by age	43,111
67	7.30	7.26	7.28	All interviews, by age	44,121
68	7.31	7.27	7.29	All interviews, by age	42,066
69	7.34	7.30	7.32	All interviews, by age	38,080
70	7.37	7.33	7.35	All interviews, by age	46,117
71	7.36	7.31	7.33	All interviews, by age	33,149
72	7.37	7.32	7.34	All interviews, by age	35,737
73	7.37	7.32	7.34	All interviews, by age	32,279
74	7.38	7.33	7.36	All interviews, by age	29,803
75	7.38	7.33	7.36	All interviews, by age	32,359
76	7.38	7.33	7.35	All interviews, by age	26,175
77	7.38	7.33	7.36	All interviews, by age	25,447
78	7.39	7.33	7.36	All interviews, by age	24,365
79	7.40	7.35	7.37	All interviews, by age	21,647
80	7.44	7.39	7.41	All interviews, by age	26,170
81	7.44	7.38	7.41	All interviews, by age	18,844
82	7.42	7.35	7.38	All interviews, by age	19,071
83	7.38	7.31	7.35	All interviews, by age	17,079
84	7.42	7.35	7.39	All interviews, by age	14,958
85	7.39	7.32	7.36	All interviews, by age	14,462
86	7.41	7.33	7.37	All interviews, by age	10,947
87	7.41	7.32	7.37	All interviews, by age	9,423
88	7.42	7.33	7.38	All interviews, by age	8,210
89	7.47	7.36	7.42	All interviews, by age	5,902
90	7.58	7.47	7.52	All interviews, by age	5,455
91	7.57	7.43	7.50	All interviews, by age	3,335
92	7.53	7.36	7.45	All interviews, by age	2,641
93	7.56	7.36	7.46	All interviews, by age	1,754
94	7.61	7.35	7.48	All interviews, by age	1,243

Table 6.2. Stress

Stress among people born in 1950 to 1959 changed by −7.9 points between 2009 and 2017, against −10.6 points across the same ages in 2009 and +1.7 points among all adults at ages 50 to 67

Share of adults who reported stress during a lot of the day yesterday for six birth cohorts in each interview year from 2008 to 2017, and for all interviews by year of age

age	conf_high	conf_low	estimate	group	n
73.20	19.52	18.71	19.11	Born 1930 to 1939	45,875
74.10	19.96	19.20	19.58	Born 1930 to 1939	48,535
75.20	19.63	18.79	19.21	Born 1930 to 1939	47,215
76.10	20.17	19.42	19.79	Born 1930 to 1939	43,159
77.10	19.84	19.04	19.44	Born 1930 to 1939	41,441
78	19.46	18.26	18.86	Born 1930 to 1939	17,150
78.80	19.66	18.47	19.06	Born 1930 to 1939	17,546
79.90	19.47	18.19	18.83	Born 1930 to 1939	16,054
80.80	19.19	17.85	18.52	Born 1930 to 1939	14,401
81.70	20.71	19.12	19.92	Born 1930 to 1939	10,599
63.20	29.52	28.76	29.14	Born 1940 to 1949	69,436
64.10	29.04	28.17	28.61	Born 1940 to 1949	72,158
65.30	27.68	26.96	27.32	Born 1940 to 1949	72,279
66.20	27.21	26.48	26.85	Born 1940 to 1949	68,892
67.20	26.14	25.41	25.77	Born 1940 to 1949	69,677
68	24.71	23.70	24.21	Born 1940 to 1949	32,462
69	24.10	23.15	23.63	Born 1940 to 1949	32,955
70.10	23.43	22.39	22.91	Born 1940 to 1949	32,326
71	23.05	22	22.53	Born 1940 to 1949	31,275
71.90	24.80	23.72	24.26	Born 1940 to 1949	25,053
53.50	41.07	40.31	40.69	Born 1950 to 1959	75,994
54.50	42.55	41.79	42.17	Born 1950 to 1959	74,461
55.70	42.08	41.30	41.69	Born 1950 to 1959	73,817
56.60	41.27	40.51	40.89	Born 1950 to 1959	71,287
57.60	39.97	39.21	39.59	Born 1950 to 1959	72,548
58.60	38.97	37.92	38.45	Born 1950 to 1959	36,117
59.50	37.66	36.60	37.13	Born 1950 to 1959	35,666
60.70	36.04	34.94	35.49	Born 1950 to 1959	35,466
61.60	34.29	33.24	33.76	Born 1950 to 1959	35,937
62.50	34.89	33.70	34.30	Born 1950 to 1959	31,409
43.80	45.09	44.26	44.67	Born 1960 to 1969	59,220
44.70	47.27	46.33	46.80	Born 1960 to 1969	56,539
46	46.58	45.72	46.15	Born 1960 to 1969	55,838
46.90	46.84	45.89	46.36	Born 1960 to 1969	54,976
48	46.29	45.33	45.81	Born 1960 to 1969	55,023
48.90	45.87	44.61	45.24	Born 1960 to 1969	28,602
49.80	44.80	43.58	44.19	Born 1960 to 1969	28,237
50.90	44.41	43.27	43.84	Born 1960 to 1969	27,717
51.80	43.86	42.63	43.24	Born 1960 to 1969	29,100
52.70	44.03	42.80	43.42	Born 1960 to 1969	26,619
33.90	47.89	46.81	47.35	Born 1970 to 1979	42,406
34.80	49.14	48.03	48.59	Born 1970 to 1979	39,045
36	47.89	46.83	47.36	Born 1970 to 1979	38,767
36.70	49.24	48.15	48.69	Born 1970 to 1979	39,747
37.80	49.07	47.87	48.47	Born 1970 to 1979	39,394
38.70	47.94	46.55	47.24	Born 1970 to 1979	21,480
39.60	48.14	46.69	47.41	Born 1970 to 1979	20,405
40.70	47.20	45.75	46.47	Born 1970 to 1979	19,612
41.70	46.88	45.38	46.13	Born 1970 to 1979	21,542
42.60	46.57	45.25	45.91	Born 1970 to 1979	20,662
24	48.40	47.16	47.78	Born 1980 to 1989	25,752
24.90	49.23	47.91	48.57	Born 1980 to 1989	24,886
25.90	47.64	46.33	46.98	Born 1980 to 1989	26,177
26.60	48.81	47.77	48.29	Born 1980 to 1989	34,882
27.60	48.81	47.52	48.16	Born 1980 to 1989	36,021
28.60	49.51	48.06	48.79	Born 1980 to 1989	20,795
29.60	48.85	47.39	48.12	Born 1980 to 1989	19,548
30.60	49.68	48.27	48.98	Born 1980 to 1989	18,860
31.60	49.65	48.22	48.93	Born 1980 to 1989	20,528
32.50	50.19	48.72	49.46	Born 1980 to 1989	21,126
18	42.52	41.08	41.80	All interviews, by age	28,568
19	45.50	44.04	44.77	All interviews, by age	23,262
20	47.90	46.48	47.19	All interviews, by age	23,022
21	48.51	47.10	47.81	All interviews, by age	23,787
22	49.34	47.93	48.64	All interviews, by age	22,821
23	48.63	47.30	47.96	All interviews, by age	23,605
24	49.67	48.35	49.01	All interviews, by age	23,454
25	49.11	47.73	48.42	All interviews, by age	26,036
26	49.86	48.41	49.13	All interviews, by age	23,861
27	50.14	48.81	49.48	All interviews, by age	24,771
28	49.04	47.75	48.39	All interviews, by age	26,630
29	49.05	47.82	48.43	All interviews, by age	25,891
30	47.37	46.10	46.73	All interviews, by age	31,457
31	50.22	48.90	49.56	All interviews, by age	25,455
32	49.47	48.16	48.82	All interviews, by age	29,613
33	49.37	48.13	48.75	All interviews, by age	27,392
34	49.04	47.78	48.41	All interviews, by age	27,960
35	48.01	46.84	47.43	All interviews, by age	32,600
36	48.25	47.02	47.64	All interviews, by age	28,987
37	48.95	47.68	48.31	All interviews, by age	30,020
38	48.55	47.32	47.94	All interviews, by age	31,620
39	48.36	47.13	47.75	All interviews, by age	30,615
40	46.75	45.61	46.18	All interviews, by age	40,304
41	48.57	47.28	47.93	All interviews, by age	30,003
42	47.35	46.27	46.81	All interviews, by age	37,111
43	47.65	46.56	47.11	All interviews, by age	34,684
44	47.31	46.18	46.75	All interviews, by age	34,226
45	45.60	44.55	45.08	All interviews, by age	41,584
46	46.64	45.64	46.14	All interviews, by age	38,180
47	46.34	45.34	45.84	All interviews, by age	41,478
48	46.07	45.04	45.56	All interviews, by age	42,378
49	45.86	44.88	45.37	All interviews, by age	42,564
50	43.78	42.90	43.34	All interviews, by age	59,277
51	45.16	44.17	44.66	All interviews, by age	43,409
52	44.27	43.36	43.82	All interviews, by age	52,483
53	44.61	43.68	44.14	All interviews, by age	49,715
54	43.44	42.55	42.99	All interviews, by age	50,958
55	42	41.18	41.59	All interviews, by age	56,778
56	41.92	41.02	41.47	All interviews, by age	51,513
57	41.04	40.17	40.61	All interviews, by age	52,848
58	40.21	39.31	39.76	All interviews, by age	54,058
59	38.88	38.02	38.45	All interviews, by age	53,028
60	36.30	35.47	35.88	All interviews, by age	65,039
61	35.63	34.67	35.15	All interviews, by age	50,826
62	33.38	32.48	32.93	All interviews, by age	60,276
63	32.23	31.36	31.80	All interviews, by age	52,997
64	30.20	29.39	29.79	All interviews, by age	53,732
65	27.41	26.56	26.98	All interviews, by age	62,199
66	26.22	25.37	25.79	All interviews, by age	50,147
67	25.36	24.44	24.90	All interviews, by age	50,933
68	23.94	23.06	23.50	All interviews, by age	48,661
69	23.29	22.39	22.84	All interviews, by age	43,876
70	22	21.30	21.65	All interviews, by age	53,287
71	21.72	20.84	21.28	All interviews, by age	38,553
72	21.21	20.41	20.81	All interviews, by age	41,693
73	20.79	19.93	20.36	All interviews, by age	37,746
74	20.65	19.79	20.22	All interviews, by age	34,729
75	19.90	19.06	19.48	All interviews, by age	37,917
76	19.96	19.02	19.49	All interviews, by age	30,825
77	20.22	19.24	19.73	All interviews, by age	30,161
78	19.32	18.39	18.86	All interviews, by age	29,100
79	19.14	18.16	18.65	All interviews, by age	25,570
80	18.45	17.53	17.99	All interviews, by age	31,115
81	18.65	17.62	18.14	All interviews, by age	22,419
82	18	17.01	17.50	All interviews, by age	22,663
83	18.22	17.13	17.68	All interviews, by age	20,214
84	17.62	16.55	17.08	All interviews, by age	17,771
85	17.44	16.34	16.89	All interviews, by age	17,078
86	17.24	15.88	16.56	All interviews, by age	13,037
87	16.66	15.29	15.97	All interviews, by age	11,068
88	16.03	14.62	15.32	All interviews, by age	9,776
89	16.60	14.80	15.70	All interviews, by age	6,814
90	15.78	14.09	14.93	All interviews, by age	6,396
91	14.95	12.67	13.81	All interviews, by age	3,896
92	15.09	12.60	13.84	All interviews, by age	3,106
93	15.41	12.20	13.80	All interviews, by age	2,050
94	13.64	10.18	11.91	All interviews, by age	1,444

Table 6.3. Physical pain

Physical pain among people born in 1950 to 1959 changed by +5.9 points between 2009 and 2017, against +5.1 points among all adults at ages 50 to 67 and 0.0 points across the same ages in 2009

Share of adults who reported physical pain during a lot of the day yesterday for six birth cohorts in each interview year from 2008 to 2017, and for all interviews by year of age

age	conf_high	conf_low	estimate	group	n
73.20	24.88	24.04	24.46	Born 1930 to 1939	45,858
74.10	25.69	24.84	25.26	Born 1930 to 1939	48,518
75.20	25.60	24.73	25.16	Born 1930 to 1939	47,189
76.10	26.12	25.22	25.67	Born 1930 to 1939	43,121
77.10	26.41	25.53	25.97	Born 1930 to 1939	41,386
78	26.46	25.11	25.78	Born 1930 to 1939	17,139
78.80	28.06	26.69	27.37	Born 1930 to 1939	17,516
79.90	27.52	26.13	26.82	Born 1930 to 1939	16,024
80.80	28.56	26.99	27.77	Born 1930 to 1939	14,382
81.70	30.53	28.76	29.64	Born 1930 to 1939	10,589
63.20	26.74	25.88	26.31	Born 1940 to 1949	69,474
64.10	26.66	25.86	26.26	Born 1940 to 1949	72,179
65.30	27.04	26.18	26.61	Born 1940 to 1949	72,272
66.20	27.31	26.51	26.91	Born 1940 to 1949	68,891
67.20	26.77	25.90	26.34	Born 1940 to 1949	69,645
68	27.15	26.09	26.62	Born 1940 to 1949	32,433
69	27.68	26.58	27.13	Born 1940 to 1949	32,925
70.10	28.32	27.27	27.80	Born 1940 to 1949	32,304
71	28.19	27.14	27.67	Born 1940 to 1949	31,270
71.90	31.95	30.69	31.32	Born 1940 to 1949	25,043
53.50	25.88	24.99	25.44	Born 1950 to 1959	76,023
54.50	27.20	26.24	26.72	Born 1950 to 1959	74,452
55.70	28.13	27.14	27.64	Born 1950 to 1959	73,850
56.60	28.55	27.62	28.08	Born 1950 to 1959	71,280
57.60	28.30	27.37	27.83	Born 1950 to 1959	72,546
58.60	30.65	29.46	30.05	Born 1950 to 1959	36,103
59.50	31.01	29.81	30.41	Born 1950 to 1959	35,677
60.70	30.48	29.28	29.88	Born 1950 to 1959	35,475
61.60	29.90	28.77	29.34	Born 1950 to 1959	35,949
62.50	33.22	31.94	32.58	Born 1950 to 1959	31,405
43.80	20.99	20.09	20.54	Born 1960 to 1969	59,244
44.70	22.08	21.20	21.64	Born 1960 to 1969	56,561
46	23.09	22.12	22.60	Born 1960 to 1969	55,851
46.90	24.20	23.23	23.72	Born 1960 to 1969	54,985
48	24.66	23.59	24.13	Born 1960 to 1969	55,019
48.90	26.41	25.17	25.79	Born 1960 to 1969	28,607
49.80	26.75	25.38	26.07	Born 1960 to 1969	28,269
50.90	27.87	26.50	27.19	Born 1960 to 1969	27,720
51.80	27.56	26.21	26.89	Born 1960 to 1969	29,098
52.70	30.77	29.32	30.04	Born 1960 to 1969	26,619
33.90	16.58	15.82	16.20	Born 1970 to 1979	42,416
34.80	18	17.13	17.56	Born 1970 to 1979	39,061
36	17.97	17.08	17.53	Born 1970 to 1979	38,777
36.70	18.87	17.95	18.41	Born 1970 to 1979	39,774
37.80	19.06	18.01	18.54	Born 1970 to 1979	39,411
38.70	20.73	19.54	20.13	Born 1970 to 1979	21,485
39.60	21.37	20.11	20.74	Born 1970 to 1979	20,414
40.70	22.04	20.71	21.37	Born 1970 to 1979	19,617
41.70	21.72	20.34	21.03	Born 1970 to 1979	21,548
42.60	24.43	23.01	23.72	Born 1970 to 1979	20,663
24	16.49	15.52	16	Born 1980 to 1989	25,759
24.90	16.45	15.52	15.99	Born 1980 to 1989	24,888
25.90	16.22	15.26	15.74	Born 1980 to 1989	26,168
26.60	17.15	16.29	16.72	Born 1980 to 1989	34,879
27.60	16.91	15.87	16.39	Born 1980 to 1989	36,016
28.60	17.57	16.36	16.96	Born 1980 to 1989	20,796
29.60	17.97	16.82	17.40	Born 1980 to 1989	19,556
30.60	17.88	16.64	17.26	Born 1980 to 1989	18,854
31.60	18.60	17.45	18.03	Born 1980 to 1989	20,536
32.50	20.84	19.46	20.15	Born 1980 to 1989	21,139
18	14.98	14.21	14.59	All interviews, by age	28,574
19	15.53	14.63	15.08	All interviews, by age	23,261
20	16.19	15.21	15.70	All interviews, by age	23,027
21	16.13	15.12	15.63	All interviews, by age	23,787
22	16.41	15.39	15.90	All interviews, by age	22,818
23	16.14	15.11	15.62	All interviews, by age	23,611
24	16.64	15.58	16.11	All interviews, by age	23,454
25	16.70	15.67	16.19	All interviews, by age	26,046
26	16.59	15.54	16.06	All interviews, by age	23,861
27	17.39	16.33	16.86	All interviews, by age	24,770
28	17.06	16.09	16.57	All interviews, by age	26,621
29	17.21	16.22	16.71	All interviews, by age	25,890
30	17.31	16.36	16.83	All interviews, by age	31,454
31	17.80	16.70	17.25	All interviews, by age	25,454
32	18.09	17.13	17.61	All interviews, by age	29,622
33	18.26	17.22	17.74	All interviews, by age	27,400
34	18.09	17.06	17.58	All interviews, by age	27,960
35	18.25	17.28	17.76	All interviews, by age	32,611
36	18.91	17.90	18.41	All interviews, by age	28,995
37	19.27	18.28	18.77	All interviews, by age	30,039
38	19.02	18.07	18.55	All interviews, by age	31,640
39	19.61	18.53	19.07	All interviews, by age	30,629
40	19.67	18.74	19.20	All interviews, by age	40,310
41	20.37	19.32	19.85	All interviews, by age	30,012
42	20.76	19.73	20.25	All interviews, by age	37,134
43	21.82	20.81	21.31	All interviews, by age	34,706
44	22.33	21.17	21.75	All interviews, by age	34,244
45	22.23	21.19	21.71	All interviews, by age	41,586
46	23.47	22.41	22.94	All interviews, by age	38,198
47	24.38	23.27	23.83	All interviews, by age	41,474
48	25.31	24.25	24.78	All interviews, by age	42,376
49	25.66	24.59	25.12	All interviews, by age	42,562
50	25.61	24.57	25.09	All interviews, by age	59,291
51	27.47	26.29	26.88	All interviews, by age	43,410
52	26.88	25.80	26.34	All interviews, by age	52,500
53	28.15	27.05	27.60	All interviews, by age	49,738
54	28.39	27.34	27.86	All interviews, by age	50,954
55	28.16	27.12	27.64	All interviews, by age	56,786
56	29.02	27.98	28.50	All interviews, by age	51,524
57	29.27	28.22	28.74	All interviews, by age	52,831
58	29.50	28.51	29	All interviews, by age	54,069
59	29.48	28.46	28.97	All interviews, by age	53,045
60	28.67	27.69	28.18	All interviews, by age	65,070
61	29.39	28.40	28.90	All interviews, by age	50,842
62	29.29	28.36	28.83	All interviews, by age	60,276
63	29.33	28.37	28.85	All interviews, by age	53,010
64	28.36	27.42	27.89	All interviews, by age	53,742
65	26.96	26.07	26.51	All interviews, by age	62,191
66	27.15	26.26	26.71	All interviews, by age	50,128
67	27.40	26.52	26.96	All interviews, by age	50,937
68	26.92	25.96	26.44	All interviews, by age	48,643
69	27.01	26.08	26.54	All interviews, by age	43,860
70	25.76	24.88	25.32	All interviews, by age	53,255
71	26.55	25.59	26.07	All interviews, by age	38,542
72	26.42	25.46	25.94	All interviews, by age	41,689
73	26.54	25.59	26.07	All interviews, by age	37,738
74	26.55	25.54	26.04	All interviews, by age	34,693
75	26.47	25.54	26.01	All interviews, by age	37,873
76	27.11	26.11	26.61	All interviews, by age	30,802
77	27.23	26.15	26.69	All interviews, by age	30,148
78	26.90	25.84	26.37	All interviews, by age	29,063
79	27.05	25.91	26.48	All interviews, by age	25,544
80	25.98	24.98	25.48	All interviews, by age	31,099
81	27.08	25.88	26.48	All interviews, by age	22,405
82	27.61	26.41	27.01	All interviews, by age	22,630
83	27.75	26.48	27.12	All interviews, by age	20,190
84	27.44	26.10	26.77	All interviews, by age	17,760
85	27.04	25.74	26.39	All interviews, by age	17,070
86	27.71	26.23	26.97	All interviews, by age	13,006
87	28.73	27.05	27.89	All interviews, by age	11,042
88	26.85	25.16	26.01	All interviews, by age	9,766
89	27.81	25.54	26.67	All interviews, by age	6,827
90	25.95	23.82	24.89	All interviews, by age	6,381
91	27.16	24.38	25.77	All interviews, by age	3,896
92	27.92	24.78	26.35	All interviews, by age	3,101
93	26.80	23.17	24.99	All interviews, by age	2,045
94	26.09	21.57	23.83	All interviews, by age	1,448

Note: A cohort is the interview year minus age, in groups of ten birth years. The cohorts shown were aged 18 to 94 in every interview year from 2008 to 2017; cohorts born before 1930 leave the age range and those born after 1989 enter it, so they are left out. The comparison of the 1950 to 1959 cohort starts in 2009 for every measure, because the ladder of 2008 is not used.

Note: The comparison group is all adults at ages 50 to 67, averaging the change at each single year of age, because the interview sample was younger in 2017 (mean age 52.3) than in 2009 (55.1), and a younger sample would bias a change in all adults. All adults include the cohort itself, and the correction cannot separate aging from the changes that affected every age.

Source: Gallup U.S. Daily, ladder 2009-2017 and feelings 2008-2017; unweighted, intervals clustered by county

Data: vishalsingh.org/zipcode/report/well-being-across-the-life-span/figures/cohort_lines.json

All estimates

Every fact in facts.json (151), sorted by id. The same values as JSON: facts.json.

Fact id	Value	Unit	Estimand	Population	Period	Interval	n	Weights	Source	Note
age_18	18	years of age	definition used in this chapter, not an estimate	an age used in this chapter	ladder interviews in 2009 to 2017 and feelings interviews in 2008 to 2017			none (definition)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
age_20	20	years of age	definition used in this chapter, not an estimate	an age used in this chapter	ladder interviews in 2009 to 2017 and feelings interviews in 2008 to 2017			none (definition)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
age_25	25	years of age	definition used in this chapter, not an estimate	an age used in this chapter	ladder interviews in 2009 to 2017 and feelings interviews in 2008 to 2017			none (definition)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
age_46	46	years of age	definition used in this chapter, not an estimate	an age used in this chapter	ladder interviews in 2009 to 2017 and feelings interviews in 2008 to 2017			none (definition)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
age_56	56	years of age	definition used in this chapter, not an estimate	an age used in this chapter	ladder interviews in 2009 to 2017 and feelings interviews in 2008 to 2017			none (definition)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
age_94	94	years of age	definition used in this chapter, not an estimate	an age used in this chapter	ladder interviews in 2009 to 2017 and feelings interviews in 2008 to 2017			none (definition)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
anger_1824	16.5%	percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday	unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 18 to 24), anger	interviews in 2008 to 2013 and 2016	95% CI 16.3% to 16.8%	125,886 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
anger_7594	6.2%	percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday	unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 75 to 94), anger	interviews in 2008 to 2013 and 2016	95% CI 6.0% to 6.3%	276,770 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
band_1824	18 to 24	years of age	definition used in this chapter, not an estimate	an age group of adults defined in this chapter	ladder interviews in 2009 to 2017 and feelings interviews in 2008 to 2017			none (definition)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
band_2534	25 to 34	years of age	definition used in this chapter, not an estimate	an age group of adults defined in this chapter	ladder interviews in 2009 to 2017 and feelings interviews in 2008 to 2017			none (definition)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
band_3544	35 to 44	years of age	definition used in this chapter, not an estimate	an age group of adults defined in this chapter	ladder interviews in 2009 to 2017 and feelings interviews in 2008 to 2017			none (definition)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
band_4554	45 to 54	years of age	definition used in this chapter, not an estimate	an age group of adults defined in this chapter	ladder interviews in 2009 to 2017 and feelings interviews in 2008 to 2017			none (definition)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
band_5564	55 to 64	years of age	definition used in this chapter, not an estimate	an age group of adults defined in this chapter	ladder interviews in 2009 to 2017 and feelings interviews in 2008 to 2017			none (definition)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
band_7594	75 to 94	years of age	definition used in this chapter, not an estimate	an age group of adults defined in this chapter	ladder interviews in 2009 to 2017 and feelings interviews in 2008 to 2017			none (definition)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
coh_ages_end	58 to 67	years of age	definition used in this chapter, not an estimate	an age group defined in this chapter: the ages of people born in 1950 to 1959 in 2017	2017			none (definition)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
coh_ages_start	50 to 59	years of age	definition used in this chapter, not an estimate	an age group defined in this chapter: the ages of people born in 1950 to 1959 in 2009	2009			none (definition)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
coh_cross_ladder	+0.28	ladder points	unweighted mean at ages 58 to 67 minus unweighted mean at ages 50 to 59 among people interviewed in 2009, interval from a bootstrap over counties	adults aged 50 to 67 interviewed in 2009	2009	95% CI 0.26 to 0.30	128,524 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
coh_cross_pain	0.0	percentage points	unweighted mean at ages 58 to 67 minus unweighted mean at ages 50 to 59 among people interviewed in 2009, interval from a bootstrap over counties	adults aged 50 to 67 interviewed in 2009	2009	95% CI −0.4 to 0.4	150,105 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
coh_cross_stress	−10.6	percentage points	unweighted mean at ages 58 to 67 minus unweighted mean at ages 50 to 59 among people interviewed in 2009, interval from a bootstrap over counties	adults aged 50 to 67 interviewed in 2009	2009	95% CI −11.1 to −10.1	150,096 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
coh_net_ladder	+0.22	ladder points	change in the cohort's unweighted mean between 2009 and 2017 minus the age-standardized change among all adults at ages 50 to 67, interval from a bootstrap over counties	adults born in 1950 to 1959, interviewed in 2009 and 2017	2009 and 2017	95% CI 0.20 to 0.24	94,948 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
coh_net_pain	+0.8	percentage points	change in the cohort's unweighted mean between 2009 and 2017 minus the age-standardized change among all adults at ages 50 to 67, interval from a bootstrap over counties	adults born in 1950 to 1959, interviewed in 2009 and 2017	2009 and 2017	95% CI 0.3 to 1.2	105,857 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
coh_net_stress	−9.6	percentage points	change in the cohort's unweighted mean between 2009 and 2017 minus the age-standardized change among all adults at ages 50 to 67, interval from a bootstrap over counties	adults born in 1950 to 1959, interviewed in 2009 and 2017	2009 and 2017	95% CI −10.1 to −9.1	105,870 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
coh_period_ladder	+0.19	ladder points	age-standardized change among all adults: the mean over the single years of age 50 to 67 of the unweighted mean in 2017 minus the unweighted mean in 2009 at that age, interval from a bootstrap over counties	adults aged 50 to 67 interviewed in 2009 and 2017	2009 and 2017	95% CI 0.17 to 0.21	169,188 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
coh_period_pain	+5.1	percentage points	age-standardized change among all adults: the mean over the single years of age 50 to 67 of the unweighted mean in 2017 minus the unweighted mean in 2009 at that age, interval from a bootstrap over counties	adults aged 50 to 67 interviewed in 2009 and 2017	2009 and 2017	95% CI 4.6 to 5.6	188,628 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
coh_period_stress	+1.7	percentage points	age-standardized change among all adults: the mean over the single years of age 50 to 67 of the unweighted mean in 2017 minus the unweighted mean in 2009 at that age, interval from a bootstrap over counties	adults aged 50 to 67 interviewed in 2009 and 2017	2009 and 2017	95% CI 1.3 to 2.2	188,623 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
coh_std_ages	50 to 67	years of age	definition used in this chapter, not an estimate	the ages the 1950 to 1959 cohort passes through between 2009 and 2017	interviews in 2009 and 2017			none (definition)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
coh_within_ladder	+0.41	ladder points	unweighted mean in 2017 minus unweighted mean in 2009 among people born in 1950 to 1959, interval from a bootstrap over counties	adults born in 1950 to 1959, interviewed in 2009 and 2017	2009 and 2017	95% CI 0.39 to 0.44	94,948 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
coh_within_pain	+5.9	percentage points	unweighted mean in 2017 minus unweighted mean in 2009 among people born in 1950 to 1959, interval from a bootstrap over counties	adults born in 1950 to 1959, interviewed in 2009 and 2017	2009 and 2017	95% CI 5.3 to 6.5	105,857 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
coh_within_stress	−7.9	percentage points	unweighted mean in 2017 minus unweighted mean in 2009 among people born in 1950 to 1959, interval from a bootstrap over counties	adults born in 1950 to 1959, interviewed in 2009 and 2017	2009 and 2017	95% CI −8.5 to −7.2	105,870 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
enjoy_1824	88.3%	percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday	unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 18 to 24), enjoyment	interviews in 2008 to 2017	95% CI 88.1% to 88.6%	168,459 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
enjoy_4554	82.6%	percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday	unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 45 to 54), enjoyment	interviews in 2008 to 2017	95% CI 82.4% to 82.8%	461,521 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
enjoy_7594	88.5%	percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday	unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 75 to 94), enjoyment	interviews in 2008 to 2017	95% CI 88.3% to 88.7%	341,222 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
enjoy_inc_high_4554	87.6%	percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday	unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known with household income $90,000 or more (age 45 to 54), enjoyment	interviews in 2009 to 2014	95% CI 87.3% to 87.9%	79,707 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
enjoy_inc_low_4554	72.7%	percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday	unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known with household income Under $36,000 (age 45 to 54), enjoyment	interviews in 2009 to 2014	95% CI 72.3% to 73.0%	76,974 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
enjoy_low	52	years of age	age of the lowest point of the five-year moving average of the share reporting the feeling by year of age (ages 20 to 92 searched, refined between whole years by a parabola), interval from a bootstrap over counties	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known, enjoyment	interviews in 2008 to 2017	95% CI 52 to 53	2,581,678 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
fall_adj	−0.32	ladder points, later age band minus earlier age band	mean of the ladder profile at ages 45 to 54 minus the mean at ages 25 to 34, each year of age weighted by its number of interviews (a raw profile gives the difference of the two band means), interval from a bootstrap over counties; adjusted for sex, marital status, education, household income and survey year	adults with a ladder score, sex, marital status, education and household income	interviews in 2009 to 2014	95% CI −0.33 to −0.30	1,355,746 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
fall_all	−0.15	ladder points, later age band minus earlier age band	mean of the ladder profile at ages 45 to 54 minus the mean at ages 25 to 34, each year of age weighted by its number of interviews (a raw profile gives the difference of the two band means), interval from a bootstrap over counties	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known	interviews in 2009 to 2017	95% CI −0.16 to −0.13	2,180,433 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
fall_cc_raw	−0.20	ladder points, later age band minus earlier age band	mean of the ladder profile at ages 45 to 54 minus the mean at ages 25 to 34, each year of age weighted by its number of interviews (a raw profile gives the difference of the two band means), interval from a bootstrap over counties	adults with a ladder score, sex, marital status, education and household income	interviews in 2009 to 2014	95% CI −0.22 to −0.19	1,355,746 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
fall_inc_high	−0.05	ladder points, later age band minus earlier age band	mean of the ladder profile at ages 45 to 54 minus the mean at ages 25 to 34, each year of age weighted by its number of interviews (a raw profile gives the difference of the two band means), interval from a bootstrap over counties	adults with a ladder score and household income $90,000 or more	interviews in 2009 to 2014	95% CI −0.07 to −0.03	310,559 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
fall_inc_high_late	+0.09	ladder points, later age band minus earlier age band	mean of the ladder profile at ages 45 to 54 minus the mean at ages 25 to 34, each year of age weighted by its number of interviews (a raw profile gives the difference of the two band means), interval from a bootstrap over counties	adults with a ladder score and household income $90,000 or more	interviews in 2015 to 2017	95% CI 0.06 to 0.12	139,811 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
fall_inc_low	−0.59	ladder points, later age band minus earlier age band	mean of the ladder profile at ages 45 to 54 minus the mean at ages 25 to 34, each year of age weighted by its number of interviews (a raw profile gives the difference of the two band means), interval from a bootstrap over counties	adults with a ladder score and household income Under $36,000	interviews in 2009 to 2014	95% CI −0.62 to −0.56	485,159 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
fall_inc_mid	−0.27	ladder points, later age band minus earlier age band	mean of the ladder profile at ages 45 to 54 minus the mean at ages 25 to 34, each year of age weighted by its number of interviews (a raw profile gives the difference of the two band means), interval from a bootstrap over counties	adults with a ladder score and household income $36,000 to $89,999	interviews in 2009 to 2014	95% CI −0.29 to −0.26	567,870 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
fall_marital	−0.23	ladder points, later age band minus earlier age band	mean of the ladder profile at ages 45 to 54 minus the mean at ages 25 to 34, each year of age weighted by its number of interviews (a raw profile gives the difference of the two band means), interval from a bootstrap over counties; adjusted for marital status only	adults with a ladder score, sex, marital status, education and household income	interviews in 2009 to 2014	95% CI −0.25 to −0.22	1,355,746 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
fall_place_least	−0.11	ladder points, later age band minus earlier age band	mean of the ladder profile at ages 45 to 54 minus the mean at ages 25 to 34, each year of age weighted by its number of interviews (a raw profile gives the difference of the two band means), interval from a bootstrap over counties	adults with a ladder score in the least deprived third of interviews by county Area Deprivation Index	interviews in 2009 to 2017	95% CI −0.14 to −0.09	718,005 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
fall_place_most	−0.17	ladder points, later age band minus earlier age band	mean of the ladder profile at ages 45 to 54 minus the mean at ages 25 to 34, each year of age weighted by its number of interviews (a raw profile gives the difference of the two band means), interval from a bootstrap over counties	adults with a ladder score in the most deprived third of interviews by county Area Deprivation Index	interviews in 2009 to 2017	95% CI −0.19 to −0.15	731,406 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
fb_decline_age	75	years of age	approximate age around which happiness declines in the fixed-effects results of Frijters and Beatton (2012), as stated in the abstract of the paper	adults in the German Socio-Economic Panel, the British Household Panel Survey and the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey	panel waves analyzed by Frijters and Beatton (2012)			none (published estimate)	Published estimates from cited studies	Quoted from the abstract of the paper, which gives approximate ages.
fb_rise_age	60	years of age	approximate age around which happiness rises in the fixed-effects results of Frijters and Beatton (2012), as stated in the abstract of the paper	adults in the German Socio-Economic Panel, the British Household Panel Survey and the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey	panel waves analyzed by Frijters and Beatton (2012)			none (published estimate)	Published estimates from cited studies	Quoted from the abstract of the paper, which gives approximate ages.
feel_gap_2008_max	−1.6	percentage points, 2008 minus 2009	unweighted difference in the share reporting the feeling between 2008 and 2009, for the feeling with the largest absolute difference of the seven, interval clustered by county	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup in 2008 or 2009 who answered the item (worry)	2008 and 2009	95% CI −1.8 to −1.3	696,084 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
flat_range	0.06	ladder points	difference between the highest and the lowest value of the five-year moving average of the raw mean ladder score at ages 46 to 56	adults with a ladder score, sex, marital status, education and household income	interviews in 2009 to 2014		1,355,746 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
gap2008_hi	0.38	ladder points, 2009 minus 2008	unweighted difference between the mean ladder score in 2009 and in 2008 within the age band with the largest difference of the seven bands, interval clustered by county	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup in 2008 or 2009 who answered the ladder (the age band with the largest difference)	2008 and 2009	95% CI 0.35 to 0.41	106,145 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
gap2008_lo	0.29	ladder points, 2009 minus 2008	unweighted difference between the mean ladder score in 2009 and in 2008 within the age band with the smallest difference of the seven bands, interval clustered by county	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup in 2008 or 2009 who answered the ladder (the age band with the smallest difference)	2008 and 2009	95% CI 0.26 to 0.32	83,551 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
happy_1824	91.9%	percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday	unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 18 to 24), happiness	interviews in 2008 to 2016	95% CI 91.7% to 92.1%	154,490 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
happy_4554	86.6%	percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday	unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 45 to 54), happiness	interviews in 2008 to 2016	95% CI 86.4% to 86.8%	437,094 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
happy_7594	90.0%	percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday	unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 75 to 94), happiness	interviews in 2008 to 2016	95% CI 89.8% to 90.2%	322,920 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
happy_low	54	years of age	age of the lowest point of the five-year moving average of the share reporting the feeling by year of age (ages 20 to 92 searched, refined between whole years by a parabola), interval from a bootstrap over counties	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known, happiness	interviews in 2008 to 2016	95% CI 54 to 56	2,424,735 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
high_share_2014	23%	percent of interviews that report a household income bracket	unweighted share reporting household income of $90,000 or more, interval clustered by county	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup in 2014 who report a household income bracket	2014	95% CI 22% to 24%	284,323 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
high_share_2017	35%	percent of interviews that report a household income bracket	unweighted share reporting household income of $90,000 or more, interval clustered by county	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup in 2017 who report a household income bracket	2017	95% CI 34% to 36%	287,211 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
inc_cut_high	$90,000	dollars of annual household income, as reported in the year of the interview	definition used in this chapter, not an estimate (Gallup's harmonized brackets, not adjusted for inflation)	the lower limit of the highest household income group	interviews in 2009 to 2014			none (definition)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
inc_cut_low	$36,000	dollars of annual household income, as reported in the year of the interview	definition used in this chapter, not an estimate (Gallup's harmonized brackets, not adjusted for inflation)	the upper limit of the lowest household income group	interviews in 2009 to 2014			none (definition)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
income_known_share	81%	percent of interviews with a household income bracket	share of interviews that report a household income bracket (unweighted count)	Gallup interviews of adults aged 18 to 94 with a known county	interviews in 2009 to 2014		1,691,589 respondents	none (unweighted count)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
ladder_18_24	7.03	Cantril ladder score (0 worst possible life, 10 best possible life)	unweighted mean of the 0 to 10 ladder score, interval clustered by the respondent's county	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 18 to 24)	interviews in 2009 to 2017	95% CI 7.02 to 7.05	149,624 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
ladder_25_34	6.99	Cantril ladder score (0 worst possible life, 10 best possible life)	unweighted mean of the 0 to 10 ladder score, interval clustered by the respondent's county	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 25 to 34)	interviews in 2009 to 2017	95% CI 6.97 to 7.00	229,054 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
ladder_4554_least	6.94	Cantril ladder score (0 worst possible life, 10 best possible life)	unweighted mean of the 0 to 10 ladder score, interval clustered by the respondent's county	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known in the least deprived third of interviews by county Area Deprivation Index (age 45 to 54)	interviews in 2009 to 2017	95% CI 6.90 to 6.97	128,209 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
ladder_4554_most	6.73	Cantril ladder score (0 worst possible life, 10 best possible life)	unweighted mean of the 0 to 10 ladder score, interval clustered by the respondent's county	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known in the most deprived third of interviews by county Area Deprivation Index (age 45 to 54)	interviews in 2009 to 2017	95% CI 6.71 to 6.75	125,537 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
ladder_45_54	6.84	Cantril ladder score (0 worst possible life, 10 best possible life)	unweighted mean of the 0 to 10 ladder score, interval clustered by the respondent's county	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 45 to 54)	interviews in 2009 to 2017	95% CI 6.82 to 6.86	380,027 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
ladder_75_94	7.38	Cantril ladder score (0 worst possible life, 10 best possible life)	unweighted mean of the 0 to 10 ladder score, interval clustered by the respondent's county	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 75 to 94)	interviews in 2009 to 2017	95% CI 7.37 to 7.39	289,487 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
ladder_at_18	7.25	Cantril ladder score (0 worst possible life, 10 best possible life)	unweighted mean of the 0 to 10 ladder score, interval clustered by the respondent's county	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 18)	interviews in 2009 to 2017	95% CI 7.23 to 7.28	25,104 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
ladder_at_25	6.93	Cantril ladder score (0 worst possible life, 10 best possible life)	unweighted mean of the 0 to 10 ladder score, interval clustered by the respondent's county	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 25)	interviews in 2009 to 2017	95% CI 6.91 to 6.96	22,756 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
ladder_inc_high_2534	7.50	Cantril ladder score (0 worst possible life, 10 best possible life)	unweighted mean of the 0 to 10 ladder score, interval clustered by the respondent's county	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known with household income $90,000 or more (age 25 to 34)	interviews in 2009 to 2014	95% CI 7.48 to 7.52	28,340 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
ladder_inc_high_3544	7.51	Cantril ladder score (0 worst possible life, 10 best possible life)	unweighted mean of the 0 to 10 ladder score, interval clustered by the respondent's county	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known with household income $90,000 or more (age 35 to 44)	interviews in 2009 to 2014	95% CI 7.50 to 7.53	55,787 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
ladder_inc_high_4554	7.45	Cantril ladder score (0 worst possible life, 10 best possible life)	unweighted mean of the 0 to 10 ladder score, interval clustered by the respondent's county	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known with household income $90,000 or more (age 45 to 54)	interviews in 2009 to 2014	95% CI 7.43 to 7.46	77,234 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
ladder_inc_low_1824	6.85	Cantril ladder score (0 worst possible life, 10 best possible life)	unweighted mean of the 0 to 10 ladder score, interval clustered by the respondent's county	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known with household income Under $36,000 (age 18 to 24)	interviews in 2009 to 2014	95% CI 6.83 to 6.88	45,506 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
ladder_inc_low_4554	5.89	Cantril ladder score (0 worst possible life, 10 best possible life)	unweighted mean of the 0 to 10 ladder score, interval clustered by the respondent's county	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known with household income Under $36,000 (age 45 to 54)	interviews in 2009 to 2014	95% CI 5.86 to 5.91	74,530 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
ladder_inc_low_7594	7.04	Cantril ladder score (0 worst possible life, 10 best possible life)	unweighted mean of the 0 to 10 ladder score, interval clustered by the respondent's county	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known with household income Under $36,000 (age 75 to 94)	interviews in 2009 to 2014	95% CI 7.03 to 7.06	82,417 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
ladder_inc_mid_4554	6.86	Cantril ladder score (0 worst possible life, 10 best possible life)	unweighted mean of the 0 to 10 ladder score, interval clustered by the respondent's county	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known with household income $36,000 to $89,999 (age 45 to 54)	interviews in 2009 to 2014	95% CI 6.85 to 6.88	104,462 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
ladder_share_2009	85%	percent of the year's interviews that carry a ladder score	share of the year's interviews with a ladder score (before any filter)	all Gallup interviews in 2009	2009			none (unweighted count)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
ladder_share_late	49%	percent of interviews that carry a ladder score	mean over the five years of the share of the year's interviews with a ladder score (before any filter)	all Gallup interviews from 2013 to 2017	2013 to 2017			none (unweighted count)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
ladder_turn	54	years of age	age of the lowest point of the five-year moving average of the mean ladder score by year of age (ages 20 to 92 searched, refined between whole years by a parabola through the lowest point and its neighbours), interval from a bootstrap over counties	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known	interviews in 2009 to 2017	95% CI 51 to 54	2,180,433 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
ladder_year_2008	6.69	Cantril ladder score (0 worst possible life, 10 best possible life)	unweighted mean of the 0 to 10 ladder score, interval clustered by the respondent's county (all ages; the 2008 value is shown to document the artifact and is not used elsewhere)	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the ladder and whose county is known	2008	95% CI 6.68 to 6.71	346,485 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
ladder_year_2009	7.03	Cantril ladder score (0 worst possible life, 10 best possible life)	unweighted mean of the 0 to 10 ladder score, interval clustered by the respondent's county (all ages; the 2008 value is shown to document the artifact and is not used elsewhere)	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the ladder and whose county is known	2009	95% CI 7.02 to 7.04	296,836 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
mean_age_2009	55.1	years of age	mean age of the interviews	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup in 2009 with a known county	2009			none (unweighted count)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
mean_age_2017	52.3	years of age	mean age of the interviews	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup in 2017 with a known county	2017			none (unweighted count)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
midfall_inc_high	−0.07	ladder points, later age band minus earlier age band	mean of the ladder profile at ages 45 to 54 minus the mean at ages 35 to 44, each year of age weighted by its number of interviews (a raw profile gives the difference of the two band means), interval from a bootstrap over counties	adults with a ladder score and household income $90,000 or more	interviews in 2009 to 2014	95% CI −0.08 to −0.05	310,559 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
midfall_inc_high_late	−0.02	ladder points, later age band minus earlier age band	mean of the ladder profile at ages 45 to 54 minus the mean at ages 35 to 44, each year of age weighted by its number of interviews (a raw profile gives the difference of the two band means), interval from a bootstrap over counties	adults with a ladder score and household income $90,000 or more	interviews in 2015 to 2017	95% CI −0.04 to 0.01	139,811 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
midfall_inc_low	−0.27	ladder points, later age band minus earlier age band	mean of the ladder profile at ages 45 to 54 minus the mean at ages 35 to 44, each year of age weighted by its number of interviews (a raw profile gives the difference of the two band means), interval from a bootstrap over counties	adults with a ladder score and household income Under $36,000	interviews in 2009 to 2014	95% CI −0.30 to −0.24	485,159 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
midfall_inc_mid	−0.12	ladder points, later age band minus earlier age band	mean of the ladder profile at ages 45 to 54 minus the mean at ages 35 to 44, each year of age weighted by its number of interviews (a raw profile gives the difference of the two band means), interval from a bootstrap over counties	adults with a ladder score and household income $36,000 to $89,999	interviews in 2009 to 2014	95% CI −0.13 to −0.10	567,870 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
min_cell_income	51	interviews	size of the smallest cell of the ladder profiles by household income group (the highest income group at the oldest ages)	adults with a ladder score in the smallest single-year-of-age cell by household income group, 2009 to 2014	interviews in 2009 to 2014		51 respondents	none (unweighted count)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
n_cc	1,355,746	interviews	count of interviews used for the adjusted profiles	adults with a ladder score, sex, marital status, education and household income	interviews in 2009 to 2014			none (unweighted count)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
n_counties	3,142	counties	count of distinct counties assigned to respondents (county is derived from the ZIP code)	counties of the respondents' ZIP codes in the analysis	interviews in 2008 to 2017			none (unweighted count)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
n_counties_least	274	counties	count of distinct counties whose interviews fall in the group (a county is in one group)	counties in the least deprived third of interviews by county Area Deprivation Index	interviews in 2008 to 2017			none (unweighted count)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
n_counties_mid	655	counties	count of distinct counties whose interviews fall in the group (a county is in one group)	counties in the middle third of interviews by county Area Deprivation Index	interviews in 2008 to 2017			none (unweighted count)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
n_counties_most	2,193	counties	count of distinct counties whose interviews fall in the group (a county is in one group)	counties in the most deprived third of interviews by county Area Deprivation Index	interviews in 2008 to 2017			none (unweighted count)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
n_frame	3,457,670	interviews	count of interviews (not all answered every item)	Gallup interviews of adults aged 18 to 94 with a known county	interviews in 2008 to 2017			none (unweighted count)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
n_health	1,354,627	interviews	count of interviews used for the adjusted profiles with self-rated health	adults with a ladder score, sex, marital status, education, household income and a self-rated health answer	interviews in 2009 to 2014			none (unweighted count)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
n_ladder	2,180,433	interviews	count of interviews with a ladder score (the ladder of 2008 is not used)	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known	interviews in 2009 to 2017			none (unweighted count)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
n_no_place	931	interviews	count of interviews left out of the deprivation groups	Gallup interviews of adults aged 18 to 94 in counties with no Area Deprivation Index rank	interviews in 2008 to 2017			none (unweighted count)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
pain_1824	15.5%	percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday	unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 18 to 24), physical pain	interviews in 2008 to 2017	95% CI 15.3% to 15.7%	168,532 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
pain_5564	28.5%	percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday	unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 55 to 64), physical pain	interviews in 2008 to 2017	95% CI 28.2% to 28.9%	551,195 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
pain_7594	26.4%	percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday	unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 75 to 94), physical pain	interviews in 2008 to 2017	95% CI 26.2% to 26.6%	342,096 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
pain_inc_high_4554	15.7%	percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday	unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known with household income $90,000 or more (age 45 to 54), physical pain	interviews in 2009 to 2014	95% CI 15.4% to 16.0%	79,725 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
pain_inc_high_7594	20.9%	percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday	unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known with household income $90,000 or more (age 75 to 94), physical pain	interviews in 2009 to 2014	95% CI 20.3% to 21.5%	17,647 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
pain_inc_low_4554	41.2%	percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday	unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known with household income Under $36,000 (age 45 to 54), physical pain	interviews in 2009 to 2014	95% CI 40.6% to 41.8%	77,087 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
pain_inc_low_7594	30.5%	percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday	unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known with household income Under $36,000 (age 75 to 94), physical pain	interviews in 2009 to 2014	95% CI 30.2% to 30.9%	85,614 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
pain_peak	60	years of age	age of the highest point of the five-year moving average of the share reporting the feeling by year of age (ages 20 to 92 searched, refined between whole years by a parabola), interval from a bootstrap over counties	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known, physical pain	interviews in 2008 to 2017	95% CI 58 to 61	2,584,986 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
place_fall_diff	−0.06	ladder points, most deprived third minus least deprived third	difference between the two groups in the change of the unweighted mean ladder score from ages 25 to 34 to ages 45 to 54, interval from a bootstrap over counties	adults with a ladder score aged 25 to 54 in the extreme thirds of interviews by county Area Deprivation Index	interviews in 2009 to 2017	95% CI −0.09 to −0.03	407,100 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
place_gap_ladder_1824	−0.07	ladder points, most deprived third minus least deprived third	unweighted difference in the mean ladder score between the two groups of interviews, interval clustered by county	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 18 to 24), in the extreme thirds of interviews by county Area Deprivation Index	interviews in 2009 to 2017	95% CI −0.10 to −0.04	99,885 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
place_gap_ladder_4554	−0.21	ladder points, most deprived third minus least deprived third	unweighted difference in the mean ladder score between the two groups of interviews, interval clustered by county	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 45 to 54), in the extreme thirds of interviews by county Area Deprivation Index	interviews in 2009 to 2017	95% CI −0.24 to −0.17	253,746 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
place_gap_ladder_7594	−0.12	ladder points, most deprived third minus least deprived third	unweighted difference in the mean ladder score between the two groups of interviews, interval clustered by county	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 75 to 94), in the extreme thirds of interviews by county Area Deprivation Index	interviews in 2009 to 2017	95% CI −0.15 to −0.09	190,633 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
place_gap_pain_1824	+0.9	percentage points, most deprived third minus least deprived third	unweighted difference in the mean indicator of physical pain yesterday between the two groups of interviews, interval clustered by county	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 18 to 24), in the extreme thirds of interviews by county Area Deprivation Index	interviews in 2008 to 2017	95% CI 0.3 to 1.4	112,592 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
place_gap_pain_4554	+6.8	percentage points, most deprived third minus least deprived third	unweighted difference in the mean indicator of physical pain yesterday between the two groups of interviews, interval clustered by county	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 45 to 54), in the extreme thirds of interviews by county Area Deprivation Index	interviews in 2008 to 2017	95% CI 6.0 to 7.6	309,173 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
place_max_enjoy	1.5	percentage points, absolute difference	largest absolute difference across the seven age bands between the most and least deprived thirds in the share reporting the feeling yesterday (n is the smallest band)	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (enjoyment), in the extreme thirds of interviews by county Area Deprivation Index, the largest of the seven age bands	interviews in 2008 to 2017		112,542 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
place_max_sad	2.1	percentage points, absolute difference	largest absolute difference across the seven age bands between the most and least deprived thirds in the share reporting the feeling yesterday (n is the smallest band)	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (sadness), in the extreme thirds of interviews by county Area Deprivation Index, the largest of the seven age bands	interviews in 2008 to 2016		103,310 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
place_max_stress	1.3	percentage points, absolute difference	largest absolute difference across the seven age bands between the most and least deprived thirds in the share reporting the feeling yesterday (n is the smallest band)	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (stress), in the extreme thirds of interviews by county Area Deprivation Index, the largest of the seven age bands	interviews in 2008 to 2017		112,582 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
place_max_worry	2.9	percentage points, absolute difference	largest absolute difference across the seven age bands between the most and least deprived thirds in the share reporting the feeling yesterday (n is the smallest band)	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (worry), in the extreme thirds of interviews by county Area Deprivation Index, the largest of the seven age bands	interviews in 2008 to 2017		112,597 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
quad_all5	47	years of age	age at which a quadratic in age fitted to the ladder score turns (with fixed effects for sex, marital status, education, household income and survey year), interval from a bootstrap over counties	adults with a ladder score, sex, marital status, education and household income	interviews in 2009 to 2014	95% CI 47 to 47	1,355,746 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll	A parabola forces a symmetric shape; the interval describes sampling variation of this fit and not whether the shape is right.
quad_raw	44	years of age	age at which a quadratic in age fitted to the ladder score turns, interval from a bootstrap over counties	adults with a ladder score, sex, marital status, education and household income	interviews in 2009 to 2014	95% CI 44 to 45	1,355,746 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll	A parabola forces a symmetric shape; the interval describes sampling variation of this fit and not whether the shape is right.
rise_adj	+0.91	ladder points, later age band minus earlier age band	mean of the ladder profile at ages 75 to 94 minus the mean at ages 45 to 54, each year of age weighted by its number of interviews (a raw profile gives the difference of the two band means), interval from a bootstrap over counties; adjusted for sex, marital status, education, household income and survey year	adults with a ladder score, sex, marital status, education and household income	interviews in 2009 to 2014	95% CI 0.90 to 0.93	1,355,746 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
rise_all	+0.54	ladder points, later age band minus earlier age band	mean of the ladder profile at ages 75 to 94 minus the mean at ages 45 to 54, each year of age weighted by its number of interviews (a raw profile gives the difference of the two band means), interval from a bootstrap over counties	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known	interviews in 2009 to 2017	95% CI 0.53 to 0.55	2,180,433 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
rise_cc_raw	+0.56	ladder points, later age band minus earlier age band	mean of the ladder profile at ages 75 to 94 minus the mean at ages 45 to 54, each year of age weighted by its number of interviews (a raw profile gives the difference of the two band means), interval from a bootstrap over counties	adults with a ladder score, sex, marital status, education and household income	interviews in 2009 to 2014	95% CI 0.54 to 0.57	1,355,746 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
rise_inc_high	+0.37	ladder points, later age band minus earlier age band	mean of the ladder profile at ages 75 to 94 minus the mean at ages 45 to 54, each year of age weighted by its number of interviews (a raw profile gives the difference of the two band means), interval from a bootstrap over counties	adults with a ladder score and household income $90,000 or more	interviews in 2009 to 2014	95% CI 0.33 to 0.40	310,559 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
rise_inc_low	+1.15	ladder points, later age band minus earlier age band	mean of the ladder profile at ages 75 to 94 minus the mean at ages 45 to 54, each year of age weighted by its number of interviews (a raw profile gives the difference of the two band means), interval from a bootstrap over counties	adults with a ladder score and household income Under $36,000	interviews in 2009 to 2014	95% CI 1.13 to 1.18	485,159 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
rise_inc_mid	+0.69	ladder points, later age band minus earlier age band	mean of the ladder profile at ages 75 to 94 minus the mean at ages 45 to 54, each year of age weighted by its number of interviews (a raw profile gives the difference of the two band means), interval from a bootstrap over counties	adults with a ladder score and household income $36,000 to $89,999	interviews in 2009 to 2014	95% CI 0.67 to 0.71	567,870 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
sad_2534	14.9%	percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday	unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 25 to 34), sadness	interviews in 2008 to 2016	95% CI 14.6% to 15.2%	248,243 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
sad_4554	18.6%	percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday	unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 45 to 54), sadness	interviews in 2008 to 2016	95% CI 18.3% to 18.8%	437,483 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
sad_7594	16.1%	percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday	unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 75 to 94), sadness	interviews in 2008 to 2016	95% CI 15.9% to 16.3%	323,919 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
sadness_peak	55	years of age	age of the highest point of the five-year moving average of the share reporting the feeling by year of age (ages 20 to 92 searched, refined between whole years by a parabola), interval from a bootstrap over counties	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known, sadness	interviews in 2008 to 2016	95% CI 55 to 55	2,427,607 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
stress_2534	48.6%	percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday	unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 25 to 34), stress	interviews in 2008 to 2017	95% CI 48.3% to 48.9%	269,066 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
stress_4554	44.6%	percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday	unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 45 to 54), stress	interviews in 2008 to 2017	95% CI 44.3% to 44.8%	462,026 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
stress_7594	18.0%	percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday	unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 75 to 94), stress	interviews in 2008 to 2017	95% CI 17.8% to 18.2%	342,420 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
stress_inc_high_4554	42.4%	percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday	unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known with household income $90,000 or more (age 45 to 54), stress	interviews in 2009 to 2014	95% CI 42.0% to 42.8%	79,721 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
stress_inc_high_7594	16.6%	percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday	unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known with household income $90,000 or more (age 75 to 94), stress	interviews in 2009 to 2014	95% CI 15.9% to 17.2%	17,665 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
stress_inc_low_4554	52.6%	percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday	unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known with household income Under $36,000 (age 45 to 54), stress	interviews in 2009 to 2014	95% CI 52.1% to 53.2%	77,096 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
stress_inc_low_7594	20.2%	percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday	unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known with household income Under $36,000 (age 75 to 94), stress	interviews in 2009 to 2014	95% CI 19.9% to 20.5%	85,699 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
stress_peak	26	years of age	age of the highest point of the five-year moving average of the share reporting the feeling by year of age (ages 20 to 92 searched, refined between whole years by a parabola), interval from a bootstrap over counties	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known, stress	interviews in 2008 to 2017	95% CI 25 to 33	2,585,120 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
turn_all5	48	years of age	age of the lowest point of the five-year moving average of the mean ladder score by year of age (ages 20 to 92 searched, refined between whole years by a parabola through the lowest point and its neighbours), interval from a bootstrap over counties	adults with a ladder score, sex, marital status, education and household income	interviews in 2009 to 2014	95% CI 48 to 54	1,355,746 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
turn_cc_raw	54	years of age	age of the lowest point of the five-year moving average of the mean ladder score by year of age (ages 20 to 92 searched, refined between whole years by a parabola through the lowest point and its neighbours), interval from a bootstrap over counties	adults with a ladder score, sex, marital status, education and household income	interviews in 2009 to 2014	95% CI 51 to 55	1,355,746 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
turn_h_plus	48	years of age	age of the lowest point of the five-year moving average of the mean ladder score by year of age (ages 20 to 92 searched, refined between whole years by a parabola through the lowest point and its neighbours), interval from a bootstrap over counties	adults with a ladder score, sex, marital status, education and household income and a self-rated health answer	interviews in 2009 to 2014	95% CI 47 to 48	1,354,627 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
turn_inc_high	24	years of age	age of the lowest point of the five-year moving average of the mean ladder score by year of age (ages 20 to 92 searched, refined between whole years by a parabola through the lowest point and its neighbours), interval from a bootstrap over counties	adults with a ladder score and household income $90,000 or more	interviews in 2009 to 2014	95% CI 23 to 24	310,559 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
turn_inc_low	54	years of age	age of the lowest point of the five-year moving average of the mean ladder score by year of age (ages 20 to 92 searched, refined between whole years by a parabola through the lowest point and its neighbours), interval from a bootstrap over counties	adults with a ladder score and household income Under $36,000	interviews in 2009 to 2014	95% CI 54 to 55	485,159 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
turn_inc_mid	48	years of age	age of the lowest point of the five-year moving average of the mean ladder score by year of age (ages 20 to 92 searched, refined between whole years by a parabola through the lowest point and its neighbours), interval from a bootstrap over counties	adults with a ladder score and household income $36,000 to $89,999	interviews in 2009 to 2014	95% CI 48 to 51	567,870 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
turn_income	48	years of age	age of the lowest point of the five-year moving average of the mean ladder score by year of age (ages 20 to 92 searched, refined between whole years by a parabola through the lowest point and its neighbours), interval from a bootstrap over counties	adults with a ladder score, sex, marital status, education and household income	interviews in 2009 to 2014	95% CI 48 to 54	1,355,746 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
turn_marital	54	years of age	age of the lowest point of the five-year moving average of the mean ladder score by year of age (ages 20 to 92 searched, refined between whole years by a parabola through the lowest point and its neighbours), interval from a bootstrap over counties	adults with a ladder score, sex, marital status, education and household income	interviews in 2009 to 2014	95% CI 48 to 54	1,355,746 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
turn_place_least	54	years of age	age of the lowest point of the five-year moving average of the mean ladder score by year of age (ages 20 to 92 searched, refined between whole years by a parabola through the lowest point and its neighbours), interval from a bootstrap over counties	adults with a ladder score in the least deprived third of interviews by county Area Deprivation Index	interviews in 2009 to 2017	95% CI 51 to 56	718,005 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
turn_place_mid	54	years of age	age of the lowest point of the five-year moving average of the mean ladder score by year of age (ages 20 to 92 searched, refined between whole years by a parabola through the lowest point and its neighbours), interval from a bootstrap over counties	adults with a ladder score in the middle third of interviews by county Area Deprivation Index	interviews in 2009 to 2017	95% CI 52 to 55	730,419 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
turn_place_most	51	years of age	age of the lowest point of the five-year moving average of the mean ladder score by year of age (ages 20 to 92 searched, refined between whole years by a parabola through the lowest point and its neighbours), interval from a bootstrap over counties	adults with a ladder score in the most deprived third of interviews by county Area Deprivation Index	interviews in 2009 to 2017	95% CI 48 to 54	731,406 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
turn_sex	54	years of age	age of the lowest point of the five-year moving average of the mean ladder score by year of age (ages 20 to 92 searched, refined between whole years by a parabola through the lowest point and its neighbours), interval from a bootstrap over counties	adults with a ladder score, sex, marital status, education and household income	interviews in 2009 to 2014	95% CI 51 to 55	1,355,746 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
worry_4554	35.4%	percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday	unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 45 to 54), worry	interviews in 2008 to 2017	95% CI 35.2% to 35.7%	462,072 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
worry_7594	18.6%	percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday	unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 75 to 94), worry	interviews in 2008 to 2017	95% CI 18.4% to 18.8%	342,365 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
worry_peak	48	years of age	age of the highest point of the five-year moving average of the share reporting the feeling by year of age (ages 20 to 92 searched, refined between whole years by a parabola), interval from a bootstrap over counties	adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known, worry	interviews in 2008 to 2017	95% CI 47 to 49	2,585,390 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
young_fall_adj	−0.71	ladder points, later age band minus earlier age band	mean of the ladder profile at ages 45 to 54 minus the mean at ages 18 to 24, each year of age weighted by its number of interviews (a raw profile gives the difference of the two band means), interval from a bootstrap over counties; adjusted for sex, marital status, education, household income and survey year	adults with a ladder score, sex, marital status, education and household income	interviews in 2009 to 2014	95% CI −0.73 to −0.69	1,355,746 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll
young_fall_cc_raw	−0.28	ladder points, later age band minus earlier age band	mean of the ladder profile at ages 45 to 54 minus the mean at ages 18 to 24, each year of age weighted by its number of interviews (a raw profile gives the difference of the two band means), interval from a bootstrap over counties	adults with a ladder score, sex, marital status, education and household income	interviews in 2009 to 2014	95% CI −0.30 to −0.26	1,355,746 respondents	none (unweighted)	Gallup U.S. Daily Poll

Definitions

Cantril ladder: A survey question that asks people to place their life on a ladder whose bottom step is the worst possible life and whose top step is the best possible. It measures how people evaluate their life as a whole, not how they felt yesterday.
Survey weights: Numbers attached to survey respondents that say how many people in the population each one represents, so that results describe the whole population and not only the people who answered.
Area Deprivation Index (ADI): A score that ranks neighborhoods by income, education, employment and housing conditions drawn from the American Community Survey. In this book a higher national percentile means a more deprived neighborhood.

Methods

This chapter compares Gallup interviewees by year of age, age band, household income group, deprivation third and birth cohort. The extract has no survey weights, so all estimates are unweighted, and the county deprivation measure is dated after the interviews. The ladder of 2008 is set to missing, the income groups and adjusted profiles use interviews in 2009 to 2014 only, and the ladder and the feelings are different measures asked in different years and are never combined. Intervals are clustered by the respondent's county.

Who was interviewed

Gallup respondent rows are read inside Box through the project loader and aggregated; nothing at respondent level is published. All estimates are unweighted.

Age is whole years at interview, 18 to 94 (the extract has no age above 94 and does not top-code it); interviews with no county are left out.

Figures explained here: Figure 1 and Figure 2

Which questions and years each measure covers

The ladder of 2008 is set to missing for every estimate, because political questions that preceded the ladder in 2008 and the first months of 2009 lowered it (Deaton 2012); the extract has no interview month, so early 2009 interviews may carry part of the effect. The feelings keep 2008.

The ladder was asked of 85% of interviews in 2009, of nearly all in 2010 to 2012 and of 49% from 2013 to 2017; the feelings follow a similar pattern in the years they were asked, so the pooled profiles weight 2008 to 2012 most.

The ladder (an evaluation of life as a whole) and the feelings (yes or no answers about the previous day) are different measures and are never combined.

Why household income covers 2009 to 2014

Everything that uses household income, the income groups and the adjusted profiles, uses interviews in 2009 to 2014, because the share of income reporters at $90,000 or more rises from 23% in 2014 to 35% in 2017; the same contrasts for 2015 to 2017 are shown separately.

Household income is Gallup's harmonized six brackets in dollars of the interview year, collapsed to under $36,000, $36,000 to $89,999 and $90,000 or more.

Figure explained here: Figure 4

How deprivation thirds are built

Deprivation thirds rank interviews by the Area Deprivation Index 2023 of the respondent's county (the mean of the county's tract national ranks weighted by 2019-2023 tract population; Connecticut tracts move to the eight legacy counties; Puerto Rico is excluded), a measure dated after the interviews, and cut them into three groups of about equal numbers of interviews, with a county in one group; the groups hold different numbers of counties.

Figure explained here: Figure 3

How profiles, turning ages and cohorts are built

The age of the lowest or highest point of a profile is the minimum or maximum of its five-year moving average (each age averaged with the two ages on either side), searched over ages 20 to 92 and refined between whole years by the vertex of a parabola through the extreme and its two neighbours (at most half a year).

Adjusted profiles come from an unweighted least-squares regression of the outcome on a fixed effect for each year of age and fixed effects for sex, marital status (three groups), education (three groups), household income (six brackets) and survey year, and are evaluated at the sample's mix of the controls. The quadratic fit replaces the age effects with a constant, (age - 50) / 10 and its square, and its turning age is 50 - 5b/c for linear coefficient b and quadratic coefficient c, defined when c is positive.

The difference between age bands in a profile is the mean of the profile over the later band minus the mean over the earlier band, each year of age weighted by its number of interviews, so for a raw profile it is the difference of the two band means.

A birth cohort is the interview year minus age, in groups of ten birth years. The change among all adults that a cohort is compared with is age-standardized: the mean over single years of age 50 to 67 of the change at that age between 2009 and 2017, because the interview sample was younger in 2017 than in 2009.

Figures explained here: Figure 5 and Figure 6

How uncertainty is measured

Means and shares by year of age, age band, household income group, deprivation third or birth cohort have 95% intervals clustered by the respondent's county (derived from the ZIP code), from the linearized variance with counties as clusters and t distributions with the number of counties minus one degrees of freedom.

Intervals for turning ages, adjusted profiles and differences between age bands come from a bootstrap that resamples whole counties with replacement (2,000 replicates, seed 12345) and refits the regression or recomputes the group means in every replicate from the redrawn county sums.

What these data cannot show

The poll ends in 2017, and later years may differ. Chapter 4.5, Mental distress in young adults (https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/mental-distress-in-young-adults) follows frequent mental distress among young adults from 2014 in a different survey, and Chapter 6.2, Civic life, loneliness and partnership (https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/civic-life-loneliness-and-partnership) shows how the ladder gap between partnered and other adults varies by age band in the same Gallup data. No figure in this chapter follows a person through life.

References

Deaton, Angus (2012). The financial crisis and the well-being of Americans: 2011 OEP Hicks Lecture. Oxford Economic Papers 64(1): 1-26. doi:10.1093/oep/gpr051
Stone, Arthur A.; Schwartz, Joseph E.; Broderick, Joan E.; Deaton, Angus (2010). A snapshot of the age distribution of psychological well-being in the United States. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107(22): 9985-9990. doi:10.1073/pnas.1003744107
Blanchflower, David G.; Oswald, Andrew J. (2008). Is well-being U-shaped over the life cycle?. Social Science & Medicine 66(8): 1733-1749. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.01.030
Blanchflower, David G. (2021). Is happiness U-shaped everywhere? Age and subjective well-being in 145 countries. Journal of Population Economics 34(2): 575-624. doi:10.1007/s00148-020-00797-z
Frijters, Paul; Beatton, Tony (2012). The mystery of the U-shaped relationship between happiness and age. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 82(2-3): 525-542. doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2012.03.008
Glenn, Norval (2009). Is the apparent U-shape of well-being over the life course a result of inappropriate use of control variables? A commentary on Blanchflower and Oswald (66: 8, 2008, 1733-1749). Social Science & Medicine 69(4): 481-485. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.05.038
Cheng, Terence C.; Powdthavee, Nattavudh; Oswald, Andrew J. (2017). Longitudinal evidence for a midlife nadir in human well-being: results from four data sets. The Economic Journal 127(599): 126-142. doi:10.1111/ecoj.12256

Provenance

Pipeline version: 0.1.0
Build script: book2/chapters/well-being-across-the-life-span/build.py (sha256 61acab29fa739f6467d5a08604479301bae5fe915e5b5939211633ffed034a57)
Built on: 2026-10-07
Site commit: c2b1ff3309cb4a10833f884da91ac0057a66ad0a

Inputs

File	Size (bytes)	SHA-256, first 1 MB	SHA-256, last 1 MB
book2/chapters/well-being-across-the-life-span/age_data.py	26,462	ee6277fc08150c892abca17eed77a7a8987d6cc84ee016572d4e216fe50cf22e	ee6277fc08150c892abca17eed77a7a8987d6cc84ee016572d4e216fe50cf22e
data/analytic/tract_atlas.parquet	39,659,925	29d5e4d943552d54aeb6ba92aadc939d9bd15bdea553c78357dbd516757be627	1e10d1ecf722340f23ee2212d4999a90250f85b65fa89b39e32db06d9472e22e
data/raw/gallup/gallup_us.parquet	209,530,597	b57c719f2c1d4749e43b1a70ca6dbd97f0480a0b538983091eea7eadfec40551	b8167235969e50da6143a0e8d3e74ffb8f7c231743acc9fb2a78130a602af6f5
data/staged/crosswalks/ct_tract2020_to_old_county.parquet	15,842	961ef39f31596ef65fca2c67d5f2f63e533c5dc9b49745d3bb6437844e4b831d	961ef39f31596ef65fca2c67d5f2f63e533c5dc9b49745d3bb6437844e4b831d

Outputs

File	SHA-256
facts.json	e17859489292c7610c9434e1c6eedcf4e5553f6255e457941076f413e3e3def5
figures/cohort_lines.json	9613d36a3bc83060273c5921a889be73c5c5ca968f14abc19bd8ef75efccc98f
figures/feelings_by_age.json	c36e1400b5722a7bee533f0d8bc7837d21e63b88922cdfe45cfc13c21efa213c
figures/ladder_by_age.json	075f2582500b359a06a0e78157b386b161b7d5a46e6f57d3bb7e609d7fd0021f
figures/ladder_turning_points.json	72017ea5c8022cdcf4e0e281bdd0704a62d213058881efb9aab8b0b3713fb98e
figures/profiles_by_income.json	36a8d4b4e605720b3639e990eedb6482a78766e0171a60ad61aa12d02c8b3b06
figures/profiles_by_place.json	e526a1644fe967dcc12dacac235a4be853de5f78613fa02f08ddd694dbb66b2a
meta.json	602937578088c2357483d704f8328b0bb370e427afd1ed8ba89b45bb5834a2b1
refs.json	b061ac27ab739f809f8ed3769b7a1c470af341fe7efbe8d983c66d7c6ca314d2

Machine formats

Report (Markdown): https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/well-being-across-the-life-span/report.md
Every estimate (JSON): https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/report/well-being-across-the-life-span/facts.json
Table 1, figure "ladder_by_age" (JSON): https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/report/well-being-across-the-life-span/figures/ladder_by_age.json
Table 2, figure "feelings_by_age" (JSON): https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/report/well-being-across-the-life-span/figures/feelings_by_age.json
Table 3, figure "profiles_by_place" (JSON): https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/report/well-being-across-the-life-span/figures/profiles_by_place.json
Table 4, figure "profiles_by_income" (JSON): https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/report/well-being-across-the-life-span/figures/profiles_by_income.json
Table 5, figure "ladder_turning_points" (JSON): https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/report/well-being-across-the-life-span/figures/ladder_turning_points.json
Table 6, figure "cohort_lines" (JSON): https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/report/well-being-across-the-life-span/figures/cohort_lines.json
Index of every report: https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/llms.txt; all reports in one file: https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/llms-full.txt