# Well-being across the life span: report

Chapter 6.4 of ZIP Code Destiny, by Vishal Singh (NYU Stern). Generated from the chapter's data files; the reading version is at https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/well-being-across-the-life-span. Table n of this report is figure n of the chapter.

## Identification

- Title: Well-being across the life span
- Label: Two clocks of a life
- Chapter: 6.4 (Part VI, Environment, connection and well-being; An American life)
- Question: How do life evaluation and daily emotions change with age, and does the pattern differ between richer and poorer places?
- Dek: In Gallup interviews from 2009 to 2017, life evaluation averaged 6.84 at ages 45 to 54 and 7.38 at ages 75 to 94, and the lowest point of the unadjusted profile by year of age falls at age 54.
- Grain: individuals
- Status: published
- Published: 2026-10-09
- Updated: not revised
- Data sources:
  - Gallup U.S. Daily Poll. Gallup U.S. Daily tracking poll, 2008-2017: Cantril ladder score (2009-2017), feelings yesterday, age, household income, sex, marital status, education and self-rated health; aggregates only; years: 2008-2017; weights: none (unweighted)
  - Area Deprivation Index. Area Deprivation Index 2023, national rank, tract ranks averaged to counties and joined to the county of each interview (2008-2017); years: 2023 release (version 4.0.1; built on ACS 2019-2023); weights: 2019-2023 tract population
  - American Community Survey. ACS 2019-2023 tract population, the weight for averaging tract deprivation ranks to counties; years: 2019-2023 (5-year); weights: 2019-2023 tract population
- Canonical URL: https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/well-being-across-the-life-span
- Report: https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/well-being-across-the-life-span/report
- Markdown: https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/well-being-across-the-life-span/report.md
- BibTeX key: singh2026wellbeingacrossthelifespan

```bibtex
@misc{singh2026wellbeingacrossthelifespan,
  author = {Singh, Vishal},
  title = {Well-being across the life span},
  year = {2026},
  url = {https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/well-being-across-the-life-span},
  note = {In ZIP Code Destiny. Published 9 October 2026.}
}
```

## Principal estimates

The facts the dek and the opening prose cite, in order of appearance.

| Estimand | Population | Period | Value | Interval | n | Weights | Source | Fact id |
| --- | --- | --- | ---: | --- | ---: | --- | --- | --- |
| unweighted mean of the 0 to 10 ladder score, interval clustered by the respondent's county | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 45 to 54) | interviews in 2009 to 2017 | 6.84 | 95% CI 6.82 to 6.86 | 380,027 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll | ladder_45_54 |
| definition used in this chapter, not an estimate | an age group of adults defined in this chapter | ladder interviews in 2009 to 2017 and feelings interviews in 2008 to 2017 | 45 to 54 |   |   | none (definition) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll | band_4554 |
| unweighted mean of the 0 to 10 ladder score, interval clustered by the respondent's county | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 75 to 94) | interviews in 2009 to 2017 | 7.38 | 95% CI 7.37 to 7.39 | 289,487 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll | ladder_75_94 |
| definition used in this chapter, not an estimate | an age group of adults defined in this chapter | ladder interviews in 2009 to 2017 and feelings interviews in 2008 to 2017 | 75 to 94 |   |   | none (definition) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll | band_7594 |
| age of the lowest point of the five-year moving average of the mean ladder score by year of age (ages 20 to 92 searched, refined between whole years by a parabola through the lowest point and its neighbours), interval from a bootstrap over counties | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known | interviews in 2009 to 2017 | 54 | 95% CI 51 to 54 | 2,180,433 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll | ladder_turn |
| unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 25 to 34), stress | interviews in 2008 to 2017 | 48.6% | 95% CI 48.3% to 48.9% | 269,066 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll | stress_2534 |
| definition used in this chapter, not an estimate | an age group of adults defined in this chapter | ladder interviews in 2009 to 2017 and feelings interviews in 2008 to 2017 | 25 to 34 |   |   | none (definition) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll | band_2534 |
| unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 75 to 94), stress | interviews in 2008 to 2017 | 18.0% | 95% CI 17.8% to 18.2% | 342,420 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll | stress_7594 |
| definition used in this chapter, not an estimate (Gallup's harmonized brackets, not adjusted for inflation) | the upper limit of the lowest household income group | interviews in 2009 to 2014 | $36,000 |   |   | none (definition) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll | inc_cut_low |
| definition used in this chapter, not an estimate (Gallup's harmonized brackets, not adjusted for inflation) | the lower limit of the highest household income group | interviews in 2009 to 2014 | $90,000 |   |   | none (definition) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll | inc_cut_high |
| definition used in this chapter, not an estimate | an age group of adults defined in this chapter | ladder interviews in 2009 to 2017 and feelings interviews in 2008 to 2017 | 35 to 44 |   |   | none (definition) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll | band_3544 |
| age of the lowest point of the five-year moving average of the mean ladder score by year of age (ages 20 to 92 searched, refined between whole years by a parabola through the lowest point and its neighbours), interval from a bootstrap over counties | adults with a ladder score, sex, marital status, education and household income | interviews in 2009 to 2014 | 54 | 95% CI 51 to 55 | 1,355,746 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll | turn_cc_raw |
| age of the lowest point of the five-year moving average of the mean ladder score by year of age (ages 20 to 92 searched, refined between whole years by a parabola through the lowest point and its neighbours), interval from a bootstrap over counties | adults with a ladder score, sex, marital status, education and household income | interviews in 2009 to 2014 | 48 | 95% CI 48 to 54 | 1,355,746 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll | turn_all5 |
| age at which a quadratic in age fitted to the ladder score turns, interval from a bootstrap over counties | adults with a ladder score, sex, marital status, education and household income | interviews in 2009 to 2014 | 44 | 95% CI 44 to 45 | 1,355,746 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll | quad_raw |

## Findings

In Gallup interviews from 2009 to 2017, adults rated their lives 6.84 (95% CI 6.82 to 6.86) on average at ages 45 to 54 and 7.38 (95% CI 7.37 to 7.39) at ages 75 to 94, on the Cantril ladder, which runs from the worst possible life to the best possible one. The lowest point of the profile by year of age falls at age 54 (95% CI 51 to 54). Daily feelings follow other schedules. On the day before the interview, 48.6% of adults aged 25 to 34 reported stress for a lot of the day, against 18.0% of those aged 75 to 94.

These profiles compare people of different ages interviewed in the same years. A person aged 75 to 94 in these data was born earlier than a person aged 45 to 54, so a difference between them reflects age and birth cohort together, the cohort being the group of people born in the same years, and the oldest interviewees are also the survivors of their cohort. None of the profiles is the path of one person's life.

Two results qualify the shape of the ladder profile. The midlife fall is much larger in households with annual income under $36,000 than in households of $90,000 or more, where the ladder is level from ages 25 to 34 to ages 35 to 44 and falls only modestly afterward (Table 4). The age of the lowest point also depends on what is held fixed. It is 54 (95% CI 51 to 55) in the raw profile of interviews with household income, 48 (95% CI 48 to 54) after adjusting for sex, marital status, education, household income and survey year, and 44 (95% CI 44 to 45) in a quadratic fit (Table 5).

### What the poll can compare

The file holds 3,457,670 interviews of adults aged 18 to 94 with a known county, in 3,142 counties, 2,180,433 of them with a usable ladder score. The extract does not top-code age, and the cells at the oldest ages are smaller, so their intervals are wider. Gallup's extract has no survey weights, so every estimate here is unweighted and its levels can differ from the weighted figures Gallup publishes. Intervals are clustered by the respondent's county, which is derived from the ZIP code. The poll drew a new sample every day, so it is a repeated cross-section and not a panel, and no respondent is followed from one year to the next.

The ladder asks respondents to rate their present life as a whole. The feelings are yes or no answers about whether the respondent had a feeling for a lot of the day before the interview: enjoyment, happiness, worry, stress, sadness, anger and physical pain. The two kinds of measure are never combined into an index. The ladder, enjoyment, worry, stress and physical pain were asked in 2008 to 2017, happiness and sadness in 2008 to 2016, and anger in 2008 to 2013 and 2016. From 2013 each item was asked of 49% of interviews, and the ladder reached 85% of interviews in 2009.

The ladder of 2008 is left out of every estimate. In 2008 Gallup asked political questions before the ladder, which lowered the ladder scores, and it removed them for part of the sample in January 2009 and added a transition question in April 2009.[1] The 2008 ladder averaged 6.69 (95% CI 6.68 to 6.71), against 7.03 (95% CI 7.02 to 7.04) in 2009, and the difference is between 0.29 (95% CI 0.26 to 0.32) and 0.38 (95% CI 0.35 to 0.41) ladder points in every age band. The extract has no interview month, so early 2009 interviews may carry part of the same artifact, and the 2009 ladder is kept with that caveat. The feelings keep 2008, because the question order affected them less. The largest difference between their 2008 and 2009 levels is −1.6 (95% CI −1.8 to −1.3) points, for worry, which was lower in 2008 and not higher.

### The ladder is lowest in midlife and highest in old age

Table 1 plots the mean ladder score for each year of age. The score falls from 7.25 (95% CI 7.23 to 7.28) at age 18 to 6.93 (95% CI 6.91 to 6.96) at age 25 and changes little from ages 25 to 34 to ages 35 to 44. It falls again to its lowest five-year average at age 54 (95% CI 51 to 54) and then rises to its highest values among the oldest adults.

By age band the mean is 6.84 (95% CI 6.82 to 6.86) at ages 45 to 54, a change of −0.15 (95% CI −0.16 to −0.13) ladder points from the mean of 6.99 (95% CI 6.97 to 7.00) at ages 25 to 34. At ages 75 to 94 it is 7.38 (95% CI 7.37 to 7.39), a change of +0.54 (95% CI 0.53 to 0.55) from midlife. The rise from midlife to old age is larger than the fall into midlife.

Table 1. Mean life evaluation falls from 7.03 among adults 18 to 24 to 6.84 among adults 45 to 54 and is 7.38 among adults 75 to 94

Stone and colleagues found the same shape in the 2008 Gallup-Healthways survey, and Blanchflower and Oswald and later Blanchflower report a low in middle age across many countries.[2][3][4] The profile here is a wave more than a parabola. It begins high at age 18, with a mean of 7.03 (95% CI 7.02 to 7.05) at ages 18 to 24, and drops to a first low among young adults. It then flattens, falls to the lowest point around age 54 and climbs to a higher level than any it had before. Frijters and Beatton describe a similar wave in the raw profiles of three household panels.[5]

### Daily feelings follow other schedules

Table 2 shows the seven feelings. Enjoyment and happiness reach their lowest points in midlife, at ages 52 (95% CI 52 to 53) and 54 (95% CI 54 to 56), close to the ladder's lowest point. They differ from the ladder at the other end, where the ladder is higher at ages 75 to 94 than at ages 18 to 24.

Enjoyment is 88.3% (95% CI 88.1% to 88.6%) at ages 18 to 24, 82.6% (95% CI 82.4% to 82.8%) at ages 45 to 54 and 88.5% (95% CI 88.3% to 88.7%) at ages 75 to 94, back at its youngest level. Happiness goes from 91.9% (95% CI 91.7% to 92.1%) to 86.6% (95% CI 86.4% to 86.8%) and 90.0% (95% CI 89.8% to 90.2%), staying below its youngest level.

The negative experiences do not share that shape. Stress is highest in early adulthood, at age 26 (95% CI 25 to 33). It is 48.6% (95% CI 48.3% to 48.9%) at ages 25 to 34, 44.6% (95% CI 44.3% to 44.8%) at ages 45 to 54 and 18.0% (95% CI 17.8% to 18.2%) at ages 75 to 94.

Worry peaks in midlife, at age 48 (95% CI 47 to 49), with 35.4% (95% CI 35.2% to 35.7%) of adults at ages 45 to 54 and 18.6% (95% CI 18.4% to 18.8%) at ages 75 to 94. Anger falls from the youngest ages, from 16.5% (95% CI 16.3% to 16.8%) to 6.2% (95% CI 6.0% to 6.3%).

Sadness moves in a narrow range, 14.9% (95% CI 14.6% to 15.2%) at ages 25 to 34, 18.6% (95% CI 18.3% to 18.8%) at ages 45 to 54 and 16.1% (95% CI 15.9% to 16.3%) at ages 75 to 94, and peaks near age 55 (95% CI 55 to 55).

Physical pain rises from 15.5% at ages 18 to 24 to 28.5% at ages 55 to 64 and stays near that level afterward. It peaks near age 60 (95% CI 58 to 61) and is 26.4% (95% CI 26.2% to 26.6%) at ages 75 to 94.

Table 2. Stress, worry and anger are lower among older adults, enjoyment and happiness are lowest in midlife, and physical pain peaks near age 60

The contrast is therefore between two groups of measures. The ladder, enjoyment and happiness reach their lowest points in midlife, and stress, worry and anger are lower among older adults than among younger ones, while pain is more common. Stone and colleagues reported the same patterns for stress, anger and worry in the 2008 survey.[2] The daily feelings of older adults are not brighter in every respect, but they include fewer days of stress and worry, and the pain profile reaches a plateau after its peak and does not keep climbing.

### Richer and poorer places

To ask whether the profile differs between richer and poorer places, each interview is placed in one of three groups of about equal numbers of interviews by the Area Deprivation Index of the respondent's county, the book's measure of neighborhood deprivation. The groups are thirds of interviews and not of counties. Interviews come mostly from large counties, so the least deprived third comes from 274 counties, the middle third from 655 and the most deprived third from 2,193. The 2023 version of the index is joined to interviews from 2008 to 2017, so it describes each county as it was later. 931 interviews in counties with no rank are left out. Chapter 6.3, Life evaluation and daily feelings (https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/life-evaluation-and-daily-feelings) asks how the ladder and the feelings differ across places at all ages. The question here is whether the age profile changes with place.

It has a midlife low and a later rise in all three groups, and the midlife fall is deeper in the most deprived third. The fall from ages 25 to 34 to ages 45 to 54 is −0.11 (95% CI −0.14 to −0.09) ladder points in the least deprived third and −0.17 (95% CI −0.19 to −0.15) in the most deprived, with intervals that do not overlap, and the difference between the two falls is −0.06 (95% CI −0.09 to −0.03) ladder points.

The lowest ladder point is at age 54 (95% CI 51 to 56) in the least deprived third, 54 (95% CI 52 to 55) in the middle third and 51 (95% CI 48 to 54) in the most deprived, so it is earlier in the most deprived third, although the intervals overlap (Table 3).

The ladder gap between the most and the least deprived third is −0.07 (95% CI −0.10 to −0.04) ladder points at ages 18 to 24, −0.21 (95% CI −0.24 to −0.17) at ages 45 to 54 and −0.12 (95% CI −0.15 to −0.09) at ages 75 to 94. It is widest in midlife, where scores average 6.94 (95% CI 6.90 to 6.97) in the least deprived third and 6.73 (95% CI 6.71 to 6.75) in the most deprived.

Table 3. The ladder falls into midlife and rises after it in every third of interviews by county deprivation, and the fall from ages 25 to 34 to ages 45 to 54 is −0.17 points in the most deprived third and −0.11 in the least

Most feelings show little place gap (the last tab of Table 3). The largest difference between the extreme thirds in any age band is 1.3 points for stress, 1.5 for enjoyment, 2.1 for sadness and 2.9 for worry.

Physical pain is the exception. It is more common in the most deprived third, with gaps of +0.9 (95% CI 0.3 to 1.4) points at ages 18 to 24 and +6.8 (95% CI 6.0 to 7.6) points at ages 45 to 54. The groups describe where a person lives, and counties differ in income, age mix and much else, so the comparison does not say what place does to well-being.

### The midlife fall is much larger in lower-income households

Table 4 repeats the profiles within three groups of households: those with annual income under $36,000, those between $36,000 and $90,000, and those at $90,000 or more. Income is the household's and includes a partner's earnings. It is reported in dollars of the interview year, and 81% of interviews report it. Each line holds the household's income bracket fixed, so it compares people of similar income at different ages. The figure uses interviews in 2009 to 2014 only.

The share of income reporters at $90,000 or more was 23% (95% CI 22% to 24%) in 2014 and 35% (95% CI 34% to 36%) in 2017, a jump larger than inflation can explain. The income groups therefore mean something different in 2015 to 2017, and those years are reported separately below. The smallest cell of the income profiles, the highest income group at the oldest ages, holds 51 interviews, so the intervals there are wide.

Within households under $36,000, the ladder averages 6.85 (95% CI 6.83 to 6.88) at ages 18 to 24, 5.89 (95% CI 5.86 to 5.91) at ages 45 to 54 and 7.04 (95% CI 7.03 to 7.06) at ages 75 to 94. The fall from ages 25 to 34 to ages 45 to 54 is −0.59 (95% CI −0.62 to −0.56) ladder points there and −0.27 (95% CI −0.29 to −0.26) between the cutoffs, where the mean at ages 45 to 54 is 6.86 (95% CI 6.85 to 6.88).

The profile of households of $90,000 or more is different but not flat. Its mean is 7.50 (95% CI 7.48 to 7.52) at ages 25 to 34, 7.51 (95% CI 7.50 to 7.53) at ages 35 to 44 and 7.45 (95% CI 7.43 to 7.46) at ages 45 to 54, so the fall from ages 25 to 34 to ages 45 to 54 is −0.05 (95% CI −0.07 to −0.03) ladder points.

The fall from ages 35 to 44 to ages 45 to 54 is −0.07 (95% CI −0.08 to −0.05) in the highest group, against −0.27 (95% CI −0.30 to −0.24) and −0.12 (95% CI −0.13 to −0.10) in the other two groups. The midlife fall in the highest group is far smaller and not absent. The rise after midlife is +1.15 (95% CI 1.13 to 1.18) in the lowest group, +0.69 (95% CI 0.67 to 0.71) in the middle group and +0.37 (95% CI 0.33 to 0.40) in the highest.

Table 4. The fall in life evaluation from ages 25 to 34 to ages 45 to 54 is −0.59 ladder points in households under $36,000 and −0.05 in households of $90,000 or more, where the fall from ages 35 to 44 is −0.07

In 2015 to 2017 the same contrasts for the highest group are +0.09 (95% CI 0.06 to 0.12) from ages 25 to 34 to ages 45 to 54 and −0.02 (95% CI −0.04 to 0.01) from ages 35 to 44 to ages 45 to 54. The first changes sign between the periods and the second loses its size, so a pooled value would hide a difference between periods. The change in the bracket mix makes the later years unsuitable for this comparison.

The feelings show the same split, except for stress. Physical pain at ages 45 to 54 is 41.2% (95% CI 40.6% to 41.8%) in households under $36,000 and 15.7% (95% CI 15.4% to 16.0%) in households of $90,000 or more, and enjoyment is 72.7% (95% CI 72.3% to 73.0%) and 87.6% (95% CI 87.3% to 87.9%). The pain gap narrows at older ages, to 30.5% (95% CI 30.2% to 30.9%) and 20.9% (95% CI 20.3% to 21.5%) at ages 75 to 94.

Stress is higher in the lowest income group in every age band, but it falls after midlife in every group. In the lowest group it goes from 52.6% (95% CI 52.1% to 53.2%) at ages 45 to 54 to 20.2% (95% CI 19.9% to 20.5%) at ages 75 to 94, and in the highest from 42.4% (95% CI 42.0% to 42.8%) to 16.6% (95% CI 15.9% to 17.2%). The decline of stress after midlife does not depend on income.

Holding income fixed removes one source of composition, since the mix of incomes differs by age. It does not remove all of it. Who is in the lowest income group in midlife differs from who is in it in early adulthood, and income is partly a consequence of health and well-being as well as a source of them. Chapter 7.4, Disability, retirement and Medicare (https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/disability-retirement-and-medicare) covers income, disability and retirement at older ages.

### What changes the age of the lowest point

Table 5 reports the age of the lowest point under each adjustment. In the 1,355,746 interviews from 2009 to 2014 that report sex, marital status, education and household income, the lowest point of the raw profile is at age 54 (95% CI 51 to 55). Adjusting for sex leaves it at 54 (95% CI 51 to 55), for marital status at 54 (95% CI 48 to 54) and for household income at 48 (95% CI 48 to 54), and adjusting for all five gives 48 (95% CI 48 to 54).

The point estimates for income and for all five are earlier than the raw age, and their intervals reach almost to it, because the bottom of the profile is flat with a low stretch near each age and the bootstrap lands on one or the other. The raw five-year average varies by only 0.06 ladder points between ages 46 and 56, so small differences in the sample move the lowest point within that range.

Adding self-rated health to the five, in the 1,354,627 interviews that report it, gives 48 (95% CI 47 to 48), a narrower interval. A quadratic in age puts the turning age at 44 (95% CI 44 to 45) raw and 47 (95% CI 47 to 47) adjusted. The profile is not symmetric, so a parabola turns earlier than the profile does, and the narrow intervals of the quadratic describe the fit and not whether the shape is right.

Within income groups, the lowest point is at age 54 (95% CI 54 to 55) in households under $36,000 and 48 (95% CI 48 to 51) between the cutoffs. The highest group is not given a lowest point. The search starts at age 20, and its lowest five-year average over the whole search is at age 24, in early adulthood, so its midlife fall is described by the change from ages 35 to 44 to ages 45 to 54 instead.

Table 5. Adjusting for household income moves the lowest point of the ladder profile from age 54 to age 48 with overlapping intervals, and a quadratic fit puts it at age 44, so no single age is the turning point

The adjustments deepen the dip as well as moving its low point earlier. The fall from ages 25 to 34 to ages 45 to 54 is −0.20 (95% CI −0.22 to −0.19) ladder points in the raw profile of these interviews and −0.32 (95% CI −0.33 to −0.30) after the five adjustments. The fall from ages 18 to 24 to ages 45 to 54 is −0.28 (95% CI −0.30 to −0.26) raw and −0.71 (95% CI −0.73 to −0.69) adjusted.

The rise from ages 45 to 54 to ages 75 to 94 is +0.56 (95% CI 0.54 to 0.57) raw and +0.91 (95% CI 0.90 to 0.93) adjusted. Adjusting for marital status alone changes the fall to −0.23 (95% CI −0.25 to −0.22), the largest change among the single adjustments after household income. The raw profile already has a midlife low without any adjustment, and the adjustments deepen it, mostly through household income.

This is where the literature disagrees. Blanchflower and Oswald report a low in middle age after holding other characteristics fixed.[3] Glenn argues that part of the U shape comes from the controls, marital status above all, because happier people are more likely to marry and stay married, and a variable influenced by the outcome should not be held fixed.[6] The same objection applies to household income and to self-rated health, which are partly consequences of well-being. The adjusted profile in Table 5 answers what the profile would be among adults with the same mix of characteristics. It does not isolate age.

> Study evidence: Whether the midlife low happens within a person's own life (Individual fixed-effects panels)
>
> A cross-section cannot say whether the dip happens to individuals. Two studies follow the same people. Frijters and Beatton used three household panels, the German Socio-Economic Panel, the British Household Panel Survey and the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey. Once each person's own average level was removed, the middle-age U shape disappeared in all three. The largest age effect was a rise in happiness around age 60, followed by a decline after age 75, with almost no change between early adulthood and middle age.[5] Cheng, Powdthavee and Oswald used four data sets and only within-person changes, and reported support for a U shape.[7]
>
> The two studies compare people with themselves over time, which removes differences between people that do not change. Neither randomizes anything. A within-person design needs an assumption that separates age from calendar year, because the two move together for everyone, and the studies reach opposite results on the shape. Neither uses the Gallup poll, whose respondents are interviewed once.

### Birth cohorts

A cross-section mixes age with cohort, but repeated cross-sections can follow a cohort on average. Table 6 follows six birth cohorts, each covering a decade of birth years, across the interview years. People born in 1950 to 1959 were aged 50 to 59 in 2009 and 58 to 67 in 2017. Their stress changed by −7.9 (95% CI −8.5 to −7.2) points between those years, against −10.6 (95% CI −11.1 to −10.1) points between the two age groups in the 2009 cross-section.

The comparison with all adults must allow for the sample's age. The interview sample was younger in 2017 (mean age 52.3) than in 2009 (55.1), and a change in the average age of the sample moves averages that differ by age for reasons unrelated to aging. The change among all adults is therefore taken at each single year of age from 50 to 67, the ages the cohort passes through, and averaged. Stress changed by +1.7 (95% CI 1.3 to 2.2) points at those ages over the same years, and relative to that the cohort's change was −9.6 (95% CI −10.1 to −9.1).

The ladder score of the cohort changed by +0.41 (95% CI 0.39 to 0.44) ladder points, against +0.28 (95% CI 0.26 to 0.30) in the cross-section and +0.19 (95% CI 0.17 to 0.21) for adults at the same ages, and relative to them the cohort's change was +0.22 (95% CI 0.20 to 0.24).

Table 6. Relative to adults at the same ages, stress among people born in 1950 to 1959 changed by −9.6 points and their ladder score by +0.22 points between 2009 and 2017, against −10.6 and +0.28 across the same ages in 2009

For stress and for the ladder, the changes within the cohort, relative to adults at the same ages, have the sign and most of the size of the differences across ages in one year. They are somewhat smaller, −9.6 against −10.6 for stress and +0.22 against +0.28 for the ladder, with intervals that do not overlap for the ladder, so a cohort difference of that size is possible. The cross-sectional differences in these two measures are not only cohort differences.

Physical pain is different. It changed by +5.9 (95% CI 5.3 to 6.5) points within the cohort and by +5.1 (95% CI 4.6 to 5.6) points among adults at the same ages, which leaves +0.8 (95% CI 0.3 to 1.2) points, against 0.0 (95% CI −0.4 to 0.4) across the same ages in 2009. Pain rose within every cohort in Table 6. It also rose among adults at ages 50 to 67 by almost as much as in this cohort, so nearly all of this cohort's rise is a rise in the period and not aging. The cross-sectional plateau after the peak is not contradicted by the cohort lines. The check covers one cohort, and the correction using all adults is rough because all adults include the cohort itself.

### What these data cannot show

The profiles are differences between people of different ages in a repeated cross-section. They mix age, birth cohort and the years in which each group was interviewed, and the three cannot be separated with data from one decade. The oldest adults are survivors, so the oldest cells describe the people who lived to be interviewed there, and these data cannot say in which direction survival moves a profile. The panel studies in the box reach opposite conclusions about the middle-age dip, and these data cannot arbitrate between them.

Every estimate is unweighted, and the poll was a telephone survey, so the levels describe the people interviewed and not the national population. County comes from the respondent's ZIP code and is approximate near county lines. The feelings are yes or no answers about the previous day, so they measure how often a feeling was present and not how strong it was. The ladder of 2008 is left out and the 2009 ladder may carry part of the same question-order artifact, which the extract cannot separate without an interview month.

The adjusted profiles are statistical constructs. Household income, marital status and self-rated health are partly consequences of well-being, so adjusting for them does not isolate the part of the profile that belongs to age, and the profile is flat near its low point, so the age of that low is less certain than its bootstrap intervals suggest. Household income is nominal, includes a partner's earnings and was missing for a share of interviews. The mix of income brackets changes in 2015 to 2017 for reasons the extract does not document, so results by income use 2009 to 2014, and the cutoffs between groups are fixed dollar amounts across that period. The deprivation groups describe the county where a respondent lives and not the respondent, the groups hold very different numbers of counties, the index describes counties as of 2023, and the Area Deprivation Index understates deprivation in high-cost cities.

The poll ends in 2017, and later years may differ. Chapter 4.5, Mental distress in young adults (https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/mental-distress-in-young-adults) follows frequent mental distress among young adults from 2014 in a different survey, and Chapter 6.2, Civic life, loneliness and partnership (https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/civic-life-loneliness-and-partnership) shows how the ladder gap between partnered and other adults varies by age band in the same Gallup data. No figure in this chapter follows a person through life.

## Tables

### Table 1. Mean life evaluation falls from 7.03 among adults 18 to 24 to 6.84 among adults 45 to 54 and is 7.38 among adults 75 to 94

Unweighted mean Cantril ladder score by year of age, adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup, 2009 to 2017

| age | conf_high | conf_low | estimate | n |
| ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| 18 | 7.28 | 7.23 | 7.25 | 25,104 |
| 19 | 7.16 | 7.11 | 7.14 | 20,764 |
| 20 | 7.06 | 7.01 | 7.03 | 20,566 |
| 21 | 7.04 | 6.98 | 7.01 | 21,404 |
| 22 | 6.99 | 6.93 | 6.96 | 20,267 |
| 23 | 6.93 | 6.88 | 6.91 | 20,868 |
| 24 | 6.91 | 6.85 | 6.88 | 20,651 |
| 25 | 6.96 | 6.91 | 6.93 | 22,756 |
| 26 | 6.95 | 6.89 | 6.92 | 20,582 |
| 27 | 6.97 | 6.92 | 6.94 | 21,275 |
| 28 | 7.01 | 6.96 | 6.98 | 22,607 |
| 29 | 7.02 | 6.97 | 6.99 | 21,955 |
| 30 | 7.04 | 6.99 | 7.01 | 26,817 |
| 31 | 7.05 | 7.00 | 7.02 | 21,509 |
| 32 | 7.03 | 6.98 | 7.00 | 25,123 |
| 33 | 7.05 | 7 | 7.03 | 22,981 |
| 34 | 7.04 | 6.98 | 7.01 | 23,449 |
| 35 | 7.06 | 7.01 | 7.04 | 27,289 |
| 36 | 7.06 | 7.01 | 7.04 | 23,837 |
| 37 | 7.04 | 6.99 | 7.01 | 24,074 |
| 38 | 7.02 | 6.97 | 7.00 | 25,474 |
| 39 | 7.05 | 7.00 | 7.02 | 25,043 |
| 40 | 7.01 | 6.96 | 6.99 | 33,427 |
| 41 | 7.02 | 6.96 | 6.99 | 24,465 |
| 42 | 6.97 | 6.92 | 6.94 | 30,521 |
| 43 | 6.93 | 6.88 | 6.91 | 28,188 |
| 44 | 6.94 | 6.89 | 6.91 | 27,722 |
| 45 | 6.94 | 6.88 | 6.91 | 34,003 |
| 46 | 6.88 | 6.83 | 6.86 | 31,175 |
| 47 | 6.86 | 6.81 | 6.84 | 33,763 |
| 48 | 6.87 | 6.82 | 6.84 | 34,633 |
| 49 | 6.86 | 6.81 | 6.83 | 34,790 |
| 50 | 6.87 | 6.83 | 6.85 | 49,187 |
| 51 | 6.87 | 6.82 | 6.84 | 35,575 |
| 52 | 6.84 | 6.79 | 6.82 | 43,598 |
| 53 | 6.82 | 6.77 | 6.79 | 41,271 |
| 54 | 6.84 | 6.80 | 6.82 | 42,032 |
| 55 | 6.86 | 6.82 | 6.84 | 47,470 |
| 56 | 6.85 | 6.80 | 6.83 | 43,108 |
| 57 | 6.87 | 6.83 | 6.85 | 44,152 |
| 58 | 6.89 | 6.84 | 6.87 | 45,107 |
| 59 | 6.93 | 6.89 | 6.91 | 44,432 |
| 60 | 7.00 | 6.96 | 6.98 | 54,582 |
| 61 | 7.03 | 6.99 | 7.01 | 41,935 |
| 62 | 7.09 | 7.05 | 7.07 | 51,583 |
| 63 | 7.12 | 7.08 | 7.10 | 46,017 |
| 64 | 7.18 | 7.13 | 7.16 | 46,280 |
| 65 | 7.22 | 7.19 | 7.21 | 53,072 |
| 66 | 7.28 | 7.24 | 7.26 | 43,111 |
| 67 | 7.30 | 7.26 | 7.28 | 44,121 |
| 68 | 7.31 | 7.27 | 7.29 | 42,066 |
| 69 | 7.34 | 7.30 | 7.32 | 38,080 |
| 70 | 7.37 | 7.33 | 7.35 | 46,117 |
| 71 | 7.36 | 7.31 | 7.33 | 33,149 |
| 72 | 7.37 | 7.32 | 7.34 | 35,737 |
| 73 | 7.37 | 7.32 | 7.34 | 32,279 |
| 74 | 7.38 | 7.33 | 7.36 | 29,803 |
| 75 | 7.38 | 7.33 | 7.36 | 32,359 |
| 76 | 7.38 | 7.33 | 7.35 | 26,175 |
| 77 | 7.38 | 7.33 | 7.36 | 25,447 |
| 78 | 7.39 | 7.33 | 7.36 | 24,365 |
| 79 | 7.40 | 7.35 | 7.37 | 21,647 |
| 80 | 7.44 | 7.39 | 7.41 | 26,170 |
| 81 | 7.44 | 7.38 | 7.41 | 18,844 |
| 82 | 7.42 | 7.35 | 7.38 | 19,071 |
| 83 | 7.38 | 7.31 | 7.35 | 17,079 |
| 84 | 7.42 | 7.35 | 7.39 | 14,958 |
| 85 | 7.39 | 7.32 | 7.36 | 14,462 |
| 86 | 7.41 | 7.33 | 7.37 | 10,947 |
| 87 | 7.41 | 7.32 | 7.37 | 9,423 |
| 88 | 7.42 | 7.33 | 7.38 | 8,210 |
| 89 | 7.47 | 7.36 | 7.42 | 5,902 |
| 90 | 7.58 | 7.47 | 7.52 | 5,455 |
| 91 | 7.57 | 7.43 | 7.50 | 3,335 |
| 92 | 7.53 | 7.36 | 7.45 | 2,641 |
| 93 | 7.56 | 7.36 | 7.46 | 1,754 |
| 94 | 7.61 | 7.35 | 7.48 | 1,243 |

Note: Each age is a different group of people interviewed in the same years, so a profile mixes age with birth cohort and does not follow anyone through life.

Note: Cells at the oldest ages hold fewer interviews, so their intervals are wider; the extract has no interviews above age 94.

Note: The ladder of 2008 is not used. Political questions that came before the ladder lowered it in 2008 and in the first months of 2009, and the extract has no interview month, so early 2009 interviews may carry part of the effect. Scores averaged 6.69 in 2008 and 7.03 in 2009, and the 2009 minus 2008 difference is between 0.29 and 0.38 ladder points in every age band.

Note: The ladder was asked of 85% of interviews in 2009, of nearly all in 2010 to 2012 and of 49% from 2013 to 2017.

Note: Gallup's extract has no survey weights, so every estimate is unweighted and levels can differ from the weighted figures Gallup publishes. County comes from the respondent's ZIP code and is approximate near county lines.

Source: Gallup U.S. Daily, ladder 2009-2017; unweighted, intervals clustered by county

Data: https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/report/well-being-across-the-life-span/figures/ladder_by_age.json

### Table 2. Stress, worry and anger are lower among older adults, enjoyment and happiness are lowest in midlife, and physical pain peaks near age 60

Share of adults who reported each feeling during a lot of the day yesterday, by year of age, and the age at which each profile turns, Gallup 2008 to 2017

#### Table 2.1. Positive feelings

Enjoyment was 88.3% among adults 18 to 24, 82.6% among adults 45 to 54 and 88.5% among adults 75 to 94

Share of adults who reported each feeling during a lot of the day yesterday, by year of age, Gallup interviews in the years each item was asked

| age | conf_high | conf_low | estimate | group | n |
| ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- | ---: |
| 18 | 90.98 | 90.23 | 90.60 | Enjoyment | 28,557 |
| 19 | 89.84 | 89.06 | 89.45 | Enjoyment | 23,263 |
| 20 | 88.74 | 87.85 | 88.30 | Enjoyment | 23,009 |
| 21 | 88.61 | 87.65 | 88.13 | Enjoyment | 23,783 |
| 22 | 87.78 | 86.85 | 87.31 | Enjoyment | 22,818 |
| 23 | 87.72 | 86.80 | 87.26 | Enjoyment | 23,592 |
| 24 | 87.27 | 86.39 | 86.83 | Enjoyment | 23,437 |
| 25 | 87.10 | 86.20 | 86.65 | Enjoyment | 26,005 |
| 26 | 86.76 | 85.73 | 86.25 | Enjoyment | 23,861 |
| 27 | 86.46 | 85.54 | 86 | Enjoyment | 24,759 |
| 28 | 86.47 | 85.53 | 86 | Enjoyment | 26,621 |
| 29 | 86.20 | 85.25 | 85.72 | Enjoyment | 25,876 |
| 30 | 86.16 | 85.35 | 85.76 | Enjoyment | 31,422 |
| 31 | 86.64 | 85.74 | 86.19 | Enjoyment | 25,431 |
| 32 | 86 | 85.18 | 85.59 | Enjoyment | 29,597 |
| 33 | 86.08 | 85.15 | 85.62 | Enjoyment | 27,389 |
| 34 | 85.80 | 84.97 | 85.38 | Enjoyment | 27,933 |
| 35 | 85.49 | 84.64 | 85.06 | Enjoyment | 32,578 |
| 36 | 85.41 | 84.61 | 85.01 | Enjoyment | 28,964 |
| 37 | 85.25 | 84.41 | 84.83 | Enjoyment | 30,009 |
| 38 | 84.82 | 83.99 | 84.40 | Enjoyment | 31,592 |
| 39 | 84.86 | 84.02 | 84.44 | Enjoyment | 30,597 |
| 40 | 84.20 | 83.48 | 83.84 | Enjoyment | 40,260 |
| 41 | 84.69 | 83.81 | 84.25 | Enjoyment | 29,985 |
| 42 | 84.05 | 83.25 | 83.65 | Enjoyment | 37,089 |
| 43 | 84.06 | 83.25 | 83.66 | Enjoyment | 34,666 |
| 44 | 83.72 | 82.91 | 83.31 | Enjoyment | 34,208 |
| 45 | 83.99 | 83.17 | 83.58 | Enjoyment | 41,548 |
| 46 | 83.64 | 82.82 | 83.23 | Enjoyment | 38,143 |
| 47 | 83.27 | 82.50 | 82.88 | Enjoyment | 41,423 |
| 48 | 82.74 | 81.97 | 82.36 | Enjoyment | 42,340 |
| 49 | 83.18 | 82.34 | 82.76 | Enjoyment | 42,520 |
| 50 | 82.88 | 82.15 | 82.52 | Enjoyment | 59,198 |
| 51 | 82.88 | 82.13 | 82.50 | Enjoyment | 43,366 |
| 52 | 83.03 | 82.29 | 82.66 | Enjoyment | 52,428 |
| 53 | 82.23 | 81.44 | 81.83 | Enjoyment | 49,670 |
| 54 | 82.41 | 81.63 | 82.02 | Enjoyment | 50,885 |
| 55 | 83.22 | 82.55 | 82.88 | Enjoyment | 56,720 |
| 56 | 83.17 | 82.49 | 82.83 | Enjoyment | 51,455 |
| 57 | 83.74 | 83.08 | 83.41 | Enjoyment | 52,780 |
| 58 | 83.39 | 82.70 | 83.04 | Enjoyment | 54,014 |
| 59 | 84.32 | 83.65 | 83.98 | Enjoyment | 52,975 |
| 60 | 84.90 | 84.24 | 84.57 | Enjoyment | 64,982 |
| 61 | 85.46 | 84.73 | 85.10 | Enjoyment | 50,789 |
| 62 | 86.08 | 85.48 | 85.78 | Enjoyment | 60,227 |
| 63 | 86.48 | 85.83 | 86.16 | Enjoyment | 52,955 |
| 64 | 87.68 | 87.03 | 87.35 | Enjoyment | 53,663 |
| 65 | 88.18 | 87.58 | 87.88 | Enjoyment | 62,084 |
| 66 | 88.83 | 88.15 | 88.49 | Enjoyment | 50,067 |
| 67 | 88.96 | 88.36 | 88.66 | Enjoyment | 50,877 |
| 68 | 89.36 | 88.72 | 89.04 | Enjoyment | 48,587 |
| 69 | 89.83 | 89.24 | 89.54 | Enjoyment | 43,823 |
| 70 | 89.93 | 89.33 | 89.63 | Enjoyment | 53,175 |
| 71 | 89.91 | 89.26 | 89.58 | Enjoyment | 38,510 |
| 72 | 89.54 | 88.85 | 89.20 | Enjoyment | 41,607 |
| 73 | 90 | 89.33 | 89.67 | Enjoyment | 37,700 |
| 74 | 89.92 | 89.20 | 89.56 | Enjoyment | 34,644 |
| 75 | 89.95 | 89.29 | 89.62 | Enjoyment | 37,805 |
| 76 | 89.79 | 89.09 | 89.44 | Enjoyment | 30,749 |
| 77 | 89.65 | 88.93 | 89.29 | Enjoyment | 30,079 |
| 78 | 89.09 | 88.34 | 88.72 | Enjoyment | 28,996 |
| 79 | 89.22 | 88.41 | 88.81 | Enjoyment | 25,522 |
| 80 | 89.21 | 88.37 | 88.79 | Enjoyment | 31,021 |
| 81 | 89.12 | 88.21 | 88.67 | Enjoyment | 22,351 |
| 82 | 89.09 | 88.21 | 88.65 | Enjoyment | 22,581 |
| 83 | 88.28 | 87.32 | 87.80 | Enjoyment | 20,144 |
| 84 | 88.18 | 87.17 | 87.68 | Enjoyment | 17,710 |
| 85 | 88.27 | 87.30 | 87.78 | Enjoyment | 17,007 |
| 86 | 87.63 | 86.47 | 87.05 | Enjoyment | 12,976 |
| 87 | 87.93 | 86.65 | 87.29 | Enjoyment | 10,983 |
| 88 | 87.16 | 85.73 | 86.44 | Enjoyment | 9,723 |
| 89 | 87.87 | 86.15 | 87.01 | Enjoyment | 6,788 |
| 90 | 87.71 | 86.09 | 86.90 | Enjoyment | 6,359 |
| 91 | 88.42 | 86.24 | 87.33 | Enjoyment | 3,876 |
| 92 | 88.17 | 85.94 | 87.06 | Enjoyment | 3,083 |
| 93 | 88.01 | 85 | 86.51 | Enjoyment | 2,031 |
| 94 | 88.14 | 84.60 | 86.37 | Enjoyment | 1,438 |
| 18 | 93.51 | 92.83 | 93.17 | Happiness | 26,328 |
| 19 | 92.84 | 92.07 | 92.46 | Happiness | 21,421 |
| 20 | 92.27 | 91.45 | 91.86 | Happiness | 21,096 |
| 21 | 92 | 91.20 | 91.60 | Happiness | 21,766 |
| 22 | 91.75 | 90.97 | 91.36 | Happiness | 20,896 |
| 23 | 91.83 | 90.92 | 91.37 | Happiness | 21,564 |
| 24 | 91.48 | 90.70 | 91.09 | Happiness | 21,419 |
| 25 | 91.39 | 90.45 | 90.92 | Happiness | 23,779 |
| 26 | 91.05 | 90.19 | 90.62 | Happiness | 21,871 |
| 27 | 90.70 | 89.87 | 90.28 | Happiness | 22,747 |
| 28 | 90.75 | 89.98 | 90.36 | Happiness | 24,555 |
| 29 | 90.87 | 90.08 | 90.48 | Happiness | 23,865 |
| 30 | 90.27 | 89.55 | 89.91 | Happiness | 29,131 |
| 31 | 91.28 | 90.49 | 90.88 | Happiness | 23,608 |
| 32 | 90.63 | 89.88 | 90.26 | Happiness | 27,463 |
| 33 | 90.96 | 90.18 | 90.57 | Happiness | 25,404 |
| 34 | 90.82 | 90.01 | 90.41 | Happiness | 25,881 |
| 35 | 90.07 | 89.31 | 89.69 | Happiness | 30,143 |
| 36 | 90.37 | 89.61 | 89.99 | Happiness | 26,869 |
| 37 | 89.98 | 89.19 | 89.58 | Happiness | 28,044 |
| 38 | 90.08 | 89.26 | 89.67 | Happiness | 29,670 |
| 39 | 89.62 | 88.79 | 89.20 | Happiness | 28,734 |
| 40 | 88.85 | 88.15 | 88.50 | Happiness | 37,679 |
| 41 | 89.24 | 88.43 | 88.83 | Happiness | 28,383 |
| 42 | 88.70 | 87.95 | 88.33 | Happiness | 34,991 |
| 43 | 88.70 | 87.93 | 88.32 | Happiness | 32,863 |
| 44 | 88.33 | 87.58 | 87.96 | Happiness | 32,405 |
| 45 | 88.31 | 87.62 | 87.97 | Happiness | 39,173 |
| 46 | 87.93 | 87.19 | 87.56 | Happiness | 36,081 |
| 47 | 87.67 | 86.93 | 87.30 | Happiness | 39,096 |
| 48 | 87.12 | 86.37 | 86.75 | Happiness | 40,072 |
| 49 | 87.11 | 86.35 | 86.73 | Happiness | 40,405 |
| 50 | 86.54 | 85.85 | 86.19 | Happiness | 56,025 |
| 51 | 86.69 | 86.03 | 86.36 | Happiness | 41,286 |
| 52 | 86.59 | 85.92 | 86.25 | Happiness | 49,682 |
| 53 | 86.02 | 85.30 | 85.66 | Happiness | 47,090 |
| 54 | 85.96 | 85.25 | 85.60 | Happiness | 48,184 |
| 55 | 86.12 | 85.47 | 85.80 | Happiness | 53,676 |
| 56 | 86.16 | 85.52 | 85.84 | Happiness | 48,612 |
| 57 | 86.63 | 85.98 | 86.31 | Happiness | 49,896 |
| 58 | 86.29 | 85.63 | 85.96 | Happiness | 51,055 |
| 59 | 86.69 | 86.07 | 86.38 | Happiness | 50,127 |
| 60 | 87.18 | 86.55 | 86.87 | Happiness | 61,244 |
| 61 | 87.56 | 86.91 | 87.23 | Happiness | 48,038 |
| 62 | 87.87 | 87.27 | 87.57 | Happiness | 56,916 |
| 63 | 88.18 | 87.55 | 87.87 | Happiness | 49,996 |
| 64 | 89.10 | 88.50 | 88.80 | Happiness | 50,602 |
| 65 | 89.24 | 88.63 | 88.94 | Happiness | 58,470 |
| 66 | 90 | 89.36 | 89.68 | Happiness | 47,133 |
| 67 | 90.17 | 89.52 | 89.84 | Happiness | 47,727 |
| 68 | 90.42 | 89.79 | 90.11 | Happiness | 45,528 |
| 69 | 90.84 | 90.23 | 90.54 | Happiness | 40,978 |
| 70 | 90.79 | 90.22 | 90.51 | Happiness | 49,145 |
| 71 | 90.95 | 90.33 | 90.64 | Happiness | 36,212 |
| 72 | 90.68 | 90.04 | 90.36 | Happiness | 39,095 |
| 73 | 91.06 | 90.38 | 90.72 | Happiness | 35,328 |
| 74 | 90.95 | 90.29 | 90.62 | Happiness | 32,368 |
| 75 | 90.94 | 90.28 | 90.61 | Happiness | 35,569 |
| 76 | 90.93 | 90.18 | 90.56 | Happiness | 28,994 |
| 77 | 90.89 | 90.14 | 90.51 | Happiness | 28,398 |
| 78 | 90.46 | 89.69 | 90.08 | Happiness | 27,483 |
| 79 | 90.77 | 90 | 90.39 | Happiness | 24,133 |
| 80 | 90.47 | 89.65 | 90.06 | Happiness | 29,435 |
| 81 | 90.84 | 89.96 | 90.40 | Happiness | 21,245 |
| 82 | 90.75 | 89.87 | 90.31 | Happiness | 21,502 |
| 83 | 89.83 | 88.88 | 89.36 | Happiness | 19,117 |
| 84 | 90.12 | 89.08 | 89.60 | Happiness | 16,855 |
| 85 | 90.05 | 89.04 | 89.55 | Happiness | 16,147 |
| 86 | 89.85 | 88.76 | 89.31 | Happiness | 12,324 |
| 87 | 89.90 | 88.69 | 89.30 | Happiness | 10,388 |
| 88 | 89.58 | 88.27 | 88.92 | Happiness | 9,227 |
| 89 | 90.09 | 88.58 | 89.34 | Happiness | 6,433 |
| 90 | 90.27 | 88.64 | 89.45 | Happiness | 5,954 |
| 91 | 90.93 | 88.86 | 89.90 | Happiness | 3,643 |
| 92 | 90.06 | 87.92 | 88.99 | Happiness | 2,869 |
| 93 | 88.37 | 85.43 | 86.90 | Happiness | 1,878 |
| 94 | 91.68 | 88.41 | 90.05 | Happiness | 1,326 |

#### Table 2.2. Negative feelings

Stress fell from 48.6% among adults 25 to 34 to 18.0% among adults 75 to 94, while physical pain rose from 15.5% among adults 18 to 24 to 28.5% among adults 55 to 64

Share of adults who reported each feeling during a lot of the day yesterday, by year of age, Gallup interviews in the years each item was asked

| age | conf_high | conf_low | estimate | group | n |
| ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- | ---: |
| 18 | 27.60 | 26.52 | 27.06 | Worry | 28,569 |
| 19 | 29.74 | 28.58 | 29.16 | Worry | 23,263 |
| 20 | 30.78 | 29.53 | 30.16 | Worry | 23,026 |
| 21 | 31.96 | 30.71 | 31.33 | Worry | 23,793 |
| 22 | 33.12 | 31.73 | 32.42 | Worry | 22,822 |
| 23 | 33 | 31.79 | 32.40 | Worry | 23,611 |
| 24 | 33.28 | 32.06 | 32.67 | Worry | 23,454 |
| 25 | 33.11 | 31.91 | 32.51 | Worry | 26,027 |
| 26 | 33.62 | 32.28 | 32.95 | Worry | 23,871 |
| 27 | 33.45 | 32.18 | 32.82 | Worry | 24,772 |
| 28 | 33.50 | 32.17 | 32.84 | Worry | 26,629 |
| 29 | 33.33 | 32.18 | 32.75 | Worry | 25,885 |
| 30 | 33.30 | 32.11 | 32.71 | Worry | 31,469 |
| 31 | 33.94 | 32.64 | 33.29 | Worry | 25,449 |
| 32 | 33.92 | 32.75 | 33.33 | Worry | 29,620 |
| 33 | 34.01 | 32.75 | 33.38 | Worry | 27,399 |
| 34 | 33.96 | 32.68 | 33.32 | Worry | 27,969 |
| 35 | 33.74 | 32.53 | 33.14 | Worry | 32,611 |
| 36 | 33.98 | 32.74 | 33.36 | Worry | 28,991 |
| 37 | 34.97 | 33.80 | 34.39 | Worry | 30,040 |
| 38 | 34.78 | 33.64 | 34.21 | Worry | 31,629 |
| 39 | 34.98 | 33.69 | 34.33 | Worry | 30,627 |
| 40 | 34.67 | 33.67 | 34.17 | Worry | 40,304 |
| 41 | 34.99 | 33.78 | 34.38 | Worry | 29,998 |
| 42 | 35.32 | 34.18 | 34.75 | Worry | 37,118 |
| 43 | 35.46 | 34.39 | 34.93 | Worry | 34,694 |
| 44 | 35.63 | 34.50 | 35.07 | Worry | 34,227 |
| 45 | 35.10 | 34.03 | 34.57 | Worry | 41,579 |
| 46 | 36.38 | 35.17 | 35.77 | Worry | 38,186 |
| 47 | 36.45 | 35.47 | 35.96 | Worry | 41,477 |
| 48 | 36.69 | 35.63 | 36.16 | Worry | 42,392 |
| 49 | 36.12 | 35.05 | 35.59 | Worry | 42,567 |
| 50 | 35.37 | 34.48 | 34.92 | Worry | 59,303 |
| 51 | 36.14 | 35.07 | 35.61 | Worry | 43,404 |
| 52 | 35.77 | 34.87 | 35.32 | Worry | 52,497 |
| 53 | 36.32 | 35.38 | 35.85 | Worry | 49,716 |
| 54 | 35.42 | 34.49 | 34.95 | Worry | 50,951 |
| 55 | 34.27 | 33.41 | 33.84 | Worry | 56,795 |
| 56 | 34.39 | 33.45 | 33.92 | Worry | 51,529 |
| 57 | 34.12 | 33.23 | 33.67 | Worry | 52,847 |
| 58 | 33.57 | 32.70 | 33.13 | Worry | 54,077 |
| 59 | 32.66 | 31.70 | 32.18 | Worry | 53,045 |
| 60 | 30.61 | 29.78 | 30.20 | Worry | 65,048 |
| 61 | 30.69 | 29.70 | 30.19 | Worry | 50,838 |
| 62 | 28.83 | 27.93 | 28.38 | Worry | 60,289 |
| 63 | 28.34 | 27.43 | 27.89 | Worry | 53,014 |
| 64 | 26.56 | 25.67 | 26.11 | Worry | 53,740 |
| 65 | 24.70 | 23.83 | 24.27 | Worry | 62,206 |
| 66 | 23.70 | 22.87 | 23.28 | Worry | 50,147 |
| 67 | 23.09 | 22.16 | 22.63 | Worry | 50,938 |
| 68 | 22.23 | 21.34 | 21.78 | Worry | 48,671 |
| 69 | 21.73 | 20.86 | 21.29 | Worry | 43,869 |
| 70 | 20.90 | 20.14 | 20.52 | Worry | 53,277 |
| 71 | 20.84 | 19.97 | 20.41 | Worry | 38,563 |
| 72 | 20.59 | 19.76 | 20.18 | Worry | 41,700 |
| 73 | 20.09 | 19.21 | 19.65 | Worry | 37,771 |
| 74 | 20.33 | 19.46 | 19.90 | Worry | 34,722 |
| 75 | 19.52 | 18.73 | 19.13 | Worry | 37,892 |
| 76 | 20.19 | 19.23 | 19.71 | Worry | 30,818 |
| 77 | 19.65 | 18.73 | 19.19 | Worry | 30,150 |
| 78 | 19.58 | 18.61 | 19.10 | Worry | 29,088 |
| 79 | 19.75 | 18.79 | 19.27 | Worry | 25,569 |
| 80 | 18.68 | 17.74 | 18.21 | Worry | 31,131 |
| 81 | 19.24 | 18.15 | 18.69 | Worry | 22,423 |
| 82 | 19.27 | 18.21 | 18.74 | Worry | 22,659 |
| 83 | 19.19 | 18.07 | 18.63 | Worry | 20,215 |
| 84 | 19.25 | 18.03 | 18.64 | Worry | 17,779 |
| 85 | 18.18 | 16.98 | 17.58 | Worry | 17,067 |
| 86 | 18.40 | 17.04 | 17.72 | Worry | 13,031 |
| 87 | 18.38 | 16.92 | 17.65 | Worry | 11,048 |
| 88 | 18.19 | 16.62 | 17.40 | Worry | 9,774 |
| 89 | 18.66 | 16.74 | 17.70 | Worry | 6,819 |
| 90 | 17.21 | 15.30 | 16.26 | Worry | 6,398 |
| 91 | 17.56 | 15.27 | 16.41 | Worry | 3,906 |
| 92 | 17.32 | 14.63 | 15.97 | Worry | 3,099 |
| 93 | 16.11 | 13.06 | 14.59 | Worry | 2,050 |
| 94 | 16.80 | 13.15 | 14.98 | Worry | 1,449 |
| 18 | 42.52 | 41.08 | 41.80 | Stress | 28,568 |
| 19 | 45.50 | 44.04 | 44.77 | Stress | 23,262 |
| 20 | 47.90 | 46.48 | 47.19 | Stress | 23,022 |
| 21 | 48.51 | 47.10 | 47.81 | Stress | 23,787 |
| 22 | 49.34 | 47.93 | 48.64 | Stress | 22,821 |
| 23 | 48.63 | 47.30 | 47.96 | Stress | 23,605 |
| 24 | 49.67 | 48.35 | 49.01 | Stress | 23,454 |
| 25 | 49.11 | 47.73 | 48.42 | Stress | 26,036 |
| 26 | 49.86 | 48.41 | 49.13 | Stress | 23,861 |
| 27 | 50.14 | 48.81 | 49.48 | Stress | 24,771 |
| 28 | 49.04 | 47.75 | 48.39 | Stress | 26,630 |
| 29 | 49.05 | 47.82 | 48.43 | Stress | 25,891 |
| 30 | 47.37 | 46.10 | 46.73 | Stress | 31,457 |
| 31 | 50.22 | 48.90 | 49.56 | Stress | 25,455 |
| 32 | 49.47 | 48.16 | 48.82 | Stress | 29,613 |
| 33 | 49.37 | 48.13 | 48.75 | Stress | 27,392 |
| 34 | 49.04 | 47.78 | 48.41 | Stress | 27,960 |
| 35 | 48.01 | 46.84 | 47.43 | Stress | 32,600 |
| 36 | 48.25 | 47.02 | 47.64 | Stress | 28,987 |
| 37 | 48.95 | 47.68 | 48.31 | Stress | 30,020 |
| 38 | 48.55 | 47.32 | 47.94 | Stress | 31,620 |
| 39 | 48.36 | 47.13 | 47.75 | Stress | 30,615 |
| 40 | 46.75 | 45.61 | 46.18 | Stress | 40,304 |
| 41 | 48.57 | 47.28 | 47.93 | Stress | 30,003 |
| 42 | 47.35 | 46.27 | 46.81 | Stress | 37,111 |
| 43 | 47.65 | 46.56 | 47.11 | Stress | 34,684 |
| 44 | 47.31 | 46.18 | 46.75 | Stress | 34,226 |
| 45 | 45.60 | 44.55 | 45.08 | Stress | 41,584 |
| 46 | 46.64 | 45.64 | 46.14 | Stress | 38,180 |
| 47 | 46.34 | 45.34 | 45.84 | Stress | 41,478 |
| 48 | 46.07 | 45.04 | 45.56 | Stress | 42,378 |
| 49 | 45.86 | 44.88 | 45.37 | Stress | 42,564 |
| 50 | 43.78 | 42.90 | 43.34 | Stress | 59,277 |
| 51 | 45.16 | 44.17 | 44.66 | Stress | 43,409 |
| 52 | 44.27 | 43.36 | 43.82 | Stress | 52,483 |
| 53 | 44.61 | 43.68 | 44.14 | Stress | 49,715 |
| 54 | 43.44 | 42.55 | 42.99 | Stress | 50,958 |
| 55 | 42 | 41.18 | 41.59 | Stress | 56,778 |
| 56 | 41.92 | 41.02 | 41.47 | Stress | 51,513 |
| 57 | 41.04 | 40.17 | 40.61 | Stress | 52,848 |
| 58 | 40.21 | 39.31 | 39.76 | Stress | 54,058 |
| 59 | 38.88 | 38.02 | 38.45 | Stress | 53,028 |
| 60 | 36.30 | 35.47 | 35.88 | Stress | 65,039 |
| 61 | 35.63 | 34.67 | 35.15 | Stress | 50,826 |
| 62 | 33.38 | 32.48 | 32.93 | Stress | 60,276 |
| 63 | 32.23 | 31.36 | 31.80 | Stress | 52,997 |
| 64 | 30.20 | 29.39 | 29.79 | Stress | 53,732 |
| 65 | 27.41 | 26.56 | 26.98 | Stress | 62,199 |
| 66 | 26.22 | 25.37 | 25.79 | Stress | 50,147 |
| 67 | 25.36 | 24.44 | 24.90 | Stress | 50,933 |
| 68 | 23.94 | 23.06 | 23.50 | Stress | 48,661 |
| 69 | 23.29 | 22.39 | 22.84 | Stress | 43,876 |
| 70 | 22 | 21.30 | 21.65 | Stress | 53,287 |
| 71 | 21.72 | 20.84 | 21.28 | Stress | 38,553 |
| 72 | 21.21 | 20.41 | 20.81 | Stress | 41,693 |
| 73 | 20.79 | 19.93 | 20.36 | Stress | 37,746 |
| 74 | 20.65 | 19.79 | 20.22 | Stress | 34,729 |
| 75 | 19.90 | 19.06 | 19.48 | Stress | 37,917 |
| 76 | 19.96 | 19.02 | 19.49 | Stress | 30,825 |
| 77 | 20.22 | 19.24 | 19.73 | Stress | 30,161 |
| 78 | 19.32 | 18.39 | 18.86 | Stress | 29,100 |
| 79 | 19.14 | 18.16 | 18.65 | Stress | 25,570 |
| 80 | 18.45 | 17.53 | 17.99 | Stress | 31,115 |
| 81 | 18.65 | 17.62 | 18.14 | Stress | 22,419 |
| 82 | 18 | 17.01 | 17.50 | Stress | 22,663 |
| 83 | 18.22 | 17.13 | 17.68 | Stress | 20,214 |
| 84 | 17.62 | 16.55 | 17.08 | Stress | 17,771 |
| 85 | 17.44 | 16.34 | 16.89 | Stress | 17,078 |
| 86 | 17.24 | 15.88 | 16.56 | Stress | 13,037 |
| 87 | 16.66 | 15.29 | 15.97 | Stress | 11,068 |
| 88 | 16.03 | 14.62 | 15.32 | Stress | 9,776 |
| 89 | 16.60 | 14.80 | 15.70 | Stress | 6,814 |
| 90 | 15.78 | 14.09 | 14.93 | Stress | 6,396 |
| 91 | 14.95 | 12.67 | 13.81 | Stress | 3,896 |
| 92 | 15.09 | 12.60 | 13.84 | Stress | 3,106 |
| 93 | 15.41 | 12.20 | 13.80 | Stress | 2,050 |
| 94 | 13.64 | 10.18 | 11.91 | Stress | 1,444 |
| 18 | 15.36 | 14.45 | 14.91 | Sadness | 26,311 |
| 19 | 16.06 | 15.07 | 15.57 | Sadness | 21,413 |
| 20 | 16.31 | 15.27 | 15.79 | Sadness | 21,082 |
| 21 | 15.79 | 14.84 | 15.32 | Sadness | 21,759 |
| 22 | 16.05 | 15 | 15.52 | Sadness | 20,899 |
| 23 | 15.40 | 14.35 | 14.87 | Sadness | 21,557 |
| 24 | 15.85 | 14.86 | 15.35 | Sadness | 21,409 |
| 25 | 16.01 | 14.88 | 15.45 | Sadness | 23,760 |
| 26 | 15.70 | 14.58 | 15.14 | Sadness | 21,863 |
| 27 | 15.52 | 14.48 | 15 | Sadness | 22,750 |
| 28 | 15.18 | 14.05 | 14.61 | Sadness | 24,537 |
| 29 | 15.32 | 14.17 | 14.74 | Sadness | 23,867 |
| 30 | 15.24 | 14.33 | 14.79 | Sadness | 29,131 |
| 31 | 15.36 | 14.32 | 14.84 | Sadness | 23,599 |
| 32 | 15.45 | 14.32 | 14.88 | Sadness | 27,453 |
| 33 | 15.17 | 14.21 | 14.69 | Sadness | 25,403 |
| 34 | 15.44 | 14.38 | 14.91 | Sadness | 25,880 |
| 35 | 15.56 | 14.65 | 15.11 | Sadness | 30,147 |
| 36 | 15.14 | 14.13 | 14.63 | Sadness | 26,874 |
| 37 | 16.03 | 15.02 | 15.53 | Sadness | 28,038 |
| 38 | 15.80 | 14.72 | 15.26 | Sadness | 29,685 |
| 39 | 15.98 | 14.97 | 15.48 | Sadness | 28,746 |
| 40 | 16.48 | 15.40 | 15.94 | Sadness | 37,697 |
| 41 | 16.03 | 15.07 | 15.55 | Sadness | 28,404 |
| 42 | 16.73 | 15.72 | 16.23 | Sadness | 35,013 |
| 43 | 17.32 | 16.38 | 16.85 | Sadness | 32,880 |
| 44 | 17.28 | 16.33 | 16.81 | Sadness | 32,434 |
| 45 | 17.27 | 16.35 | 16.81 | Sadness | 39,202 |
| 46 | 17.82 | 16.89 | 17.35 | Sadness | 36,089 |
| 47 | 18.34 | 17.40 | 17.87 | Sadness | 39,128 |
| 48 | 18.63 | 17.76 | 18.20 | Sadness | 40,112 |
| 49 | 18.81 | 17.85 | 18.33 | Sadness | 40,449 |
| 50 | 19.03 | 18.24 | 18.63 | Sadness | 56,078 |
| 51 | 19.42 | 18.51 | 18.96 | Sadness | 41,315 |
| 52 | 19.48 | 18.65 | 19.07 | Sadness | 49,742 |
| 53 | 20.40 | 19.56 | 19.98 | Sadness | 47,128 |
| 54 | 20.18 | 19.36 | 19.77 | Sadness | 48,240 |
| 55 | 19.65 | 18.89 | 19.27 | Sadness | 53,727 |
| 56 | 19.60 | 18.80 | 19.20 | Sadness | 48,665 |
| 57 | 20.24 | 19.48 | 19.86 | Sadness | 49,991 |
| 58 | 19.76 | 18.94 | 19.35 | Sadness | 51,098 |
| 59 | 19.31 | 18.51 | 18.91 | Sadness | 50,180 |
| 60 | 18.49 | 17.75 | 18.12 | Sadness | 61,303 |
| 61 | 18.79 | 18.01 | 18.40 | Sadness | 48,109 |
| 62 | 18.01 | 17.29 | 17.65 | Sadness | 56,973 |
| 63 | 17.88 | 17.14 | 17.51 | Sadness | 50,073 |
| 64 | 16.82 | 16.09 | 16.45 | Sadness | 50,682 |
| 65 | 16.16 | 15.41 | 15.79 | Sadness | 58,576 |
| 66 | 15.61 | 14.90 | 15.26 | Sadness | 47,212 |
| 67 | 15.78 | 15.05 | 15.41 | Sadness | 47,791 |
| 68 | 15.11 | 14.37 | 14.74 | Sadness | 45,596 |
| 69 | 14.81 | 14.09 | 14.45 | Sadness | 41,075 |
| 70 | 14.53 | 13.82 | 14.17 | Sadness | 49,252 |
| 71 | 15.08 | 14.35 | 14.72 | Sadness | 36,279 |
| 72 | 15.45 | 14.66 | 15.05 | Sadness | 39,182 |
| 73 | 14.96 | 14.17 | 14.56 | Sadness | 35,411 |
| 74 | 15.63 | 14.78 | 15.21 | Sadness | 32,439 |
| 75 | 15.24 | 14.47 | 14.85 | Sadness | 35,644 |
| 76 | 15.44 | 14.57 | 15.01 | Sadness | 29,070 |
| 77 | 15.81 | 14.94 | 15.38 | Sadness | 28,463 |
| 78 | 16.33 | 15.42 | 15.87 | Sadness | 27,566 |
| 79 | 16.86 | 15.89 | 16.38 | Sadness | 24,200 |
| 80 | 16.22 | 15.36 | 15.79 | Sadness | 29,500 |
| 81 | 16.86 | 15.85 | 16.36 | Sadness | 21,308 |
| 82 | 16.80 | 15.77 | 16.29 | Sadness | 21,557 |
| 83 | 17.31 | 16.14 | 16.73 | Sadness | 19,173 |
| 84 | 17.45 | 16.22 | 16.83 | Sadness | 16,941 |
| 85 | 17.39 | 16.26 | 16.82 | Sadness | 16,206 |
| 86 | 18.02 | 16.63 | 17.33 | Sadness | 12,375 |
| 87 | 18.75 | 17.25 | 18 | Sadness | 10,439 |
| 88 | 17.43 | 15.95 | 16.69 | Sadness | 9,274 |
| 89 | 17.85 | 15.99 | 16.92 | Sadness | 6,459 |
| 90 | 17.86 | 15.97 | 16.91 | Sadness | 5,984 |
| 91 | 16.87 | 14.46 | 15.67 | Sadness | 3,657 |
| 92 | 17.48 | 14.65 | 16.06 | Sadness | 2,889 |
| 93 | 19.09 | 15.64 | 17.36 | Sadness | 1,889 |
| 94 | 16.40 | 12.58 | 14.49 | Sadness | 1,325 |
| 18 | 17.90 | 16.84 | 17.37 | Anger | 21,725 |
| 19 | 17.82 | 16.64 | 17.23 | Anger | 17,505 |
| 20 | 17.39 | 16.22 | 16.80 | Anger | 17,176 |
| 21 | 16.62 | 15.50 | 16.06 | Anger | 17,653 |
| 22 | 16.70 | 15.53 | 16.11 | Anger | 16,893 |
| 23 | 16.50 | 15.34 | 15.92 | Anger | 17,519 |
| 24 | 16.70 | 15.54 | 16.12 | Anger | 17,415 |
| 25 | 17 | 15.89 | 16.45 | Anger | 19,452 |
| 26 | 16.54 | 15.42 | 15.98 | Anger | 18,145 |
| 27 | 16.64 | 15.48 | 16.06 | Anger | 18,881 |
| 28 | 16.39 | 15.38 | 15.89 | Anger | 20,638 |
| 29 | 16.45 | 15.39 | 15.92 | Anger | 20,017 |
| 30 | 16.47 | 15.54 | 16.01 | Anger | 24,372 |
| 31 | 16.28 | 15.20 | 15.74 | Anger | 19,885 |
| 32 | 16.53 | 15.52 | 16.02 | Anger | 23,096 |
| 33 | 16.61 | 15.62 | 16.11 | Anger | 21,430 |
| 34 | 16.34 | 15.31 | 15.82 | Anger | 21,732 |
| 35 | 16.63 | 15.68 | 16.15 | Anger | 25,373 |
| 36 | 15.95 | 14.96 | 15.45 | Anger | 22,886 |
| 37 | 16.67 | 15.70 | 16.18 | Anger | 24,139 |
| 38 | 16.81 | 15.90 | 16.35 | Anger | 25,720 |
| 39 | 16.07 | 15.10 | 15.59 | Anger | 24,912 |
| 40 | 16.14 | 15.31 | 15.73 | Anger | 32,752 |
| 41 | 16.29 | 15.36 | 15.82 | Anger | 24,943 |
| 42 | 16.10 | 15.22 | 15.66 | Anger | 30,455 |
| 43 | 16.07 | 15.11 | 15.59 | Anger | 28,440 |
| 44 | 15.89 | 15.02 | 15.45 | Anger | 27,888 |
| 45 | 15.47 | 14.68 | 15.08 | Anger | 33,803 |
| 46 | 15.60 | 14.75 | 15.17 | Anger | 31,452 |
| 47 | 15.23 | 14.43 | 14.83 | Anger | 34,243 |
| 48 | 15.50 | 14.67 | 15.09 | Anger | 35,141 |
| 49 | 14.97 | 14.13 | 14.55 | Anger | 35,309 |
| 50 | 14.18 | 13.50 | 13.84 | Anger | 48,561 |
| 51 | 14.44 | 13.65 | 14.05 | Anger | 35,897 |
| 52 | 13.91 | 13.16 | 13.54 | Anger | 42,908 |
| 53 | 14.25 | 13.55 | 13.90 | Anger | 40,709 |
| 54 | 13.60 | 12.90 | 13.25 | Anger | 41,424 |
| 55 | 13.37 | 12.70 | 13.03 | Anger | 46,109 |
| 56 | 13.12 | 12.41 | 12.77 | Anger | 41,967 |
| 57 | 12.84 | 12.12 | 12.48 | Anger | 42,926 |
| 58 | 12.45 | 11.81 | 12.13 | Anger | 43,889 |
| 59 | 12.04 | 11.35 | 11.70 | Anger | 43,045 |
| 60 | 11.80 | 11.18 | 11.49 | Anger | 52,398 |
| 61 | 11.37 | 10.74 | 11.06 | Anger | 41,472 |
| 62 | 11.04 | 10.45 | 10.74 | Anger | 48,829 |
| 63 | 10.79 | 10.16 | 10.47 | Anger | 42,777 |
| 64 | 10.34 | 9.72 | 10.03 | Anger | 43,060 |
| 65 | 9.81 | 9.20 | 9.51 | Anger | 49,538 |
| 66 | 9.44 | 8.84 | 9.14 | Anger | 39,393 |
| 67 | 9.03 | 8.37 | 8.70 | Anger | 39,366 |
| 68 | 9.04 | 8.43 | 8.73 | Anger | 37,753 |
| 69 | 8.56 | 7.96 | 8.26 | Anger | 34,814 |
| 70 | 8.37 | 7.79 | 8.08 | Anger | 41,384 |
| 71 | 8.33 | 7.73 | 8.03 | Anger | 30,318 |
| 72 | 8.02 | 7.42 | 7.72 | Anger | 32,575 |
| 73 | 7.92 | 7.29 | 7.61 | Anger | 29,791 |
| 74 | 7.54 | 6.89 | 7.22 | Anger | 27,289 |
| 75 | 7.41 | 6.80 | 7.11 | Anger | 30,195 |
| 76 | 7.39 | 6.77 | 7.08 | Anger | 24,672 |
| 77 | 7.20 | 6.56 | 6.88 | Anger | 24,157 |
| 78 | 7.06 | 6.41 | 6.73 | Anger | 23,509 |
| 79 | 6.71 | 5.97 | 6.34 | Anger | 20,765 |
| 80 | 6.52 | 5.90 | 6.21 | Anger | 25,434 |
| 81 | 6.63 | 5.88 | 6.25 | Anger | 18,439 |
| 82 | 6 | 5.29 | 5.64 | Anger | 18,622 |
| 83 | 6.21 | 5.46 | 5.83 | Anger | 16,473 |
| 84 | 5.81 | 4.98 | 5.39 | Anger | 14,523 |
| 85 | 6.28 | 5.44 | 5.86 | Anger | 13,922 |
| 86 | 5.66 | 4.82 | 5.24 | Anger | 10,594 |
| 87 | 5.77 | 4.82 | 5.29 | Anger | 8,862 |
| 88 | 5.07 | 4.20 | 4.64 | Anger | 7,914 |
| 89 | 5.57 | 4.36 | 4.96 | Anger | 5,481 |
| 90 | 5.50 | 4.26 | 4.88 | Anger | 5,041 |
| 91 | 4.84 | 3.49 | 4.16 | Anger | 3,074 |
| 92 | 5.37 | 3.72 | 4.55 | Anger | 2,420 |
| 93 | 5.46 | 3.44 | 4.45 | Anger | 1,574 |
| 94 | 5.51 | 3.23 | 4.37 | Anger | 1,099 |
| 18 | 14.98 | 14.21 | 14.59 | Physical pain | 28,574 |
| 19 | 15.53 | 14.63 | 15.08 | Physical pain | 23,261 |
| 20 | 16.19 | 15.21 | 15.70 | Physical pain | 23,027 |
| 21 | 16.13 | 15.12 | 15.63 | Physical pain | 23,787 |
| 22 | 16.41 | 15.39 | 15.90 | Physical pain | 22,818 |
| 23 | 16.14 | 15.11 | 15.62 | Physical pain | 23,611 |
| 24 | 16.64 | 15.58 | 16.11 | Physical pain | 23,454 |
| 25 | 16.70 | 15.67 | 16.19 | Physical pain | 26,046 |
| 26 | 16.59 | 15.54 | 16.06 | Physical pain | 23,861 |
| 27 | 17.39 | 16.33 | 16.86 | Physical pain | 24,770 |
| 28 | 17.06 | 16.09 | 16.57 | Physical pain | 26,621 |
| 29 | 17.21 | 16.22 | 16.71 | Physical pain | 25,890 |
| 30 | 17.31 | 16.36 | 16.83 | Physical pain | 31,454 |
| 31 | 17.80 | 16.70 | 17.25 | Physical pain | 25,454 |
| 32 | 18.09 | 17.13 | 17.61 | Physical pain | 29,622 |
| 33 | 18.26 | 17.22 | 17.74 | Physical pain | 27,400 |
| 34 | 18.09 | 17.06 | 17.58 | Physical pain | 27,960 |
| 35 | 18.25 | 17.28 | 17.76 | Physical pain | 32,611 |
| 36 | 18.91 | 17.90 | 18.41 | Physical pain | 28,995 |
| 37 | 19.27 | 18.28 | 18.77 | Physical pain | 30,039 |
| 38 | 19.02 | 18.07 | 18.55 | Physical pain | 31,640 |
| 39 | 19.61 | 18.53 | 19.07 | Physical pain | 30,629 |
| 40 | 19.67 | 18.74 | 19.20 | Physical pain | 40,310 |
| 41 | 20.37 | 19.32 | 19.85 | Physical pain | 30,012 |
| 42 | 20.76 | 19.73 | 20.25 | Physical pain | 37,134 |
| 43 | 21.82 | 20.81 | 21.31 | Physical pain | 34,706 |
| 44 | 22.33 | 21.17 | 21.75 | Physical pain | 34,244 |
| 45 | 22.23 | 21.19 | 21.71 | Physical pain | 41,586 |
| 46 | 23.47 | 22.41 | 22.94 | Physical pain | 38,198 |
| 47 | 24.38 | 23.27 | 23.83 | Physical pain | 41,474 |
| 48 | 25.31 | 24.25 | 24.78 | Physical pain | 42,376 |
| 49 | 25.66 | 24.59 | 25.12 | Physical pain | 42,562 |
| 50 | 25.61 | 24.57 | 25.09 | Physical pain | 59,291 |
| 51 | 27.47 | 26.29 | 26.88 | Physical pain | 43,410 |
| 52 | 26.88 | 25.80 | 26.34 | Physical pain | 52,500 |
| 53 | 28.15 | 27.05 | 27.60 | Physical pain | 49,738 |
| 54 | 28.39 | 27.34 | 27.86 | Physical pain | 50,954 |
| 55 | 28.16 | 27.12 | 27.64 | Physical pain | 56,786 |
| 56 | 29.02 | 27.98 | 28.50 | Physical pain | 51,524 |
| 57 | 29.27 | 28.22 | 28.74 | Physical pain | 52,831 |
| 58 | 29.50 | 28.51 | 29 | Physical pain | 54,069 |
| 59 | 29.48 | 28.46 | 28.97 | Physical pain | 53,045 |
| 60 | 28.67 | 27.69 | 28.18 | Physical pain | 65,070 |
| 61 | 29.39 | 28.40 | 28.90 | Physical pain | 50,842 |
| 62 | 29.29 | 28.36 | 28.83 | Physical pain | 60,276 |
| 63 | 29.33 | 28.37 | 28.85 | Physical pain | 53,010 |
| 64 | 28.36 | 27.42 | 27.89 | Physical pain | 53,742 |
| 65 | 26.96 | 26.07 | 26.51 | Physical pain | 62,191 |
| 66 | 27.15 | 26.26 | 26.71 | Physical pain | 50,128 |
| 67 | 27.40 | 26.52 | 26.96 | Physical pain | 50,937 |
| 68 | 26.92 | 25.96 | 26.44 | Physical pain | 48,643 |
| 69 | 27.01 | 26.08 | 26.54 | Physical pain | 43,860 |
| 70 | 25.76 | 24.88 | 25.32 | Physical pain | 53,255 |
| 71 | 26.55 | 25.59 | 26.07 | Physical pain | 38,542 |
| 72 | 26.42 | 25.46 | 25.94 | Physical pain | 41,689 |
| 73 | 26.54 | 25.59 | 26.07 | Physical pain | 37,738 |
| 74 | 26.55 | 25.54 | 26.04 | Physical pain | 34,693 |
| 75 | 26.47 | 25.54 | 26.01 | Physical pain | 37,873 |
| 76 | 27.11 | 26.11 | 26.61 | Physical pain | 30,802 |
| 77 | 27.23 | 26.15 | 26.69 | Physical pain | 30,148 |
| 78 | 26.90 | 25.84 | 26.37 | Physical pain | 29,063 |
| 79 | 27.05 | 25.91 | 26.48 | Physical pain | 25,544 |
| 80 | 25.98 | 24.98 | 25.48 | Physical pain | 31,099 |
| 81 | 27.08 | 25.88 | 26.48 | Physical pain | 22,405 |
| 82 | 27.61 | 26.41 | 27.01 | Physical pain | 22,630 |
| 83 | 27.75 | 26.48 | 27.12 | Physical pain | 20,190 |
| 84 | 27.44 | 26.10 | 26.77 | Physical pain | 17,760 |
| 85 | 27.04 | 25.74 | 26.39 | Physical pain | 17,070 |
| 86 | 27.71 | 26.23 | 26.97 | Physical pain | 13,006 |
| 87 | 28.73 | 27.05 | 27.89 | Physical pain | 11,042 |
| 88 | 26.85 | 25.16 | 26.01 | Physical pain | 9,766 |
| 89 | 27.81 | 25.54 | 26.67 | Physical pain | 6,827 |
| 90 | 25.95 | 23.82 | 24.89 | Physical pain | 6,381 |
| 91 | 27.16 | 24.38 | 25.77 | Physical pain | 3,896 |
| 92 | 27.92 | 24.78 | 26.35 | Physical pain | 3,101 |
| 93 | 26.80 | 23.17 | 24.99 | Physical pain | 2,045 |
| 94 | 26.09 | 21.57 | 23.83 | Physical pain | 1,448 |

#### Table 2.3. Age at the turn

Worry peaks near age 48, sadness near age 55 and physical pain near age 60, enjoyment and happiness are lowest near ages 52 and 54, and stress peaks earlier, near age 26

Age of the highest or lowest point of the five-year moving average of each profile, with 95% intervals from a bootstrap over counties

| age | conf_high | conf_low | group | label | n |
| ---: | ---: | ---: | --- | --- | ---: |
| 52.20 | 52.80 | 51.80 | Lowest point | Enjoyment | 2,581,678 |
| 54.40 | 55.60 | 53.90 | Lowest point | Happiness | 2,424,735 |
| 48.20 | 49.10 | 46.90 | Highest point | Worry | 2,585,390 |
| 25.90 | 32.80 | 25.10 | Highest point | Stress | 2,585,120 |
| 55.10 | 55.40 | 54.80 | Highest point | Sadness | 2,427,607 |
| 59.90 | 60.80 | 58.40 | Highest point | Physical pain | 2,584,986 |

Note: Each age is a different group of people interviewed in the same years, so a profile mixes age with birth cohort and does not follow anyone through life.

Note: Cells at the oldest ages hold fewer interviews, so their intervals are wider; the extract has no interviews above age 94.

Note: Happiness and sadness were asked in 2008 to 2016, anger in 2008 to 2013 and 2016 and the other feelings in 2008 to 2017. From 2013 each item was asked of 49% of interviews. The feelings keep 2008: the largest difference from 2009 among the seven is −1.6 points.

Note: Gallup's extract has no survey weights, so every estimate is unweighted and levels can differ from the weighted figures Gallup publishes. County comes from the respondent's ZIP code and is approximate near county lines.

Source: Gallup U.S. Daily, ladder 2009-2017 and feelings 2008-2017; unweighted, intervals clustered by county

Data: https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/report/well-being-across-the-life-span/figures/feelings_by_age.json

### Table 3. The ladder falls into midlife and rises after it in every third of interviews by county deprivation, and the fall from ages 25 to 34 to ages 45 to 54 is −0.17 points in the most deprived third and −0.11 in the least

Cantril ladder score and feelings yesterday by year of age, for the least deprived, middle and most deprived third of interviews ranked by the Area Deprivation Index of the respondent's county, Gallup ladder 2009 to 2017 and feelings 2008 to 2017

#### Table 3.1. Ladder

The ladder is lower in the most deprived third of interviews in every age band, with gaps of −0.07 points at ages 18 to 24, −0.21 at ages 45 to 54 and −0.12 at ages 75 to 94

Unweighted mean Cantril ladder score by year of age and group of interviews by county deprivation, Gallup 2009 to 2017

| age | conf_high | conf_low | estimate | group | n |
| ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- | ---: |
| 18 | 7.32 | 7.23 | 7.27 | Least deprived third | 9,352 |
| 19 | 7.19 | 7.11 | 7.15 | Least deprived third | 7,498 |
| 20 | 7.12 | 7.04 | 7.08 | Least deprived third | 7,314 |
| 21 | 7.10 | 7.01 | 7.05 | Least deprived third | 7,576 |
| 22 | 7.06 | 6.96 | 7.01 | Least deprived third | 7,398 |
| 23 | 7.00 | 6.91 | 6.96 | Least deprived third | 7,627 |
| 24 | 7.00 | 6.92 | 6.96 | Least deprived third | 7,574 |
| 25 | 7.03 | 6.95 | 6.99 | Least deprived third | 8,549 |
| 26 | 7.02 | 6.93 | 6.97 | Least deprived third | 7,666 |
| 27 | 7.00 | 6.92 | 6.96 | Least deprived third | 7,878 |
| 28 | 7.08 | 7.00 | 7.04 | Least deprived third | 8,371 |
| 29 | 7.10 | 7.01 | 7.06 | Least deprived third | 8,012 |
| 30 | 7.11 | 7.04 | 7.08 | Least deprived third | 10,053 |
| 31 | 7.16 | 7.06 | 7.11 | Least deprived third | 7,791 |
| 32 | 7.11 | 7.03 | 7.07 | Least deprived third | 9,162 |
| 33 | 7.13 | 7.06 | 7.10 | Least deprived third | 8,365 |
| 34 | 7.15 | 7.06 | 7.11 | Least deprived third | 8,587 |
| 35 | 7.16 | 7.08 | 7.12 | Least deprived third | 10,273 |
| 36 | 7.15 | 7.06 | 7.11 | Least deprived third | 8,688 |
| 37 | 7.13 | 7.05 | 7.09 | Least deprived third | 8,703 |
| 38 | 7.12 | 7.04 | 7.08 | Least deprived third | 9,269 |
| 39 | 7.14 | 7.06 | 7.10 | Least deprived third | 8,995 |
| 40 | 7.09 | 7.02 | 7.06 | Least deprived third | 12,478 |
| 41 | 7.15 | 7.06 | 7.10 | Least deprived third | 8,782 |
| 42 | 7.08 | 6.99 | 7.03 | Least deprived third | 10,953 |
| 43 | 7.06 | 6.97 | 7.01 | Least deprived third | 9,898 |
| 44 | 7.06 | 6.97 | 7.01 | Least deprived third | 9,810 |
| 45 | 7.07 | 6.98 | 7.02 | Least deprived third | 12,018 |
| 46 | 7.02 | 6.93 | 6.97 | Least deprived third | 10,751 |
| 47 | 6.98 | 6.89 | 6.93 | Least deprived third | 11,610 |
| 48 | 6.98 | 6.90 | 6.94 | Least deprived third | 11,867 |
| 49 | 6.96 | 6.86 | 6.91 | Least deprived third | 11,710 |
| 50 | 6.97 | 6.89 | 6.93 | Least deprived third | 17,124 |
| 51 | 7.00 | 6.92 | 6.96 | Least deprived third | 11,747 |
| 52 | 6.95 | 6.86 | 6.91 | Least deprived third | 14,482 |
| 53 | 6.94 | 6.84 | 6.89 | Least deprived third | 13,416 |
| 54 | 6.96 | 6.87 | 6.91 | Least deprived third | 13,484 |
| 55 | 7.00 | 6.91 | 6.96 | Least deprived third | 15,505 |
| 56 | 6.95 | 6.87 | 6.91 | Least deprived third | 13,706 |
| 57 | 6.95 | 6.87 | 6.91 | Least deprived third | 13,995 |
| 58 | 6.97 | 6.89 | 6.93 | Least deprived third | 14,135 |
| 59 | 7.04 | 6.95 | 6.99 | Least deprived third | 13,973 |
| 60 | 7.10 | 7.03 | 7.07 | Least deprived third | 17,630 |
| 61 | 7.10 | 7.00 | 7.05 | Least deprived third | 13,070 |
| 62 | 7.18 | 7.12 | 7.15 | Least deprived third | 16,250 |
| 63 | 7.22 | 7.13 | 7.17 | Least deprived third | 14,101 |
| 64 | 7.28 | 7.20 | 7.24 | Least deprived third | 14,308 |
| 65 | 7.30 | 7.22 | 7.26 | Least deprived third | 16,522 |
| 66 | 7.36 | 7.28 | 7.32 | Least deprived third | 13,195 |
| 67 | 7.43 | 7.35 | 7.39 | Least deprived third | 13,502 |
| 68 | 7.43 | 7.34 | 7.38 | Least deprived third | 12,771 |
| 69 | 7.46 | 7.38 | 7.42 | Least deprived third | 11,352 |
| 70 | 7.49 | 7.40 | 7.45 | Least deprived third | 14,159 |
| 71 | 7.49 | 7.41 | 7.45 | Least deprived third | 9,805 |
| 72 | 7.48 | 7.39 | 7.43 | Least deprived third | 10,531 |
| 73 | 7.46 | 7.38 | 7.42 | Least deprived third | 9,433 |
| 74 | 7.49 | 7.39 | 7.44 | Least deprived third | 8,662 |
| 75 | 7.49 | 7.41 | 7.45 | Least deprived third | 9,452 |
| 76 | 7.48 | 7.39 | 7.43 | Least deprived third | 7,525 |
| 77 | 7.48 | 7.39 | 7.44 | Least deprived third | 7,373 |
| 78 | 7.48 | 7.38 | 7.43 | Least deprived third | 6,971 |
| 79 | 7.46 | 7.36 | 7.41 | Least deprived third | 6,340 |
| 80 | 7.50 | 7.41 | 7.45 | Least deprived third | 7,924 |
| 81 | 7.51 | 7.41 | 7.46 | Least deprived third | 5,532 |
| 82 | 7.50 | 7.40 | 7.45 | Least deprived third | 5,740 |
| 83 | 7.43 | 7.31 | 7.37 | Least deprived third | 5,160 |
| 84 | 7.49 | 7.37 | 7.43 | Least deprived third | 4,468 |
| 85 | 7.46 | 7.34 | 7.40 | Least deprived third | 4,535 |
| 86 | 7.50 | 7.36 | 7.43 | Least deprived third | 3,367 |
| 87 | 7.46 | 7.30 | 7.38 | Least deprived third | 2,921 |
| 88 | 7.49 | 7.33 | 7.41 | Least deprived third | 2,641 |
| 89 | 7.53 | 7.33 | 7.43 | Least deprived third | 1,849 |
| 90 | 7.62 | 7.42 | 7.52 | Least deprived third | 1,809 |
| 91 | 7.73 | 7.51 | 7.62 | Least deprived third | 1,082 |
| 92 | 7.49 | 7.19 | 7.34 | Least deprived third | 858 |
| 93 | 7.57 | 7.22 | 7.40 | Least deprived third | 603 |
| 94 | 7.50 | 7.06 | 7.28 | Least deprived third | 419 |
| 18 | 7.28 | 7.20 | 7.24 | Middle third | 8,347 |
| 19 | 7.18 | 7.10 | 7.14 | Middle third | 6,868 |
| 20 | 7.07 | 6.98 | 7.02 | Middle third | 6,846 |
| 21 | 7.05 | 6.96 | 7.01 | Middle third | 7,168 |
| 22 | 6.97 | 6.89 | 6.93 | Middle third | 6,617 |
| 23 | 6.89 | 6.81 | 6.85 | Middle third | 6,982 |
| 24 | 6.89 | 6.80 | 6.84 | Middle third | 6,881 |
| 25 | 6.96 | 6.87 | 6.91 | Middle third | 7,385 |
| 26 | 6.95 | 6.87 | 6.91 | Middle third | 6,774 |
| 27 | 7.01 | 6.92 | 6.96 | Middle third | 7,012 |
| 28 | 7.05 | 6.97 | 7.01 | Middle third | 7,479 |
| 29 | 7.02 | 6.93 | 6.97 | Middle third | 7,269 |
| 30 | 7.07 | 6.98 | 7.03 | Middle third | 8,783 |
| 31 | 7.07 | 6.98 | 7.03 | Middle third | 7,099 |
| 32 | 7.07 | 6.99 | 7.03 | Middle third | 8,355 |
| 33 | 7.08 | 7.00 | 7.04 | Middle third | 7,621 |
| 34 | 7.04 | 6.95 | 7.00 | Middle third | 7,850 |
| 35 | 7.08 | 7.00 | 7.04 | Middle third | 8,925 |
| 36 | 7.11 | 7.02 | 7.07 | Middle third | 8,082 |
| 37 | 7.07 | 6.98 | 7.03 | Middle third | 8,174 |
| 38 | 7.04 | 6.95 | 7.00 | Middle third | 8,426 |
| 39 | 7.08 | 6.99 | 7.04 | Middle third | 8,268 |
| 40 | 7.07 | 6.98 | 7.03 | Middle third | 11,000 |
| 41 | 7.04 | 6.93 | 6.98 | Middle third | 8,098 |
| 42 | 7.01 | 6.92 | 6.96 | Middle third | 10,173 |
| 43 | 6.96 | 6.88 | 6.92 | Middle third | 9,331 |
| 44 | 6.96 | 6.88 | 6.92 | Middle third | 9,065 |
| 45 | 6.94 | 6.85 | 6.90 | Middle third | 11,236 |
| 46 | 6.92 | 6.83 | 6.88 | Middle third | 10,369 |
| 47 | 6.90 | 6.80 | 6.85 | Middle third | 11,259 |
| 48 | 6.90 | 6.82 | 6.86 | Middle third | 11,628 |
| 49 | 6.92 | 6.83 | 6.88 | Middle third | 11,452 |
| 50 | 6.91 | 6.83 | 6.87 | Middle third | 16,013 |
| 51 | 6.89 | 6.81 | 6.85 | Middle third | 11,787 |
| 52 | 6.88 | 6.80 | 6.84 | Middle third | 14,572 |
| 53 | 6.84 | 6.76 | 6.80 | Middle third | 13,756 |
| 54 | 6.86 | 6.78 | 6.82 | Middle third | 14,096 |
| 55 | 6.88 | 6.81 | 6.84 | Middle third | 15,749 |
| 56 | 6.86 | 6.78 | 6.82 | Middle third | 14,495 |
| 57 | 6.92 | 6.85 | 6.88 | Middle third | 14,703 |
| 58 | 6.91 | 6.84 | 6.87 | Middle third | 14,995 |
| 59 | 6.97 | 6.90 | 6.94 | Middle third | 14,668 |
| 60 | 7.03 | 6.96 | 7.00 | Middle third | 18,154 |
| 61 | 7.07 | 7 | 7.03 | Middle third | 14,035 |
| 62 | 7.10 | 7.04 | 7.07 | Middle third | 17,202 |
| 63 | 7.15 | 7.08 | 7.12 | Middle third | 15,501 |
| 64 | 7.19 | 7.12 | 7.16 | Middle third | 15,486 |
| 65 | 7.28 | 7.21 | 7.24 | Middle third | 18,127 |
| 66 | 7.34 | 7.27 | 7.31 | Middle third | 14,659 |
| 67 | 7.30 | 7.23 | 7.26 | Middle third | 15,038 |
| 68 | 7.34 | 7.27 | 7.31 | Middle third | 14,396 |
| 69 | 7.39 | 7.31 | 7.35 | Middle third | 12,952 |
| 70 | 7.38 | 7.31 | 7.34 | Middle third | 15,675 |
| 71 | 7.40 | 7.32 | 7.36 | Middle third | 11,443 |
| 72 | 7.42 | 7.34 | 7.38 | Middle third | 12,228 |
| 73 | 7.42 | 7.34 | 7.38 | Middle third | 10,982 |
| 74 | 7.42 | 7.33 | 7.38 | Middle third | 10,095 |
| 75 | 7.42 | 7.34 | 7.38 | Middle third | 11,066 |
| 76 | 7.41 | 7.32 | 7.37 | Middle third | 8,960 |
| 77 | 7.41 | 7.32 | 7.37 | Middle third | 8,668 |
| 78 | 7.46 | 7.37 | 7.41 | Middle third | 8,380 |
| 79 | 7.45 | 7.36 | 7.40 | Middle third | 7,402 |
| 80 | 7.49 | 7.41 | 7.45 | Middle third | 8,957 |
| 81 | 7.47 | 7.36 | 7.42 | Middle third | 6,371 |
| 82 | 7.47 | 7.36 | 7.42 | Middle third | 6,481 |
| 83 | 7.43 | 7.33 | 7.38 | Middle third | 5,825 |
| 84 | 7.48 | 7.36 | 7.42 | Middle third | 5,095 |
| 85 | 7.44 | 7.32 | 7.38 | Middle third | 4,898 |
| 86 | 7.42 | 7.28 | 7.34 | Middle third | 3,731 |
| 87 | 7.52 | 7.34 | 7.43 | Middle third | 3,244 |
| 88 | 7.48 | 7.33 | 7.41 | Middle third | 2,741 |
| 89 | 7.55 | 7.37 | 7.46 | Middle third | 2,063 |
| 90 | 7.62 | 7.42 | 7.51 | Middle third | 1,827 |
| 91 | 7.57 | 7.36 | 7.46 | Middle third | 1,146 |
| 92 | 7.69 | 7.41 | 7.55 | Middle third | 915 |
| 93 | 7.69 | 7.35 | 7.52 | Middle third | 589 |
| 94 | 7.85 | 7.42 | 7.64 | Middle third | 431 |
| 18 | 7.29 | 7.21 | 7.25 | Most deprived third | 7,397 |
| 19 | 7.17 | 7.07 | 7.12 | Most deprived third | 6,397 |
| 20 | 7.03 | 6.95 | 6.99 | Most deprived third | 6,403 |
| 21 | 7.00 | 6.92 | 6.96 | Most deprived third | 6,655 |
| 22 | 6.99 | 6.89 | 6.94 | Most deprived third | 6,249 |
| 23 | 6.94 | 6.85 | 6.90 | Most deprived third | 6,257 |
| 24 | 6.87 | 6.77 | 6.82 | Most deprived third | 6,188 |
| 25 | 6.93 | 6.83 | 6.88 | Most deprived third | 6,815 |
| 26 | 6.91 | 6.80 | 6.86 | Most deprived third | 6,129 |
| 27 | 6.93 | 6.84 | 6.89 | Most deprived third | 6,377 |
| 28 | 6.92 | 6.83 | 6.88 | Most deprived third | 6,754 |
| 29 | 6.98 | 6.89 | 6.94 | Most deprived third | 6,661 |
| 30 | 6.97 | 6.88 | 6.92 | Most deprived third | 7,974 |
| 31 | 6.97 | 6.87 | 6.92 | Most deprived third | 6,612 |
| 32 | 6.94 | 6.84 | 6.89 | Most deprived third | 7,600 |
| 33 | 6.97 | 6.88 | 6.92 | Most deprived third | 6,992 |
| 34 | 6.96 | 6.87 | 6.91 | Most deprived third | 7,006 |
| 35 | 6.97 | 6.88 | 6.93 | Most deprived third | 8,085 |
| 36 | 6.97 | 6.88 | 6.92 | Most deprived third | 7,063 |
| 37 | 6.94 | 6.85 | 6.90 | Most deprived third | 7,190 |
| 38 | 6.95 | 6.85 | 6.90 | Most deprived third | 7,775 |
| 39 | 6.96 | 6.88 | 6.92 | Most deprived third | 7,775 |
| 40 | 6.90 | 6.82 | 6.86 | Most deprived third | 9,938 |
| 41 | 6.91 | 6.82 | 6.87 | Most deprived third | 7,575 |
| 42 | 6.86 | 6.77 | 6.81 | Most deprived third | 9,387 |
| 43 | 6.82 | 6.73 | 6.77 | Most deprived third | 8,954 |
| 44 | 6.84 | 6.75 | 6.80 | Most deprived third | 8,845 |
| 45 | 6.84 | 6.76 | 6.80 | Most deprived third | 10,741 |
| 46 | 6.77 | 6.68 | 6.72 | Most deprived third | 10,046 |
| 47 | 6.76 | 6.68 | 6.72 | Most deprived third | 10,883 |
| 48 | 6.76 | 6.68 | 6.72 | Most deprived third | 11,130 |
| 49 | 6.76 | 6.68 | 6.72 | Most deprived third | 11,621 |
| 50 | 6.78 | 6.71 | 6.74 | Most deprived third | 16,033 |
| 51 | 6.76 | 6.68 | 6.72 | Most deprived third | 12,032 |
| 52 | 6.75 | 6.67 | 6.71 | Most deprived third | 14,532 |
| 53 | 6.74 | 6.67 | 6.70 | Most deprived third | 14,083 |
| 54 | 6.77 | 6.70 | 6.73 | Most deprived third | 14,436 |
| 55 | 6.77 | 6.70 | 6.73 | Most deprived third | 16,199 |
| 56 | 6.79 | 6.72 | 6.75 | Most deprived third | 14,892 |
| 57 | 6.80 | 6.73 | 6.77 | Most deprived third | 15,441 |
| 58 | 6.84 | 6.77 | 6.80 | Most deprived third | 15,961 |
| 59 | 6.85 | 6.79 | 6.82 | Most deprived third | 15,776 |
| 60 | 6.92 | 6.86 | 6.89 | Most deprived third | 18,786 |
| 61 | 6.98 | 6.91 | 6.94 | Most deprived third | 14,814 |
| 62 | 7.02 | 6.96 | 6.99 | Most deprived third | 18,116 |
| 63 | 7.04 | 6.98 | 7.01 | Most deprived third | 16,397 |
| 64 | 7.11 | 7.05 | 7.08 | Most deprived third | 16,468 |
| 65 | 7.15 | 7.09 | 7.12 | Most deprived third | 18,407 |
| 66 | 7.21 | 7.14 | 7.17 | Most deprived third | 15,247 |
| 67 | 7.22 | 7.16 | 7.19 | Most deprived third | 15,574 |
| 68 | 7.23 | 7.16 | 7.19 | Most deprived third | 14,892 |
| 69 | 7.25 | 7.18 | 7.22 | Most deprived third | 13,762 |
| 70 | 7.30 | 7.23 | 7.27 | Most deprived third | 16,259 |
| 71 | 7.25 | 7.17 | 7.21 | Most deprived third | 11,890 |
| 72 | 7.27 | 7.20 | 7.23 | Most deprived third | 12,971 |
| 73 | 7.28 | 7.20 | 7.24 | Most deprived third | 11,858 |
| 74 | 7.31 | 7.24 | 7.27 | Most deprived third | 11,042 |
| 75 | 7.30 | 7.22 | 7.26 | Most deprived third | 11,833 |
| 76 | 7.31 | 7.23 | 7.27 | Most deprived third | 9,683 |
| 77 | 7.33 | 7.24 | 7.28 | Most deprived third | 9,399 |
| 78 | 7.30 | 7.21 | 7.26 | Most deprived third | 9,009 |
| 79 | 7.36 | 7.27 | 7.32 | Most deprived third | 7,892 |
| 80 | 7.39 | 7.30 | 7.34 | Most deprived third | 9,286 |
| 81 | 7.40 | 7.30 | 7.35 | Most deprived third | 6,937 |
| 82 | 7.35 | 7.24 | 7.30 | Most deprived third | 6,844 |
| 83 | 7.35 | 7.24 | 7.30 | Most deprived third | 6,092 |
| 84 | 7.38 | 7.26 | 7.32 | Most deprived third | 5,395 |
| 85 | 7.36 | 7.24 | 7.30 | Most deprived third | 5,029 |
| 86 | 7.41 | 7.28 | 7.35 | Most deprived third | 3,847 |
| 87 | 7.37 | 7.22 | 7.29 | Most deprived third | 3,256 |
| 88 | 7.40 | 7.25 | 7.32 | Most deprived third | 2,828 |
| 89 | 7.46 | 7.26 | 7.36 | Most deprived third | 1,989 |
| 90 | 7.63 | 7.44 | 7.53 | Most deprived third | 1,816 |
| 91 | 7.57 | 7.29 | 7.43 | Most deprived third | 1,106 |
| 92 | 7.61 | 7.28 | 7.44 | Most deprived third | 868 |
| 93 | 7.65 | 7.28 | 7.47 | Most deprived third | 562 |
| 94 | 7.73 | 7.29 | 7.51 | Most deprived third | 393 |

#### Table 3.2. Physical pain

Physical pain is more common in the most deprived third of interviews, with gaps of +0.9 points at ages 18 to 24 and +6.8 at ages 45 to 54

Share of adults who reported physical pain during a lot of the day yesterday by year of age and group of interviews by county deprivation, Gallup 2008 to 2017

| age | conf_high | conf_low | estimate | group | n |
| ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- | ---: |
| 18 | 14.99 | 13.82 | 14.41 | Least deprived third | 10,495 |
| 19 | 15.77 | 14.27 | 15.02 | Least deprived third | 8,307 |
| 20 | 16.20 | 14.60 | 15.40 | Least deprived third | 8,142 |
| 21 | 16.45 | 14.73 | 15.59 | Least deprived third | 8,395 |
| 22 | 16.14 | 14.43 | 15.29 | Least deprived third | 8,275 |
| 23 | 15.95 | 14.24 | 15.10 | Least deprived third | 8,545 |
| 24 | 16.46 | 14.63 | 15.54 | Least deprived third | 8,571 |
| 25 | 16.30 | 14.53 | 15.42 | Least deprived third | 9,743 |
| 26 | 16.24 | 14.30 | 15.27 | Least deprived third | 8,780 |
| 27 | 16.82 | 15.33 | 16.07 | Least deprived third | 9,052 |
| 28 | 16.14 | 14.77 | 15.45 | Least deprived third | 9,726 |
| 29 | 16.64 | 14.90 | 15.77 | Least deprived third | 9,341 |
| 30 | 16.39 | 14.98 | 15.68 | Least deprived third | 11,680 |
| 31 | 16.87 | 15.21 | 16.04 | Least deprived third | 9,072 |
| 32 | 17.33 | 15.85 | 16.59 | Least deprived third | 10,773 |
| 33 | 17.07 | 15.32 | 16.19 | Least deprived third | 9,943 |
| 34 | 17.74 | 15.97 | 16.86 | Least deprived third | 10,210 |
| 35 | 16.56 | 15.14 | 15.85 | Least deprived third | 12,205 |
| 36 | 17.81 | 16.17 | 16.99 | Least deprived third | 10,524 |
| 37 | 17.93 | 16.30 | 17.12 | Least deprived third | 10,873 |
| 38 | 17.21 | 15.78 | 16.49 | Least deprived third | 11,495 |
| 39 | 18.69 | 16.93 | 17.81 | Least deprived third | 11,034 |
| 40 | 18.23 | 16.63 | 17.43 | Least deprived third | 15,083 |
| 41 | 18.02 | 16.37 | 17.20 | Least deprived third | 10,788 |
| 42 | 19.01 | 17.20 | 18.11 | Least deprived third | 13,322 |
| 43 | 19.90 | 18.17 | 19.04 | Least deprived third | 12,233 |
| 44 | 20.39 | 18.39 | 19.39 | Least deprived third | 12,153 |
| 45 | 19.91 | 18.12 | 19.01 | Least deprived third | 14,674 |
| 46 | 20.85 | 19.10 | 19.97 | Least deprived third | 13,268 |
| 47 | 21.76 | 20.11 | 20.94 | Least deprived third | 14,381 |
| 48 | 23.43 | 21.51 | 22.47 | Least deprived third | 14,573 |
| 49 | 23.35 | 21.33 | 22.34 | Least deprived third | 14,418 |
| 50 | 22.91 | 21.21 | 22.06 | Least deprived third | 20,738 |
| 51 | 24.42 | 22.51 | 23.46 | Least deprived third | 14,384 |
| 52 | 23.92 | 22.30 | 23.11 | Least deprived third | 17,473 |
| 53 | 25.51 | 23.52 | 24.51 | Least deprived third | 16,297 |
| 54 | 25.74 | 23.84 | 24.79 | Least deprived third | 16,579 |
| 55 | 25.20 | 23.45 | 24.33 | Least deprived third | 18,609 |
| 56 | 26.60 | 24.88 | 25.74 | Least deprived third | 16,500 |
| 57 | 26.82 | 25.06 | 25.94 | Least deprived third | 16,888 |
| 58 | 26.94 | 25.09 | 26.01 | Least deprived third | 17,118 |
| 59 | 26.86 | 24.90 | 25.88 | Least deprived third | 16,738 |
| 60 | 26.03 | 24.27 | 25.15 | Least deprived third | 21,162 |
| 61 | 27.13 | 25.27 | 26.20 | Least deprived third | 15,964 |
| 62 | 27.20 | 25.44 | 26.32 | Least deprived third | 19,057 |
| 63 | 26.87 | 24.94 | 25.91 | Least deprived third | 16,382 |
| 64 | 26.45 | 24.62 | 25.53 | Least deprived third | 16,687 |
| 65 | 25.13 | 23.38 | 24.25 | Least deprived third | 19,473 |
| 66 | 25.55 | 24.06 | 24.80 | Least deprived third | 15,341 |
| 67 | 25.89 | 24.22 | 25.05 | Least deprived third | 15,535 |
| 68 | 25.30 | 23.56 | 24.43 | Least deprived third | 14,761 |
| 69 | 25.72 | 23.93 | 24.82 | Least deprived third | 13,052 |
| 70 | 24.54 | 22.91 | 23.73 | Least deprived third | 16,437 |
| 71 | 25.33 | 23.52 | 24.42 | Least deprived third | 11,386 |
| 72 | 25.01 | 23.21 | 24.11 | Least deprived third | 12,377 |
| 73 | 25.17 | 23.36 | 24.27 | Least deprived third | 11,036 |
| 74 | 25.55 | 23.65 | 24.60 | Least deprived third | 10,078 |
| 75 | 25.68 | 23.85 | 24.77 | Least deprived third | 11,177 |
| 76 | 26.11 | 24.36 | 25.23 | Least deprived third | 8,882 |
| 77 | 25.92 | 23.92 | 24.92 | Least deprived third | 8,777 |
| 78 | 26.59 | 24.67 | 25.63 | Least deprived third | 8,341 |
| 79 | 25.81 | 23.84 | 24.83 | Least deprived third | 7,472 |
| 80 | 25.48 | 23.80 | 24.64 | Least deprived third | 9,502 |
| 81 | 27.31 | 25.03 | 26.17 | Least deprived third | 6,569 |
| 82 | 26.39 | 24.25 | 25.32 | Least deprived third | 6,881 |
| 83 | 27.30 | 25 | 26.15 | Least deprived third | 6,126 |
| 84 | 26.91 | 24.52 | 25.72 | Least deprived third | 5,374 |
| 85 | 26.40 | 24.16 | 25.28 | Least deprived third | 5,372 |
| 86 | 27.37 | 24.79 | 26.08 | Least deprived third | 4,007 |
| 87 | 28.05 | 25.27 | 26.66 | Least deprived third | 3,421 |
| 88 | 26.26 | 23.70 | 24.98 | Least deprived third | 3,143 |
| 89 | 28.11 | 24.25 | 26.18 | Least deprived third | 2,135 |
| 90 | 26.61 | 22.80 | 24.70 | Least deprived third | 2,105 |
| 91 | 28.62 | 23.45 | 26.03 | Least deprived third | 1,283 |
| 92 | 30.18 | 24.26 | 27.22 | Least deprived third | 1,014 |
| 93 | 28.17 | 22.18 | 25.18 | Least deprived third | 703 |
| 94 | 27.40 | 19.42 | 23.41 | Least deprived third | 487 |
| 18 | 15.53 | 14.16 | 14.85 | Middle third | 9,511 |
| 19 | 15.81 | 14.30 | 15.06 | Middle third | 7,650 |
| 20 | 15.88 | 14.33 | 15.10 | Middle third | 7,660 |
| 21 | 16.29 | 14.60 | 15.44 | Middle third | 7,932 |
| 22 | 16.61 | 14.90 | 15.75 | Middle third | 7,459 |
| 23 | 16.41 | 14.59 | 15.50 | Middle third | 7,891 |
| 24 | 16.61 | 14.91 | 15.76 | Middle third | 7,803 |
| 25 | 16.58 | 14.99 | 15.79 | Middle third | 8,451 |
| 26 | 16.07 | 14.53 | 15.30 | Middle third | 7,837 |
| 27 | 17.60 | 15.54 | 16.57 | Middle third | 8,189 |
| 28 | 17.35 | 15.73 | 16.54 | Middle third | 8,844 |
| 29 | 17.13 | 15.57 | 16.35 | Middle third | 8,598 |
| 30 | 17.23 | 15.57 | 16.40 | Middle third | 10,288 |
| 31 | 17.76 | 15.64 | 16.70 | Middle third | 8,466 |
| 32 | 18.09 | 16.36 | 17.23 | Middle third | 9,834 |
| 33 | 18.57 | 16.78 | 17.67 | Middle third | 9,088 |
| 34 | 18.16 | 16.39 | 17.27 | Middle third | 9,320 |
| 35 | 18.29 | 16.63 | 17.46 | Middle third | 10,665 |
| 36 | 18.95 | 17.25 | 18.10 | Middle third | 9,807 |
| 37 | 19.04 | 17.46 | 18.25 | Middle third | 10,098 |
| 38 | 19.11 | 17.45 | 18.28 | Middle third | 10,522 |
| 39 | 19.05 | 17.17 | 18.11 | Middle third | 10,139 |
| 40 | 19.30 | 17.80 | 18.55 | Middle third | 13,219 |
| 41 | 20.65 | 18.94 | 19.79 | Middle third | 9,897 |
| 42 | 20.26 | 18.70 | 19.48 | Middle third | 12,408 |
| 43 | 21.50 | 19.82 | 20.66 | Middle third | 11,471 |
| 44 | 21.98 | 19.99 | 20.98 | Middle third | 11,248 |
| 45 | 22.10 | 20.38 | 21.24 | Middle third | 13,712 |
| 46 | 23.38 | 21.68 | 22.53 | Middle third | 12,610 |
| 47 | 24.08 | 22.33 | 23.20 | Middle third | 13,787 |
| 48 | 24.76 | 22.97 | 23.87 | Middle third | 14,129 |
| 49 | 25 | 23.21 | 24.10 | Middle third | 14,027 |
| 50 | 24.92 | 23.31 | 24.11 | Middle third | 19,306 |
| 51 | 27.44 | 25.40 | 26.42 | Middle third | 14,332 |
| 52 | 26.44 | 24.68 | 25.56 | Middle third | 17,418 |
| 53 | 27.90 | 26.15 | 27.02 | Middle third | 16,515 |
| 54 | 27.78 | 26.24 | 27.01 | Middle third | 16,938 |
| 55 | 27.71 | 26.10 | 26.90 | Middle third | 18,884 |
| 56 | 28.45 | 26.74 | 27.60 | Middle third | 17,316 |
| 57 | 28.93 | 27.12 | 28.03 | Middle third | 17,520 |
| 58 | 28.74 | 27.14 | 27.94 | Middle third | 17,953 |
| 59 | 28.87 | 27.28 | 28.07 | Middle third | 17,486 |
| 60 | 28.03 | 26.52 | 27.27 | Middle third | 21,614 |
| 61 | 28.72 | 27.21 | 27.97 | Middle third | 16,996 |
| 62 | 28.20 | 26.71 | 27.45 | Middle third | 20,147 |
| 63 | 28.64 | 27.18 | 27.91 | Middle third | 17,843 |
| 64 | 27.43 | 25.87 | 26.65 | Middle third | 17,923 |
| 65 | 26.15 | 24.83 | 25.49 | Middle third | 21,135 |
| 66 | 26.40 | 24.96 | 25.68 | Middle third | 16,921 |
| 67 | 26.84 | 25.47 | 26.16 | Middle third | 17,304 |
| 68 | 26.01 | 24.52 | 25.27 | Middle third | 16,566 |
| 69 | 26.75 | 25.13 | 25.94 | Middle third | 14,855 |
| 70 | 25.98 | 24.52 | 25.25 | Middle third | 17,959 |
| 71 | 26.10 | 24.57 | 25.34 | Middle third | 13,281 |
| 72 | 26.62 | 25.10 | 25.86 | Middle third | 14,214 |
| 73 | 26.27 | 24.75 | 25.51 | Middle third | 12,795 |
| 74 | 26.69 | 24.92 | 25.81 | Middle third | 11,722 |
| 75 | 25.87 | 24.40 | 25.14 | Middle third | 12,906 |
| 76 | 26.41 | 24.69 | 25.55 | Middle third | 10,505 |
| 77 | 27.33 | 25.51 | 26.42 | Middle third | 10,231 |
| 78 | 26.41 | 24.64 | 25.52 | Middle third | 9,959 |
| 79 | 27.89 | 25.98 | 26.94 | Middle third | 8,720 |
| 80 | 26.11 | 24.36 | 25.23 | Middle third | 10,605 |
| 81 | 26.08 | 24.10 | 25.09 | Middle third | 7,550 |
| 82 | 27.77 | 25.94 | 26.86 | Middle third | 7,633 |
| 83 | 27.57 | 25.45 | 26.51 | Middle third | 6,832 |
| 84 | 27.15 | 24.89 | 26.02 | Middle third | 5,992 |
| 85 | 27.20 | 24.96 | 26.08 | Middle third | 5,739 |
| 86 | 28.94 | 26.24 | 27.59 | Middle third | 4,455 |
| 87 | 29.64 | 26.66 | 28.15 | Middle third | 3,801 |
| 88 | 27.65 | 24.56 | 26.11 | Middle third | 3,271 |
| 89 | 27.71 | 23.92 | 25.81 | Middle third | 2,363 |
| 90 | 26.37 | 22.65 | 24.51 | Middle third | 2,146 |
| 91 | 27.88 | 23.49 | 25.68 | Middle third | 1,316 |
| 92 | 26.82 | 21.95 | 24.39 | Middle third | 1,058 |
| 93 | 27.25 | 20.86 | 24.06 | Middle third | 690 |
| 94 | 26.68 | 18.87 | 22.77 | Middle third | 483 |
| 18 | 15.27 | 13.77 | 14.52 | Most deprived third | 8,560 |
| 19 | 16.01 | 14.31 | 15.16 | Most deprived third | 7,302 |
| 20 | 17.63 | 15.71 | 16.67 | Most deprived third | 7,222 |
| 21 | 16.77 | 14.95 | 15.86 | Most deprived third | 7,455 |
| 22 | 17.66 | 15.90 | 16.78 | Most deprived third | 7,081 |
| 23 | 17.24 | 15.55 | 16.40 | Most deprived third | 7,172 |
| 24 | 18.13 | 16.24 | 17.19 | Most deprived third | 7,070 |
| 25 | 18.45 | 16.65 | 17.55 | Most deprived third | 7,845 |
| 26 | 18.79 | 16.93 | 17.86 | Most deprived third | 7,230 |
| 27 | 19.04 | 17.23 | 18.14 | Most deprived third | 7,521 |
| 28 | 18.82 | 17.09 | 17.95 | Most deprived third | 8,048 |
| 29 | 19.11 | 17.36 | 18.24 | Most deprived third | 7,935 |
| 30 | 19.58 | 17.88 | 18.73 | Most deprived third | 9,477 |
| 31 | 20.10 | 18.33 | 19.21 | Most deprived third | 7,907 |
| 32 | 20.14 | 18.39 | 19.26 | Most deprived third | 9,007 |
| 33 | 20.53 | 18.78 | 19.66 | Most deprived third | 8,364 |
| 34 | 19.67 | 17.89 | 18.78 | Most deprived third | 8,423 |
| 35 | 21.32 | 19.69 | 20.50 | Most deprived third | 9,731 |
| 36 | 21.39 | 19.54 | 20.46 | Most deprived third | 8,659 |
| 37 | 22.18 | 20.49 | 21.34 | Most deprived third | 9,060 |
| 38 | 22.15 | 20.46 | 21.30 | Most deprived third | 9,618 |
| 39 | 22.40 | 20.73 | 21.57 | Most deprived third | 9,450 |
| 40 | 22.91 | 21.37 | 22.14 | Most deprived third | 11,995 |
| 41 | 23.83 | 22.11 | 22.97 | Most deprived third | 9,316 |
| 42 | 24.42 | 22.78 | 23.60 | Most deprived third | 11,394 |
| 43 | 25.39 | 23.65 | 24.52 | Most deprived third | 10,995 |
| 44 | 26.09 | 24.31 | 25.20 | Most deprived third | 10,840 |
| 45 | 25.98 | 24.42 | 25.20 | Most deprived third | 13,192 |
| 46 | 27.43 | 25.67 | 26.55 | Most deprived third | 12,309 |
| 47 | 28.43 | 26.72 | 27.58 | Most deprived third | 13,290 |
| 48 | 28.98 | 27.38 | 28.18 | Most deprived third | 13,664 |
| 49 | 29.79 | 28.14 | 28.97 | Most deprived third | 14,109 |
| 50 | 30.06 | 28.62 | 29.34 | Most deprived third | 19,225 |
| 51 | 31.54 | 29.82 | 30.68 | Most deprived third | 14,683 |
| 52 | 31.11 | 29.57 | 30.34 | Most deprived third | 17,593 |
| 53 | 31.97 | 30.38 | 31.17 | Most deprived third | 16,905 |
| 54 | 32.45 | 30.83 | 31.64 | Most deprived third | 17,418 |
| 55 | 32.28 | 30.83 | 31.56 | Most deprived third | 19,271 |
| 56 | 32.74 | 31.14 | 31.94 | Most deprived third | 17,691 |
| 57 | 32.76 | 31.23 | 32 | Most deprived third | 18,409 |
| 58 | 33.44 | 31.98 | 32.71 | Most deprived third | 18,977 |
| 59 | 33.27 | 31.80 | 32.54 | Most deprived third | 18,805 |
| 60 | 32.64 | 31.24 | 31.94 | Most deprived third | 22,276 |
| 61 | 32.95 | 31.44 | 32.20 | Most deprived third | 17,862 |
| 62 | 33.13 | 31.71 | 32.42 | Most deprived third | 21,055 |
| 63 | 33.03 | 31.62 | 32.32 | Most deprived third | 18,765 |
| 64 | 31.78 | 30.40 | 31.09 | Most deprived third | 19,112 |
| 65 | 30.23 | 28.86 | 29.55 | Most deprived third | 21,564 |
| 66 | 30.02 | 28.61 | 29.32 | Most deprived third | 17,854 |
| 67 | 30.07 | 28.68 | 29.37 | Most deprived third | 18,088 |
| 68 | 30.03 | 28.54 | 29.28 | Most deprived third | 17,307 |
| 69 | 29.22 | 27.83 | 28.52 | Most deprived third | 15,939 |
| 70 | 27.44 | 26.10 | 26.77 | Most deprived third | 18,834 |
| 71 | 28.85 | 27.36 | 28.10 | Most deprived third | 13,863 |
| 72 | 28.24 | 26.77 | 27.51 | Most deprived third | 15,090 |
| 73 | 28.77 | 27.26 | 28.02 | Most deprived third | 13,898 |
| 74 | 28.11 | 26.62 | 27.37 | Most deprived third | 12,888 |
| 75 | 28.57 | 27.08 | 27.83 | Most deprived third | 13,781 |
| 76 | 29.46 | 27.82 | 28.64 | Most deprived third | 11,408 |
| 77 | 29.15 | 27.46 | 28.31 | Most deprived third | 11,132 |
| 78 | 28.58 | 26.85 | 27.71 | Most deprived third | 10,757 |
| 79 | 28.28 | 26.41 | 27.35 | Most deprived third | 9,339 |
| 80 | 27.31 | 25.60 | 26.46 | Most deprived third | 10,988 |
| 81 | 28.93 | 27.05 | 27.99 | Most deprived third | 8,281 |
| 82 | 29.60 | 27.60 | 28.60 | Most deprived third | 8,109 |
| 83 | 29.57 | 27.47 | 28.52 | Most deprived third | 7,230 |
| 84 | 29.47 | 27.25 | 28.36 | Most deprived third | 6,392 |
| 85 | 28.81 | 26.56 | 27.69 | Most deprived third | 5,959 |
| 86 | 28.37 | 25.93 | 27.15 | Most deprived third | 4,542 |
| 87 | 30.18 | 27.34 | 28.76 | Most deprived third | 3,818 |
| 88 | 28.40 | 25.36 | 26.88 | Most deprived third | 3,352 |
| 89 | 30.02 | 25.91 | 27.96 | Most deprived third | 2,328 |
| 90 | 27.19 | 23.68 | 25.43 | Most deprived third | 2,127 |
| 91 | 27.95 | 23.13 | 25.54 | Most deprived third | 1,296 |
| 92 | 30.22 | 24.79 | 27.50 | Most deprived third | 1,029 |
| 93 | 29.04 | 22.49 | 25.77 | Most deprived third | 652 |
| 94 | 29.13 | 21.50 | 25.31 | Most deprived third | 478 |

#### Table 3.3. Gap in the feelings

Except for physical pain, feelings differ by at most 2.9 points between the most and least deprived thirds of interviews in any age band, and physical pain has a gap of +6.8 points at ages 45 to 54

Difference in the share reporting each feeling yesterday, most deprived third minus least deprived third of interviews, by age band, with 95% intervals clustered by county, Gallup 2008 to 2017

| conf_high | conf_low | estimate | group | label | n |
| ---: | ---: | ---: | --- | --- | ---: |
| 0.570 | −0.580 | 0 | Enjoyment | Ages 18 to 24 | 112,542 |
| 0.510 | −0.630 | −0.060 | Enjoyment | Ages 25 to 34 | 179,962 |
| −0.530 | −1.49 | −1.01 | Enjoyment | Ages 35 to 44 | 220,497 |
| −0.970 | −2.05 | −1.51 | Enjoyment | Ages 45 to 54 | 308,777 |
| −0.490 | −1.50 | −0.990 | Enjoyment | Ages 55 to 64 | 366,897 |
| −0.650 | −1.72 | −1.19 | Enjoyment | Ages 65 to 74 | 304,381 |
| 0.560 | −0.500 | 0.030 | Enjoyment | Ages 75 to 94 | 225,148 |
| −2.16 | −3.57 | −2.86 | Worry | Ages 18 to 24 | 112,597 |
| −0.680 | −2.13 | −1.41 | Worry | Ages 25 to 34 | 180,083 |
| 0.320 | −1.10 | −0.390 | Worry | Ages 35 to 44 | 220,697 |
| 0.490 | −0.930 | −0.220 | Worry | Ages 45 to 54 | 309,157 |
| −0.110 | −1.44 | −0.770 | Worry | Ages 55 to 64 | 367,349 |
| 0.280 | −1.03 | −0.380 | Worry | Ages 65 to 74 | 304,938 |
| 0.270 | −0.980 | −0.350 | Worry | Ages 75 to 94 | 225,950 |
| −0.210 | −2.45 | −1.33 | Stress | Ages 18 to 24 | 112,582 |
| 0.430 | −1.06 | −0.320 | Stress | Ages 25 to 34 | 180,065 |
| 0.520 | −0.700 | −0.090 | Stress | Ages 35 to 44 | 220,640 |
| 0.790 | −0.290 | 0.250 | Stress | Ages 45 to 54 | 309,120 |
| −0.330 | −1.36 | −0.840 | Stress | Ages 55 to 64 | 367,272 |
| −0.360 | −1.49 | −0.930 | Stress | Ages 65 to 74 | 304,911 |
| −0.230 | −1.24 | −0.730 | Stress | Ages 75 to 94 | 225,958 |
| −0.400 | −1.49 | −0.950 | Sadness | Ages 18 to 24 | 103,310 |
| 0.940 | −0.590 | 0.180 | Sadness | Ages 25 to 34 | 166,160 |
| 2.26 | 0.600 | 1.43 | Sadness | Ages 35 to 44 | 207,288 |
| 2.93 | 1.36 | 2.15 | Sadness | Ages 45 to 54 | 292,866 |
| 2.11 | 0.820 | 1.46 | Sadness | Ages 55 to 64 | 347,212 |
| 1.66 | 0.550 | 1.11 | Sadness | Ages 65 to 74 | 285,849 |
| 1.11 | 0.020 | 0.560 | Sadness | Ages 75 to 94 | 213,833 |
| 1.39 | 0.340 | 0.870 | Physical pain | Ages 18 to 24 | 112,592 |
| 3.21 | 2.03 | 2.62 | Physical pain | Ages 25 to 34 | 180,077 |
| 5.52 | 4.28 | 4.90 | Physical pain | Ages 35 to 44 | 220,768 |
| 7.62 | 6.03 | 6.83 | Physical pain | Ages 45 to 54 | 309,173 |
| 7.17 | 5.61 | 6.39 | Physical pain | Ages 55 to 64 | 367,328 |
| 4.62 | 3.41 | 4.01 | Physical pain | Ages 65 to 74 | 304,801 |
| 2.90 | 1.98 | 2.44 | Physical pain | Ages 75 to 94 | 225,769 |

Note: Each age is a different group of people interviewed in the same years, so a profile mixes age with birth cohort and does not follow anyone through life.

Note: Cells at the oldest ages hold fewer interviews, so their intervals are wider; the extract has no interviews above age 94.

Note: County deprivation is the mean Area Deprivation Index 2023 national rank of the county's tracts, weighted by tract population (1 is least deprived), joined to interviews from 2008 to 2017, so it describes counties as they were later than the interviews. Interviews are ranked on it and cut into three groups of about equal size; a county sits in one group. 931 interviews are in counties with no rank and are left out of this figure.

Note: The ladder of 2008 is not used. Political questions that came before the ladder lowered it in 2008 and in the first months of 2009, and the extract has no interview month, so early 2009 interviews may carry part of the effect. Scores averaged 6.69 in 2008 and 7.03 in 2009, and the 2009 minus 2008 difference is between 0.29 and 0.38 ladder points in every age band.

Note: Gallup's extract has no survey weights, so every estimate is unweighted and levels can differ from the weighted figures Gallup publishes. County comes from the respondent's ZIP code and is approximate near county lines.

Source: Gallup U.S. Daily, ladder 2009-2017 and feelings 2008-2017; unweighted, intervals clustered by county; county Area Deprivation Index 2023 joined on the county of the interview

Data: https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/report/well-being-across-the-life-span/figures/profiles_by_place.json

### Table 4. The fall in life evaluation from ages 25 to 34 to ages 45 to 54 is −0.59 ladder points in households under $36,000 and −0.05 in households of $90,000 or more, where the fall from ages 35 to 44 is −0.07

Cantril ladder score and feelings yesterday by year of age, for interviews in 2009 to 2014 in households with annual income under the lower cutoff, between the cutoffs and above the upper cutoff, Gallup

#### Table 4.1. Ladder

Ladder scores fall to 5.89 at ages 45 to 54 in households under $36,000, while in households of $90,000 or more they are 7.51 at ages 35 to 44 and 7.45 at ages 45 to 54

Unweighted mean Cantril ladder score by year of age and household income group, Gallup 2009 to 2014

| age | conf_high | conf_low | estimate | group | n |
| ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- | ---: |
| 18 | 7.14 | 7.04 | 7.09 | Under $36,000 | 5,686 |
| 19 | 7.00 | 6.91 | 6.96 | Under $36,000 | 5,858 |
| 20 | 6.97 | 6.87 | 6.92 | Under $36,000 | 6,592 |
| 21 | 6.94 | 6.85 | 6.89 | Under $36,000 | 7,219 |
| 22 | 6.85 | 6.76 | 6.81 | Under $36,000 | 6,854 |
| 23 | 6.75 | 6.66 | 6.71 | Under $36,000 | 6,753 |
| 24 | 6.71 | 6.60 | 6.65 | Under $36,000 | 6,544 |
| 25 | 6.71 | 6.62 | 6.66 | Under $36,000 | 6,878 |
| 26 | 6.60 | 6.50 | 6.55 | Under $36,000 | 5,908 |
| 27 | 6.56 | 6.45 | 6.50 | Under $36,000 | 5,783 |
| 28 | 6.57 | 6.46 | 6.52 | Under $36,000 | 6,052 |
| 29 | 6.49 | 6.37 | 6.43 | Under $36,000 | 5,352 |
| 30 | 6.56 | 6.43 | 6.49 | Under $36,000 | 6,511 |
| 31 | 6.47 | 6.33 | 6.40 | Under $36,000 | 4,588 |
| 32 | 6.46 | 6.33 | 6.40 | Under $36,000 | 5,552 |
| 33 | 6.43 | 6.30 | 6.37 | Under $36,000 | 4,611 |
| 34 | 6.41 | 6.27 | 6.34 | Under $36,000 | 4,532 |
| 35 | 6.41 | 6.28 | 6.34 | Under $36,000 | 5,368 |
| 36 | 6.38 | 6.22 | 6.30 | Under $36,000 | 4,409 |
| 37 | 6.29 | 6.14 | 6.21 | Under $36,000 | 4,486 |
| 38 | 6.29 | 6.16 | 6.23 | Under $36,000 | 4,752 |
| 39 | 6.25 | 6.12 | 6.19 | Under $36,000 | 4,443 |
| 40 | 6.28 | 6.16 | 6.22 | Under $36,000 | 6,404 |
| 41 | 6.15 | 6.01 | 6.08 | Under $36,000 | 4,289 |
| 42 | 6.08 | 5.95 | 6.02 | Under $36,000 | 5,550 |
| 43 | 6.06 | 5.93 | 5.99 | Under $36,000 | 5,208 |
| 44 | 6.10 | 5.97 | 6.04 | Under $36,000 | 5,001 |
| 45 | 6.03 | 5.91 | 5.97 | Under $36,000 | 6,302 |
| 46 | 5.95 | 5.83 | 5.89 | Under $36,000 | 5,860 |
| 47 | 5.97 | 5.85 | 5.91 | Under $36,000 | 6,436 |
| 48 | 5.94 | 5.82 | 5.88 | Under $36,000 | 6,715 |
| 49 | 5.95 | 5.83 | 5.89 | Under $36,000 | 6,802 |
| 50 | 5.96 | 5.86 | 5.91 | Under $36,000 | 9,698 |
| 51 | 5.97 | 5.86 | 5.92 | Under $36,000 | 7,178 |
| 52 | 5.93 | 5.83 | 5.88 | Under $36,000 | 8,699 |
| 53 | 5.87 | 5.77 | 5.82 | Under $36,000 | 8,438 |
| 54 | 5.90 | 5.80 | 5.85 | Under $36,000 | 8,402 |
| 55 | 5.93 | 5.83 | 5.88 | Under $36,000 | 9,412 |
| 56 | 5.87 | 5.77 | 5.82 | Under $36,000 | 8,579 |
| 57 | 5.95 | 5.84 | 5.89 | Under $36,000 | 9,010 |
| 58 | 5.96 | 5.86 | 5.91 | Under $36,000 | 8,977 |
| 59 | 6.05 | 5.94 | 5.99 | Under $36,000 | 8,763 |
| 60 | 6.10 | 6 | 6.05 | Under $36,000 | 10,465 |
| 61 | 6.20 | 6.09 | 6.14 | Under $36,000 | 8,360 |
| 62 | 6.28 | 6.19 | 6.23 | Under $36,000 | 10,210 |
| 63 | 6.31 | 6.22 | 6.26 | Under $36,000 | 9,070 |
| 64 | 6.43 | 6.34 | 6.39 | Under $36,000 | 8,947 |
| 65 | 6.53 | 6.44 | 6.48 | Under $36,000 | 10,348 |
| 66 | 6.59 | 6.50 | 6.54 | Under $36,000 | 8,602 |
| 67 | 6.62 | 6.53 | 6.57 | Under $36,000 | 8,867 |
| 68 | 6.65 | 6.56 | 6.60 | Under $36,000 | 8,512 |
| 69 | 6.73 | 6.64 | 6.68 | Under $36,000 | 8,076 |
| 70 | 6.78 | 6.70 | 6.74 | Under $36,000 | 9,664 |
| 71 | 6.81 | 6.71 | 6.76 | Under $36,000 | 7,672 |
| 72 | 6.84 | 6.74 | 6.79 | Under $36,000 | 8,342 |
| 73 | 6.85 | 6.75 | 6.80 | Under $36,000 | 7,729 |
| 74 | 6.91 | 6.81 | 6.86 | Under $36,000 | 7,424 |
| 75 | 6.94 | 6.85 | 6.89 | Under $36,000 | 8,139 |
| 76 | 6.93 | 6.83 | 6.88 | Under $36,000 | 6,945 |
| 77 | 7.00 | 6.90 | 6.95 | Under $36,000 | 6,834 |
| 78 | 7.03 | 6.93 | 6.98 | Under $36,000 | 6,649 |
| 79 | 7.01 | 6.90 | 6.96 | Under $36,000 | 6,142 |
| 80 | 7.11 | 7.01 | 7.06 | Under $36,000 | 7,443 |
| 81 | 7.11 | 7 | 7.05 | Under $36,000 | 5,617 |
| 82 | 7.14 | 7.02 | 7.08 | Under $36,000 | 5,792 |
| 83 | 7.10 | 6.98 | 7.04 | Under $36,000 | 5,125 |
| 84 | 7.18 | 7.06 | 7.12 | Under $36,000 | 4,628 |
| 85 | 7.18 | 7.05 | 7.12 | Under $36,000 | 4,351 |
| 86 | 7.28 | 7.13 | 7.20 | Under $36,000 | 3,386 |
| 87 | 7.29 | 7.12 | 7.21 | Under $36,000 | 2,842 |
| 88 | 7.26 | 7.09 | 7.18 | Under $36,000 | 2,474 |
| 89 | 7.31 | 7.10 | 7.21 | Under $36,000 | 1,867 |
| 90 | 7.37 | 7.16 | 7.26 | Under $36,000 | 1,616 |
| 91 | 7.61 | 7.34 | 7.47 | Under $36,000 | 981 |
| 92 | 7.46 | 7.13 | 7.29 | Under $36,000 | 755 |
| 93 | 7.53 | 7.15 | 7.34 | Under $36,000 | 521 |
| 94 | 7.70 | 7.21 | 7.45 | Under $36,000 | 310 |
| 18 | 7.38 | 7.29 | 7.34 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 4,315 |
| 19 | 7.25 | 7.14 | 7.19 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 3,545 |
| 20 | 7.22 | 7.12 | 7.17 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 3,432 |
| 21 | 7.22 | 7.11 | 7.16 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 3,725 |
| 22 | 7.21 | 7.11 | 7.16 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 3,852 |
| 23 | 7.16 | 7.07 | 7.12 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 4,534 |
| 24 | 7.12 | 7.03 | 7.07 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 4,926 |
| 25 | 7.20 | 7.11 | 7.16 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 5,718 |
| 26 | 7.18 | 7.10 | 7.14 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 5,657 |
| 27 | 7.22 | 7.14 | 7.18 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 6,142 |
| 28 | 7.21 | 7.13 | 7.17 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 6,743 |
| 29 | 7.19 | 7.12 | 7.15 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 6,811 |
| 30 | 7.17 | 7.10 | 7.14 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 7,970 |
| 31 | 7.18 | 7.11 | 7.14 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 6,785 |
| 32 | 7.14 | 7.07 | 7.10 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 7,577 |
| 33 | 7.15 | 7.08 | 7.11 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 7,028 |
| 34 | 7.13 | 7.05 | 7.09 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 7,113 |
| 35 | 7.13 | 7.06 | 7.09 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 7,780 |
| 36 | 7.09 | 7.00 | 7.05 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 7,073 |
| 37 | 7.05 | 6.97 | 7.01 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 7,115 |
| 38 | 7.05 | 6.98 | 7.02 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 7,564 |
| 39 | 7.05 | 6.98 | 7.02 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 7,347 |
| 40 | 7.01 | 6.94 | 6.98 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 9,294 |
| 41 | 7.02 | 6.95 | 6.99 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 7,481 |
| 42 | 6.95 | 6.88 | 6.91 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 8,922 |
| 43 | 6.92 | 6.84 | 6.88 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 8,202 |
| 44 | 6.93 | 6.85 | 6.89 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 7,958 |
| 45 | 6.96 | 6.88 | 6.92 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 9,379 |
| 46 | 6.90 | 6.83 | 6.86 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 8,579 |
| 47 | 6.87 | 6.80 | 6.84 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 9,507 |
| 48 | 6.88 | 6.81 | 6.85 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 9,611 |
| 49 | 6.86 | 6.79 | 6.82 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 9,826 |
| 50 | 6.90 | 6.83 | 6.87 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 12,927 |
| 51 | 6.92 | 6.84 | 6.88 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 9,986 |
| 52 | 6.87 | 6.80 | 6.83 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 12,058 |
| 53 | 6.90 | 6.83 | 6.87 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 11,152 |
| 54 | 6.93 | 6.86 | 6.89 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 11,437 |
| 55 | 6.91 | 6.84 | 6.88 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 12,738 |
| 56 | 6.94 | 6.87 | 6.90 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 12,024 |
| 57 | 6.97 | 6.90 | 6.93 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 12,157 |
| 58 | 6.98 | 6.91 | 6.95 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 12,474 |
| 59 | 7.04 | 6.98 | 7.01 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 12,419 |
| 60 | 7.12 | 7.06 | 7.09 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 14,550 |
| 61 | 7.16 | 7.09 | 7.13 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 11,886 |
| 62 | 7.19 | 7.13 | 7.16 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 14,832 |
| 63 | 7.24 | 7.17 | 7.21 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 13,321 |
| 64 | 7.29 | 7.23 | 7.26 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 13,534 |
| 65 | 7.33 | 7.27 | 7.30 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 14,666 |
| 66 | 7.41 | 7.34 | 7.38 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 11,987 |
| 67 | 7.43 | 7.37 | 7.40 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 11,910 |
| 68 | 7.44 | 7.37 | 7.40 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 10,820 |
| 69 | 7.48 | 7.41 | 7.44 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 9,902 |
| 70 | 7.50 | 7.43 | 7.46 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 11,374 |
| 71 | 7.54 | 7.46 | 7.50 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 8,453 |
| 72 | 7.54 | 7.46 | 7.50 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 8,691 |
| 73 | 7.55 | 7.47 | 7.51 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 7,438 |
| 74 | 7.58 | 7.49 | 7.53 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 6,774 |
| 75 | 7.55 | 7.47 | 7.51 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 7,325 |
| 76 | 7.56 | 7.47 | 7.52 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 5,726 |
| 77 | 7.57 | 7.48 | 7.53 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 5,546 |
| 78 | 7.61 | 7.51 | 7.56 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 5,173 |
| 79 | 7.67 | 7.57 | 7.62 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 4,559 |
| 80 | 7.65 | 7.55 | 7.60 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 5,116 |
| 81 | 7.66 | 7.54 | 7.60 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 3,742 |
| 82 | 7.64 | 7.51 | 7.58 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 3,591 |
| 83 | 7.62 | 7.48 | 7.55 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 3,174 |
| 84 | 7.66 | 7.52 | 7.59 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 2,650 |
| 85 | 7.57 | 7.42 | 7.50 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 2,556 |
| 86 | 7.61 | 7.44 | 7.52 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 1,838 |
| 87 | 7.64 | 7.44 | 7.54 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 1,561 |
| 88 | 7.57 | 7.37 | 7.47 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 1,303 |
| 89 | 7.78 | 7.52 | 7.65 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 890 |
| 90 | 7.79 | 7.49 | 7.64 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 773 |
| 91 | 7.92 | 7.62 | 7.77 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 505 |
| 92 | 7.81 | 7.43 | 7.62 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 397 |
| 93 | 7.81 | 7.30 | 7.56 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 226 |
| 94 | 7.78 | 7.20 | 7.49 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 198 |
| 18 | 7.58 | 7.47 | 7.52 | $90,000 or more | 2,731 |
| 19 | 7.61 | 7.47 | 7.54 | $90,000 or more | 2,035 |
| 20 | 7.45 | 7.31 | 7.38 | $90,000 or more | 1,825 |
| 21 | 7.46 | 7.31 | 7.38 | $90,000 or more | 1,817 |
| 22 | 7.31 | 7.16 | 7.24 | $90,000 or more | 1,638 |
| 23 | 7.24 | 7.08 | 7.16 | $90,000 or more | 1,635 |
| 24 | 7.27 | 7.11 | 7.19 | $90,000 or more | 1,547 |
| 25 | 7.30 | 7.15 | 7.22 | $90,000 or more | 1,718 |
| 26 | 7.41 | 7.27 | 7.34 | $90,000 or more | 1,673 |
| 27 | 7.47 | 7.34 | 7.41 | $90,000 or more | 2,028 |
| 28 | 7.55 | 7.44 | 7.50 | $90,000 or more | 2,337 |
| 29 | 7.57 | 7.45 | 7.51 | $90,000 or more | 2,627 |
| 30 | 7.60 | 7.49 | 7.54 | $90,000 or more | 3,223 |
| 31 | 7.59 | 7.50 | 7.54 | $90,000 or more | 3,225 |
| 32 | 7.58 | 7.49 | 7.54 | $90,000 or more | 3,704 |
| 33 | 7.59 | 7.50 | 7.55 | $90,000 or more | 3,774 |
| 34 | 7.58 | 7.50 | 7.54 | $90,000 or more | 4,031 |
| 35 | 7.58 | 7.50 | 7.54 | $90,000 or more | 4,750 |
| 36 | 7.61 | 7.53 | 7.57 | $90,000 or more | 4,481 |
| 37 | 7.60 | 7.53 | 7.57 | $90,000 or more | 4,744 |
| 38 | 7.56 | 7.49 | 7.53 | $90,000 or more | 5,116 |
| 39 | 7.57 | 7.50 | 7.53 | $90,000 or more | 5,415 |
| 40 | 7.56 | 7.48 | 7.52 | $90,000 or more | 6,509 |
| 41 | 7.55 | 7.47 | 7.51 | $90,000 or more | 5,541 |
| 42 | 7.52 | 7.46 | 7.49 | $90,000 or more | 6,799 |
| 43 | 7.48 | 7.41 | 7.45 | $90,000 or more | 6,276 |
| 44 | 7.50 | 7.43 | 7.46 | $90,000 or more | 6,156 |
| 45 | 7.50 | 7.43 | 7.46 | $90,000 or more | 7,061 |
| 46 | 7.46 | 7.39 | 7.43 | $90,000 or more | 6,785 |
| 47 | 7.47 | 7.39 | 7.43 | $90,000 or more | 7,090 |
| 48 | 7.45 | 7.39 | 7.42 | $90,000 or more | 7,421 |
| 49 | 7.47 | 7.40 | 7.44 | $90,000 or more | 7,424 |
| 50 | 7.46 | 7.40 | 7.43 | $90,000 or more | 9,246 |
| 51 | 7.49 | 7.42 | 7.45 | $90,000 or more | 7,276 |
| 52 | 7.51 | 7.45 | 7.48 | $90,000 or more | 8,649 |
| 53 | 7.48 | 7.41 | 7.45 | $90,000 or more | 8,237 |
| 54 | 7.50 | 7.43 | 7.47 | $90,000 or more | 8,045 |
| 55 | 7.50 | 7.43 | 7.46 | $90,000 or more | 8,899 |
| 56 | 7.49 | 7.43 | 7.46 | $90,000 or more | 7,975 |
| 57 | 7.52 | 7.46 | 7.49 | $90,000 or more | 8,058 |
| 58 | 7.55 | 7.48 | 7.51 | $90,000 or more | 8,057 |
| 59 | 7.58 | 7.52 | 7.55 | $90,000 or more | 7,770 |
| 60 | 7.62 | 7.55 | 7.58 | $90,000 or more | 8,768 |
| 61 | 7.68 | 7.61 | 7.65 | $90,000 or more | 6,864 |
| 62 | 7.71 | 7.65 | 7.68 | $90,000 or more | 7,960 |
| 63 | 7.72 | 7.65 | 7.68 | $90,000 or more | 6,937 |
| 64 | 7.76 | 7.69 | 7.73 | $90,000 or more | 6,546 |
| 65 | 7.83 | 7.75 | 7.79 | $90,000 or more | 6,757 |
| 66 | 7.85 | 7.77 | 7.81 | $90,000 or more | 5,407 |
| 67 | 7.88 | 7.79 | 7.83 | $90,000 or more | 5,156 |
| 68 | 7.95 | 7.86 | 7.90 | $90,000 or more | 4,582 |
| 69 | 7.93 | 7.83 | 7.88 | $90,000 or more | 3,858 |
| 70 | 7.95 | 7.85 | 7.90 | $90,000 or more | 4,316 |
| 71 | 7.98 | 7.86 | 7.92 | $90,000 or more | 3,016 |
| 72 | 7.95 | 7.83 | 7.89 | $90,000 or more | 3,036 |
| 73 | 7.91 | 7.78 | 7.84 | $90,000 or more | 2,624 |
| 74 | 8.02 | 7.88 | 7.95 | $90,000 or more | 2,227 |
| 75 | 7.94 | 7.79 | 7.87 | $90,000 or more | 2,316 |
| 76 | 7.94 | 7.78 | 7.86 | $90,000 or more | 1,798 |
| 77 | 7.98 | 7.81 | 7.90 | $90,000 or more | 1,747 |
| 78 | 7.87 | 7.69 | 7.78 | $90,000 or more | 1,550 |
| 79 | 7.87 | 7.67 | 7.77 | $90,000 or more | 1,297 |
| 80 | 7.93 | 7.75 | 7.84 | $90,000 or more | 1,568 |
| 81 | 8 | 7.80 | 7.90 | $90,000 or more | 1,108 |
| 82 | 7.93 | 7.73 | 7.83 | $90,000 or more | 1,101 |
| 83 | 7.79 | 7.54 | 7.67 | $90,000 or more | 892 |
| 84 | 7.88 | 7.64 | 7.76 | $90,000 or more | 756 |
| 85 | 7.95 | 7.68 | 7.82 | $90,000 or more | 712 |
| 86 | 7.91 | 7.58 | 7.75 | $90,000 or more | 518 |
| 87 | 7.82 | 7.46 | 7.64 | $90,000 or more | 449 |
| 88 | 7.98 | 7.59 | 7.79 | $90,000 or more | 402 |
| 89 | 7.89 | 7.37 | 7.63 | $90,000 or more | 275 |
| 90 | 8.02 | 7.48 | 7.75 | $90,000 or more | 253 |
| 91 | 7.75 | 7.14 | 7.45 | $90,000 or more | 166 |
| 92 | 8.13 | 7.43 | 7.78 | $90,000 or more | 129 |
| 93 | 8.16 | 7.23 | 7.70 | $90,000 or more | 69 |
| 94 | 8.27 | 7.22 | 7.75 | $90,000 or more | 51 |

#### Table 4.2. Enjoyment

Enjoyment is lowest in midlife in every income group, at 72.7% in households under $36,000 against 87.6% in households of $90,000 or more

Share of adults who reported enjoyment during a lot of the day yesterday by year of age and household income group, Gallup 2009 to 2014

| age | conf_high | conf_low | estimate | group | n |
| ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- | ---: |
| 18 | 89.94 | 88.31 | 89.12 | Under $36,000 | 5,802 |
| 19 | 88.85 | 87.22 | 88.04 | Under $36,000 | 5,976 |
| 20 | 87.51 | 85.90 | 86.70 | Under $36,000 | 6,724 |
| 21 | 87.02 | 85.36 | 86.19 | Under $36,000 | 7,362 |
| 22 | 86.66 | 84.97 | 85.82 | Under $36,000 | 7,001 |
| 23 | 86.04 | 84.36 | 85.20 | Under $36,000 | 6,919 |
| 24 | 86.08 | 84.33 | 85.21 | Under $36,000 | 6,693 |
| 25 | 84.95 | 83.27 | 84.11 | Under $36,000 | 7,056 |
| 26 | 84.31 | 82.09 | 83.20 | Under $36,000 | 6,054 |
| 27 | 82.79 | 80.81 | 81.80 | Under $36,000 | 5,918 |
| 28 | 83.11 | 81.25 | 82.18 | Under $36,000 | 6,218 |
| 29 | 80.60 | 78.51 | 79.56 | Under $36,000 | 5,523 |
| 30 | 81.67 | 79.72 | 80.70 | Under $36,000 | 6,672 |
| 31 | 80.74 | 78.41 | 79.58 | Under $36,000 | 4,725 |
| 32 | 81.18 | 79.13 | 80.15 | Under $36,000 | 5,694 |
| 33 | 80.86 | 78.63 | 79.74 | Under $36,000 | 4,749 |
| 34 | 79.80 | 77.39 | 78.59 | Under $36,000 | 4,681 |
| 35 | 79.75 | 77.39 | 78.57 | Under $36,000 | 5,521 |
| 36 | 78.99 | 76.47 | 77.73 | Under $36,000 | 4,549 |
| 37 | 77.78 | 75.40 | 76.59 | Under $36,000 | 4,639 |
| 38 | 77.88 | 75.51 | 76.69 | Under $36,000 | 4,938 |
| 39 | 76.76 | 74.32 | 75.54 | Under $36,000 | 4,608 |
| 40 | 77.38 | 75.26 | 76.32 | Under $36,000 | 6,609 |
| 41 | 77.34 | 74.88 | 76.11 | Under $36,000 | 4,446 |
| 42 | 76.02 | 73.78 | 74.90 | Under $36,000 | 5,725 |
| 43 | 76.57 | 74.27 | 75.42 | Under $36,000 | 5,366 |
| 44 | 75.62 | 73.25 | 74.44 | Under $36,000 | 5,187 |
| 45 | 75.99 | 73.82 | 74.90 | Under $36,000 | 6,519 |
| 46 | 74.30 | 72.18 | 73.24 | Under $36,000 | 6,043 |
| 47 | 74.53 | 72.39 | 73.46 | Under $36,000 | 6,696 |
| 48 | 74.20 | 72.18 | 73.19 | Under $36,000 | 6,948 |
| 49 | 73.55 | 71.50 | 72.52 | Under $36,000 | 7,031 |
| 50 | 73.36 | 71.54 | 72.45 | Under $36,000 | 9,984 |
| 51 | 73.68 | 71.76 | 72.72 | Under $36,000 | 7,415 |
| 52 | 73.59 | 71.75 | 72.67 | Under $36,000 | 8,965 |
| 53 | 72.65 | 70.65 | 71.65 | Under $36,000 | 8,695 |
| 54 | 71.97 | 70.03 | 71 | Under $36,000 | 8,678 |
| 55 | 73.80 | 72.07 | 72.93 | Under $36,000 | 9,675 |
| 56 | 73.71 | 71.84 | 72.78 | Under $36,000 | 8,853 |
| 57 | 74.53 | 72.68 | 73.61 | Under $36,000 | 9,256 |
| 58 | 73.47 | 71.56 | 72.52 | Under $36,000 | 9,264 |
| 59 | 75.54 | 73.72 | 74.63 | Under $36,000 | 9,042 |
| 60 | 76.55 | 74.82 | 75.69 | Under $36,000 | 10,805 |
| 61 | 77.53 | 75.72 | 76.63 | Under $36,000 | 8,621 |
| 62 | 77.79 | 76.17 | 76.98 | Under $36,000 | 10,561 |
| 63 | 79.08 | 77.32 | 78.20 | Under $36,000 | 9,322 |
| 64 | 80.21 | 78.50 | 79.35 | Under $36,000 | 9,232 |
| 65 | 81.03 | 79.45 | 80.24 | Under $36,000 | 10,637 |
| 66 | 82.72 | 81.08 | 81.90 | Under $36,000 | 8,852 |
| 67 | 82.14 | 80.56 | 81.35 | Under $36,000 | 9,125 |
| 68 | 83.78 | 82.09 | 82.94 | Under $36,000 | 8,767 |
| 69 | 84.82 | 83.14 | 83.98 | Under $36,000 | 8,307 |
| 70 | 85.37 | 83.86 | 84.62 | Under $36,000 | 9,958 |
| 71 | 85.75 | 84.07 | 84.91 | Under $36,000 | 7,925 |
| 72 | 85.74 | 84.15 | 84.95 | Under $36,000 | 8,616 |
| 73 | 85.83 | 84.25 | 85.04 | Under $36,000 | 8,046 |
| 74 | 86.11 | 84.52 | 85.32 | Under $36,000 | 7,661 |
| 75 | 86.39 | 84.86 | 85.62 | Under $36,000 | 8,396 |
| 76 | 86.39 | 84.76 | 85.57 | Under $36,000 | 7,188 |
| 77 | 86.65 | 85.04 | 85.85 | Under $36,000 | 7,072 |
| 78 | 86.45 | 84.74 | 85.59 | Under $36,000 | 6,907 |
| 79 | 86.43 | 84.75 | 85.59 | Under $36,000 | 6,342 |
| 80 | 87.02 | 85.41 | 86.22 | Under $36,000 | 7,734 |
| 81 | 87.56 | 85.84 | 86.70 | Under $36,000 | 5,799 |
| 82 | 87.68 | 86.01 | 86.85 | Under $36,000 | 5,991 |
| 83 | 86.51 | 84.58 | 85.55 | Under $36,000 | 5,341 |
| 84 | 87.03 | 84.97 | 86 | Under $36,000 | 4,772 |
| 85 | 86.53 | 84.54 | 85.54 | Under $36,000 | 4,501 |
| 86 | 86.89 | 84.56 | 85.72 | Under $36,000 | 3,523 |
| 87 | 87.91 | 85.20 | 86.56 | Under $36,000 | 2,938 |
| 88 | 85.92 | 83.10 | 84.51 | Under $36,000 | 2,602 |
| 89 | 86.23 | 83.07 | 84.65 | Under $36,000 | 1,948 |
| 90 | 87.14 | 83.93 | 85.54 | Under $36,000 | 1,687 |
| 91 | 89.57 | 85.39 | 87.48 | Under $36,000 | 1,030 |
| 92 | 90.19 | 85.94 | 88.07 | Under $36,000 | 796 |
| 93 | 87.72 | 81.60 | 84.66 | Under $36,000 | 541 |
| 94 | 89.18 | 81.73 | 85.45 | Under $36,000 | 330 |
| 18 | 92.70 | 90.90 | 91.80 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 4,365 |
| 19 | 92.59 | 90.88 | 91.73 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 3,581 |
| 20 | 91.74 | 89.77 | 90.76 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 3,494 |
| 21 | 91.20 | 89.36 | 90.28 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 3,785 |
| 22 | 91.30 | 89.47 | 90.39 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 3,921 |
| 23 | 90.30 | 88.44 | 89.37 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 4,619 |
| 24 | 89.57 | 87.83 | 88.70 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 5,044 |
| 25 | 90.40 | 88.84 | 89.62 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 5,859 |
| 26 | 89.57 | 87.91 | 88.74 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 5,798 |
| 27 | 89.28 | 87.71 | 88.50 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 6,293 |
| 28 | 89.52 | 87.97 | 88.74 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 6,930 |
| 29 | 89.09 | 87.53 | 88.31 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 7,015 |
| 30 | 89.08 | 87.68 | 88.38 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 8,193 |
| 31 | 89.66 | 88.14 | 88.90 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 7,009 |
| 32 | 88.24 | 86.52 | 87.38 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 7,806 |
| 33 | 88.10 | 86.58 | 87.34 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 7,251 |
| 34 | 88.10 | 86.61 | 87.35 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 7,322 |
| 35 | 87.19 | 85.63 | 86.41 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 8,049 |
| 36 | 87.43 | 85.82 | 86.63 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 7,314 |
| 37 | 87.01 | 85.32 | 86.16 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 7,364 |
| 38 | 86.28 | 84.70 | 85.49 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 7,836 |
| 39 | 86.89 | 85.31 | 86.10 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 7,597 |
| 40 | 85.66 | 84.26 | 84.96 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 9,581 |
| 41 | 85.67 | 84.08 | 84.87 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 7,715 |
| 42 | 85.25 | 83.76 | 84.51 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 9,230 |
| 43 | 86.06 | 84.51 | 85.29 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 8,510 |
| 44 | 85.04 | 83.49 | 84.26 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 8,217 |
| 45 | 85.59 | 84.12 | 84.86 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 9,667 |
| 46 | 85.28 | 83.83 | 84.55 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 8,875 |
| 47 | 84.93 | 83.48 | 84.20 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 9,838 |
| 48 | 84.32 | 82.88 | 83.60 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 9,884 |
| 49 | 85.22 | 83.66 | 84.44 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 10,168 |
| 50 | 84.68 | 83.24 | 83.96 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 13,286 |
| 51 | 85.02 | 83.67 | 84.34 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 10,333 |
| 52 | 85.26 | 83.97 | 84.62 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 12,402 |
| 53 | 84.49 | 83.15 | 83.82 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 11,519 |
| 54 | 85.37 | 83.98 | 84.68 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 11,825 |
| 55 | 85.55 | 84.37 | 84.96 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 13,123 |
| 56 | 85.42 | 84.13 | 84.77 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 12,394 |
| 57 | 86.55 | 85.29 | 85.92 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 12,486 |
| 58 | 86.17 | 84.96 | 85.57 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 12,867 |
| 59 | 86.91 | 85.72 | 86.31 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 12,815 |
| 60 | 87.15 | 86.06 | 86.60 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 15,018 |
| 61 | 88.06 | 86.91 | 87.49 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 12,242 |
| 62 | 88.99 | 87.92 | 88.45 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 15,287 |
| 63 | 88.95 | 87.89 | 88.42 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 13,609 |
| 64 | 90.59 | 89.58 | 90.08 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 13,874 |
| 65 | 91.04 | 90.13 | 90.59 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 15,032 |
| 66 | 91.37 | 90.33 | 90.85 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 12,305 |
| 67 | 91.87 | 90.88 | 91.37 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 12,218 |
| 68 | 92.13 | 91.09 | 91.61 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 11,112 |
| 69 | 93 | 91.94 | 92.47 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 10,146 |
| 70 | 92.82 | 91.84 | 92.33 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 11,664 |
| 71 | 92.71 | 91.55 | 92.13 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 8,654 |
| 72 | 92.75 | 91.60 | 92.17 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 8,905 |
| 73 | 92.79 | 91.54 | 92.16 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 7,615 |
| 74 | 93.32 | 92.03 | 92.68 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 6,936 |
| 75 | 92.66 | 91.46 | 92.06 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 7,504 |
| 76 | 92.66 | 91.19 | 91.92 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 5,869 |
| 77 | 92.65 | 91.29 | 91.97 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 5,705 |
| 78 | 92.50 | 91.01 | 91.76 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 5,313 |
| 79 | 92.78 | 91.23 | 92.01 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 4,666 |
| 80 | 92.57 | 91.09 | 91.83 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 5,263 |
| 81 | 91.80 | 89.88 | 90.84 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 3,820 |
| 82 | 91.15 | 89.17 | 90.16 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 3,678 |
| 83 | 90.80 | 88.73 | 89.76 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 3,263 |
| 84 | 90.84 | 88.66 | 89.75 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 2,722 |
| 85 | 91.37 | 88.98 | 90.17 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 2,635 |
| 86 | 90.77 | 88.08 | 89.43 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 1,882 |
| 87 | 90.70 | 87.75 | 89.22 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 1,596 |
| 88 | 90.86 | 87.61 | 89.24 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 1,338 |
| 89 | 92.62 | 88.62 | 90.62 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 906 |
| 90 | 91.85 | 87.85 | 89.85 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 798 |
| 91 | 91.12 | 85.50 | 88.31 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 522 |
| 92 | 91.73 | 85.72 | 88.73 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 408 |
| 93 | 88.20 | 78.75 | 83.47 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 236 |
| 94 | 88.68 | 78.48 | 83.58 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 201 |
| 18 | 94.90 | 93.21 | 94.05 | $90,000 or more | 2,775 |
| 19 | 93.84 | 91.55 | 92.69 | $90,000 or more | 2,066 |
| 20 | 93.04 | 90.62 | 91.83 | $90,000 or more | 1,848 |
| 21 | 92.67 | 90.04 | 91.36 | $90,000 or more | 1,851 |
| 22 | 92.60 | 89.90 | 91.25 | $90,000 or more | 1,669 |
| 23 | 91.32 | 88.45 | 89.89 | $90,000 or more | 1,671 |
| 24 | 91.28 | 88.50 | 89.89 | $90,000 or more | 1,573 |
| 25 | 91.74 | 89.05 | 90.40 | $90,000 or more | 1,760 |
| 26 | 91.88 | 89.08 | 90.48 | $90,000 or more | 1,712 |
| 27 | 92.66 | 89.91 | 91.29 | $90,000 or more | 2,077 |
| 28 | 91.16 | 88.63 | 89.89 | $90,000 or more | 2,394 |
| 29 | 91.02 | 88.78 | 89.90 | $90,000 or more | 2,703 |
| 30 | 90.78 | 88.76 | 89.77 | $90,000 or more | 3,303 |
| 31 | 89.87 | 87.76 | 88.82 | $90,000 or more | 3,317 |
| 32 | 89.95 | 88.05 | 89 | $90,000 or more | 3,828 |
| 33 | 90.34 | 88.40 | 89.37 | $90,000 or more | 3,895 |
| 34 | 90.27 | 88.42 | 89.35 | $90,000 or more | 4,140 |
| 35 | 89.56 | 87.81 | 88.68 | $90,000 or more | 4,913 |
| 36 | 90 | 88.27 | 89.14 | $90,000 or more | 4,630 |
| 37 | 90.25 | 88.41 | 89.33 | $90,000 or more | 4,930 |
| 38 | 89.40 | 87.70 | 88.55 | $90,000 or more | 5,310 |
| 39 | 89.22 | 87.51 | 88.37 | $90,000 or more | 5,570 |
| 40 | 89.56 | 88.09 | 88.83 | $90,000 or more | 6,722 |
| 41 | 89.04 | 87.42 | 88.23 | $90,000 or more | 5,701 |
| 42 | 88.25 | 86.64 | 87.44 | $90,000 or more | 7,017 |
| 43 | 88.37 | 86.68 | 87.52 | $90,000 or more | 6,484 |
| 44 | 88.18 | 86.52 | 87.35 | $90,000 or more | 6,362 |
| 45 | 88.77 | 87.22 | 88 | $90,000 or more | 7,297 |
| 46 | 88.65 | 87.12 | 87.89 | $90,000 or more | 7,017 |
| 47 | 88.42 | 86.96 | 87.69 | $90,000 or more | 7,296 |
| 48 | 87.35 | 85.88 | 86.62 | $90,000 or more | 7,674 |
| 49 | 88.52 | 86.90 | 87.71 | $90,000 or more | 7,666 |
| 50 | 88.53 | 87.19 | 87.86 | $90,000 or more | 9,556 |
| 51 | 88.28 | 86.71 | 87.49 | $90,000 or more | 7,500 |
| 52 | 88.43 | 87.02 | 87.72 | $90,000 or more | 8,918 |
| 53 | 88.08 | 86.64 | 87.36 | $90,000 or more | 8,498 |
| 54 | 88.62 | 86.99 | 87.81 | $90,000 or more | 8,285 |
| 55 | 88.83 | 87.55 | 88.19 | $90,000 or more | 9,154 |
| 56 | 88.05 | 86.48 | 87.26 | $90,000 or more | 8,204 |
| 57 | 89.43 | 88.10 | 88.76 | $90,000 or more | 8,304 |
| 58 | 88.95 | 87.58 | 88.26 | $90,000 or more | 8,317 |
| 59 | 89.69 | 88.31 | 89 | $90,000 or more | 7,990 |
| 60 | 90.43 | 89.19 | 89.81 | $90,000 or more | 9,008 |
| 61 | 90.68 | 89.26 | 89.97 | $90,000 or more | 7,079 |
| 62 | 91.35 | 89.96 | 90.65 | $90,000 or more | 8,185 |
| 63 | 91.67 | 90.23 | 90.95 | $90,000 or more | 7,086 |
| 64 | 92.47 | 91.08 | 91.78 | $90,000 or more | 6,712 |
| 65 | 92.86 | 91.58 | 92.22 | $90,000 or more | 6,913 |
| 66 | 93.73 | 92.38 | 93.05 | $90,000 or more | 5,528 |
| 67 | 94.03 | 92.63 | 93.33 | $90,000 or more | 5,276 |
| 68 | 94.14 | 92.71 | 93.42 | $90,000 or more | 4,697 |
| 69 | 94.79 | 93.36 | 94.08 | $90,000 or more | 3,951 |
| 70 | 94.16 | 92.64 | 93.40 | $90,000 or more | 4,423 |
| 71 | 94.84 | 93.18 | 94.01 | $90,000 or more | 3,104 |
| 72 | 93.98 | 92.13 | 93.05 | $90,000 or more | 3,095 |
| 73 | 95.24 | 93.58 | 94.41 | $90,000 or more | 2,683 |
| 74 | 94.91 | 92.91 | 93.91 | $90,000 or more | 2,299 |
| 75 | 94.50 | 92.57 | 93.53 | $90,000 or more | 2,366 |
| 76 | 94.83 | 92.69 | 93.76 | $90,000 or more | 1,842 |
| 77 | 94.38 | 91.96 | 93.17 | $90,000 or more | 1,800 |
| 78 | 92.80 | 90 | 91.40 | $90,000 or more | 1,593 |
| 79 | 92.96 | 89.91 | 91.44 | $90,000 or more | 1,331 |
| 80 | 92.64 | 89.81 | 91.23 | $90,000 or more | 1,607 |
| 81 | 93.07 | 89.81 | 91.44 | $90,000 or more | 1,133 |
| 82 | 92.85 | 89.65 | 91.25 | $90,000 or more | 1,132 |
| 83 | 91.81 | 87.70 | 89.76 | $90,000 or more | 908 |
| 84 | 92.67 | 88.57 | 90.62 | $90,000 or more | 789 |
| 85 | 93.44 | 89.17 | 91.30 | $90,000 or more | 736 |
| 86 | 91.85 | 86.43 | 89.14 | $90,000 or more | 534 |
| 87 | 91.88 | 86.38 | 89.13 | $90,000 or more | 460 |
| 88 | 90.11 | 83.48 | 86.80 | $90,000 or more | 409 |
| 89 | 92.93 | 86.17 | 89.55 | $90,000 or more | 287 |
| 90 | 92.42 | 85.28 | 88.85 | $90,000 or more | 260 |
| 91 | 93.68 | 83.20 | 88.44 | $90,000 or more | 173 |
| 92 | 94.09 | 83.52 | 88.81 | $90,000 or more | 134 |
| 93 | 97.06 | 83.23 | 90.14 | $90,000 or more | 71 |
| 94 | 97.07 | 80.29 | 88.68 | $90,000 or more | 53 |

#### Table 4.3. Stress

Stress is highest in the lowest income group in every age band and falls after midlife in all three groups, from 52.6% at ages 45 to 54 to 20.2% at ages 75 to 94 in households under $36,000

Share of adults who reported stress during a lot of the day yesterday by year of age and household income group, Gallup 2009 to 2014

| age | conf_high | conf_low | estimate | group | n |
| ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- | ---: |
| 18 | 45.12 | 42.36 | 43.74 | Under $36,000 | 5,805 |
| 19 | 48.65 | 45.54 | 47.10 | Under $36,000 | 5,973 |
| 20 | 51.15 | 48.68 | 49.91 | Under $36,000 | 6,728 |
| 21 | 51.07 | 48.66 | 49.86 | Under $36,000 | 7,364 |
| 22 | 52.26 | 49.64 | 50.95 | Under $36,000 | 7,001 |
| 23 | 51.48 | 49.03 | 50.25 | Under $36,000 | 6,919 |
| 24 | 52.67 | 50.25 | 51.46 | Under $36,000 | 6,706 |
| 25 | 51.36 | 48.68 | 50.02 | Under $36,000 | 7,063 |
| 26 | 53.49 | 50.69 | 52.09 | Under $36,000 | 6,053 |
| 27 | 54.73 | 51.95 | 53.34 | Under $36,000 | 5,924 |
| 28 | 52.91 | 50.39 | 51.65 | Under $36,000 | 6,223 |
| 29 | 52.38 | 49.57 | 50.98 | Under $36,000 | 5,528 |
| 30 | 50.17 | 47.45 | 48.81 | Under $36,000 | 6,681 |
| 31 | 55.29 | 52.30 | 53.79 | Under $36,000 | 4,731 |
| 32 | 53.23 | 50.35 | 51.79 | Under $36,000 | 5,700 |
| 33 | 53.24 | 50 | 51.62 | Under $36,000 | 4,752 |
| 34 | 52.36 | 49.20 | 50.78 | Under $36,000 | 4,691 |
| 35 | 52.14 | 49.08 | 50.61 | Under $36,000 | 5,529 |
| 36 | 54.12 | 50.69 | 52.40 | Under $36,000 | 4,555 |
| 37 | 54.65 | 51.47 | 53.06 | Under $36,000 | 4,642 |
| 38 | 53.78 | 50.64 | 52.21 | Under $36,000 | 4,938 |
| 39 | 54.50 | 51.51 | 53 | Under $36,000 | 4,611 |
| 40 | 52.99 | 49.73 | 51.36 | Under $36,000 | 6,618 |
| 41 | 55.71 | 52.75 | 54.23 | Under $36,000 | 4,455 |
| 42 | 54.61 | 51.90 | 53.25 | Under $36,000 | 5,733 |
| 43 | 54.33 | 51.56 | 52.94 | Under $36,000 | 5,372 |
| 44 | 54.47 | 51.49 | 52.98 | Under $36,000 | 5,189 |
| 45 | 53.27 | 50.33 | 51.80 | Under $36,000 | 6,527 |
| 46 | 55.18 | 52.57 | 53.88 | Under $36,000 | 6,045 |
| 47 | 54.12 | 51.59 | 52.86 | Under $36,000 | 6,707 |
| 48 | 54.03 | 51.57 | 52.80 | Under $36,000 | 6,953 |
| 49 | 54.42 | 52.06 | 53.24 | Under $36,000 | 7,042 |
| 50 | 53.07 | 50.81 | 51.94 | Under $36,000 | 10,011 |
| 51 | 53.93 | 51.52 | 52.73 | Under $36,000 | 7,427 |
| 52 | 52.93 | 50.67 | 51.80 | Under $36,000 | 8,981 |
| 53 | 55.09 | 52.74 | 53.91 | Under $36,000 | 8,714 |
| 54 | 52.99 | 50.89 | 51.94 | Under $36,000 | 8,689 |
| 55 | 51.01 | 48.87 | 49.94 | Under $36,000 | 9,693 |
| 56 | 52.04 | 49.90 | 50.97 | Under $36,000 | 8,864 |
| 57 | 50.45 | 48.40 | 49.42 | Under $36,000 | 9,277 |
| 58 | 49.84 | 47.68 | 48.76 | Under $36,000 | 9,288 |
| 59 | 48.38 | 46.25 | 47.31 | Under $36,000 | 9,063 |
| 60 | 45.55 | 43.62 | 44.58 | Under $36,000 | 10,818 |
| 61 | 44.79 | 42.67 | 43.73 | Under $36,000 | 8,640 |
| 62 | 41.42 | 39.51 | 40.46 | Under $36,000 | 10,575 |
| 63 | 40.55 | 38.58 | 39.57 | Under $36,000 | 9,326 |
| 64 | 39.20 | 37.33 | 38.26 | Under $36,000 | 9,254 |
| 65 | 34.45 | 32.50 | 33.48 | Under $36,000 | 10,658 |
| 66 | 33.92 | 31.90 | 32.91 | Under $36,000 | 8,864 |
| 67 | 32.36 | 30.44 | 31.40 | Under $36,000 | 9,134 |
| 68 | 31.19 | 29.30 | 30.24 | Under $36,000 | 8,785 |
| 69 | 29.65 | 27.76 | 28.70 | Under $36,000 | 8,313 |
| 70 | 28.37 | 26.62 | 27.50 | Under $36,000 | 9,983 |
| 71 | 27.34 | 25.33 | 26.33 | Under $36,000 | 7,929 |
| 72 | 26.76 | 24.90 | 25.83 | Under $36,000 | 8,641 |
| 73 | 25.98 | 24.09 | 25.04 | Under $36,000 | 8,056 |
| 74 | 25.45 | 23.48 | 24.47 | Under $36,000 | 7,672 |
| 75 | 24.57 | 22.78 | 23.67 | Under $36,000 | 8,431 |
| 76 | 24.04 | 22.05 | 23.04 | Under $36,000 | 7,200 |
| 77 | 24.40 | 22.34 | 23.37 | Under $36,000 | 7,086 |
| 78 | 22.54 | 20.66 | 21.60 | Under $36,000 | 6,934 |
| 79 | 22.78 | 20.77 | 21.77 | Under $36,000 | 6,361 |
| 80 | 20.92 | 19.25 | 20.08 | Under $36,000 | 7,738 |
| 81 | 21.15 | 19.12 | 20.14 | Under $36,000 | 5,810 |
| 82 | 19.62 | 17.67 | 18.64 | Under $36,000 | 6,007 |
| 83 | 21.44 | 19.26 | 20.35 | Under $36,000 | 5,351 |
| 84 | 19.70 | 17.51 | 18.60 | Under $36,000 | 4,790 |
| 85 | 19.11 | 16.83 | 17.97 | Under $36,000 | 4,519 |
| 86 | 19.12 | 16.61 | 17.87 | Under $36,000 | 3,537 |
| 87 | 18.55 | 15.88 | 17.21 | Under $36,000 | 2,963 |
| 88 | 16.64 | 13.84 | 15.24 | Under $36,000 | 2,612 |
| 89 | 17.29 | 14.05 | 15.67 | Under $36,000 | 1,946 |
| 90 | 17.02 | 13.55 | 15.29 | Under $36,000 | 1,694 |
| 91 | 17.85 | 13.42 | 15.64 | Under $36,000 | 1,036 |
| 92 | 15.91 | 11.20 | 13.56 | Under $36,000 | 804 |
| 93 | 18.20 | 12.34 | 15.27 | Under $36,000 | 550 |
| 94 | 14.39 | 7.43 | 10.91 | Under $36,000 | 330 |
| 18 | 43.79 | 40.81 | 42.30 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 4,364 |
| 19 | 45.71 | 42.71 | 44.21 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 3,583 |
| 20 | 47.20 | 43.96 | 45.58 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 3,493 |
| 21 | 48.18 | 45.16 | 46.67 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 3,784 |
| 22 | 47.84 | 44.79 | 46.32 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 3,923 |
| 23 | 48.15 | 45.36 | 46.75 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 4,620 |
| 24 | 48.57 | 45.74 | 47.15 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 5,043 |
| 25 | 49.26 | 46.78 | 48.02 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 5,862 |
| 26 | 48.67 | 46.04 | 47.35 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 5,797 |
| 27 | 48.79 | 46.25 | 47.52 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 6,292 |
| 28 | 48.09 | 45.80 | 46.95 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 6,927 |
| 29 | 49.16 | 46.78 | 47.97 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 7,015 |
| 30 | 47.84 | 45.62 | 46.73 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 8,200 |
| 31 | 49.72 | 47.33 | 48.52 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 7,013 |
| 32 | 50.37 | 48.15 | 49.26 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 7,804 |
| 33 | 49.66 | 47.37 | 48.52 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 7,247 |
| 34 | 48.86 | 46.51 | 47.69 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 7,327 |
| 35 | 48.16 | 45.99 | 47.07 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 8,051 |
| 36 | 47.41 | 45.17 | 46.29 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 7,315 |
| 37 | 49.32 | 47.14 | 48.23 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 7,369 |
| 38 | 49.04 | 46.78 | 47.91 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 7,841 |
| 39 | 48.69 | 46.36 | 47.53 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 7,598 |
| 40 | 48.19 | 46.17 | 47.18 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 9,581 |
| 41 | 48.09 | 45.91 | 47 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 7,717 |
| 42 | 47.54 | 45.51 | 46.53 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 9,233 |
| 43 | 47.62 | 45.40 | 46.51 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 8,505 |
| 44 | 47.54 | 45.38 | 46.46 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 8,224 |
| 45 | 44.81 | 42.87 | 43.84 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 9,674 |
| 46 | 45.94 | 43.86 | 44.90 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 8,882 |
| 47 | 46.02 | 44.02 | 45.02 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 9,844 |
| 48 | 45.56 | 43.62 | 44.59 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 9,890 |
| 49 | 44.96 | 42.94 | 43.95 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 10,166 |
| 50 | 42.80 | 41.09 | 41.94 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 13,299 |
| 51 | 44.13 | 42.17 | 43.15 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 10,334 |
| 52 | 43.70 | 41.98 | 42.84 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 12,410 |
| 53 | 43.11 | 41.19 | 42.15 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 11,526 |
| 54 | 42.50 | 40.69 | 41.60 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 11,828 |
| 55 | 40.85 | 39.19 | 40.02 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 13,125 |
| 56 | 40.67 | 38.89 | 39.78 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 12,398 |
| 57 | 39 | 37.19 | 38.09 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 12,498 |
| 58 | 38.78 | 37 | 37.89 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 12,866 |
| 59 | 37.44 | 35.78 | 36.61 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 12,816 |
| 60 | 35.27 | 33.74 | 34.51 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 15,018 |
| 61 | 33.56 | 31.75 | 32.66 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 12,246 |
| 62 | 31.63 | 30.15 | 30.89 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 15,295 |
| 63 | 30.09 | 28.54 | 29.32 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 13,621 |
| 64 | 27.25 | 25.73 | 26.49 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 13,874 |
| 65 | 25.62 | 24.20 | 24.91 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 15,045 |
| 66 | 23.88 | 22.26 | 23.07 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 12,317 |
| 67 | 23.34 | 21.79 | 22.57 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 12,221 |
| 68 | 21.24 | 19.67 | 20.46 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 11,116 |
| 69 | 21.03 | 19.44 | 20.23 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 10,156 |
| 70 | 20.28 | 18.83 | 19.56 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 11,673 |
| 71 | 18.82 | 17.10 | 17.96 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 8,654 |
| 72 | 19.06 | 17.47 | 18.27 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 8,913 |
| 73 | 18.29 | 16.59 | 17.44 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 7,615 |
| 74 | 18.30 | 16.54 | 17.42 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 6,939 |
| 75 | 18.40 | 16.67 | 17.53 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 7,506 |
| 76 | 18.43 | 16.44 | 17.43 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 5,879 |
| 77 | 18.42 | 16.44 | 17.43 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 5,714 |
| 78 | 17.04 | 15.12 | 16.08 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 5,317 |
| 79 | 17.60 | 15.50 | 16.55 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 4,672 |
| 80 | 17.10 | 15.06 | 16.08 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 5,273 |
| 81 | 17.40 | 15.02 | 16.21 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 3,831 |
| 82 | 18.03 | 15.53 | 16.78 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 3,684 |
| 83 | 16.55 | 13.99 | 15.27 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 3,261 |
| 84 | 17.14 | 14.53 | 15.84 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 2,728 |
| 85 | 17.96 | 15.18 | 16.57 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 2,638 |
| 86 | 16.64 | 13.42 | 15.03 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 1,883 |
| 87 | 16.31 | 13.03 | 14.67 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 1,602 |
| 88 | 17.03 | 13.17 | 15.10 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 1,344 |
| 89 | 14.91 | 10.50 | 12.71 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 905 |
| 90 | 17.42 | 11.94 | 14.68 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 797 |
| 91 | 15.24 | 9.52 | 12.38 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 525 |
| 92 | 15.21 | 9.12 | 12.17 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 411 |
| 93 | 15.79 | 7.19 | 11.49 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 235 |
| 94 | 14.13 | 5.68 | 9.90 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 202 |
| 18 | 44.68 | 40.75 | 42.72 | $90,000 or more | 2,774 |
| 19 | 47.48 | 43.21 | 45.34 | $90,000 or more | 2,062 |
| 20 | 48.50 | 44.03 | 46.27 | $90,000 or more | 1,848 |
| 21 | 47.79 | 43.03 | 45.41 | $90,000 or more | 1,852 |
| 22 | 49.17 | 44.11 | 46.64 | $90,000 or more | 1,668 |
| 23 | 48.76 | 44.01 | 46.38 | $90,000 or more | 1,673 |
| 24 | 50.84 | 46.18 | 48.51 | $90,000 or more | 1,573 |
| 25 | 50.06 | 45.28 | 47.67 | $90,000 or more | 1,760 |
| 26 | 51.09 | 45.93 | 48.51 | $90,000 or more | 1,713 |
| 27 | 51.51 | 47.05 | 49.28 | $90,000 or more | 2,078 |
| 28 | 49.13 | 45.35 | 47.24 | $90,000 or more | 2,392 |
| 29 | 50.25 | 46.68 | 48.46 | $90,000 or more | 2,703 |
| 30 | 47.74 | 44.49 | 46.11 | $90,000 or more | 3,307 |
| 31 | 50.96 | 47.65 | 49.31 | $90,000 or more | 3,320 |
| 32 | 49.63 | 46.38 | 48 | $90,000 or more | 3,831 |
| 33 | 50.03 | 46.89 | 48.46 | $90,000 or more | 3,896 |
| 34 | 48.69 | 45.69 | 47.19 | $90,000 or more | 4,141 |
| 35 | 48.41 | 45.67 | 47.04 | $90,000 or more | 4,913 |
| 36 | 48.57 | 45.62 | 47.09 | $90,000 or more | 4,629 |
| 37 | 49.10 | 46.40 | 47.75 | $90,000 or more | 4,930 |
| 38 | 49.50 | 46.64 | 48.07 | $90,000 or more | 5,307 |
| 39 | 48.35 | 45.74 | 47.05 | $90,000 or more | 5,569 |
| 40 | 47.18 | 44.58 | 45.88 | $90,000 or more | 6,724 |
| 41 | 48.54 | 45.81 | 47.18 | $90,000 or more | 5,700 |
| 42 | 47.50 | 45.10 | 46.30 | $90,000 or more | 7,019 |
| 43 | 48.48 | 46.12 | 47.30 | $90,000 or more | 6,488 |
| 44 | 46.08 | 43.66 | 44.87 | $90,000 or more | 6,361 |
| 45 | 44.60 | 42.37 | 43.49 | $90,000 or more | 7,299 |
| 46 | 45.72 | 43.34 | 44.53 | $90,000 or more | 7,018 |
| 47 | 44.92 | 42.56 | 43.74 | $90,000 or more | 7,298 |
| 48 | 44.42 | 42.29 | 43.36 | $90,000 or more | 7,676 |
| 49 | 44.67 | 42.52 | 43.59 | $90,000 or more | 7,671 |
| 50 | 43.44 | 41.38 | 42.41 | $90,000 or more | 9,555 |
| 51 | 44.27 | 41.93 | 43.10 | $90,000 or more | 7,506 |
| 52 | 42 | 39.90 | 40.95 | $90,000 or more | 8,918 |
| 53 | 41.81 | 39.59 | 40.70 | $90,000 or more | 8,491 |
| 54 | 40.47 | 38.43 | 39.45 | $90,000 or more | 8,289 |
| 55 | 40.58 | 38.57 | 39.57 | $90,000 or more | 9,155 |
| 56 | 39.55 | 37.46 | 38.51 | $90,000 or more | 8,209 |
| 57 | 39.78 | 37.51 | 38.64 | $90,000 or more | 8,304 |
| 58 | 38.87 | 36.78 | 37.82 | $90,000 or more | 8,323 |
| 59 | 36.45 | 34.27 | 35.36 | $90,000 or more | 7,995 |
| 60 | 34.92 | 32.96 | 33.94 | $90,000 or more | 9,016 |
| 61 | 33.04 | 30.73 | 31.88 | $90,000 or more | 7,076 |
| 62 | 31.11 | 28.98 | 30.04 | $90,000 or more | 8,188 |
| 63 | 30.61 | 28.40 | 29.51 | $90,000 or more | 7,090 |
| 64 | 28.13 | 25.94 | 27.03 | $90,000 or more | 6,714 |
| 65 | 25.65 | 23.57 | 24.61 | $90,000 or more | 6,920 |
| 66 | 24.01 | 21.79 | 22.90 | $90,000 or more | 5,529 |
| 67 | 22.03 | 19.83 | 20.93 | $90,000 or more | 5,274 |
| 68 | 22.24 | 19.80 | 21.02 | $90,000 or more | 4,700 |
| 69 | 20.58 | 17.99 | 19.28 | $90,000 or more | 3,952 |
| 70 | 20.03 | 17.68 | 18.85 | $90,000 or more | 4,429 |
| 71 | 19.54 | 16.83 | 18.18 | $90,000 or more | 3,102 |
| 72 | 19.07 | 16.49 | 17.78 | $90,000 or more | 3,099 |
| 73 | 18.99 | 16.16 | 17.57 | $90,000 or more | 2,686 |
| 74 | 19.07 | 15.94 | 17.51 | $90,000 or more | 2,302 |
| 75 | 19.18 | 16.11 | 17.64 | $90,000 or more | 2,369 |
| 76 | 18.34 | 15.09 | 16.71 | $90,000 or more | 1,843 |
| 77 | 19.96 | 16.33 | 18.15 | $90,000 or more | 1,802 |
| 78 | 19.43 | 15.76 | 17.60 | $90,000 or more | 1,597 |
| 79 | 18.95 | 14.70 | 16.83 | $90,000 or more | 1,337 |
| 80 | 18.93 | 15.29 | 17.11 | $90,000 or more | 1,613 |
| 81 | 18.88 | 14.37 | 16.62 | $90,000 or more | 1,131 |
| 82 | 17.11 | 13.21 | 15.16 | $90,000 or more | 1,141 |
| 83 | 19.31 | 14.43 | 16.87 | $90,000 or more | 913 |
| 84 | 17.38 | 12.53 | 14.96 | $90,000 or more | 789 |
| 85 | 16.51 | 11.41 | 13.96 | $90,000 or more | 738 |
| 86 | 16.47 | 10.40 | 13.43 | $90,000 or more | 536 |
| 87 | 21.38 | 14.63 | 18 | $90,000 or more | 461 |
| 88 | 19.06 | 12.08 | 15.57 | $90,000 or more | 411 |
| 89 | 16.62 | 8.98 | 12.80 | $90,000 or more | 289 |
| 90 | 19.99 | 11.31 | 15.65 | $90,000 or more | 262 |
| 91 | 14.52 | 6.29 | 10.40 | $90,000 or more | 173 |
| 92 | 21.53 | 8.09 | 14.81 | $90,000 or more | 135 |
| 93 | 27.23 | 9.39 | 18.31 | $90,000 or more | 71 |
| 94 | 17.02 | 1.49 | 9.26 | $90,000 or more | 54 |

#### Table 4.4. Physical pain

Physical pain was 41.2% at ages 45 to 54 in households under $36,000, against 15.7% in households of $90,000 or more

Share of adults who reported physical pain during a lot of the day yesterday by year of age and household income group, Gallup 2009 to 2014

| age | conf_high | conf_low | estimate | group | n |
| ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- | ---: |
| 18 | 17.91 | 15.95 | 16.93 | Under $36,000 | 5,807 |
| 19 | 17.74 | 15.88 | 16.81 | Under $36,000 | 5,973 |
| 20 | 18.67 | 16.61 | 17.64 | Under $36,000 | 6,729 |
| 21 | 17.60 | 15.85 | 16.73 | Under $36,000 | 7,360 |
| 22 | 18.54 | 16.64 | 17.59 | Under $36,000 | 6,998 |
| 23 | 18.65 | 16.75 | 17.70 | Under $36,000 | 6,921 |
| 24 | 19.76 | 17.84 | 18.80 | Under $36,000 | 6,703 |
| 25 | 20.67 | 18.80 | 19.74 | Under $36,000 | 7,067 |
| 26 | 22.10 | 20.03 | 21.07 | Under $36,000 | 6,057 |
| 27 | 23.33 | 21.09 | 22.21 | Under $36,000 | 5,920 |
| 28 | 23.29 | 21.23 | 22.26 | Under $36,000 | 6,222 |
| 29 | 25.07 | 22.96 | 24.02 | Under $36,000 | 5,525 |
| 30 | 25.03 | 22.95 | 23.99 | Under $36,000 | 6,678 |
| 31 | 27.36 | 24.83 | 26.09 | Under $36,000 | 4,729 |
| 32 | 27.74 | 25.28 | 26.51 | Under $36,000 | 5,696 |
| 33 | 27.43 | 24.75 | 26.09 | Under $36,000 | 4,757 |
| 34 | 29.10 | 26.46 | 27.78 | Under $36,000 | 4,690 |
| 35 | 29.66 | 27.12 | 28.39 | Under $36,000 | 5,533 |
| 36 | 30.98 | 28.07 | 29.52 | Under $36,000 | 4,559 |
| 37 | 32.81 | 30.18 | 31.50 | Under $36,000 | 4,645 |
| 38 | 32.73 | 29.92 | 31.32 | Under $36,000 | 4,945 |
| 39 | 33.02 | 30.10 | 31.56 | Under $36,000 | 4,613 |
| 40 | 32.95 | 30.17 | 31.56 | Under $36,000 | 6,619 |
| 41 | 34.87 | 32.13 | 33.50 | Under $36,000 | 4,454 |
| 42 | 35.14 | 32.54 | 33.84 | Under $36,000 | 5,739 |
| 43 | 36.54 | 33.93 | 35.24 | Under $36,000 | 5,375 |
| 44 | 38.22 | 35.36 | 36.79 | Under $36,000 | 5,197 |
| 45 | 37.54 | 35.07 | 36.30 | Under $36,000 | 6,523 |
| 46 | 39.68 | 37.09 | 38.38 | Under $36,000 | 6,052 |
| 47 | 40.48 | 37.88 | 39.18 | Under $36,000 | 6,702 |
| 48 | 41.54 | 39.11 | 40.32 | Under $36,000 | 6,954 |
| 49 | 42.11 | 39.48 | 40.79 | Under $36,000 | 7,038 |
| 50 | 41.56 | 39.42 | 40.49 | Under $36,000 | 10,005 |
| 51 | 44.02 | 41.42 | 42.72 | Under $36,000 | 7,432 |
| 52 | 43.62 | 41.17 | 42.39 | Under $36,000 | 8,978 |
| 53 | 45.41 | 43.02 | 44.21 | Under $36,000 | 8,712 |
| 54 | 45.59 | 43.44 | 44.52 | Under $36,000 | 8,691 |
| 55 | 44.46 | 42.42 | 43.44 | Under $36,000 | 9,689 |
| 56 | 46.17 | 43.93 | 45.05 | Under $36,000 | 8,865 |
| 57 | 45.34 | 43.14 | 44.24 | Under $36,000 | 9,272 |
| 58 | 46.29 | 44.22 | 45.26 | Under $36,000 | 9,285 |
| 59 | 45.31 | 43.08 | 44.20 | Under $36,000 | 9,055 |
| 60 | 44.69 | 42.67 | 43.68 | Under $36,000 | 10,823 |
| 61 | 43.89 | 41.68 | 42.79 | Under $36,000 | 8,636 |
| 62 | 43.03 | 41.01 | 42.02 | Under $36,000 | 10,576 |
| 63 | 42.94 | 40.85 | 41.89 | Under $36,000 | 9,331 |
| 64 | 41.57 | 39.62 | 40.59 | Under $36,000 | 9,250 |
| 65 | 38.84 | 36.99 | 37.91 | Under $36,000 | 10,653 |
| 66 | 37.90 | 35.85 | 36.88 | Under $36,000 | 8,862 |
| 67 | 38.15 | 36.10 | 37.13 | Under $36,000 | 9,139 |
| 68 | 36.90 | 34.79 | 35.84 | Under $36,000 | 8,774 |
| 69 | 35.74 | 33.67 | 34.71 | Under $36,000 | 8,307 |
| 70 | 34.02 | 32.09 | 33.06 | Under $36,000 | 9,968 |
| 71 | 34.57 | 32.50 | 33.54 | Under $36,000 | 7,932 |
| 72 | 33.49 | 31.48 | 32.48 | Under $36,000 | 8,644 |
| 73 | 33.95 | 31.93 | 32.94 | Under $36,000 | 8,045 |
| 74 | 33.06 | 30.92 | 31.99 | Under $36,000 | 7,671 |
| 75 | 32.96 | 30.85 | 31.91 | Under $36,000 | 8,412 |
| 76 | 33.11 | 30.96 | 32.04 | Under $36,000 | 7,198 |
| 77 | 32.68 | 30.45 | 31.56 | Under $36,000 | 7,084 |
| 78 | 31.62 | 29.43 | 30.53 | Under $36,000 | 6,922 |
| 79 | 32.48 | 30.16 | 31.32 | Under $36,000 | 6,347 |
| 80 | 30.38 | 28.30 | 29.34 | Under $36,000 | 7,739 |
| 81 | 31.60 | 29.19 | 30.40 | Under $36,000 | 5,810 |
| 82 | 31.77 | 29.45 | 30.61 | Under $36,000 | 6,005 |
| 83 | 32.32 | 29.88 | 31.10 | Under $36,000 | 5,341 |
| 84 | 32.11 | 29.42 | 30.76 | Under $36,000 | 4,785 |
| 85 | 31.10 | 28.40 | 29.75 | Under $36,000 | 4,511 |
| 86 | 31.21 | 28.04 | 29.63 | Under $36,000 | 3,534 |
| 87 | 32.20 | 28.94 | 30.57 | Under $36,000 | 2,957 |
| 88 | 29.28 | 25.88 | 27.58 | Under $36,000 | 2,607 |
| 89 | 31.21 | 27.08 | 29.14 | Under $36,000 | 1,956 |
| 90 | 28.86 | 24.78 | 26.82 | Under $36,000 | 1,689 |
| 91 | 31.95 | 26.14 | 29.04 | Under $36,000 | 1,033 |
| 92 | 32.68 | 26.27 | 29.48 | Under $36,000 | 804 |
| 93 | 33.81 | 25.93 | 29.87 | Under $36,000 | 549 |
| 94 | 30.24 | 20.52 | 25.38 | Under $36,000 | 331 |
| 18 | 15.12 | 13.01 | 14.07 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 4,365 |
| 19 | 15.22 | 13.04 | 14.13 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 3,581 |
| 20 | 16.26 | 13.95 | 15.11 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 3,495 |
| 21 | 15.29 | 12.97 | 14.13 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 3,786 |
| 22 | 15.28 | 13.12 | 14.20 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 3,922 |
| 23 | 13.89 | 11.99 | 12.94 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 4,620 |
| 24 | 14.15 | 12.14 | 13.14 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 5,044 |
| 25 | 13.35 | 11.73 | 12.54 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 5,863 |
| 26 | 13.14 | 11.39 | 12.26 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 5,797 |
| 27 | 14.23 | 12.53 | 13.38 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 6,294 |
| 28 | 13.47 | 12.03 | 12.75 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 6,927 |
| 29 | 13.95 | 12.22 | 13.08 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 7,016 |
| 30 | 14.37 | 12.80 | 13.59 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 8,200 |
| 31 | 15.60 | 13.95 | 14.77 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 7,013 |
| 32 | 15.37 | 13.76 | 14.56 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 7,807 |
| 33 | 15.89 | 14.22 | 15.06 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 7,253 |
| 34 | 15.59 | 13.94 | 14.77 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 7,328 |
| 35 | 15.40 | 13.86 | 14.63 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 8,051 |
| 36 | 17 | 15.17 | 16.09 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 7,316 |
| 37 | 18.10 | 16.38 | 17.24 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 7,372 |
| 38 | 16 | 14.44 | 15.22 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 7,846 |
| 39 | 17.70 | 15.92 | 16.81 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 7,602 |
| 40 | 17.53 | 16.06 | 16.80 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 9,585 |
| 41 | 17.89 | 16.26 | 17.07 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 7,719 |
| 42 | 18.82 | 17.14 | 17.98 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 9,238 |
| 43 | 19.61 | 17.92 | 18.76 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 8,511 |
| 44 | 19.71 | 17.94 | 18.82 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 8,229 |
| 45 | 19.51 | 17.88 | 18.69 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 9,677 |
| 46 | 21.56 | 19.88 | 20.72 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 8,881 |
| 47 | 22 | 20.28 | 21.14 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 9,844 |
| 48 | 22.99 | 21.27 | 22.13 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 9,891 |
| 49 | 23.45 | 21.77 | 22.61 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 10,168 |
| 50 | 23.09 | 21.64 | 22.36 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 13,299 |
| 51 | 24.38 | 22.57 | 23.47 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 10,336 |
| 52 | 23.41 | 21.92 | 22.67 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 12,415 |
| 53 | 24.67 | 23.15 | 23.91 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 11,525 |
| 54 | 25.20 | 23.59 | 24.39 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 11,824 |
| 55 | 24.61 | 23.13 | 23.87 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 13,130 |
| 56 | 25.59 | 24.12 | 24.85 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 12,400 |
| 57 | 26.06 | 24.48 | 25.27 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 12,493 |
| 58 | 25.83 | 24.20 | 25.02 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 12,871 |
| 59 | 25.39 | 23.83 | 24.61 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 12,819 |
| 60 | 25.20 | 23.85 | 24.53 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 15,021 |
| 61 | 27.04 | 25.45 | 26.25 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 12,246 |
| 62 | 25.61 | 24.16 | 24.88 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 15,295 |
| 63 | 26.18 | 24.63 | 25.41 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 13,610 |
| 64 | 24.12 | 22.70 | 23.41 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 13,870 |
| 65 | 23.52 | 22.13 | 22.83 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 15,044 |
| 66 | 24.08 | 22.60 | 23.34 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 12,317 |
| 67 | 24.42 | 22.97 | 23.70 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 12,220 |
| 68 | 23.68 | 21.98 | 22.83 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 11,109 |
| 69 | 23.44 | 21.87 | 22.65 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 10,149 |
| 70 | 22.62 | 21.09 | 21.86 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 11,667 |
| 71 | 23.28 | 21.45 | 22.36 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 8,652 |
| 72 | 22.80 | 21.17 | 21.99 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 8,919 |
| 73 | 23.05 | 21.22 | 22.14 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 7,621 |
| 74 | 22.12 | 20.17 | 21.14 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 6,934 |
| 75 | 22.92 | 20.94 | 21.93 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 7,501 |
| 76 | 23.94 | 21.83 | 22.88 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 5,873 |
| 77 | 24.46 | 22.09 | 23.28 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 5,705 |
| 78 | 23.18 | 20.95 | 22.07 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 5,316 |
| 79 | 24.39 | 22.07 | 23.23 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 4,667 |
| 80 | 23.13 | 20.94 | 22.04 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 5,268 |
| 81 | 24.62 | 22.06 | 23.34 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 3,826 |
| 82 | 25.80 | 22.99 | 24.40 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 3,681 |
| 83 | 24.40 | 21.40 | 22.90 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 3,262 |
| 84 | 24.12 | 20.77 | 22.45 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 2,722 |
| 85 | 24.94 | 21.61 | 23.28 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 2,638 |
| 86 | 24.74 | 21.06 | 22.90 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 1,878 |
| 87 | 28.47 | 24.18 | 26.33 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 1,603 |
| 88 | 25.41 | 21.32 | 23.36 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 1,344 |
| 89 | 25.88 | 20.54 | 23.21 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 909 |
| 90 | 23.56 | 17.65 | 20.60 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 796 |
| 91 | 26.74 | 19.94 | 23.34 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 527 |
| 92 | 30.40 | 22.28 | 26.34 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 410 |
| 93 | 26.71 | 16.51 | 21.61 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 236 |
| 94 | 28.32 | 16.23 | 22.28 | $36,000 to $89,999 | 202 |
| 18 | 15.50 | 13.06 | 14.28 | $90,000 or more | 2,773 |
| 19 | 14.82 | 12.01 | 13.41 | $90,000 or more | 2,065 |
| 20 | 14.25 | 10.96 | 12.60 | $90,000 or more | 1,849 |
| 21 | 13.02 | 10.11 | 11.56 | $90,000 or more | 1,851 |
| 22 | 15.35 | 12 | 13.68 | $90,000 or more | 1,667 |
| 23 | 14.13 | 10.98 | 12.55 | $90,000 or more | 1,673 |
| 24 | 14.32 | 10.86 | 12.59 | $90,000 or more | 1,573 |
| 25 | 14.73 | 11.52 | 13.12 | $90,000 or more | 1,760 |
| 26 | 12.78 | 9.87 | 11.33 | $90,000 or more | 1,713 |
| 27 | 11.86 | 9.14 | 10.50 | $90,000 or more | 2,077 |
| 28 | 12.44 | 9.62 | 11.03 | $90,000 or more | 2,393 |
| 29 | 11.81 | 9.43 | 10.62 | $90,000 or more | 2,702 |
| 30 | 11.59 | 9.59 | 10.59 | $90,000 or more | 3,305 |
| 31 | 11.45 | 9.33 | 10.39 | $90,000 or more | 3,320 |
| 32 | 11.21 | 9.14 | 10.17 | $90,000 or more | 3,833 |
| 33 | 12.45 | 10.49 | 11.47 | $90,000 or more | 3,896 |
| 34 | 11.62 | 9.69 | 10.65 | $90,000 or more | 4,139 |
| 35 | 12.21 | 10.54 | 11.38 | $90,000 or more | 4,914 |
| 36 | 12.63 | 10.77 | 11.70 | $90,000 or more | 4,633 |
| 37 | 11.49 | 9.88 | 10.69 | $90,000 or more | 4,932 |
| 38 | 12.72 | 10.98 | 11.85 | $90,000 or more | 5,308 |
| 39 | 12.14 | 10.58 | 11.36 | $90,000 or more | 5,571 |
| 40 | 11.95 | 10.29 | 11.12 | $90,000 or more | 6,728 |
| 41 | 13.42 | 11.67 | 12.54 | $90,000 or more | 5,700 |
| 42 | 13.18 | 11.60 | 12.39 | $90,000 or more | 7,022 |
| 43 | 14.05 | 12.39 | 13.22 | $90,000 or more | 6,490 |
| 44 | 14.74 | 13.07 | 13.90 | $90,000 or more | 6,365 |
| 45 | 14.48 | 12.88 | 13.68 | $90,000 or more | 7,302 |
| 46 | 14.57 | 12.85 | 13.71 | $90,000 or more | 7,016 |
| 47 | 15.64 | 14.04 | 14.84 | $90,000 or more | 7,297 |
| 48 | 16.11 | 14.53 | 15.32 | $90,000 or more | 7,676 |
| 49 | 16.34 | 14.66 | 15.50 | $90,000 or more | 7,665 |
| 50 | 16.93 | 15.30 | 16.12 | $90,000 or more | 9,555 |
| 51 | 18.26 | 16.45 | 17.36 | $90,000 or more | 7,507 |
| 52 | 17.51 | 15.88 | 16.69 | $90,000 or more | 8,919 |
| 53 | 17.11 | 15.62 | 16.36 | $90,000 or more | 8,500 |
| 54 | 17.52 | 15.92 | 16.72 | $90,000 or more | 8,288 |
| 55 | 18.80 | 17.06 | 17.93 | $90,000 or more | 9,154 |
| 56 | 19.29 | 17.56 | 18.42 | $90,000 or more | 8,212 |
| 57 | 19.03 | 17.26 | 18.15 | $90,000 or more | 8,305 |
| 58 | 19.65 | 18.02 | 18.83 | $90,000 or more | 8,320 |
| 59 | 20.06 | 18.36 | 19.21 | $90,000 or more | 7,997 |
| 60 | 19.57 | 17.98 | 18.78 | $90,000 or more | 9,022 |
| 61 | 19.82 | 18.06 | 18.94 | $90,000 or more | 7,081 |
| 62 | 19.92 | 18.11 | 19.02 | $90,000 or more | 8,193 |
| 63 | 19.83 | 17.95 | 18.89 | $90,000 or more | 7,090 |
| 64 | 20.25 | 18.32 | 19.29 | $90,000 or more | 6,720 |
| 65 | 18.39 | 16.57 | 17.48 | $90,000 or more | 6,917 |
| 66 | 20.33 | 18.22 | 19.28 | $90,000 or more | 5,525 |
| 67 | 18.73 | 16.64 | 17.69 | $90,000 or more | 5,275 |
| 68 | 18.53 | 16.35 | 17.44 | $90,000 or more | 4,702 |
| 69 | 20.83 | 18.30 | 19.56 | $90,000 or more | 3,951 |
| 70 | 18.96 | 16.62 | 17.79 | $90,000 or more | 4,429 |
| 71 | 20.28 | 17.55 | 18.92 | $90,000 or more | 3,103 |
| 72 | 20.08 | 17.31 | 18.70 | $90,000 or more | 3,097 |
| 73 | 21.54 | 18.51 | 20.02 | $90,000 or more | 2,687 |
| 74 | 21.43 | 18.26 | 19.84 | $90,000 or more | 2,298 |
| 75 | 20.03 | 16.68 | 18.35 | $90,000 or more | 2,370 |
| 76 | 21.25 | 17.64 | 19.45 | $90,000 or more | 1,841 |
| 77 | 23.29 | 19.35 | 21.32 | $90,000 or more | 1,801 |
| 78 | 23.61 | 19.50 | 21.55 | $90,000 or more | 1,596 |
| 79 | 21.56 | 16.97 | 19.27 | $90,000 or more | 1,339 |
| 80 | 21.83 | 17.89 | 19.86 | $90,000 or more | 1,611 |
| 81 | 23.94 | 19.35 | 21.64 | $90,000 or more | 1,132 |
| 82 | 22.56 | 17.93 | 20.25 | $90,000 or more | 1,136 |
| 83 | 27.41 | 21.60 | 24.51 | $90,000 or more | 910 |
| 84 | 24.55 | 19.05 | 21.80 | $90,000 or more | 789 |
| 85 | 24.94 | 18.69 | 21.82 | $90,000 or more | 738 |
| 86 | 23.72 | 16.51 | 20.11 | $90,000 or more | 532 |
| 87 | 29.98 | 21.76 | 25.87 | $90,000 or more | 460 |
| 88 | 31.77 | 23.70 | 27.74 | $90,000 or more | 411 |
| 89 | 25.96 | 16.40 | 21.18 | $90,000 or more | 288 |
| 90 | 27.09 | 17.36 | 22.22 | $90,000 or more | 261 |
| 91 | 27.75 | 16.43 | 22.09 | $90,000 or more | 172 |
| 92 | 34.34 | 18.99 | 26.67 | $90,000 or more | 135 |
| 93 | 31.19 | 11.06 | 21.13 | $90,000 or more | 71 |
| 94 | 33.43 | 11.01 | 22.22 | $90,000 or more | 54 |

Note: Each age is a different group of people interviewed in the same years, so a profile mixes age with birth cohort and does not follow anyone through life.

Note: Cells at the oldest ages hold fewer interviews, so their intervals are wider; the extract has no interviews above age 94.

Note: This figure uses interviews in 2009 to 2014. The share of income reporters at $90,000 or more was 23% in 2014 and 35% in 2017, more than inflation explains, so household income is not comparable across 2015 to 2017. 81% of interviews in 2009 to 2014 report a household income bracket. Gallup's brackets are in dollars of the interview year and are not adjusted for inflation; the groups are the harmonized six brackets collapsed to three.

Note: Gallup's extract has no survey weights, so every estimate is unweighted and levels can differ from the weighted figures Gallup publishes. County comes from the respondent's ZIP code and is approximate near county lines.

Source: Gallup U.S. Daily, 2009-2014 (household income is not comparable across 2015-2017); unweighted, intervals clustered by county

Data: https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/report/well-being-across-the-life-span/figures/profiles_by_income.json

### Table 5. Adjusting for household income moves the lowest point of the ladder profile from age 54 to age 48 with overlapping intervals, and a quadratic fit puts it at age 44, so no single age is the turning point

Cantril ladder score by year of age, raw and adjusted, the age of its lowest point under different adjustments and for groups, and the fall and rise between age bands, Gallup 2009 to 2017

#### Table 5.1. Raw and adjusted profiles

Adjusting for sex, marital status, education, household income and survey year deepens the fall from ages 25 to 34 to ages 45 to 54 to −0.32 ladder points from −0.20

Cantril ladder score by year of age, raw and adjusted for sex, marital status, education, household income and survey year, adults with all of these reported, Gallup 2009 to 2014

| age | conf_high | conf_low | estimate | group | n |
| ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- | ---: |
| 18 | 7.30 | 7.23 | 7.27 | Raw | 12,653 |
| 19 | 7.17 | 7.10 | 7.13 | Raw | 11,389 |
| 20 | 7.09 | 7.03 | 7.06 | Raw | 11,795 |
| 21 | 7.07 | 7.01 | 7.04 | Raw | 12,694 |
| 22 | 7.01 | 6.94 | 6.98 | Raw | 12,286 |
| 23 | 6.94 | 6.88 | 6.91 | Raw | 12,871 |
| 24 | 6.91 | 6.83 | 6.87 | Raw | 12,949 |
| 25 | 6.96 | 6.90 | 6.93 | Raw | 14,254 |
| 26 | 6.94 | 6.87 | 6.90 | Raw | 13,185 |
| 27 | 6.96 | 6.90 | 6.93 | Raw | 13,893 |
| 28 | 6.99 | 6.93 | 6.96 | Raw | 15,054 |
| 29 | 6.99 | 6.92 | 6.96 | Raw | 14,739 |
| 30 | 7.00 | 6.95 | 6.98 | Raw | 17,613 |
| 31 | 7.03 | 6.97 | 7.00 | Raw | 14,543 |
| 32 | 7.00 | 6.93 | 6.97 | Raw | 16,745 |
| 33 | 7.03 | 6.97 | 7.00 | Raw | 15,325 |
| 34 | 7.02 | 6.96 | 6.99 | Raw | 15,611 |
| 35 | 7.02 | 6.96 | 6.99 | Raw | 17,824 |
| 36 | 7.02 | 6.96 | 6.99 | Raw | 15,895 |
| 37 | 6.98 | 6.92 | 6.95 | Raw | 16,277 |
| 38 | 6.98 | 6.92 | 6.95 | Raw | 17,359 |
| 39 | 7.00 | 6.94 | 6.97 | Raw | 17,119 |
| 40 | 6.95 | 6.89 | 6.92 | Raw | 22,087 |
| 41 | 6.96 | 6.90 | 6.93 | Raw | 17,268 |
| 42 | 6.89 | 6.84 | 6.87 | Raw | 21,197 |
| 43 | 6.86 | 6.80 | 6.83 | Raw | 19,594 |
| 44 | 6.88 | 6.82 | 6.85 | Raw | 19,040 |
| 45 | 6.86 | 6.80 | 6.83 | Raw | 22,646 |
| 46 | 6.81 | 6.75 | 6.78 | Raw | 21,122 |
| 47 | 6.79 | 6.73 | 6.76 | Raw | 22,931 |
| 48 | 6.78 | 6.73 | 6.75 | Raw | 23,652 |
| 49 | 6.78 | 6.72 | 6.75 | Raw | 23,942 |
| 50 | 6.77 | 6.71 | 6.74 | Raw | 31,687 |
| 51 | 6.80 | 6.74 | 6.77 | Raw | 24,325 |
| 52 | 6.77 | 6.71 | 6.74 | Raw | 29,269 |
| 53 | 6.75 | 6.70 | 6.72 | Raw | 27,701 |
| 54 | 6.77 | 6.72 | 6.75 | Raw | 27,744 |
| 55 | 6.77 | 6.72 | 6.75 | Raw | 30,907 |
| 56 | 6.76 | 6.71 | 6.73 | Raw | 28,442 |
| 57 | 6.79 | 6.74 | 6.77 | Raw | 29,066 |
| 58 | 6.82 | 6.76 | 6.79 | Raw | 29,341 |
| 59 | 6.88 | 6.82 | 6.85 | Raw | 28,808 |
| 60 | 6.92 | 6.88 | 6.90 | Raw | 33,569 |
| 61 | 6.99 | 6.93 | 6.96 | Raw | 26,962 |
| 62 | 7.03 | 6.98 | 7.00 | Raw | 32,851 |
| 63 | 7.05 | 7.00 | 7.03 | Raw | 29,174 |
| 64 | 7.12 | 7.08 | 7.10 | Raw | 28,851 |
| 65 | 7.16 | 7.11 | 7.14 | Raw | 31,582 |
| 66 | 7.22 | 7.17 | 7.19 | Raw | 25,857 |
| 67 | 7.23 | 7.18 | 7.21 | Raw | 25,770 |
| 68 | 7.24 | 7.19 | 7.22 | Raw | 23,753 |
| 69 | 7.27 | 7.21 | 7.24 | Raw | 21,674 |
| 70 | 7.29 | 7.24 | 7.27 | Raw | 25,178 |
| 71 | 7.30 | 7.24 | 7.27 | Raw | 19,021 |
| 72 | 7.30 | 7.23 | 7.27 | Raw | 19,910 |
| 73 | 7.29 | 7.23 | 7.26 | Raw | 17,652 |
| 74 | 7.33 | 7.26 | 7.29 | Raw | 16,282 |
| 75 | 7.31 | 7.25 | 7.28 | Raw | 17,652 |
| 76 | 7.29 | 7.22 | 7.25 | Raw | 14,355 |
| 77 | 7.33 | 7.26 | 7.29 | Raw | 13,990 |
| 78 | 7.33 | 7.26 | 7.30 | Raw | 13,249 |
| 79 | 7.33 | 7.26 | 7.30 | Raw | 11,898 |
| 80 | 7.38 | 7.31 | 7.35 | Raw | 13,990 |
| 81 | 7.38 | 7.30 | 7.34 | Raw | 10,362 |
| 82 | 7.37 | 7.29 | 7.33 | Raw | 10,372 |
| 83 | 7.32 | 7.23 | 7.27 | Raw | 9,106 |
| 84 | 7.39 | 7.30 | 7.34 | Raw | 7,941 |
| 85 | 7.36 | 7.27 | 7.31 | Raw | 7,534 |
| 86 | 7.41 | 7.30 | 7.36 | Raw | 5,655 |
| 87 | 7.41 | 7.29 | 7.35 | Raw | 4,787 |
| 88 | 7.39 | 7.26 | 7.33 | Raw | 4,116 |
| 89 | 7.45 | 7.30 | 7.37 | Raw | 2,983 |
| 90 | 7.51 | 7.33 | 7.42 | Raw | 2,596 |
| 91 | 7.66 | 7.46 | 7.57 | Raw | 1,626 |
| 92 | 7.56 | 7.32 | 7.44 | Raw | 1,256 |
| 93 | 7.59 | 7.28 | 7.43 | Raw | 802 |
| 94 | 7.67 | 7.31 | 7.50 | Raw | 548 |
| 18 | 7.60 | 7.53 | 7.56 | Adjusted | 12,653 |
| 19 | 7.54 | 7.47 | 7.50 | Adjusted | 11,389 |
| 20 | 7.50 | 7.43 | 7.47 | Adjusted | 11,795 |
| 21 | 7.47 | 7.40 | 7.44 | Adjusted | 12,694 |
| 22 | 7.34 | 7.26 | 7.30 | Adjusted | 12,286 |
| 23 | 7.20 | 7.14 | 7.17 | Adjusted | 12,871 |
| 24 | 7.13 | 7.05 | 7.09 | Adjusted | 12,949 |
| 25 | 7.14 | 7.08 | 7.11 | Adjusted | 14,254 |
| 26 | 7.07 | 7.01 | 7.04 | Adjusted | 13,185 |
| 27 | 7.05 | 7.00 | 7.02 | Adjusted | 13,893 |
| 28 | 7.05 | 6.99 | 7.02 | Adjusted | 15,054 |
| 29 | 6.99 | 6.93 | 6.96 | Adjusted | 14,739 |
| 30 | 7.00 | 6.94 | 6.97 | Adjusted | 17,613 |
| 31 | 6.96 | 6.89 | 6.92 | Adjusted | 14,543 |
| 32 | 6.93 | 6.87 | 6.90 | Adjusted | 16,745 |
| 33 | 6.92 | 6.86 | 6.89 | Adjusted | 15,325 |
| 34 | 6.90 | 6.84 | 6.87 | Adjusted | 15,611 |
| 35 | 6.90 | 6.84 | 6.87 | Adjusted | 17,824 |
| 36 | 6.88 | 6.82 | 6.85 | Adjusted | 15,895 |
| 37 | 6.83 | 6.77 | 6.80 | Adjusted | 16,277 |
| 38 | 6.83 | 6.78 | 6.80 | Adjusted | 17,359 |
| 39 | 6.82 | 6.76 | 6.79 | Adjusted | 17,119 |
| 40 | 6.82 | 6.76 | 6.79 | Adjusted | 22,087 |
| 41 | 6.78 | 6.72 | 6.75 | Adjusted | 17,268 |
| 42 | 6.73 | 6.67 | 6.70 | Adjusted | 21,197 |
| 43 | 6.70 | 6.64 | 6.67 | Adjusted | 19,594 |
| 44 | 6.72 | 6.67 | 6.70 | Adjusted | 19,040 |
| 45 | 6.72 | 6.67 | 6.69 | Adjusted | 22,646 |
| 46 | 6.67 | 6.61 | 6.64 | Adjusted | 21,122 |
| 47 | 6.67 | 6.61 | 6.64 | Adjusted | 22,931 |
| 48 | 6.66 | 6.60 | 6.63 | Adjusted | 23,652 |
| 49 | 6.67 | 6.61 | 6.64 | Adjusted | 23,942 |
| 50 | 6.67 | 6.63 | 6.65 | Adjusted | 31,687 |
| 51 | 6.69 | 6.64 | 6.67 | Adjusted | 24,325 |
| 52 | 6.67 | 6.63 | 6.65 | Adjusted | 29,269 |
| 53 | 6.66 | 6.61 | 6.64 | Adjusted | 27,701 |
| 54 | 6.68 | 6.63 | 6.66 | Adjusted | 27,744 |
| 55 | 6.68 | 6.64 | 6.66 | Adjusted | 30,907 |
| 56 | 6.68 | 6.63 | 6.65 | Adjusted | 28,442 |
| 57 | 6.71 | 6.66 | 6.69 | Adjusted | 29,066 |
| 58 | 6.74 | 6.69 | 6.71 | Adjusted | 29,341 |
| 59 | 6.80 | 6.75 | 6.77 | Adjusted | 28,808 |
| 60 | 6.85 | 6.80 | 6.83 | Adjusted | 33,569 |
| 61 | 6.92 | 6.87 | 6.89 | Adjusted | 26,962 |
| 62 | 6.96 | 6.92 | 6.94 | Adjusted | 32,851 |
| 63 | 7.00 | 6.95 | 6.97 | Adjusted | 29,174 |
| 64 | 7.07 | 7.03 | 7.05 | Adjusted | 28,851 |
| 65 | 7.13 | 7.09 | 7.11 | Adjusted | 31,582 |
| 66 | 7.20 | 7.15 | 7.17 | Adjusted | 25,857 |
| 67 | 7.23 | 7.18 | 7.20 | Adjusted | 25,770 |
| 68 | 7.26 | 7.21 | 7.23 | Adjusted | 23,753 |
| 69 | 7.30 | 7.25 | 7.28 | Adjusted | 21,674 |
| 70 | 7.34 | 7.29 | 7.32 | Adjusted | 25,178 |
| 71 | 7.38 | 7.32 | 7.35 | Adjusted | 19,021 |
| 72 | 7.39 | 7.33 | 7.36 | Adjusted | 19,910 |
| 73 | 7.41 | 7.35 | 7.38 | Adjusted | 17,652 |
| 74 | 7.47 | 7.40 | 7.43 | Adjusted | 16,282 |
| 75 | 7.46 | 7.40 | 7.43 | Adjusted | 17,652 |
| 76 | 7.46 | 7.40 | 7.43 | Adjusted | 14,355 |
| 77 | 7.51 | 7.45 | 7.48 | Adjusted | 13,990 |
| 78 | 7.54 | 7.47 | 7.50 | Adjusted | 13,249 |
| 79 | 7.55 | 7.49 | 7.52 | Adjusted | 11,898 |
| 80 | 7.62 | 7.55 | 7.59 | Adjusted | 13,990 |
| 81 | 7.64 | 7.56 | 7.60 | Adjusted | 10,362 |
| 82 | 7.64 | 7.56 | 7.60 | Adjusted | 10,372 |
| 83 | 7.61 | 7.52 | 7.57 | Adjusted | 9,106 |
| 84 | 7.70 | 7.61 | 7.66 | Adjusted | 7,941 |
| 85 | 7.68 | 7.59 | 7.63 | Adjusted | 7,534 |
| 86 | 7.75 | 7.64 | 7.70 | Adjusted | 5,655 |
| 87 | 7.76 | 7.64 | 7.70 | Adjusted | 4,787 |
| 88 | 7.75 | 7.62 | 7.69 | Adjusted | 4,116 |
| 89 | 7.84 | 7.68 | 7.76 | Adjusted | 2,983 |
| 90 | 7.89 | 7.72 | 7.80 | Adjusted | 2,596 |
| 91 | 8.05 | 7.84 | 7.94 | Adjusted | 1,626 |
| 92 | 7.94 | 7.70 | 7.82 | Adjusted | 1,256 |
| 93 | 7.99 | 7.69 | 7.84 | Adjusted | 802 |
| 94 | 8.04 | 7.67 | 7.86 | Adjusted | 548 |

#### Table 5.2. Age of the lowest point

The lowest point of the ladder profile is at age 54 raw and 48 adjusted for five controls, and a quadratic fit puts it at 44 raw and 47 adjusted

Age of the lowest point of the five-year moving average of the mean ladder score by year of age, or the turning age of a fitted quadratic, with 95% intervals from a bootstrap over counties

| age | conf_high | conf_low | group | label | n |
| ---: | ---: | ---: | --- | --- | ---: |
| 53.90 | 54.30 | 51.50 | Lowest point of the profile | All interviews with a ladder score, raw, 2009 to 2017 | 2,180,433 |
| 54.10 | 54.60 | 51 | Lowest point of the profile | Interviews with complete controls, raw | 1,355,746 |
| 54.10 | 54.60 | 51.10 | Lowest point of the profile | Adjusted for sex | 1,355,746 |
| 53.90 | 54.20 | 48.10 | Lowest point of the profile | Adjusted for marital status | 1,355,746 |
| 54.20 | 54.70 | 48.10 | Lowest point of the profile | Adjusted for education | 1,355,746 |
| 48.20 | 54 | 47.90 | Lowest point of the profile | Adjusted for household income | 1,355,746 |
| 54.10 | 54.60 | 51 | Lowest point of the profile | Adjusted for survey year | 1,355,746 |
| 48.10 | 53.90 | 47.80 | Lowest point of the profile | Adjusted for all five | 1,355,746 |
| 54.10 | 54.60 | 50.90 | Lowest point of the profile | Interviews with a health rating, raw | 1,354,627 |
| 47.70 | 48 | 47 | Lowest point of the profile | Adjusted for the five and self-rated health | 1,354,627 |
| 44.40 | 44.80 | 44 | Quadratic fit | Raw, quadratic fit | 1,355,746 |
| 47.10 | 47.40 | 46.90 | Quadratic fit | Adjusted for all five, quadratic fit | 1,355,746 |
| 54.40 | 55 | 53.90 | Within household income groups, 2009 to 2014 | Household income under the lower cutoff | 485,159 |
| 48.20 | 50.80 | 47.80 | Within household income groups, 2009 to 2014 | Household income between the cutoffs | 567,870 |
| 54.40 | 55.50 | 50.80 | Within county deprivation thirds | Least deprived third of interviews | 718,005 |
| 53.90 | 54.50 | 52.40 | Within county deprivation thirds | Middle third of interviews | 730,419 |
| 51.10 | 53.70 | 48 | Within county deprivation thirds | Most deprived third of interviews | 731,406 |

#### Table 5.3. Fall and rise

The fall in the ladder from ages 25 to 34 to ages 45 to 54 is −0.59 points in households under $36,000 and −0.05 in households of $90,000 or more, where the fall from ages 35 to 44 is −0.07

Change in the mean ladder score between age bands, as the mean of the profile in the later band minus the earlier band, with 95% intervals from a bootstrap over counties

| conf_high | conf_low | estimate | group | label | n |
| ---: | ---: | ---: | --- | --- | ---: |
| −0.189 | −0.219 | −0.205 | Fall, ages 25 to 34 to ages 45 to 54 | All adults, raw | 1,355,746 |
| −0.150 | −0.175 | −0.162 | Fall, ages 35 to 44 to ages 45 to 54 | All adults, raw | 1,355,746 |
| 0.574 | 0.541 | 0.557 | Rise, ages 45 to 54 to ages 75 to 94 | All adults, raw | 1,355,746 |
| −0.303 | −0.333 | −0.318 | Fall, ages 25 to 34 to ages 45 to 54 | All adults, adjusted for five controls | 1,355,746 |
| −0.106 | −0.133 | −0.119 | Fall, ages 35 to 44 to ages 45 to 54 | All adults, adjusted for five controls | 1,355,746 |
| 0.932 | 0.898 | 0.914 | Rise, ages 45 to 54 to ages 75 to 94 | All adults, adjusted for five controls | 1,355,746 |
| −0.559 | −0.618 | −0.589 | Fall, ages 25 to 34 to ages 45 to 54 | Household income under the lower cutoff | 485,159 |
| −0.242 | −0.302 | −0.272 | Fall, ages 35 to 44 to ages 45 to 54 | Household income under the lower cutoff | 485,159 |
| 1.18 | 1.13 | 1.15 | Rise, ages 45 to 54 to ages 75 to 94 | Household income under the lower cutoff | 485,159 |
| −0.255 | −0.290 | −0.273 | Fall, ages 25 to 34 to ages 45 to 54 | Household income between the cutoffs | 567,870 |
| −0.100 | −0.131 | −0.116 | Fall, ages 35 to 44 to ages 45 to 54 | Household income between the cutoffs | 567,870 |
| 0.713 | 0.670 | 0.693 | Rise, ages 45 to 54 to ages 75 to 94 | Household income between the cutoffs | 567,870 |
| −0.029 | −0.069 | −0.050 | Fall, ages 25 to 34 to ages 45 to 54 | Household income above the upper cutoff | 310,559 |
| −0.051 | −0.080 | −0.066 | Fall, ages 35 to 44 to ages 45 to 54 | Household income above the upper cutoff | 310,559 |
| 0.398 | 0.332 | 0.365 | Rise, ages 45 to 54 to ages 75 to 94 | Household income above the upper cutoff | 310,559 |
| −0.366 | −0.473 | −0.419 | Fall, ages 25 to 34 to ages 45 to 54 | Under the lower cutoff, 2015 to 2017 | 126,328 |
| −0.152 | −0.268 | −0.211 | Fall, ages 35 to 44 to ages 45 to 54 | Under the lower cutoff, 2015 to 2017 | 126,328 |
| 1.07 | 0.957 | 1.01 | Rise, ages 45 to 54 to ages 75 to 94 | Under the lower cutoff, 2015 to 2017 | 126,328 |
| −0.141 | −0.207 | −0.174 | Fall, ages 25 to 34 to ages 45 to 54 | Between the cutoffs, 2015 to 2017 | 166,352 |
| −0.059 | −0.126 | −0.093 | Fall, ages 35 to 44 to ages 45 to 54 | Between the cutoffs, 2015 to 2017 | 166,352 |
| 0.793 | 0.723 | 0.759 | Rise, ages 45 to 54 to ages 75 to 94 | Between the cutoffs, 2015 to 2017 | 166,352 |
| 0.122 | 0.065 | 0.093 | Fall, ages 25 to 34 to ages 45 to 54 | Above the upper cutoff, 2015 to 2017 | 139,811 |
| 0.008 | −0.041 | −0.017 | Fall, ages 35 to 44 to ages 45 to 54 | Above the upper cutoff, 2015 to 2017 | 139,811 |
| 0.490 | 0.396 | 0.444 | Rise, ages 45 to 54 to ages 75 to 94 | Above the upper cutoff, 2015 to 2017 | 139,811 |
| −0.085 | −0.139 | −0.113 | Fall, ages 25 to 34 to ages 45 to 54 | Least deprived third of interviews | 718,005 |
| −0.116 | −0.151 | −0.134 | Fall, ages 35 to 44 to ages 45 to 54 | Least deprived third of interviews | 718,005 |
| 0.524 | 0.470 | 0.497 | Rise, ages 45 to 54 to ages 75 to 94 | Least deprived third of interviews | 718,005 |
| −0.116 | −0.163 | −0.139 | Fall, ages 25 to 34 to ages 45 to 54 | Middle third of interviews | 730,419 |
| −0.128 | −0.161 | −0.144 | Fall, ages 35 to 44 to ages 45 to 54 | Middle third of interviews | 730,419 |
| 0.579 | 0.527 | 0.553 | Rise, ages 45 to 54 to ages 75 to 94 | Middle third of interviews | 730,419 |
| −0.153 | −0.193 | −0.172 | Fall, ages 25 to 34 to ages 45 to 54 | Most deprived third of interviews | 731,406 |
| −0.116 | −0.152 | −0.134 | Fall, ages 35 to 44 to ages 45 to 54 | Most deprived third of interviews | 731,406 |
| 0.600 | 0.560 | 0.580 | Rise, ages 45 to 54 to ages 75 to 94 | Most deprived third of interviews | 731,406 |

Note: Each age is a different group of people interviewed in the same years, so a profile mixes age with birth cohort and does not follow anyone through life.

Note: Adjusted rows and income groups use interviews in 2009 to 2014, because the income distribution of reporters shifts in 2015 to 2017; the rows marked 2015 to 2017 are shown separately. Adjusted rows use the 1,355,746 interviews that report sex, marital status, education and household income; the row with self-rated health uses the 1,354,627 interviews that also report health.

Note: The age of the lowest point is searched over ages 20 to 92 on the five-year moving average and refined between whole years; the intervals come from a bootstrap over counties (replicates and seed in the methods note).

Note: The ladder of 2008 is not used. Political questions that came before the ladder lowered it in 2008 and in the first months of 2009, and the extract has no interview month, so early 2009 interviews may carry part of the effect. Scores averaged 6.69 in 2008 and 7.03 in 2009, and the 2009 minus 2008 difference is between 0.29 and 0.38 ladder points in every age band.

Note: Gallup's extract has no survey weights, so every estimate is unweighted and levels can differ from the weighted figures Gallup publishes. County comes from the respondent's ZIP code and is approximate near county lines.

Source: Gallup U.S. Daily, ladder 2009-2017 (2009-2014 where household income is used, 2015-2017 where stated); unweighted, intervals clustered by county or from a bootstrap over counties; county Area Deprivation Index 2023 joined on the county of the interview

Data: https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/report/well-being-across-the-life-span/figures/ladder_turning_points.json

### Table 6. Relative to adults at the same ages, stress among people born in 1950 to 1959 changed by −9.6 points and their ladder score by +0.22 points between 2009 and 2017, against −10.6 and +0.28 across the same ages in 2009

Birth cohorts of a decade followed across Gallup interview years, for the ladder (2009 to 2017), stress and physical pain (2008 to 2017), with the profile by year of age from all interviews

#### Table 6.1. Ladder

The ladder score of people born in 1950 to 1959 changed by +0.41 points between 2009 and 2017, as they went from ages 50 to 59 to ages 58 to 67, against +0.28 points across the same ages in 2009 and +0.19 points among all adults at ages 50 to 67

Mean Cantril ladder score for six birth cohorts in each interview year from 2009 to 2017, and for all interviews by year of age

| age | conf_high | conf_low | estimate | group | n |
| ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- | ---: |
| 74.10 | 7.33 | 7.29 | 7.31 | Born 1930 to 1939 | 41,505 |
| 75.20 | 7.36 | 7.32 | 7.34 | Born 1930 to 1939 | 46,954 |
| 76.10 | 7.33 | 7.29 | 7.31 | Born 1930 to 1939 | 42,886 |
| 77.10 | 7.36 | 7.31 | 7.33 | Born 1930 to 1939 | 41,176 |
| 78 | 7.41 | 7.34 | 7.38 | Born 1930 to 1939 | 17,029 |
| 78.80 | 7.41 | 7.35 | 7.38 | Born 1930 to 1939 | 17,391 |
| 79.90 | 7.45 | 7.38 | 7.42 | Born 1930 to 1939 | 15,911 |
| 80.80 | 7.48 | 7.41 | 7.45 | Born 1930 to 1939 | 14,280 |
| 81.70 | 7.49 | 7.41 | 7.45 | Born 1930 to 1939 | 10,517 |
| 64.10 | 7.18 | 7.14 | 7.16 | Born 1940 to 1949 | 62,066 |
| 65.30 | 7.20 | 7.17 | 7.18 | Born 1940 to 1949 | 72,110 |
| 66.20 | 7.17 | 7.14 | 7.16 | Born 1940 to 1949 | 68,765 |
| 67.20 | 7.22 | 7.19 | 7.20 | Born 1940 to 1949 | 69,475 |
| 68 | 7.33 | 7.28 | 7.31 | Born 1940 to 1949 | 32,334 |
| 69 | 7.33 | 7.28 | 7.31 | Born 1940 to 1949 | 32,845 |
| 70.10 | 7.41 | 7.36 | 7.38 | Born 1940 to 1949 | 32,230 |
| 71 | 7.46 | 7.41 | 7.44 | Born 1940 to 1949 | 31,175 |
| 71.90 | 7.51 | 7.45 | 7.48 | Born 1940 to 1949 | 24,982 |
| 54.50 | 6.82 | 6.78 | 6.80 | Born 1950 to 1959 | 63,588 |
| 55.70 | 6.83 | 6.80 | 6.82 | Born 1950 to 1959 | 73,724 |
| 56.60 | 6.83 | 6.80 | 6.82 | Born 1950 to 1959 | 71,179 |
| 57.60 | 6.86 | 6.83 | 6.84 | Born 1950 to 1959 | 72,420 |
| 58.60 | 6.91 | 6.86 | 6.89 | Born 1950 to 1959 | 36,053 |
| 59.50 | 6.99 | 6.94 | 6.97 | Born 1950 to 1959 | 35,610 |
| 60.70 | 7.11 | 7.07 | 7.09 | Born 1950 to 1959 | 35,426 |
| 61.60 | 7.17 | 7.12 | 7.14 | Born 1950 to 1959 | 35,866 |
| 62.50 | 7.24 | 7.19 | 7.22 | Born 1950 to 1959 | 31,360 |
| 44.70 | 6.86 | 6.81 | 6.83 | Born 1960 to 1969 | 48,157 |
| 46 | 6.87 | 6.83 | 6.85 | Born 1960 to 1969 | 55,779 |
| 46.90 | 6.83 | 6.78 | 6.80 | Born 1960 to 1969 | 54,906 |
| 48 | 6.81 | 6.76 | 6.78 | Born 1960 to 1969 | 54,915 |
| 48.90 | 6.87 | 6.82 | 6.84 | Born 1960 to 1969 | 28,541 |
| 49.80 | 6.92 | 6.86 | 6.88 | Born 1960 to 1969 | 28,214 |
| 50.90 | 6.98 | 6.93 | 6.95 | Born 1960 to 1969 | 27,677 |
| 51.80 | 7.02 | 6.97 | 7.00 | Born 1960 to 1969 | 29,045 |
| 52.70 | 7.10 | 7.04 | 7.07 | Born 1960 to 1969 | 26,572 |
| 34.80 | 7.00 | 6.95 | 6.98 | Born 1970 to 1979 | 33,172 |
| 36 | 7.06 | 7.01 | 7.04 | Born 1970 to 1979 | 38,714 |
| 36.70 | 6.99 | 6.95 | 6.97 | Born 1970 to 1979 | 39,699 |
| 37.80 | 6.97 | 6.92 | 6.95 | Born 1970 to 1979 | 39,318 |
| 38.70 | 7.00 | 6.94 | 6.97 | Born 1970 to 1979 | 21,440 |
| 39.60 | 7.05 | 6.99 | 7.02 | Born 1970 to 1979 | 20,381 |
| 40.70 | 7.10 | 7.04 | 7.07 | Born 1970 to 1979 | 19,588 |
| 41.70 | 7.12 | 7.05 | 7.08 | Born 1970 to 1979 | 21,500 |
| 42.60 | 7.16 | 7.10 | 7.13 | Born 1970 to 1979 | 20,619 |
| 24.90 | 6.94 | 6.89 | 6.91 | Born 1980 to 1989 | 21,259 |
| 25.90 | 7.04 | 6.98 | 7.01 | Born 1980 to 1989 | 26,119 |
| 26.60 | 6.99 | 6.94 | 6.96 | Born 1980 to 1989 | 34,816 |
| 27.60 | 6.99 | 6.94 | 6.97 | Born 1980 to 1989 | 35,952 |
| 28.60 | 6.99 | 6.93 | 6.96 | Born 1980 to 1989 | 20,750 |
| 29.60 | 7.00 | 6.94 | 6.97 | Born 1980 to 1989 | 19,525 |
| 30.60 | 7.04 | 6.98 | 7.01 | Born 1980 to 1989 | 18,831 |
| 31.60 | 7.06 | 7.01 | 7.04 | Born 1980 to 1989 | 20,494 |
| 32.50 | 7.08 | 7.02 | 7.05 | Born 1980 to 1989 | 21,095 |
| 18 | 7.28 | 7.23 | 7.25 | All interviews, by age | 25,104 |
| 19 | 7.16 | 7.11 | 7.14 | All interviews, by age | 20,764 |
| 20 | 7.06 | 7.01 | 7.03 | All interviews, by age | 20,566 |
| 21 | 7.04 | 6.98 | 7.01 | All interviews, by age | 21,404 |
| 22 | 6.99 | 6.93 | 6.96 | All interviews, by age | 20,267 |
| 23 | 6.93 | 6.88 | 6.91 | All interviews, by age | 20,868 |
| 24 | 6.91 | 6.85 | 6.88 | All interviews, by age | 20,651 |
| 25 | 6.96 | 6.91 | 6.93 | All interviews, by age | 22,756 |
| 26 | 6.95 | 6.89 | 6.92 | All interviews, by age | 20,582 |
| 27 | 6.97 | 6.92 | 6.94 | All interviews, by age | 21,275 |
| 28 | 7.01 | 6.96 | 6.98 | All interviews, by age | 22,607 |
| 29 | 7.02 | 6.97 | 6.99 | All interviews, by age | 21,955 |
| 30 | 7.04 | 6.99 | 7.01 | All interviews, by age | 26,817 |
| 31 | 7.05 | 7.00 | 7.02 | All interviews, by age | 21,509 |
| 32 | 7.03 | 6.98 | 7.00 | All interviews, by age | 25,123 |
| 33 | 7.05 | 7 | 7.03 | All interviews, by age | 22,981 |
| 34 | 7.04 | 6.98 | 7.01 | All interviews, by age | 23,449 |
| 35 | 7.06 | 7.01 | 7.04 | All interviews, by age | 27,289 |
| 36 | 7.06 | 7.01 | 7.04 | All interviews, by age | 23,837 |
| 37 | 7.04 | 6.99 | 7.01 | All interviews, by age | 24,074 |
| 38 | 7.02 | 6.97 | 7.00 | All interviews, by age | 25,474 |
| 39 | 7.05 | 7.00 | 7.02 | All interviews, by age | 25,043 |
| 40 | 7.01 | 6.96 | 6.99 | All interviews, by age | 33,427 |
| 41 | 7.02 | 6.96 | 6.99 | All interviews, by age | 24,465 |
| 42 | 6.97 | 6.92 | 6.94 | All interviews, by age | 30,521 |
| 43 | 6.93 | 6.88 | 6.91 | All interviews, by age | 28,188 |
| 44 | 6.94 | 6.89 | 6.91 | All interviews, by age | 27,722 |
| 45 | 6.94 | 6.88 | 6.91 | All interviews, by age | 34,003 |
| 46 | 6.88 | 6.83 | 6.86 | All interviews, by age | 31,175 |
| 47 | 6.86 | 6.81 | 6.84 | All interviews, by age | 33,763 |
| 48 | 6.87 | 6.82 | 6.84 | All interviews, by age | 34,633 |
| 49 | 6.86 | 6.81 | 6.83 | All interviews, by age | 34,790 |
| 50 | 6.87 | 6.83 | 6.85 | All interviews, by age | 49,187 |
| 51 | 6.87 | 6.82 | 6.84 | All interviews, by age | 35,575 |
| 52 | 6.84 | 6.79 | 6.82 | All interviews, by age | 43,598 |
| 53 | 6.82 | 6.77 | 6.79 | All interviews, by age | 41,271 |
| 54 | 6.84 | 6.80 | 6.82 | All interviews, by age | 42,032 |
| 55 | 6.86 | 6.82 | 6.84 | All interviews, by age | 47,470 |
| 56 | 6.85 | 6.80 | 6.83 | All interviews, by age | 43,108 |
| 57 | 6.87 | 6.83 | 6.85 | All interviews, by age | 44,152 |
| 58 | 6.89 | 6.84 | 6.87 | All interviews, by age | 45,107 |
| 59 | 6.93 | 6.89 | 6.91 | All interviews, by age | 44,432 |
| 60 | 7.00 | 6.96 | 6.98 | All interviews, by age | 54,582 |
| 61 | 7.03 | 6.99 | 7.01 | All interviews, by age | 41,935 |
| 62 | 7.09 | 7.05 | 7.07 | All interviews, by age | 51,583 |
| 63 | 7.12 | 7.08 | 7.10 | All interviews, by age | 46,017 |
| 64 | 7.18 | 7.13 | 7.16 | All interviews, by age | 46,280 |
| 65 | 7.22 | 7.19 | 7.21 | All interviews, by age | 53,072 |
| 66 | 7.28 | 7.24 | 7.26 | All interviews, by age | 43,111 |
| 67 | 7.30 | 7.26 | 7.28 | All interviews, by age | 44,121 |
| 68 | 7.31 | 7.27 | 7.29 | All interviews, by age | 42,066 |
| 69 | 7.34 | 7.30 | 7.32 | All interviews, by age | 38,080 |
| 70 | 7.37 | 7.33 | 7.35 | All interviews, by age | 46,117 |
| 71 | 7.36 | 7.31 | 7.33 | All interviews, by age | 33,149 |
| 72 | 7.37 | 7.32 | 7.34 | All interviews, by age | 35,737 |
| 73 | 7.37 | 7.32 | 7.34 | All interviews, by age | 32,279 |
| 74 | 7.38 | 7.33 | 7.36 | All interviews, by age | 29,803 |
| 75 | 7.38 | 7.33 | 7.36 | All interviews, by age | 32,359 |
| 76 | 7.38 | 7.33 | 7.35 | All interviews, by age | 26,175 |
| 77 | 7.38 | 7.33 | 7.36 | All interviews, by age | 25,447 |
| 78 | 7.39 | 7.33 | 7.36 | All interviews, by age | 24,365 |
| 79 | 7.40 | 7.35 | 7.37 | All interviews, by age | 21,647 |
| 80 | 7.44 | 7.39 | 7.41 | All interviews, by age | 26,170 |
| 81 | 7.44 | 7.38 | 7.41 | All interviews, by age | 18,844 |
| 82 | 7.42 | 7.35 | 7.38 | All interviews, by age | 19,071 |
| 83 | 7.38 | 7.31 | 7.35 | All interviews, by age | 17,079 |
| 84 | 7.42 | 7.35 | 7.39 | All interviews, by age | 14,958 |
| 85 | 7.39 | 7.32 | 7.36 | All interviews, by age | 14,462 |
| 86 | 7.41 | 7.33 | 7.37 | All interviews, by age | 10,947 |
| 87 | 7.41 | 7.32 | 7.37 | All interviews, by age | 9,423 |
| 88 | 7.42 | 7.33 | 7.38 | All interviews, by age | 8,210 |
| 89 | 7.47 | 7.36 | 7.42 | All interviews, by age | 5,902 |
| 90 | 7.58 | 7.47 | 7.52 | All interviews, by age | 5,455 |
| 91 | 7.57 | 7.43 | 7.50 | All interviews, by age | 3,335 |
| 92 | 7.53 | 7.36 | 7.45 | All interviews, by age | 2,641 |
| 93 | 7.56 | 7.36 | 7.46 | All interviews, by age | 1,754 |
| 94 | 7.61 | 7.35 | 7.48 | All interviews, by age | 1,243 |

#### Table 6.2. Stress

Stress among people born in 1950 to 1959 changed by −7.9 points between 2009 and 2017, against −10.6 points across the same ages in 2009 and +1.7 points among all adults at ages 50 to 67

Share of adults who reported stress during a lot of the day yesterday for six birth cohorts in each interview year from 2008 to 2017, and for all interviews by year of age

| age | conf_high | conf_low | estimate | group | n |
| ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- | ---: |
| 73.20 | 19.52 | 18.71 | 19.11 | Born 1930 to 1939 | 45,875 |
| 74.10 | 19.96 | 19.20 | 19.58 | Born 1930 to 1939 | 48,535 |
| 75.20 | 19.63 | 18.79 | 19.21 | Born 1930 to 1939 | 47,215 |
| 76.10 | 20.17 | 19.42 | 19.79 | Born 1930 to 1939 | 43,159 |
| 77.10 | 19.84 | 19.04 | 19.44 | Born 1930 to 1939 | 41,441 |
| 78 | 19.46 | 18.26 | 18.86 | Born 1930 to 1939 | 17,150 |
| 78.80 | 19.66 | 18.47 | 19.06 | Born 1930 to 1939 | 17,546 |
| 79.90 | 19.47 | 18.19 | 18.83 | Born 1930 to 1939 | 16,054 |
| 80.80 | 19.19 | 17.85 | 18.52 | Born 1930 to 1939 | 14,401 |
| 81.70 | 20.71 | 19.12 | 19.92 | Born 1930 to 1939 | 10,599 |
| 63.20 | 29.52 | 28.76 | 29.14 | Born 1940 to 1949 | 69,436 |
| 64.10 | 29.04 | 28.17 | 28.61 | Born 1940 to 1949 | 72,158 |
| 65.30 | 27.68 | 26.96 | 27.32 | Born 1940 to 1949 | 72,279 |
| 66.20 | 27.21 | 26.48 | 26.85 | Born 1940 to 1949 | 68,892 |
| 67.20 | 26.14 | 25.41 | 25.77 | Born 1940 to 1949 | 69,677 |
| 68 | 24.71 | 23.70 | 24.21 | Born 1940 to 1949 | 32,462 |
| 69 | 24.10 | 23.15 | 23.63 | Born 1940 to 1949 | 32,955 |
| 70.10 | 23.43 | 22.39 | 22.91 | Born 1940 to 1949 | 32,326 |
| 71 | 23.05 | 22 | 22.53 | Born 1940 to 1949 | 31,275 |
| 71.90 | 24.80 | 23.72 | 24.26 | Born 1940 to 1949 | 25,053 |
| 53.50 | 41.07 | 40.31 | 40.69 | Born 1950 to 1959 | 75,994 |
| 54.50 | 42.55 | 41.79 | 42.17 | Born 1950 to 1959 | 74,461 |
| 55.70 | 42.08 | 41.30 | 41.69 | Born 1950 to 1959 | 73,817 |
| 56.60 | 41.27 | 40.51 | 40.89 | Born 1950 to 1959 | 71,287 |
| 57.60 | 39.97 | 39.21 | 39.59 | Born 1950 to 1959 | 72,548 |
| 58.60 | 38.97 | 37.92 | 38.45 | Born 1950 to 1959 | 36,117 |
| 59.50 | 37.66 | 36.60 | 37.13 | Born 1950 to 1959 | 35,666 |
| 60.70 | 36.04 | 34.94 | 35.49 | Born 1950 to 1959 | 35,466 |
| 61.60 | 34.29 | 33.24 | 33.76 | Born 1950 to 1959 | 35,937 |
| 62.50 | 34.89 | 33.70 | 34.30 | Born 1950 to 1959 | 31,409 |
| 43.80 | 45.09 | 44.26 | 44.67 | Born 1960 to 1969 | 59,220 |
| 44.70 | 47.27 | 46.33 | 46.80 | Born 1960 to 1969 | 56,539 |
| 46 | 46.58 | 45.72 | 46.15 | Born 1960 to 1969 | 55,838 |
| 46.90 | 46.84 | 45.89 | 46.36 | Born 1960 to 1969 | 54,976 |
| 48 | 46.29 | 45.33 | 45.81 | Born 1960 to 1969 | 55,023 |
| 48.90 | 45.87 | 44.61 | 45.24 | Born 1960 to 1969 | 28,602 |
| 49.80 | 44.80 | 43.58 | 44.19 | Born 1960 to 1969 | 28,237 |
| 50.90 | 44.41 | 43.27 | 43.84 | Born 1960 to 1969 | 27,717 |
| 51.80 | 43.86 | 42.63 | 43.24 | Born 1960 to 1969 | 29,100 |
| 52.70 | 44.03 | 42.80 | 43.42 | Born 1960 to 1969 | 26,619 |
| 33.90 | 47.89 | 46.81 | 47.35 | Born 1970 to 1979 | 42,406 |
| 34.80 | 49.14 | 48.03 | 48.59 | Born 1970 to 1979 | 39,045 |
| 36 | 47.89 | 46.83 | 47.36 | Born 1970 to 1979 | 38,767 |
| 36.70 | 49.24 | 48.15 | 48.69 | Born 1970 to 1979 | 39,747 |
| 37.80 | 49.07 | 47.87 | 48.47 | Born 1970 to 1979 | 39,394 |
| 38.70 | 47.94 | 46.55 | 47.24 | Born 1970 to 1979 | 21,480 |
| 39.60 | 48.14 | 46.69 | 47.41 | Born 1970 to 1979 | 20,405 |
| 40.70 | 47.20 | 45.75 | 46.47 | Born 1970 to 1979 | 19,612 |
| 41.70 | 46.88 | 45.38 | 46.13 | Born 1970 to 1979 | 21,542 |
| 42.60 | 46.57 | 45.25 | 45.91 | Born 1970 to 1979 | 20,662 |
| 24 | 48.40 | 47.16 | 47.78 | Born 1980 to 1989 | 25,752 |
| 24.90 | 49.23 | 47.91 | 48.57 | Born 1980 to 1989 | 24,886 |
| 25.90 | 47.64 | 46.33 | 46.98 | Born 1980 to 1989 | 26,177 |
| 26.60 | 48.81 | 47.77 | 48.29 | Born 1980 to 1989 | 34,882 |
| 27.60 | 48.81 | 47.52 | 48.16 | Born 1980 to 1989 | 36,021 |
| 28.60 | 49.51 | 48.06 | 48.79 | Born 1980 to 1989 | 20,795 |
| 29.60 | 48.85 | 47.39 | 48.12 | Born 1980 to 1989 | 19,548 |
| 30.60 | 49.68 | 48.27 | 48.98 | Born 1980 to 1989 | 18,860 |
| 31.60 | 49.65 | 48.22 | 48.93 | Born 1980 to 1989 | 20,528 |
| 32.50 | 50.19 | 48.72 | 49.46 | Born 1980 to 1989 | 21,126 |
| 18 | 42.52 | 41.08 | 41.80 | All interviews, by age | 28,568 |
| 19 | 45.50 | 44.04 | 44.77 | All interviews, by age | 23,262 |
| 20 | 47.90 | 46.48 | 47.19 | All interviews, by age | 23,022 |
| 21 | 48.51 | 47.10 | 47.81 | All interviews, by age | 23,787 |
| 22 | 49.34 | 47.93 | 48.64 | All interviews, by age | 22,821 |
| 23 | 48.63 | 47.30 | 47.96 | All interviews, by age | 23,605 |
| 24 | 49.67 | 48.35 | 49.01 | All interviews, by age | 23,454 |
| 25 | 49.11 | 47.73 | 48.42 | All interviews, by age | 26,036 |
| 26 | 49.86 | 48.41 | 49.13 | All interviews, by age | 23,861 |
| 27 | 50.14 | 48.81 | 49.48 | All interviews, by age | 24,771 |
| 28 | 49.04 | 47.75 | 48.39 | All interviews, by age | 26,630 |
| 29 | 49.05 | 47.82 | 48.43 | All interviews, by age | 25,891 |
| 30 | 47.37 | 46.10 | 46.73 | All interviews, by age | 31,457 |
| 31 | 50.22 | 48.90 | 49.56 | All interviews, by age | 25,455 |
| 32 | 49.47 | 48.16 | 48.82 | All interviews, by age | 29,613 |
| 33 | 49.37 | 48.13 | 48.75 | All interviews, by age | 27,392 |
| 34 | 49.04 | 47.78 | 48.41 | All interviews, by age | 27,960 |
| 35 | 48.01 | 46.84 | 47.43 | All interviews, by age | 32,600 |
| 36 | 48.25 | 47.02 | 47.64 | All interviews, by age | 28,987 |
| 37 | 48.95 | 47.68 | 48.31 | All interviews, by age | 30,020 |
| 38 | 48.55 | 47.32 | 47.94 | All interviews, by age | 31,620 |
| 39 | 48.36 | 47.13 | 47.75 | All interviews, by age | 30,615 |
| 40 | 46.75 | 45.61 | 46.18 | All interviews, by age | 40,304 |
| 41 | 48.57 | 47.28 | 47.93 | All interviews, by age | 30,003 |
| 42 | 47.35 | 46.27 | 46.81 | All interviews, by age | 37,111 |
| 43 | 47.65 | 46.56 | 47.11 | All interviews, by age | 34,684 |
| 44 | 47.31 | 46.18 | 46.75 | All interviews, by age | 34,226 |
| 45 | 45.60 | 44.55 | 45.08 | All interviews, by age | 41,584 |
| 46 | 46.64 | 45.64 | 46.14 | All interviews, by age | 38,180 |
| 47 | 46.34 | 45.34 | 45.84 | All interviews, by age | 41,478 |
| 48 | 46.07 | 45.04 | 45.56 | All interviews, by age | 42,378 |
| 49 | 45.86 | 44.88 | 45.37 | All interviews, by age | 42,564 |
| 50 | 43.78 | 42.90 | 43.34 | All interviews, by age | 59,277 |
| 51 | 45.16 | 44.17 | 44.66 | All interviews, by age | 43,409 |
| 52 | 44.27 | 43.36 | 43.82 | All interviews, by age | 52,483 |
| 53 | 44.61 | 43.68 | 44.14 | All interviews, by age | 49,715 |
| 54 | 43.44 | 42.55 | 42.99 | All interviews, by age | 50,958 |
| 55 | 42 | 41.18 | 41.59 | All interviews, by age | 56,778 |
| 56 | 41.92 | 41.02 | 41.47 | All interviews, by age | 51,513 |
| 57 | 41.04 | 40.17 | 40.61 | All interviews, by age | 52,848 |
| 58 | 40.21 | 39.31 | 39.76 | All interviews, by age | 54,058 |
| 59 | 38.88 | 38.02 | 38.45 | All interviews, by age | 53,028 |
| 60 | 36.30 | 35.47 | 35.88 | All interviews, by age | 65,039 |
| 61 | 35.63 | 34.67 | 35.15 | All interviews, by age | 50,826 |
| 62 | 33.38 | 32.48 | 32.93 | All interviews, by age | 60,276 |
| 63 | 32.23 | 31.36 | 31.80 | All interviews, by age | 52,997 |
| 64 | 30.20 | 29.39 | 29.79 | All interviews, by age | 53,732 |
| 65 | 27.41 | 26.56 | 26.98 | All interviews, by age | 62,199 |
| 66 | 26.22 | 25.37 | 25.79 | All interviews, by age | 50,147 |
| 67 | 25.36 | 24.44 | 24.90 | All interviews, by age | 50,933 |
| 68 | 23.94 | 23.06 | 23.50 | All interviews, by age | 48,661 |
| 69 | 23.29 | 22.39 | 22.84 | All interviews, by age | 43,876 |
| 70 | 22 | 21.30 | 21.65 | All interviews, by age | 53,287 |
| 71 | 21.72 | 20.84 | 21.28 | All interviews, by age | 38,553 |
| 72 | 21.21 | 20.41 | 20.81 | All interviews, by age | 41,693 |
| 73 | 20.79 | 19.93 | 20.36 | All interviews, by age | 37,746 |
| 74 | 20.65 | 19.79 | 20.22 | All interviews, by age | 34,729 |
| 75 | 19.90 | 19.06 | 19.48 | All interviews, by age | 37,917 |
| 76 | 19.96 | 19.02 | 19.49 | All interviews, by age | 30,825 |
| 77 | 20.22 | 19.24 | 19.73 | All interviews, by age | 30,161 |
| 78 | 19.32 | 18.39 | 18.86 | All interviews, by age | 29,100 |
| 79 | 19.14 | 18.16 | 18.65 | All interviews, by age | 25,570 |
| 80 | 18.45 | 17.53 | 17.99 | All interviews, by age | 31,115 |
| 81 | 18.65 | 17.62 | 18.14 | All interviews, by age | 22,419 |
| 82 | 18 | 17.01 | 17.50 | All interviews, by age | 22,663 |
| 83 | 18.22 | 17.13 | 17.68 | All interviews, by age | 20,214 |
| 84 | 17.62 | 16.55 | 17.08 | All interviews, by age | 17,771 |
| 85 | 17.44 | 16.34 | 16.89 | All interviews, by age | 17,078 |
| 86 | 17.24 | 15.88 | 16.56 | All interviews, by age | 13,037 |
| 87 | 16.66 | 15.29 | 15.97 | All interviews, by age | 11,068 |
| 88 | 16.03 | 14.62 | 15.32 | All interviews, by age | 9,776 |
| 89 | 16.60 | 14.80 | 15.70 | All interviews, by age | 6,814 |
| 90 | 15.78 | 14.09 | 14.93 | All interviews, by age | 6,396 |
| 91 | 14.95 | 12.67 | 13.81 | All interviews, by age | 3,896 |
| 92 | 15.09 | 12.60 | 13.84 | All interviews, by age | 3,106 |
| 93 | 15.41 | 12.20 | 13.80 | All interviews, by age | 2,050 |
| 94 | 13.64 | 10.18 | 11.91 | All interviews, by age | 1,444 |

#### Table 6.3. Physical pain

Physical pain among people born in 1950 to 1959 changed by +5.9 points between 2009 and 2017, against +5.1 points among all adults at ages 50 to 67 and 0.0 points across the same ages in 2009

Share of adults who reported physical pain during a lot of the day yesterday for six birth cohorts in each interview year from 2008 to 2017, and for all interviews by year of age

| age | conf_high | conf_low | estimate | group | n |
| ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- | ---: |
| 73.20 | 24.88 | 24.04 | 24.46 | Born 1930 to 1939 | 45,858 |
| 74.10 | 25.69 | 24.84 | 25.26 | Born 1930 to 1939 | 48,518 |
| 75.20 | 25.60 | 24.73 | 25.16 | Born 1930 to 1939 | 47,189 |
| 76.10 | 26.12 | 25.22 | 25.67 | Born 1930 to 1939 | 43,121 |
| 77.10 | 26.41 | 25.53 | 25.97 | Born 1930 to 1939 | 41,386 |
| 78 | 26.46 | 25.11 | 25.78 | Born 1930 to 1939 | 17,139 |
| 78.80 | 28.06 | 26.69 | 27.37 | Born 1930 to 1939 | 17,516 |
| 79.90 | 27.52 | 26.13 | 26.82 | Born 1930 to 1939 | 16,024 |
| 80.80 | 28.56 | 26.99 | 27.77 | Born 1930 to 1939 | 14,382 |
| 81.70 | 30.53 | 28.76 | 29.64 | Born 1930 to 1939 | 10,589 |
| 63.20 | 26.74 | 25.88 | 26.31 | Born 1940 to 1949 | 69,474 |
| 64.10 | 26.66 | 25.86 | 26.26 | Born 1940 to 1949 | 72,179 |
| 65.30 | 27.04 | 26.18 | 26.61 | Born 1940 to 1949 | 72,272 |
| 66.20 | 27.31 | 26.51 | 26.91 | Born 1940 to 1949 | 68,891 |
| 67.20 | 26.77 | 25.90 | 26.34 | Born 1940 to 1949 | 69,645 |
| 68 | 27.15 | 26.09 | 26.62 | Born 1940 to 1949 | 32,433 |
| 69 | 27.68 | 26.58 | 27.13 | Born 1940 to 1949 | 32,925 |
| 70.10 | 28.32 | 27.27 | 27.80 | Born 1940 to 1949 | 32,304 |
| 71 | 28.19 | 27.14 | 27.67 | Born 1940 to 1949 | 31,270 |
| 71.90 | 31.95 | 30.69 | 31.32 | Born 1940 to 1949 | 25,043 |
| 53.50 | 25.88 | 24.99 | 25.44 | Born 1950 to 1959 | 76,023 |
| 54.50 | 27.20 | 26.24 | 26.72 | Born 1950 to 1959 | 74,452 |
| 55.70 | 28.13 | 27.14 | 27.64 | Born 1950 to 1959 | 73,850 |
| 56.60 | 28.55 | 27.62 | 28.08 | Born 1950 to 1959 | 71,280 |
| 57.60 | 28.30 | 27.37 | 27.83 | Born 1950 to 1959 | 72,546 |
| 58.60 | 30.65 | 29.46 | 30.05 | Born 1950 to 1959 | 36,103 |
| 59.50 | 31.01 | 29.81 | 30.41 | Born 1950 to 1959 | 35,677 |
| 60.70 | 30.48 | 29.28 | 29.88 | Born 1950 to 1959 | 35,475 |
| 61.60 | 29.90 | 28.77 | 29.34 | Born 1950 to 1959 | 35,949 |
| 62.50 | 33.22 | 31.94 | 32.58 | Born 1950 to 1959 | 31,405 |
| 43.80 | 20.99 | 20.09 | 20.54 | Born 1960 to 1969 | 59,244 |
| 44.70 | 22.08 | 21.20 | 21.64 | Born 1960 to 1969 | 56,561 |
| 46 | 23.09 | 22.12 | 22.60 | Born 1960 to 1969 | 55,851 |
| 46.90 | 24.20 | 23.23 | 23.72 | Born 1960 to 1969 | 54,985 |
| 48 | 24.66 | 23.59 | 24.13 | Born 1960 to 1969 | 55,019 |
| 48.90 | 26.41 | 25.17 | 25.79 | Born 1960 to 1969 | 28,607 |
| 49.80 | 26.75 | 25.38 | 26.07 | Born 1960 to 1969 | 28,269 |
| 50.90 | 27.87 | 26.50 | 27.19 | Born 1960 to 1969 | 27,720 |
| 51.80 | 27.56 | 26.21 | 26.89 | Born 1960 to 1969 | 29,098 |
| 52.70 | 30.77 | 29.32 | 30.04 | Born 1960 to 1969 | 26,619 |
| 33.90 | 16.58 | 15.82 | 16.20 | Born 1970 to 1979 | 42,416 |
| 34.80 | 18 | 17.13 | 17.56 | Born 1970 to 1979 | 39,061 |
| 36 | 17.97 | 17.08 | 17.53 | Born 1970 to 1979 | 38,777 |
| 36.70 | 18.87 | 17.95 | 18.41 | Born 1970 to 1979 | 39,774 |
| 37.80 | 19.06 | 18.01 | 18.54 | Born 1970 to 1979 | 39,411 |
| 38.70 | 20.73 | 19.54 | 20.13 | Born 1970 to 1979 | 21,485 |
| 39.60 | 21.37 | 20.11 | 20.74 | Born 1970 to 1979 | 20,414 |
| 40.70 | 22.04 | 20.71 | 21.37 | Born 1970 to 1979 | 19,617 |
| 41.70 | 21.72 | 20.34 | 21.03 | Born 1970 to 1979 | 21,548 |
| 42.60 | 24.43 | 23.01 | 23.72 | Born 1970 to 1979 | 20,663 |
| 24 | 16.49 | 15.52 | 16 | Born 1980 to 1989 | 25,759 |
| 24.90 | 16.45 | 15.52 | 15.99 | Born 1980 to 1989 | 24,888 |
| 25.90 | 16.22 | 15.26 | 15.74 | Born 1980 to 1989 | 26,168 |
| 26.60 | 17.15 | 16.29 | 16.72 | Born 1980 to 1989 | 34,879 |
| 27.60 | 16.91 | 15.87 | 16.39 | Born 1980 to 1989 | 36,016 |
| 28.60 | 17.57 | 16.36 | 16.96 | Born 1980 to 1989 | 20,796 |
| 29.60 | 17.97 | 16.82 | 17.40 | Born 1980 to 1989 | 19,556 |
| 30.60 | 17.88 | 16.64 | 17.26 | Born 1980 to 1989 | 18,854 |
| 31.60 | 18.60 | 17.45 | 18.03 | Born 1980 to 1989 | 20,536 |
| 32.50 | 20.84 | 19.46 | 20.15 | Born 1980 to 1989 | 21,139 |
| 18 | 14.98 | 14.21 | 14.59 | All interviews, by age | 28,574 |
| 19 | 15.53 | 14.63 | 15.08 | All interviews, by age | 23,261 |
| 20 | 16.19 | 15.21 | 15.70 | All interviews, by age | 23,027 |
| 21 | 16.13 | 15.12 | 15.63 | All interviews, by age | 23,787 |
| 22 | 16.41 | 15.39 | 15.90 | All interviews, by age | 22,818 |
| 23 | 16.14 | 15.11 | 15.62 | All interviews, by age | 23,611 |
| 24 | 16.64 | 15.58 | 16.11 | All interviews, by age | 23,454 |
| 25 | 16.70 | 15.67 | 16.19 | All interviews, by age | 26,046 |
| 26 | 16.59 | 15.54 | 16.06 | All interviews, by age | 23,861 |
| 27 | 17.39 | 16.33 | 16.86 | All interviews, by age | 24,770 |
| 28 | 17.06 | 16.09 | 16.57 | All interviews, by age | 26,621 |
| 29 | 17.21 | 16.22 | 16.71 | All interviews, by age | 25,890 |
| 30 | 17.31 | 16.36 | 16.83 | All interviews, by age | 31,454 |
| 31 | 17.80 | 16.70 | 17.25 | All interviews, by age | 25,454 |
| 32 | 18.09 | 17.13 | 17.61 | All interviews, by age | 29,622 |
| 33 | 18.26 | 17.22 | 17.74 | All interviews, by age | 27,400 |
| 34 | 18.09 | 17.06 | 17.58 | All interviews, by age | 27,960 |
| 35 | 18.25 | 17.28 | 17.76 | All interviews, by age | 32,611 |
| 36 | 18.91 | 17.90 | 18.41 | All interviews, by age | 28,995 |
| 37 | 19.27 | 18.28 | 18.77 | All interviews, by age | 30,039 |
| 38 | 19.02 | 18.07 | 18.55 | All interviews, by age | 31,640 |
| 39 | 19.61 | 18.53 | 19.07 | All interviews, by age | 30,629 |
| 40 | 19.67 | 18.74 | 19.20 | All interviews, by age | 40,310 |
| 41 | 20.37 | 19.32 | 19.85 | All interviews, by age | 30,012 |
| 42 | 20.76 | 19.73 | 20.25 | All interviews, by age | 37,134 |
| 43 | 21.82 | 20.81 | 21.31 | All interviews, by age | 34,706 |
| 44 | 22.33 | 21.17 | 21.75 | All interviews, by age | 34,244 |
| 45 | 22.23 | 21.19 | 21.71 | All interviews, by age | 41,586 |
| 46 | 23.47 | 22.41 | 22.94 | All interviews, by age | 38,198 |
| 47 | 24.38 | 23.27 | 23.83 | All interviews, by age | 41,474 |
| 48 | 25.31 | 24.25 | 24.78 | All interviews, by age | 42,376 |
| 49 | 25.66 | 24.59 | 25.12 | All interviews, by age | 42,562 |
| 50 | 25.61 | 24.57 | 25.09 | All interviews, by age | 59,291 |
| 51 | 27.47 | 26.29 | 26.88 | All interviews, by age | 43,410 |
| 52 | 26.88 | 25.80 | 26.34 | All interviews, by age | 52,500 |
| 53 | 28.15 | 27.05 | 27.60 | All interviews, by age | 49,738 |
| 54 | 28.39 | 27.34 | 27.86 | All interviews, by age | 50,954 |
| 55 | 28.16 | 27.12 | 27.64 | All interviews, by age | 56,786 |
| 56 | 29.02 | 27.98 | 28.50 | All interviews, by age | 51,524 |
| 57 | 29.27 | 28.22 | 28.74 | All interviews, by age | 52,831 |
| 58 | 29.50 | 28.51 | 29 | All interviews, by age | 54,069 |
| 59 | 29.48 | 28.46 | 28.97 | All interviews, by age | 53,045 |
| 60 | 28.67 | 27.69 | 28.18 | All interviews, by age | 65,070 |
| 61 | 29.39 | 28.40 | 28.90 | All interviews, by age | 50,842 |
| 62 | 29.29 | 28.36 | 28.83 | All interviews, by age | 60,276 |
| 63 | 29.33 | 28.37 | 28.85 | All interviews, by age | 53,010 |
| 64 | 28.36 | 27.42 | 27.89 | All interviews, by age | 53,742 |
| 65 | 26.96 | 26.07 | 26.51 | All interviews, by age | 62,191 |
| 66 | 27.15 | 26.26 | 26.71 | All interviews, by age | 50,128 |
| 67 | 27.40 | 26.52 | 26.96 | All interviews, by age | 50,937 |
| 68 | 26.92 | 25.96 | 26.44 | All interviews, by age | 48,643 |
| 69 | 27.01 | 26.08 | 26.54 | All interviews, by age | 43,860 |
| 70 | 25.76 | 24.88 | 25.32 | All interviews, by age | 53,255 |
| 71 | 26.55 | 25.59 | 26.07 | All interviews, by age | 38,542 |
| 72 | 26.42 | 25.46 | 25.94 | All interviews, by age | 41,689 |
| 73 | 26.54 | 25.59 | 26.07 | All interviews, by age | 37,738 |
| 74 | 26.55 | 25.54 | 26.04 | All interviews, by age | 34,693 |
| 75 | 26.47 | 25.54 | 26.01 | All interviews, by age | 37,873 |
| 76 | 27.11 | 26.11 | 26.61 | All interviews, by age | 30,802 |
| 77 | 27.23 | 26.15 | 26.69 | All interviews, by age | 30,148 |
| 78 | 26.90 | 25.84 | 26.37 | All interviews, by age | 29,063 |
| 79 | 27.05 | 25.91 | 26.48 | All interviews, by age | 25,544 |
| 80 | 25.98 | 24.98 | 25.48 | All interviews, by age | 31,099 |
| 81 | 27.08 | 25.88 | 26.48 | All interviews, by age | 22,405 |
| 82 | 27.61 | 26.41 | 27.01 | All interviews, by age | 22,630 |
| 83 | 27.75 | 26.48 | 27.12 | All interviews, by age | 20,190 |
| 84 | 27.44 | 26.10 | 26.77 | All interviews, by age | 17,760 |
| 85 | 27.04 | 25.74 | 26.39 | All interviews, by age | 17,070 |
| 86 | 27.71 | 26.23 | 26.97 | All interviews, by age | 13,006 |
| 87 | 28.73 | 27.05 | 27.89 | All interviews, by age | 11,042 |
| 88 | 26.85 | 25.16 | 26.01 | All interviews, by age | 9,766 |
| 89 | 27.81 | 25.54 | 26.67 | All interviews, by age | 6,827 |
| 90 | 25.95 | 23.82 | 24.89 | All interviews, by age | 6,381 |
| 91 | 27.16 | 24.38 | 25.77 | All interviews, by age | 3,896 |
| 92 | 27.92 | 24.78 | 26.35 | All interviews, by age | 3,101 |
| 93 | 26.80 | 23.17 | 24.99 | All interviews, by age | 2,045 |
| 94 | 26.09 | 21.57 | 23.83 | All interviews, by age | 1,448 |

Note: A cohort is the interview year minus age, in groups of ten birth years. The cohorts shown were aged 18 to 94 in every interview year from 2008 to 2017; cohorts born before 1930 leave the age range and those born after 1989 enter it, so they are left out. The comparison of the 1950 to 1959 cohort starts in 2009 for every measure, because the ladder of 2008 is not used.

Note: The comparison group is all adults at ages 50 to 67, averaging the change at each single year of age, because the interview sample was younger in 2017 (mean age 52.3) than in 2009 (55.1), and a younger sample would bias a change in all adults. All adults include the cohort itself, and the correction cannot separate aging from the changes that affected every age.

Note: The ladder of 2008 is not used. Political questions that came before the ladder lowered it in 2008 and in the first months of 2009, and the extract has no interview month, so early 2009 interviews may carry part of the effect. Scores averaged 6.69 in 2008 and 7.03 in 2009, and the 2009 minus 2008 difference is between 0.29 and 0.38 ladder points in every age band.

Note: Gallup's extract has no survey weights, so every estimate is unweighted and levels can differ from the weighted figures Gallup publishes. County comes from the respondent's ZIP code and is approximate near county lines.

Source: Gallup U.S. Daily, ladder 2009-2017 and feelings 2008-2017; unweighted, intervals clustered by county

Data: https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/report/well-being-across-the-life-span/figures/cohort_lines.json

## All estimates

Every fact in facts.json (151), sorted by id.

| Fact id | Value | Unit | Estimand | Population | Period | Interval | n | Weights | Source | Note |
| --- | ---: | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---: | --- | --- | --- |
| age_18 | 18 | years of age | definition used in this chapter, not an estimate | an age used in this chapter | ladder interviews in 2009 to 2017 and feelings interviews in 2008 to 2017 |   |   | none (definition) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| age_20 | 20 | years of age | definition used in this chapter, not an estimate | an age used in this chapter | ladder interviews in 2009 to 2017 and feelings interviews in 2008 to 2017 |   |   | none (definition) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| age_25 | 25 | years of age | definition used in this chapter, not an estimate | an age used in this chapter | ladder interviews in 2009 to 2017 and feelings interviews in 2008 to 2017 |   |   | none (definition) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| age_46 | 46 | years of age | definition used in this chapter, not an estimate | an age used in this chapter | ladder interviews in 2009 to 2017 and feelings interviews in 2008 to 2017 |   |   | none (definition) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| age_56 | 56 | years of age | definition used in this chapter, not an estimate | an age used in this chapter | ladder interviews in 2009 to 2017 and feelings interviews in 2008 to 2017 |   |   | none (definition) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| age_94 | 94 | years of age | definition used in this chapter, not an estimate | an age used in this chapter | ladder interviews in 2009 to 2017 and feelings interviews in 2008 to 2017 |   |   | none (definition) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| anger_1824 | 16.5% | percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday | unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 18 to 24), anger | interviews in 2008 to 2013 and 2016 | 95% CI 16.3% to 16.8% | 125,886 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| anger_7594 | 6.2% | percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday | unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 75 to 94), anger | interviews in 2008 to 2013 and 2016 | 95% CI 6.0% to 6.3% | 276,770 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| band_1824 | 18 to 24 | years of age | definition used in this chapter, not an estimate | an age group of adults defined in this chapter | ladder interviews in 2009 to 2017 and feelings interviews in 2008 to 2017 |   |   | none (definition) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| band_2534 | 25 to 34 | years of age | definition used in this chapter, not an estimate | an age group of adults defined in this chapter | ladder interviews in 2009 to 2017 and feelings interviews in 2008 to 2017 |   |   | none (definition) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| band_3544 | 35 to 44 | years of age | definition used in this chapter, not an estimate | an age group of adults defined in this chapter | ladder interviews in 2009 to 2017 and feelings interviews in 2008 to 2017 |   |   | none (definition) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| band_4554 | 45 to 54 | years of age | definition used in this chapter, not an estimate | an age group of adults defined in this chapter | ladder interviews in 2009 to 2017 and feelings interviews in 2008 to 2017 |   |   | none (definition) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| band_5564 | 55 to 64 | years of age | definition used in this chapter, not an estimate | an age group of adults defined in this chapter | ladder interviews in 2009 to 2017 and feelings interviews in 2008 to 2017 |   |   | none (definition) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| band_7594 | 75 to 94 | years of age | definition used in this chapter, not an estimate | an age group of adults defined in this chapter | ladder interviews in 2009 to 2017 and feelings interviews in 2008 to 2017 |   |   | none (definition) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| coh_ages_end | 58 to 67 | years of age | definition used in this chapter, not an estimate | an age group defined in this chapter: the ages of people born in 1950 to 1959 in 2017 | 2017 |   |   | none (definition) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| coh_ages_start | 50 to 59 | years of age | definition used in this chapter, not an estimate | an age group defined in this chapter: the ages of people born in 1950 to 1959 in 2009 | 2009 |   |   | none (definition) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| coh_cross_ladder | +0.28 | ladder points | unweighted mean at ages 58 to 67 minus unweighted mean at ages 50 to 59 among people interviewed in 2009, interval from a bootstrap over counties | adults aged 50 to 67 interviewed in 2009 | 2009 | 95% CI 0.26 to 0.30 | 128,524 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| coh_cross_pain | 0.0 | percentage points | unweighted mean at ages 58 to 67 minus unweighted mean at ages 50 to 59 among people interviewed in 2009, interval from a bootstrap over counties | adults aged 50 to 67 interviewed in 2009 | 2009 | 95% CI −0.4 to 0.4 | 150,105 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| coh_cross_stress | −10.6 | percentage points | unweighted mean at ages 58 to 67 minus unweighted mean at ages 50 to 59 among people interviewed in 2009, interval from a bootstrap over counties | adults aged 50 to 67 interviewed in 2009 | 2009 | 95% CI −11.1 to −10.1 | 150,096 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| coh_net_ladder | +0.22 | ladder points | change in the cohort's unweighted mean between 2009 and 2017 minus the age-standardized change among all adults at ages 50 to 67, interval from a bootstrap over counties | adults born in 1950 to 1959, interviewed in 2009 and 2017 | 2009 and 2017 | 95% CI 0.20 to 0.24 | 94,948 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| coh_net_pain | +0.8 | percentage points | change in the cohort's unweighted mean between 2009 and 2017 minus the age-standardized change among all adults at ages 50 to 67, interval from a bootstrap over counties | adults born in 1950 to 1959, interviewed in 2009 and 2017 | 2009 and 2017 | 95% CI 0.3 to 1.2 | 105,857 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| coh_net_stress | −9.6 | percentage points | change in the cohort's unweighted mean between 2009 and 2017 minus the age-standardized change among all adults at ages 50 to 67, interval from a bootstrap over counties | adults born in 1950 to 1959, interviewed in 2009 and 2017 | 2009 and 2017 | 95% CI −10.1 to −9.1 | 105,870 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| coh_period_ladder | +0.19 | ladder points | age-standardized change among all adults: the mean over the single years of age 50 to 67 of the unweighted mean in 2017 minus the unweighted mean in 2009 at that age, interval from a bootstrap over counties | adults aged 50 to 67 interviewed in 2009 and 2017 | 2009 and 2017 | 95% CI 0.17 to 0.21 | 169,188 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| coh_period_pain | +5.1 | percentage points | age-standardized change among all adults: the mean over the single years of age 50 to 67 of the unweighted mean in 2017 minus the unweighted mean in 2009 at that age, interval from a bootstrap over counties | adults aged 50 to 67 interviewed in 2009 and 2017 | 2009 and 2017 | 95% CI 4.6 to 5.6 | 188,628 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| coh_period_stress | +1.7 | percentage points | age-standardized change among all adults: the mean over the single years of age 50 to 67 of the unweighted mean in 2017 minus the unweighted mean in 2009 at that age, interval from a bootstrap over counties | adults aged 50 to 67 interviewed in 2009 and 2017 | 2009 and 2017 | 95% CI 1.3 to 2.2 | 188,623 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| coh_std_ages | 50 to 67 | years of age | definition used in this chapter, not an estimate | the ages the 1950 to 1959 cohort passes through between 2009 and 2017 | interviews in 2009 and 2017 |   |   | none (definition) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| coh_within_ladder | +0.41 | ladder points | unweighted mean in 2017 minus unweighted mean in 2009 among people born in 1950 to 1959, interval from a bootstrap over counties | adults born in 1950 to 1959, interviewed in 2009 and 2017 | 2009 and 2017 | 95% CI 0.39 to 0.44 | 94,948 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| coh_within_pain | +5.9 | percentage points | unweighted mean in 2017 minus unweighted mean in 2009 among people born in 1950 to 1959, interval from a bootstrap over counties | adults born in 1950 to 1959, interviewed in 2009 and 2017 | 2009 and 2017 | 95% CI 5.3 to 6.5 | 105,857 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| coh_within_stress | −7.9 | percentage points | unweighted mean in 2017 minus unweighted mean in 2009 among people born in 1950 to 1959, interval from a bootstrap over counties | adults born in 1950 to 1959, interviewed in 2009 and 2017 | 2009 and 2017 | 95% CI −8.5 to −7.2 | 105,870 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| enjoy_1824 | 88.3% | percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday | unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 18 to 24), enjoyment | interviews in 2008 to 2017 | 95% CI 88.1% to 88.6% | 168,459 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| enjoy_4554 | 82.6% | percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday | unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 45 to 54), enjoyment | interviews in 2008 to 2017 | 95% CI 82.4% to 82.8% | 461,521 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| enjoy_7594 | 88.5% | percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday | unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 75 to 94), enjoyment | interviews in 2008 to 2017 | 95% CI 88.3% to 88.7% | 341,222 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| enjoy_inc_high_4554 | 87.6% | percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday | unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known with household income $90,000 or more (age 45 to 54), enjoyment | interviews in 2009 to 2014 | 95% CI 87.3% to 87.9% | 79,707 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| enjoy_inc_low_4554 | 72.7% | percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday | unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known with household income Under $36,000 (age 45 to 54), enjoyment | interviews in 2009 to 2014 | 95% CI 72.3% to 73.0% | 76,974 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| enjoy_low | 52 | years of age | age of the lowest point of the five-year moving average of the share reporting the feeling by year of age (ages 20 to 92 searched, refined between whole years by a parabola), interval from a bootstrap over counties | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known, enjoyment | interviews in 2008 to 2017 | 95% CI 52 to 53 | 2,581,678 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| fall_adj | −0.32 | ladder points, later age band minus earlier age band | mean of the ladder profile at ages 45 to 54 minus the mean at ages 25 to 34, each year of age weighted by its number of interviews (a raw profile gives the difference of the two band means), interval from a bootstrap over counties; adjusted for sex, marital status, education, household income and survey year | adults with a ladder score, sex, marital status, education and household income | interviews in 2009 to 2014 | 95% CI −0.33 to −0.30 | 1,355,746 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| fall_all | −0.15 | ladder points, later age band minus earlier age band | mean of the ladder profile at ages 45 to 54 minus the mean at ages 25 to 34, each year of age weighted by its number of interviews (a raw profile gives the difference of the two band means), interval from a bootstrap over counties | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known | interviews in 2009 to 2017 | 95% CI −0.16 to −0.13 | 2,180,433 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| fall_cc_raw | −0.20 | ladder points, later age band minus earlier age band | mean of the ladder profile at ages 45 to 54 minus the mean at ages 25 to 34, each year of age weighted by its number of interviews (a raw profile gives the difference of the two band means), interval from a bootstrap over counties | adults with a ladder score, sex, marital status, education and household income | interviews in 2009 to 2014 | 95% CI −0.22 to −0.19 | 1,355,746 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| fall_inc_high | −0.05 | ladder points, later age band minus earlier age band | mean of the ladder profile at ages 45 to 54 minus the mean at ages 25 to 34, each year of age weighted by its number of interviews (a raw profile gives the difference of the two band means), interval from a bootstrap over counties | adults with a ladder score and household income $90,000 or more | interviews in 2009 to 2014 | 95% CI −0.07 to −0.03 | 310,559 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| fall_inc_high_late | +0.09 | ladder points, later age band minus earlier age band | mean of the ladder profile at ages 45 to 54 minus the mean at ages 25 to 34, each year of age weighted by its number of interviews (a raw profile gives the difference of the two band means), interval from a bootstrap over counties | adults with a ladder score and household income $90,000 or more | interviews in 2015 to 2017 | 95% CI 0.06 to 0.12 | 139,811 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| fall_inc_low | −0.59 | ladder points, later age band minus earlier age band | mean of the ladder profile at ages 45 to 54 minus the mean at ages 25 to 34, each year of age weighted by its number of interviews (a raw profile gives the difference of the two band means), interval from a bootstrap over counties | adults with a ladder score and household income Under $36,000 | interviews in 2009 to 2014 | 95% CI −0.62 to −0.56 | 485,159 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| fall_inc_mid | −0.27 | ladder points, later age band minus earlier age band | mean of the ladder profile at ages 45 to 54 minus the mean at ages 25 to 34, each year of age weighted by its number of interviews (a raw profile gives the difference of the two band means), interval from a bootstrap over counties | adults with a ladder score and household income $36,000 to $89,999 | interviews in 2009 to 2014 | 95% CI −0.29 to −0.26 | 567,870 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| fall_marital | −0.23 | ladder points, later age band minus earlier age band | mean of the ladder profile at ages 45 to 54 minus the mean at ages 25 to 34, each year of age weighted by its number of interviews (a raw profile gives the difference of the two band means), interval from a bootstrap over counties; adjusted for marital status only | adults with a ladder score, sex, marital status, education and household income | interviews in 2009 to 2014 | 95% CI −0.25 to −0.22 | 1,355,746 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| fall_place_least | −0.11 | ladder points, later age band minus earlier age band | mean of the ladder profile at ages 45 to 54 minus the mean at ages 25 to 34, each year of age weighted by its number of interviews (a raw profile gives the difference of the two band means), interval from a bootstrap over counties | adults with a ladder score in the least deprived third of interviews by county Area Deprivation Index | interviews in 2009 to 2017 | 95% CI −0.14 to −0.09 | 718,005 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| fall_place_most | −0.17 | ladder points, later age band minus earlier age band | mean of the ladder profile at ages 45 to 54 minus the mean at ages 25 to 34, each year of age weighted by its number of interviews (a raw profile gives the difference of the two band means), interval from a bootstrap over counties | adults with a ladder score in the most deprived third of interviews by county Area Deprivation Index | interviews in 2009 to 2017 | 95% CI −0.19 to −0.15 | 731,406 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| fb_decline_age | 75 | years of age | approximate age around which happiness declines in the fixed-effects results of Frijters and Beatton (2012), as stated in the abstract of the paper | adults in the German Socio-Economic Panel, the British Household Panel Survey and the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey | panel waves analyzed by Frijters and Beatton (2012) |   |   | none (published estimate) | Published estimates from cited studies | Quoted from the abstract of the paper, which gives approximate ages. |
| fb_rise_age | 60 | years of age | approximate age around which happiness rises in the fixed-effects results of Frijters and Beatton (2012), as stated in the abstract of the paper | adults in the German Socio-Economic Panel, the British Household Panel Survey and the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey | panel waves analyzed by Frijters and Beatton (2012) |   |   | none (published estimate) | Published estimates from cited studies | Quoted from the abstract of the paper, which gives approximate ages. |
| feel_gap_2008_max | −1.6 | percentage points, 2008 minus 2009 | unweighted difference in the share reporting the feeling between 2008 and 2009, for the feeling with the largest absolute difference of the seven, interval clustered by county | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup in 2008 or 2009 who answered the item (worry) | 2008 and 2009 | 95% CI −1.8 to −1.3 | 696,084 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| flat_range | 0.06 | ladder points | difference between the highest and the lowest value of the five-year moving average of the raw mean ladder score at ages 46 to 56 | adults with a ladder score, sex, marital status, education and household income | interviews in 2009 to 2014 |   | 1,355,746 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| gap2008_hi | 0.38 | ladder points, 2009 minus 2008 | unweighted difference between the mean ladder score in 2009 and in 2008 within the age band with the largest difference of the seven bands, interval clustered by county | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup in 2008 or 2009 who answered the ladder (the age band with the largest difference) | 2008 and 2009 | 95% CI 0.35 to 0.41 | 106,145 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| gap2008_lo | 0.29 | ladder points, 2009 minus 2008 | unweighted difference between the mean ladder score in 2009 and in 2008 within the age band with the smallest difference of the seven bands, interval clustered by county | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup in 2008 or 2009 who answered the ladder (the age band with the smallest difference) | 2008 and 2009 | 95% CI 0.26 to 0.32 | 83,551 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| happy_1824 | 91.9% | percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday | unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 18 to 24), happiness | interviews in 2008 to 2016 | 95% CI 91.7% to 92.1% | 154,490 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| happy_4554 | 86.6% | percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday | unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 45 to 54), happiness | interviews in 2008 to 2016 | 95% CI 86.4% to 86.8% | 437,094 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| happy_7594 | 90.0% | percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday | unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 75 to 94), happiness | interviews in 2008 to 2016 | 95% CI 89.8% to 90.2% | 322,920 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| happy_low | 54 | years of age | age of the lowest point of the five-year moving average of the share reporting the feeling by year of age (ages 20 to 92 searched, refined between whole years by a parabola), interval from a bootstrap over counties | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known, happiness | interviews in 2008 to 2016 | 95% CI 54 to 56 | 2,424,735 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| high_share_2014 | 23% | percent of interviews that report a household income bracket | unweighted share reporting household income of $90,000 or more, interval clustered by county | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup in 2014 who report a household income bracket | 2014 | 95% CI 22% to 24% | 284,323 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| high_share_2017 | 35% | percent of interviews that report a household income bracket | unweighted share reporting household income of $90,000 or more, interval clustered by county | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup in 2017 who report a household income bracket | 2017 | 95% CI 34% to 36% | 287,211 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| inc_cut_high | $90,000 | dollars of annual household income, as reported in the year of the interview | definition used in this chapter, not an estimate (Gallup's harmonized brackets, not adjusted for inflation) | the lower limit of the highest household income group | interviews in 2009 to 2014 |   |   | none (definition) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| inc_cut_low | $36,000 | dollars of annual household income, as reported in the year of the interview | definition used in this chapter, not an estimate (Gallup's harmonized brackets, not adjusted for inflation) | the upper limit of the lowest household income group | interviews in 2009 to 2014 |   |   | none (definition) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| income_known_share | 81% | percent of interviews with a household income bracket | share of interviews that report a household income bracket (unweighted count) | Gallup interviews of adults aged 18 to 94 with a known county | interviews in 2009 to 2014 |   | 1,691,589 respondents | none (unweighted count) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| ladder_18_24 | 7.03 | Cantril ladder score (0 worst possible life, 10 best possible life) | unweighted mean of the 0 to 10 ladder score, interval clustered by the respondent's county | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 18 to 24) | interviews in 2009 to 2017 | 95% CI 7.02 to 7.05 | 149,624 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| ladder_25_34 | 6.99 | Cantril ladder score (0 worst possible life, 10 best possible life) | unweighted mean of the 0 to 10 ladder score, interval clustered by the respondent's county | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 25 to 34) | interviews in 2009 to 2017 | 95% CI 6.97 to 7.00 | 229,054 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| ladder_4554_least | 6.94 | Cantril ladder score (0 worst possible life, 10 best possible life) | unweighted mean of the 0 to 10 ladder score, interval clustered by the respondent's county | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known in the least deprived third of interviews by county Area Deprivation Index (age 45 to 54) | interviews in 2009 to 2017 | 95% CI 6.90 to 6.97 | 128,209 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| ladder_4554_most | 6.73 | Cantril ladder score (0 worst possible life, 10 best possible life) | unweighted mean of the 0 to 10 ladder score, interval clustered by the respondent's county | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known in the most deprived third of interviews by county Area Deprivation Index (age 45 to 54) | interviews in 2009 to 2017 | 95% CI 6.71 to 6.75 | 125,537 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| ladder_45_54 | 6.84 | Cantril ladder score (0 worst possible life, 10 best possible life) | unweighted mean of the 0 to 10 ladder score, interval clustered by the respondent's county | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 45 to 54) | interviews in 2009 to 2017 | 95% CI 6.82 to 6.86 | 380,027 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| ladder_75_94 | 7.38 | Cantril ladder score (0 worst possible life, 10 best possible life) | unweighted mean of the 0 to 10 ladder score, interval clustered by the respondent's county | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 75 to 94) | interviews in 2009 to 2017 | 95% CI 7.37 to 7.39 | 289,487 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| ladder_at_18 | 7.25 | Cantril ladder score (0 worst possible life, 10 best possible life) | unweighted mean of the 0 to 10 ladder score, interval clustered by the respondent's county | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 18) | interviews in 2009 to 2017 | 95% CI 7.23 to 7.28 | 25,104 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| ladder_at_25 | 6.93 | Cantril ladder score (0 worst possible life, 10 best possible life) | unweighted mean of the 0 to 10 ladder score, interval clustered by the respondent's county | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 25) | interviews in 2009 to 2017 | 95% CI 6.91 to 6.96 | 22,756 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| ladder_inc_high_2534 | 7.50 | Cantril ladder score (0 worst possible life, 10 best possible life) | unweighted mean of the 0 to 10 ladder score, interval clustered by the respondent's county | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known with household income $90,000 or more (age 25 to 34) | interviews in 2009 to 2014 | 95% CI 7.48 to 7.52 | 28,340 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| ladder_inc_high_3544 | 7.51 | Cantril ladder score (0 worst possible life, 10 best possible life) | unweighted mean of the 0 to 10 ladder score, interval clustered by the respondent's county | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known with household income $90,000 or more (age 35 to 44) | interviews in 2009 to 2014 | 95% CI 7.50 to 7.53 | 55,787 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| ladder_inc_high_4554 | 7.45 | Cantril ladder score (0 worst possible life, 10 best possible life) | unweighted mean of the 0 to 10 ladder score, interval clustered by the respondent's county | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known with household income $90,000 or more (age 45 to 54) | interviews in 2009 to 2014 | 95% CI 7.43 to 7.46 | 77,234 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| ladder_inc_low_1824 | 6.85 | Cantril ladder score (0 worst possible life, 10 best possible life) | unweighted mean of the 0 to 10 ladder score, interval clustered by the respondent's county | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known with household income Under $36,000 (age 18 to 24) | interviews in 2009 to 2014 | 95% CI 6.83 to 6.88 | 45,506 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| ladder_inc_low_4554 | 5.89 | Cantril ladder score (0 worst possible life, 10 best possible life) | unweighted mean of the 0 to 10 ladder score, interval clustered by the respondent's county | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known with household income Under $36,000 (age 45 to 54) | interviews in 2009 to 2014 | 95% CI 5.86 to 5.91 | 74,530 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| ladder_inc_low_7594 | 7.04 | Cantril ladder score (0 worst possible life, 10 best possible life) | unweighted mean of the 0 to 10 ladder score, interval clustered by the respondent's county | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known with household income Under $36,000 (age 75 to 94) | interviews in 2009 to 2014 | 95% CI 7.03 to 7.06 | 82,417 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| ladder_inc_mid_4554 | 6.86 | Cantril ladder score (0 worst possible life, 10 best possible life) | unweighted mean of the 0 to 10 ladder score, interval clustered by the respondent's county | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known with household income $36,000 to $89,999 (age 45 to 54) | interviews in 2009 to 2014 | 95% CI 6.85 to 6.88 | 104,462 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| ladder_share_2009 | 85% | percent of the year's interviews that carry a ladder score | share of the year's interviews with a ladder score (before any filter) | all Gallup interviews in 2009 | 2009 |   |   | none (unweighted count) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| ladder_share_late | 49% | percent of interviews that carry a ladder score | mean over the five years of the share of the year's interviews with a ladder score (before any filter) | all Gallup interviews from 2013 to 2017 | 2013 to 2017 |   |   | none (unweighted count) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| ladder_turn | 54 | years of age | age of the lowest point of the five-year moving average of the mean ladder score by year of age (ages 20 to 92 searched, refined between whole years by a parabola through the lowest point and its neighbours), interval from a bootstrap over counties | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known | interviews in 2009 to 2017 | 95% CI 51 to 54 | 2,180,433 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| ladder_year_2008 | 6.69 | Cantril ladder score (0 worst possible life, 10 best possible life) | unweighted mean of the 0 to 10 ladder score, interval clustered by the respondent's county (all ages; the 2008 value is shown to document the artifact and is not used elsewhere) | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the ladder and whose county is known | 2008 | 95% CI 6.68 to 6.71 | 346,485 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| ladder_year_2009 | 7.03 | Cantril ladder score (0 worst possible life, 10 best possible life) | unweighted mean of the 0 to 10 ladder score, interval clustered by the respondent's county (all ages; the 2008 value is shown to document the artifact and is not used elsewhere) | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the ladder and whose county is known | 2009 | 95% CI 7.02 to 7.04 | 296,836 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| mean_age_2009 | 55.1 | years of age | mean age of the interviews | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup in 2009 with a known county | 2009 |   |   | none (unweighted count) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| mean_age_2017 | 52.3 | years of age | mean age of the interviews | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup in 2017 with a known county | 2017 |   |   | none (unweighted count) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| midfall_inc_high | −0.07 | ladder points, later age band minus earlier age band | mean of the ladder profile at ages 45 to 54 minus the mean at ages 35 to 44, each year of age weighted by its number of interviews (a raw profile gives the difference of the two band means), interval from a bootstrap over counties | adults with a ladder score and household income $90,000 or more | interviews in 2009 to 2014 | 95% CI −0.08 to −0.05 | 310,559 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| midfall_inc_high_late | −0.02 | ladder points, later age band minus earlier age band | mean of the ladder profile at ages 45 to 54 minus the mean at ages 35 to 44, each year of age weighted by its number of interviews (a raw profile gives the difference of the two band means), interval from a bootstrap over counties | adults with a ladder score and household income $90,000 or more | interviews in 2015 to 2017 | 95% CI −0.04 to 0.01 | 139,811 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| midfall_inc_low | −0.27 | ladder points, later age band minus earlier age band | mean of the ladder profile at ages 45 to 54 minus the mean at ages 35 to 44, each year of age weighted by its number of interviews (a raw profile gives the difference of the two band means), interval from a bootstrap over counties | adults with a ladder score and household income Under $36,000 | interviews in 2009 to 2014 | 95% CI −0.30 to −0.24 | 485,159 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| midfall_inc_mid | −0.12 | ladder points, later age band minus earlier age band | mean of the ladder profile at ages 45 to 54 minus the mean at ages 35 to 44, each year of age weighted by its number of interviews (a raw profile gives the difference of the two band means), interval from a bootstrap over counties | adults with a ladder score and household income $36,000 to $89,999 | interviews in 2009 to 2014 | 95% CI −0.13 to −0.10 | 567,870 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| min_cell_income | 51 | interviews | size of the smallest cell of the ladder profiles by household income group (the highest income group at the oldest ages) | adults with a ladder score in the smallest single-year-of-age cell by household income group, 2009 to 2014 | interviews in 2009 to 2014 |   | 51 respondents | none (unweighted count) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| n_cc | 1,355,746 | interviews | count of interviews used for the adjusted profiles | adults with a ladder score, sex, marital status, education and household income | interviews in 2009 to 2014 |   |   | none (unweighted count) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| n_counties | 3,142 | counties | count of distinct counties assigned to respondents (county is derived from the ZIP code) | counties of the respondents' ZIP codes in the analysis | interviews in 2008 to 2017 |   |   | none (unweighted count) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| n_counties_least | 274 | counties | count of distinct counties whose interviews fall in the group (a county is in one group) | counties in the least deprived third of interviews by county Area Deprivation Index | interviews in 2008 to 2017 |   |   | none (unweighted count) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| n_counties_mid | 655 | counties | count of distinct counties whose interviews fall in the group (a county is in one group) | counties in the middle third of interviews by county Area Deprivation Index | interviews in 2008 to 2017 |   |   | none (unweighted count) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| n_counties_most | 2,193 | counties | count of distinct counties whose interviews fall in the group (a county is in one group) | counties in the most deprived third of interviews by county Area Deprivation Index | interviews in 2008 to 2017 |   |   | none (unweighted count) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| n_frame | 3,457,670 | interviews | count of interviews (not all answered every item) | Gallup interviews of adults aged 18 to 94 with a known county | interviews in 2008 to 2017 |   |   | none (unweighted count) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| n_health | 1,354,627 | interviews | count of interviews used for the adjusted profiles with self-rated health | adults with a ladder score, sex, marital status, education, household income and a self-rated health answer | interviews in 2009 to 2014 |   |   | none (unweighted count) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| n_ladder | 2,180,433 | interviews | count of interviews with a ladder score (the ladder of 2008 is not used) | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known | interviews in 2009 to 2017 |   |   | none (unweighted count) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| n_no_place | 931 | interviews | count of interviews left out of the deprivation groups | Gallup interviews of adults aged 18 to 94 in counties with no Area Deprivation Index rank | interviews in 2008 to 2017 |   |   | none (unweighted count) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| pain_1824 | 15.5% | percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday | unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 18 to 24), physical pain | interviews in 2008 to 2017 | 95% CI 15.3% to 15.7% | 168,532 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| pain_5564 | 28.5% | percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday | unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 55 to 64), physical pain | interviews in 2008 to 2017 | 95% CI 28.2% to 28.9% | 551,195 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| pain_7594 | 26.4% | percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday | unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 75 to 94), physical pain | interviews in 2008 to 2017 | 95% CI 26.2% to 26.6% | 342,096 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| pain_inc_high_4554 | 15.7% | percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday | unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known with household income $90,000 or more (age 45 to 54), physical pain | interviews in 2009 to 2014 | 95% CI 15.4% to 16.0% | 79,725 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| pain_inc_high_7594 | 20.9% | percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday | unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known with household income $90,000 or more (age 75 to 94), physical pain | interviews in 2009 to 2014 | 95% CI 20.3% to 21.5% | 17,647 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| pain_inc_low_4554 | 41.2% | percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday | unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known with household income Under $36,000 (age 45 to 54), physical pain | interviews in 2009 to 2014 | 95% CI 40.6% to 41.8% | 77,087 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| pain_inc_low_7594 | 30.5% | percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday | unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known with household income Under $36,000 (age 75 to 94), physical pain | interviews in 2009 to 2014 | 95% CI 30.2% to 30.9% | 85,614 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| pain_peak | 60 | years of age | age of the highest point of the five-year moving average of the share reporting the feeling by year of age (ages 20 to 92 searched, refined between whole years by a parabola), interval from a bootstrap over counties | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known, physical pain | interviews in 2008 to 2017 | 95% CI 58 to 61 | 2,584,986 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| place_fall_diff | −0.06 | ladder points, most deprived third minus least deprived third | difference between the two groups in the change of the unweighted mean ladder score from ages 25 to 34 to ages 45 to 54, interval from a bootstrap over counties | adults with a ladder score aged 25 to 54 in the extreme thirds of interviews by county Area Deprivation Index | interviews in 2009 to 2017 | 95% CI −0.09 to −0.03 | 407,100 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| place_gap_ladder_1824 | −0.07 | ladder points, most deprived third minus least deprived third | unweighted difference in the mean ladder score between the two groups of interviews, interval clustered by county | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 18 to 24), in the extreme thirds of interviews by county Area Deprivation Index | interviews in 2009 to 2017 | 95% CI −0.10 to −0.04 | 99,885 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| place_gap_ladder_4554 | −0.21 | ladder points, most deprived third minus least deprived third | unweighted difference in the mean ladder score between the two groups of interviews, interval clustered by county | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 45 to 54), in the extreme thirds of interviews by county Area Deprivation Index | interviews in 2009 to 2017 | 95% CI −0.24 to −0.17 | 253,746 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| place_gap_ladder_7594 | −0.12 | ladder points, most deprived third minus least deprived third | unweighted difference in the mean ladder score between the two groups of interviews, interval clustered by county | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 75 to 94), in the extreme thirds of interviews by county Area Deprivation Index | interviews in 2009 to 2017 | 95% CI −0.15 to −0.09 | 190,633 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| place_gap_pain_1824 | +0.9 | percentage points, most deprived third minus least deprived third | unweighted difference in the mean indicator of physical pain yesterday between the two groups of interviews, interval clustered by county | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 18 to 24), in the extreme thirds of interviews by county Area Deprivation Index | interviews in 2008 to 2017 | 95% CI 0.3 to 1.4 | 112,592 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| place_gap_pain_4554 | +6.8 | percentage points, most deprived third minus least deprived third | unweighted difference in the mean indicator of physical pain yesterday between the two groups of interviews, interval clustered by county | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 45 to 54), in the extreme thirds of interviews by county Area Deprivation Index | interviews in 2008 to 2017 | 95% CI 6.0 to 7.6 | 309,173 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| place_max_enjoy | 1.5 | percentage points, absolute difference | largest absolute difference across the seven age bands between the most and least deprived thirds in the share reporting the feeling yesterday (n is the smallest band) | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (enjoyment), in the extreme thirds of interviews by county Area Deprivation Index, the largest of the seven age bands | interviews in 2008 to 2017 |   | 112,542 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| place_max_sad | 2.1 | percentage points, absolute difference | largest absolute difference across the seven age bands between the most and least deprived thirds in the share reporting the feeling yesterday (n is the smallest band) | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (sadness), in the extreme thirds of interviews by county Area Deprivation Index, the largest of the seven age bands | interviews in 2008 to 2016 |   | 103,310 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| place_max_stress | 1.3 | percentage points, absolute difference | largest absolute difference across the seven age bands between the most and least deprived thirds in the share reporting the feeling yesterday (n is the smallest band) | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (stress), in the extreme thirds of interviews by county Area Deprivation Index, the largest of the seven age bands | interviews in 2008 to 2017 |   | 112,582 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| place_max_worry | 2.9 | percentage points, absolute difference | largest absolute difference across the seven age bands between the most and least deprived thirds in the share reporting the feeling yesterday (n is the smallest band) | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (worry), in the extreme thirds of interviews by county Area Deprivation Index, the largest of the seven age bands | interviews in 2008 to 2017 |   | 112,597 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| quad_all5 | 47 | years of age | age at which a quadratic in age fitted to the ladder score turns (with fixed effects for sex, marital status, education, household income and survey year), interval from a bootstrap over counties | adults with a ladder score, sex, marital status, education and household income | interviews in 2009 to 2014 | 95% CI 47 to 47 | 1,355,746 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll | A parabola forces a symmetric shape; the interval describes sampling variation of this fit and not whether the shape is right. |
| quad_raw | 44 | years of age | age at which a quadratic in age fitted to the ladder score turns, interval from a bootstrap over counties | adults with a ladder score, sex, marital status, education and household income | interviews in 2009 to 2014 | 95% CI 44 to 45 | 1,355,746 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll | A parabola forces a symmetric shape; the interval describes sampling variation of this fit and not whether the shape is right. |
| rise_adj | +0.91 | ladder points, later age band minus earlier age band | mean of the ladder profile at ages 75 to 94 minus the mean at ages 45 to 54, each year of age weighted by its number of interviews (a raw profile gives the difference of the two band means), interval from a bootstrap over counties; adjusted for sex, marital status, education, household income and survey year | adults with a ladder score, sex, marital status, education and household income | interviews in 2009 to 2014 | 95% CI 0.90 to 0.93 | 1,355,746 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| rise_all | +0.54 | ladder points, later age band minus earlier age band | mean of the ladder profile at ages 75 to 94 minus the mean at ages 45 to 54, each year of age weighted by its number of interviews (a raw profile gives the difference of the two band means), interval from a bootstrap over counties | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known | interviews in 2009 to 2017 | 95% CI 0.53 to 0.55 | 2,180,433 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| rise_cc_raw | +0.56 | ladder points, later age band minus earlier age band | mean of the ladder profile at ages 75 to 94 minus the mean at ages 45 to 54, each year of age weighted by its number of interviews (a raw profile gives the difference of the two band means), interval from a bootstrap over counties | adults with a ladder score, sex, marital status, education and household income | interviews in 2009 to 2014 | 95% CI 0.54 to 0.57 | 1,355,746 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| rise_inc_high | +0.37 | ladder points, later age band minus earlier age band | mean of the ladder profile at ages 75 to 94 minus the mean at ages 45 to 54, each year of age weighted by its number of interviews (a raw profile gives the difference of the two band means), interval from a bootstrap over counties | adults with a ladder score and household income $90,000 or more | interviews in 2009 to 2014 | 95% CI 0.33 to 0.40 | 310,559 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| rise_inc_low | +1.15 | ladder points, later age band minus earlier age band | mean of the ladder profile at ages 75 to 94 minus the mean at ages 45 to 54, each year of age weighted by its number of interviews (a raw profile gives the difference of the two band means), interval from a bootstrap over counties | adults with a ladder score and household income Under $36,000 | interviews in 2009 to 2014 | 95% CI 1.13 to 1.18 | 485,159 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| rise_inc_mid | +0.69 | ladder points, later age band minus earlier age band | mean of the ladder profile at ages 75 to 94 minus the mean at ages 45 to 54, each year of age weighted by its number of interviews (a raw profile gives the difference of the two band means), interval from a bootstrap over counties | adults with a ladder score and household income $36,000 to $89,999 | interviews in 2009 to 2014 | 95% CI 0.67 to 0.71 | 567,870 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| sad_2534 | 14.9% | percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday | unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 25 to 34), sadness | interviews in 2008 to 2016 | 95% CI 14.6% to 15.2% | 248,243 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| sad_4554 | 18.6% | percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday | unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 45 to 54), sadness | interviews in 2008 to 2016 | 95% CI 18.3% to 18.8% | 437,483 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| sad_7594 | 16.1% | percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday | unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 75 to 94), sadness | interviews in 2008 to 2016 | 95% CI 15.9% to 16.3% | 323,919 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| sadness_peak | 55 | years of age | age of the highest point of the five-year moving average of the share reporting the feeling by year of age (ages 20 to 92 searched, refined between whole years by a parabola), interval from a bootstrap over counties | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known, sadness | interviews in 2008 to 2016 | 95% CI 55 to 55 | 2,427,607 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| stress_2534 | 48.6% | percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday | unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 25 to 34), stress | interviews in 2008 to 2017 | 95% CI 48.3% to 48.9% | 269,066 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| stress_4554 | 44.6% | percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday | unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 45 to 54), stress | interviews in 2008 to 2017 | 95% CI 44.3% to 44.8% | 462,026 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| stress_7594 | 18.0% | percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday | unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 75 to 94), stress | interviews in 2008 to 2017 | 95% CI 17.8% to 18.2% | 342,420 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| stress_inc_high_4554 | 42.4% | percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday | unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known with household income $90,000 or more (age 45 to 54), stress | interviews in 2009 to 2014 | 95% CI 42.0% to 42.8% | 79,721 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| stress_inc_high_7594 | 16.6% | percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday | unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known with household income $90,000 or more (age 75 to 94), stress | interviews in 2009 to 2014 | 95% CI 15.9% to 17.2% | 17,665 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| stress_inc_low_4554 | 52.6% | percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday | unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known with household income Under $36,000 (age 45 to 54), stress | interviews in 2009 to 2014 | 95% CI 52.1% to 53.2% | 77,096 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| stress_inc_low_7594 | 20.2% | percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday | unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known with household income Under $36,000 (age 75 to 94), stress | interviews in 2009 to 2014 | 95% CI 19.9% to 20.5% | 85,699 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| stress_peak | 26 | years of age | age of the highest point of the five-year moving average of the share reporting the feeling by year of age (ages 20 to 92 searched, refined between whole years by a parabola), interval from a bootstrap over counties | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known, stress | interviews in 2008 to 2017 | 95% CI 25 to 33 | 2,585,120 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| turn_all5 | 48 | years of age | age of the lowest point of the five-year moving average of the mean ladder score by year of age (ages 20 to 92 searched, refined between whole years by a parabola through the lowest point and its neighbours), interval from a bootstrap over counties | adults with a ladder score, sex, marital status, education and household income | interviews in 2009 to 2014 | 95% CI 48 to 54 | 1,355,746 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| turn_cc_raw | 54 | years of age | age of the lowest point of the five-year moving average of the mean ladder score by year of age (ages 20 to 92 searched, refined between whole years by a parabola through the lowest point and its neighbours), interval from a bootstrap over counties | adults with a ladder score, sex, marital status, education and household income | interviews in 2009 to 2014 | 95% CI 51 to 55 | 1,355,746 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| turn_h_plus | 48 | years of age | age of the lowest point of the five-year moving average of the mean ladder score by year of age (ages 20 to 92 searched, refined between whole years by a parabola through the lowest point and its neighbours), interval from a bootstrap over counties | adults with a ladder score, sex, marital status, education and household income and a self-rated health answer | interviews in 2009 to 2014 | 95% CI 47 to 48 | 1,354,627 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| turn_inc_high | 24 | years of age | age of the lowest point of the five-year moving average of the mean ladder score by year of age (ages 20 to 92 searched, refined between whole years by a parabola through the lowest point and its neighbours), interval from a bootstrap over counties | adults with a ladder score and household income $90,000 or more | interviews in 2009 to 2014 | 95% CI 23 to 24 | 310,559 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| turn_inc_low | 54 | years of age | age of the lowest point of the five-year moving average of the mean ladder score by year of age (ages 20 to 92 searched, refined between whole years by a parabola through the lowest point and its neighbours), interval from a bootstrap over counties | adults with a ladder score and household income Under $36,000 | interviews in 2009 to 2014 | 95% CI 54 to 55 | 485,159 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| turn_inc_mid | 48 | years of age | age of the lowest point of the five-year moving average of the mean ladder score by year of age (ages 20 to 92 searched, refined between whole years by a parabola through the lowest point and its neighbours), interval from a bootstrap over counties | adults with a ladder score and household income $36,000 to $89,999 | interviews in 2009 to 2014 | 95% CI 48 to 51 | 567,870 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| turn_income | 48 | years of age | age of the lowest point of the five-year moving average of the mean ladder score by year of age (ages 20 to 92 searched, refined between whole years by a parabola through the lowest point and its neighbours), interval from a bootstrap over counties | adults with a ladder score, sex, marital status, education and household income | interviews in 2009 to 2014 | 95% CI 48 to 54 | 1,355,746 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| turn_marital | 54 | years of age | age of the lowest point of the five-year moving average of the mean ladder score by year of age (ages 20 to 92 searched, refined between whole years by a parabola through the lowest point and its neighbours), interval from a bootstrap over counties | adults with a ladder score, sex, marital status, education and household income | interviews in 2009 to 2014 | 95% CI 48 to 54 | 1,355,746 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| turn_place_least | 54 | years of age | age of the lowest point of the five-year moving average of the mean ladder score by year of age (ages 20 to 92 searched, refined between whole years by a parabola through the lowest point and its neighbours), interval from a bootstrap over counties | adults with a ladder score in the least deprived third of interviews by county Area Deprivation Index | interviews in 2009 to 2017 | 95% CI 51 to 56 | 718,005 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| turn_place_mid | 54 | years of age | age of the lowest point of the five-year moving average of the mean ladder score by year of age (ages 20 to 92 searched, refined between whole years by a parabola through the lowest point and its neighbours), interval from a bootstrap over counties | adults with a ladder score in the middle third of interviews by county Area Deprivation Index | interviews in 2009 to 2017 | 95% CI 52 to 55 | 730,419 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| turn_place_most | 51 | years of age | age of the lowest point of the five-year moving average of the mean ladder score by year of age (ages 20 to 92 searched, refined between whole years by a parabola through the lowest point and its neighbours), interval from a bootstrap over counties | adults with a ladder score in the most deprived third of interviews by county Area Deprivation Index | interviews in 2009 to 2017 | 95% CI 48 to 54 | 731,406 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| turn_sex | 54 | years of age | age of the lowest point of the five-year moving average of the mean ladder score by year of age (ages 20 to 92 searched, refined between whole years by a parabola through the lowest point and its neighbours), interval from a bootstrap over counties | adults with a ladder score, sex, marital status, education and household income | interviews in 2009 to 2014 | 95% CI 51 to 55 | 1,355,746 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| worry_4554 | 35.4% | percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday | unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 45 to 54), worry | interviews in 2008 to 2017 | 95% CI 35.2% to 35.7% | 462,072 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| worry_7594 | 18.6% | percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday | unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 75 to 94), worry | interviews in 2008 to 2017 | 95% CI 18.4% to 18.8% | 342,365 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| worry_peak | 48 | years of age | age of the highest point of the five-year moving average of the share reporting the feeling by year of age (ages 20 to 92 searched, refined between whole years by a parabola), interval from a bootstrap over counties | adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known, worry | interviews in 2008 to 2017 | 95% CI 47 to 49 | 2,585,390 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| young_fall_adj | −0.71 | ladder points, later age band minus earlier age band | mean of the ladder profile at ages 45 to 54 minus the mean at ages 18 to 24, each year of age weighted by its number of interviews (a raw profile gives the difference of the two band means), interval from a bootstrap over counties; adjusted for sex, marital status, education, household income and survey year | adults with a ladder score, sex, marital status, education and household income | interviews in 2009 to 2014 | 95% CI −0.73 to −0.69 | 1,355,746 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |
| young_fall_cc_raw | −0.28 | ladder points, later age band minus earlier age band | mean of the ladder profile at ages 45 to 54 minus the mean at ages 18 to 24, each year of age weighted by its number of interviews (a raw profile gives the difference of the two band means), interval from a bootstrap over counties | adults with a ladder score, sex, marital status, education and household income | interviews in 2009 to 2014 | 95% CI −0.30 to −0.26 | 1,355,746 respondents | none (unweighted) | Gallup U.S. Daily Poll |   |

## Definitions

- Cantril ladder: A survey question that asks people to place their life on a ladder whose bottom step is the worst possible life and whose top step is the best possible. It measures how people evaluate their life as a whole, not how they felt yesterday.
- Survey weights: Numbers attached to survey respondents that say how many people in the population each one represents, so that results describe the whole population and not only the people who answered.
- Area Deprivation Index (ADI): A score that ranks neighborhoods by income, education, employment and housing conditions drawn from the American Community Survey. In this book a higher national percentile means a more deprived neighborhood.

## Methods

This chapter compares Gallup interviewees by year of age, age band, household income group, deprivation third and birth cohort. The extract has no survey weights, so all estimates are unweighted, and the county deprivation measure is dated after the interviews. The ladder of 2008 is set to missing, the income groups and adjusted profiles use interviews in 2009 to 2014 only, and the ladder and the feelings are different measures asked in different years and are never combined. Intervals are clustered by the respondent's county.

### Who was interviewed

Gallup respondent rows are read inside Box through the project loader and aggregated; nothing at respondent level is published. All estimates are unweighted.

Age is whole years at interview, 18 to 94 (the extract has no age above 94 and does not top-code it); interviews with no county are left out.

Explains Table 1 and Table 2.

### Which questions and years each measure covers

The ladder of 2008 is set to missing for every estimate, because political questions that preceded the ladder in 2008 and the first months of 2009 lowered it (Deaton 2012); the extract has no interview month, so early 2009 interviews may carry part of the effect. The feelings keep 2008.

The ladder was asked of 85% of interviews in 2009, of nearly all in 2010 to 2012 and of 49% from 2013 to 2017; the feelings follow a similar pattern in the years they were asked, so the pooled profiles weight 2008 to 2012 most.

The ladder (an evaluation of life as a whole) and the feelings (yes or no answers about the previous day) are different measures and are never combined.

### Why household income covers 2009 to 2014

Everything that uses household income, the income groups and the adjusted profiles, uses interviews in 2009 to 2014, because the share of income reporters at $90,000 or more rises from 23% in 2014 to 35% in 2017; the same contrasts for 2015 to 2017 are shown separately.

Household income is Gallup's harmonized six brackets in dollars of the interview year, collapsed to under $36,000, $36,000 to $89,999 and $90,000 or more.

Explains Table 4.

### How deprivation thirds are built

Deprivation thirds rank interviews by the Area Deprivation Index 2023 of the respondent's county (the mean of the county's tract national ranks weighted by 2019-2023 tract population; Connecticut tracts move to the eight legacy counties; Puerto Rico is excluded), a measure dated after the interviews, and cut them into three groups of about equal numbers of interviews, with a county in one group; the groups hold different numbers of counties.

Explains Table 3.

### How profiles, turning ages and cohorts are built

The age of the lowest or highest point of a profile is the minimum or maximum of its five-year moving average (each age averaged with the two ages on either side), searched over ages 20 to 92 and refined between whole years by the vertex of a parabola through the extreme and its two neighbours (at most half a year).

Adjusted profiles come from an unweighted least-squares regression of the outcome on a fixed effect for each year of age and fixed effects for sex, marital status (three groups), education (three groups), household income (six brackets) and survey year, and are evaluated at the sample's mix of the controls. The quadratic fit replaces the age effects with a constant, (age - 50) / 10 and its square, and its turning age is 50 - 5b/c for linear coefficient b and quadratic coefficient c, defined when c is positive.

The difference between age bands in a profile is the mean of the profile over the later band minus the mean over the earlier band, each year of age weighted by its number of interviews, so for a raw profile it is the difference of the two band means.

A birth cohort is the interview year minus age, in groups of ten birth years. The change among all adults that a cohort is compared with is age-standardized: the mean over single years of age 50 to 67 of the change at that age between 2009 and 2017, because the interview sample was younger in 2017 than in 2009.

Explains Table 5 and Table 6.

### How uncertainty is measured

Means and shares by year of age, age band, household income group, deprivation third or birth cohort have 95% intervals clustered by the respondent's county (derived from the ZIP code), from the linearized variance with counties as clusters and t distributions with the number of counties minus one degrees of freedom.

Intervals for turning ages, adjusted profiles and differences between age bands come from a bootstrap that resamples whole counties with replacement (2,000 replicates, seed 12345) and refits the regression or recomputes the group means in every replicate from the redrawn county sums.

## What these data cannot show

The profiles are differences between people of different ages in a repeated cross-section. They mix age, birth cohort and the years in which each group was interviewed, and the three cannot be separated with data from one decade. The oldest adults are survivors, so the oldest cells describe the people who lived to be interviewed there, and these data cannot say in which direction survival moves a profile. The panel studies in the box reach opposite conclusions about the middle-age dip, and these data cannot arbitrate between them.

Every estimate is unweighted, and the poll was a telephone survey, so the levels describe the people interviewed and not the national population. County comes from the respondent's ZIP code and is approximate near county lines. The feelings are yes or no answers about the previous day, so they measure how often a feeling was present and not how strong it was. The ladder of 2008 is left out and the 2009 ladder may carry part of the same question-order artifact, which the extract cannot separate without an interview month.

The adjusted profiles are statistical constructs. Household income, marital status and self-rated health are partly consequences of well-being, so adjusting for them does not isolate the part of the profile that belongs to age, and the profile is flat near its low point, so the age of that low is less certain than its bootstrap intervals suggest. Household income is nominal, includes a partner's earnings and was missing for a share of interviews. The mix of income brackets changes in 2015 to 2017 for reasons the extract does not document, so results by income use 2009 to 2014, and the cutoffs between groups are fixed dollar amounts across that period. The deprivation groups describe the county where a respondent lives and not the respondent, the groups hold very different numbers of counties, the index describes counties as of 2023, and the Area Deprivation Index understates deprivation in high-cost cities.

The poll ends in 2017, and later years may differ. Chapter 4.5, Mental distress in young adults (https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/mental-distress-in-young-adults) follows frequent mental distress among young adults from 2014 in a different survey, and Chapter 6.2, Civic life, loneliness and partnership (https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/civic-life-loneliness-and-partnership) shows how the ladder gap between partnered and other adults varies by age band in the same Gallup data. No figure in this chapter follows a person through life.

## References

1. Deaton, Angus (2012). The financial crisis and the well-being of Americans: 2011 OEP Hicks Lecture. Oxford Economic Papers 64(1): 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1093/oep/gpr051
2. Stone, Arthur A.; Schwartz, Joseph E.; Broderick, Joan E.; Deaton, Angus (2010). A snapshot of the age distribution of psychological well-being in the United States. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107(22): 9985-9990. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1003744107
3. Blanchflower, David G.; Oswald, Andrew J. (2008). Is well-being U-shaped over the life cycle?. Social Science & Medicine 66(8): 1733-1749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.01.030
4. Blanchflower, David G. (2021). Is happiness U-shaped everywhere? Age and subjective well-being in 145 countries. Journal of Population Economics 34(2): 575-624. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-020-00797-z
5. Frijters, Paul; Beatton, Tony (2012). The mystery of the U-shaped relationship between happiness and age. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 82(2-3): 525-542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2012.03.008
6. Glenn, Norval (2009). Is the apparent U-shape of well-being over the life course a result of inappropriate use of control variables? A commentary on Blanchflower and Oswald (66: 8, 2008, 1733-1749). Social Science & Medicine 69(4): 481-485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.05.038
7. Cheng, Terence C.; Powdthavee, Nattavudh; Oswald, Andrew J. (2017). Longitudinal evidence for a midlife nadir in human well-being: results from four data sets. The Economic Journal 127(599): 126-142. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecoj.12256

## Provenance

- Pipeline version: 0.1.0
- Build script: book2/chapters/well-being-across-the-life-span/build.py (sha256 61acab29fa739f6467d5a08604479301bae5fe915e5b5939211633ffed034a57)
- Built on: 2026-10-07
- Site commit: c2b1ff3309cb4a10833f884da91ac0057a66ad0a

Inputs:

| File | Size (bytes) | SHA-256, first 1 MB | SHA-256, last 1 MB |
| --- | ---: | --- | --- |
| book2/chapters/well-being-across-the-life-span/age_data.py | 26,462 | ee6277fc08150c892abca17eed77a7a8987d6cc84ee016572d4e216fe50cf22e | ee6277fc08150c892abca17eed77a7a8987d6cc84ee016572d4e216fe50cf22e |
| data/analytic/tract_atlas.parquet | 39,659,925 | 29d5e4d943552d54aeb6ba92aadc939d9bd15bdea553c78357dbd516757be627 | 1e10d1ecf722340f23ee2212d4999a90250f85b65fa89b39e32db06d9472e22e |
| data/raw/gallup/gallup_us.parquet | 209,530,597 | b57c719f2c1d4749e43b1a70ca6dbd97f0480a0b538983091eea7eadfec40551 | b8167235969e50da6143a0e8d3e74ffb8f7c231743acc9fb2a78130a602af6f5 |
| data/staged/crosswalks/ct_tract2020_to_old_county.parquet | 15,842 | 961ef39f31596ef65fca2c67d5f2f63e533c5dc9b49745d3bb6437844e4b831d | 961ef39f31596ef65fca2c67d5f2f63e533c5dc9b49745d3bb6437844e4b831d |

Outputs:

| File | SHA-256 |
| --- | --- |
| facts.json | e17859489292c7610c9434e1c6eedcf4e5553f6255e457941076f413e3e3def5 |
| figures/cohort_lines.json | 9613d36a3bc83060273c5921a889be73c5c5ca968f14abc19bd8ef75efccc98f |
| figures/feelings_by_age.json | c36e1400b5722a7bee533f0d8bc7837d21e63b88922cdfe45cfc13c21efa213c |
| figures/ladder_by_age.json | 075f2582500b359a06a0e78157b386b161b7d5a46e6f57d3bb7e609d7fd0021f |
| figures/ladder_turning_points.json | 72017ea5c8022cdcf4e0e281bdd0704a62d213058881efb9aab8b0b3713fb98e |
| figures/profiles_by_income.json | 36a8d4b4e605720b3639e990eedb6482a78766e0171a60ad61aa12d02c8b3b06 |
| figures/profiles_by_place.json | e526a1644fe967dcc12dacac235a4be853de5f78613fa02f08ddd694dbb66b2a |
| meta.json | 602937578088c2357483d704f8328b0bb370e427afd1ed8ba89b45bb5834a2b1 |
| refs.json | b061ac27ab739f809f8ed3769b7a1c470af341fe7efbe8d983c66d7c6ca314d2 |

## Machine formats

- Report (HTML): https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/well-being-across-the-life-span/report
- Report (Markdown): https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/well-being-across-the-life-span/report.md
- Every estimate (JSON): https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/report/well-being-across-the-life-span/facts.json
- Table 1, figure "ladder_by_age" (JSON): https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/report/well-being-across-the-life-span/figures/ladder_by_age.json
- Table 2, figure "feelings_by_age" (JSON): https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/report/well-being-across-the-life-span/figures/feelings_by_age.json
- Table 3, figure "profiles_by_place" (JSON): https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/report/well-being-across-the-life-span/figures/profiles_by_place.json
- Table 4, figure "profiles_by_income" (JSON): https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/report/well-being-across-the-life-span/figures/profiles_by_income.json
- Table 5, figure "ladder_turning_points" (JSON): https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/report/well-being-across-the-life-span/figures/ladder_turning_points.json
- Table 6, figure "cohort_lines" (JSON): https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/report/well-being-across-the-life-span/figures/cohort_lines.json
- Index of every report: https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/llms.txt; all reports in one file: https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/llms-full.txt