{
  "age_18": {
    "display": "18",
    "estimand": "definition used in this chapter, not an estimate",
    "note": "",
    "period": "ladder interviews in 2009 to 2017 and feelings interviews in 2008 to 2017",
    "population": "an age used in this chapter",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "years of age",
    "value": 18,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "age_20": {
    "display": "20",
    "estimand": "definition used in this chapter, not an estimate",
    "note": "",
    "period": "ladder interviews in 2009 to 2017 and feelings interviews in 2008 to 2017",
    "population": "an age used in this chapter",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "years of age",
    "value": 20,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "age_25": {
    "display": "25",
    "estimand": "definition used in this chapter, not an estimate",
    "note": "",
    "period": "ladder interviews in 2009 to 2017 and feelings interviews in 2008 to 2017",
    "population": "an age used in this chapter",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "years of age",
    "value": 25,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "age_46": {
    "display": "46",
    "estimand": "definition used in this chapter, not an estimate",
    "note": "",
    "period": "ladder interviews in 2009 to 2017 and feelings interviews in 2008 to 2017",
    "population": "an age used in this chapter",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "years of age",
    "value": 46,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "age_56": {
    "display": "56",
    "estimand": "definition used in this chapter, not an estimate",
    "note": "",
    "period": "ladder interviews in 2009 to 2017 and feelings interviews in 2008 to 2017",
    "population": "an age used in this chapter",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "years of age",
    "value": 56,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "age_94": {
    "display": "94",
    "estimand": "definition used in this chapter, not an estimate",
    "note": "",
    "period": "ladder interviews in 2009 to 2017 and feelings interviews in 2008 to 2017",
    "population": "an age used in this chapter",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "years of age",
    "value": 94,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "anger_1824": {
    "ci": [
      16.3,
      16.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "16.5%",
    "estimand": "unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county",
    "n": 125886,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2008 to 2013 and 2016",
    "population": "adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 18 to 24), anger",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday",
    "value": 16.5451,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "anger_7594": {
    "ci": [
      6,
      6.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "6.2%",
    "estimand": "unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county",
    "n": 276770,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2008 to 2013 and 2016",
    "population": "adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 75 to 94), anger",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday",
    "value": 6.16469,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "band_1824": {
    "display": "18 to 24",
    "estimand": "definition used in this chapter, not an estimate",
    "note": "",
    "period": "ladder interviews in 2009 to 2017 and feelings interviews in 2008 to 2017",
    "population": "an age group of adults defined in this chapter",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "years of age",
    "value": 18,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "band_2534": {
    "display": "25 to 34",
    "estimand": "definition used in this chapter, not an estimate",
    "note": "",
    "period": "ladder interviews in 2009 to 2017 and feelings interviews in 2008 to 2017",
    "population": "an age group of adults defined in this chapter",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "years of age",
    "value": 25,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "band_3544": {
    "display": "35 to 44",
    "estimand": "definition used in this chapter, not an estimate",
    "note": "",
    "period": "ladder interviews in 2009 to 2017 and feelings interviews in 2008 to 2017",
    "population": "an age group of adults defined in this chapter",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "years of age",
    "value": 35,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "band_4554": {
    "display": "45 to 54",
    "estimand": "definition used in this chapter, not an estimate",
    "note": "",
    "period": "ladder interviews in 2009 to 2017 and feelings interviews in 2008 to 2017",
    "population": "an age group of adults defined in this chapter",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "years of age",
    "value": 45,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "band_5564": {
    "display": "55 to 64",
    "estimand": "definition used in this chapter, not an estimate",
    "note": "",
    "period": "ladder interviews in 2009 to 2017 and feelings interviews in 2008 to 2017",
    "population": "an age group of adults defined in this chapter",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "years of age",
    "value": 55,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "band_7594": {
    "display": "75 to 94",
    "estimand": "definition used in this chapter, not an estimate",
    "note": "",
    "period": "ladder interviews in 2009 to 2017 and feelings interviews in 2008 to 2017",
    "population": "an age group of adults defined in this chapter",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "years of age",
    "value": 75,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "coh_ages_end": {
    "display": "58 to 67",
    "estimand": "definition used in this chapter, not an estimate",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2017",
    "population": "an age group defined in this chapter: the ages of people born in 1950 to 1959 in 2017",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "years of age",
    "value": 58,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "coh_ages_start": {
    "display": "50 to 59",
    "estimand": "definition used in this chapter, not an estimate",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2009",
    "population": "an age group defined in this chapter: the ages of people born in 1950 to 1959 in 2009",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "years of age",
    "value": 50,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "coh_cross_ladder": {
    "ci": [
      0.26,
      0.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.28",
    "estimand": "unweighted mean at ages 58 to 67 minus unweighted mean at ages 50 to 59 among people interviewed in 2009, interval from a bootstrap over counties",
    "n": 128524,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2009",
    "population": "adults aged 50 to 67 interviewed in 2009",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "ladder points",
    "value": 0.27945,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "coh_cross_pain": {
    "ci": [
      -0.4,
      0.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.0",
    "estimand": "unweighted mean at ages 58 to 67 minus unweighted mean at ages 50 to 59 among people interviewed in 2009, interval from a bootstrap over counties",
    "n": 150105,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2009",
    "population": "adults aged 50 to 67 interviewed in 2009",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 0.0384678,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "coh_cross_stress": {
    "ci": [
      -11.1,
      -10.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−10.6",
    "estimand": "unweighted mean at ages 58 to 67 minus unweighted mean at ages 50 to 59 among people interviewed in 2009, interval from a bootstrap over counties",
    "n": 150096,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2009",
    "population": "adults aged 50 to 67 interviewed in 2009",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": -10.556,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "coh_net_ladder": {
    "ci": [
      0.2,
      0.24
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.22",
    "estimand": "change in the cohort's unweighted mean between 2009 and 2017 minus the age-standardized change among all adults at ages 50 to 67, interval from a bootstrap over counties",
    "n": 94948,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2009 and 2017",
    "population": "adults born in 1950 to 1959, interviewed in 2009 and 2017",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "ladder points",
    "value": 0.219189,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "coh_net_pain": {
    "ci": [
      0.3,
      1.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.8",
    "estimand": "change in the cohort's unweighted mean between 2009 and 2017 minus the age-standardized change among all adults at ages 50 to 67, interval from a bootstrap over counties",
    "n": 105857,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2009 and 2017",
    "population": "adults born in 1950 to 1959, interviewed in 2009 and 2017",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 0.761683,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "coh_net_stress": {
    "ci": [
      -10.1,
      -9.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−9.6",
    "estimand": "change in the cohort's unweighted mean between 2009 and 2017 minus the age-standardized change among all adults at ages 50 to 67, interval from a bootstrap over counties",
    "n": 105870,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2009 and 2017",
    "population": "adults born in 1950 to 1959, interviewed in 2009 and 2017",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": -9.6097,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "coh_period_ladder": {
    "ci": [
      0.17,
      0.21
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.19",
    "estimand": "age-standardized change among all adults: the mean over the single years of age 50 to 67 of the unweighted mean in 2017 minus the unweighted mean in 2009 at that age, interval from a bootstrap over counties",
    "n": 169188,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2009 and 2017",
    "population": "adults aged 50 to 67 interviewed in 2009 and 2017",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "ladder points",
    "value": 0.194334,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "coh_period_pain": {
    "ci": [
      4.6,
      5.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+5.1",
    "estimand": "age-standardized change among all adults: the mean over the single years of age 50 to 67 of the unweighted mean in 2017 minus the unweighted mean in 2009 at that age, interval from a bootstrap over counties",
    "n": 188628,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2009 and 2017",
    "population": "adults aged 50 to 67 interviewed in 2009 and 2017",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 5.09989,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "coh_period_stress": {
    "ci": [
      1.3,
      2.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+1.7",
    "estimand": "age-standardized change among all adults: the mean over the single years of age 50 to 67 of the unweighted mean in 2017 minus the unweighted mean in 2009 at that age, interval from a bootstrap over counties",
    "n": 188623,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2009 and 2017",
    "population": "adults aged 50 to 67 interviewed in 2009 and 2017",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 1.73856,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "coh_std_ages": {
    "display": "50 to 67",
    "estimand": "definition used in this chapter, not an estimate",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2009 and 2017",
    "population": "the ages the 1950 to 1959 cohort passes through between 2009 and 2017",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "years of age",
    "value": 50,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "coh_within_ladder": {
    "ci": [
      0.39,
      0.44
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.41",
    "estimand": "unweighted mean in 2017 minus unweighted mean in 2009 among people born in 1950 to 1959, interval from a bootstrap over counties",
    "n": 94948,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2009 and 2017",
    "population": "adults born in 1950 to 1959, interviewed in 2009 and 2017",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "ladder points",
    "value": 0.413523,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "coh_within_pain": {
    "ci": [
      5.3,
      6.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+5.9",
    "estimand": "unweighted mean in 2017 minus unweighted mean in 2009 among people born in 1950 to 1959, interval from a bootstrap over counties",
    "n": 105857,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2009 and 2017",
    "population": "adults born in 1950 to 1959, interviewed in 2009 and 2017",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": 5.86157,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "coh_within_stress": {
    "ci": [
      -8.5,
      -7.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−7.9",
    "estimand": "unweighted mean in 2017 minus unweighted mean in 2009 among people born in 1950 to 1959, interval from a bootstrap over counties",
    "n": 105870,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2009 and 2017",
    "population": "adults born in 1950 to 1959, interviewed in 2009 and 2017",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "value": -7.87114,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "enjoy_1824": {
    "ci": [
      88.1,
      88.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "88.3%",
    "estimand": "unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county",
    "n": 168459,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2008 to 2017",
    "population": "adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 18 to 24), enjoyment",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday",
    "value": 88.3414,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "enjoy_4554": {
    "ci": [
      82.4,
      82.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "82.6%",
    "estimand": "unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county",
    "n": 461521,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2008 to 2017",
    "population": "adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 45 to 54), enjoyment",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday",
    "value": 82.5982,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "enjoy_7594": {
    "ci": [
      88.3,
      88.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "88.5%",
    "estimand": "unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county",
    "n": 341222,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2008 to 2017",
    "population": "adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 75 to 94), enjoyment",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday",
    "value": 88.4884,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "enjoy_inc_high_4554": {
    "ci": [
      87.3,
      87.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "87.6%",
    "estimand": "unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county",
    "n": 79707,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2009 to 2014",
    "population": "adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known with household income $90,000 or more (age 45 to 54), enjoyment",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday",
    "value": 87.6171,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "enjoy_inc_low_4554": {
    "ci": [
      72.3,
      73
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "72.7%",
    "estimand": "unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county",
    "n": 76974,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2009 to 2014",
    "population": "adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known with household income Under $36,000 (age 45 to 54), enjoyment",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday",
    "value": 72.6778,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "enjoy_low": {
    "ci": [
      52,
      53
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "52",
    "estimand": "age of the lowest point of the five-year moving average of the share reporting the feeling by year of age (ages 20 to 92 searched, refined between whole years by a parabola), interval from a bootstrap over counties",
    "n": 2581678,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2008 to 2017",
    "population": "adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known, enjoyment",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "years of age",
    "value": 52.169,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "fall_adj": {
    "ci": [
      -0.33,
      -0.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.32",
    "estimand": "mean of the ladder profile at ages 45 to 54 minus the mean at ages 25 to 34, each year of age weighted by its number of interviews (a raw profile gives the difference of the two band means), interval from a bootstrap over counties; adjusted for sex, marital status, education, household income and survey year",
    "n": 1355746,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2009 to 2014",
    "population": "adults with a ladder score, sex, marital status, education and household income",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "ladder points, later age band minus earlier age band",
    "value": -0.318175,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "fall_all": {
    "ci": [
      -0.16,
      -0.13
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.15",
    "estimand": "mean of the ladder profile at ages 45 to 54 minus the mean at ages 25 to 34, each year of age weighted by its number of interviews (a raw profile gives the difference of the two band means), interval from a bootstrap over counties",
    "n": 2180433,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2009 to 2017",
    "population": "adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "ladder points, later age band minus earlier age band",
    "value": -0.145877,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "fall_cc_raw": {
    "ci": [
      -0.22,
      -0.19
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.20",
    "estimand": "mean of the ladder profile at ages 45 to 54 minus the mean at ages 25 to 34, each year of age weighted by its number of interviews (a raw profile gives the difference of the two band means), interval from a bootstrap over counties",
    "n": 1355746,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2009 to 2014",
    "population": "adults with a ladder score, sex, marital status, education and household income",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "ladder points, later age band minus earlier age band",
    "value": -0.204529,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "fall_inc_high": {
    "ci": [
      -0.07,
      -0.03
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.05",
    "estimand": "mean of the ladder profile at ages 45 to 54 minus the mean at ages 25 to 34, each year of age weighted by its number of interviews (a raw profile gives the difference of the two band means), interval from a bootstrap over counties",
    "n": 310559,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2009 to 2014",
    "population": "adults with a ladder score and household income $90,000 or more",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "ladder points, later age band minus earlier age band",
    "value": -0.049548,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "fall_inc_high_late": {
    "ci": [
      0.06,
      0.12
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.09",
    "estimand": "mean of the ladder profile at ages 45 to 54 minus the mean at ages 25 to 34, each year of age weighted by its number of interviews (a raw profile gives the difference of the two band means), interval from a bootstrap over counties",
    "n": 139811,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2015 to 2017",
    "population": "adults with a ladder score and household income $90,000 or more",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "ladder points, later age band minus earlier age band",
    "value": 0.0932529,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "fall_inc_low": {
    "ci": [
      -0.62,
      -0.56
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.59",
    "estimand": "mean of the ladder profile at ages 45 to 54 minus the mean at ages 25 to 34, each year of age weighted by its number of interviews (a raw profile gives the difference of the two band means), interval from a bootstrap over counties",
    "n": 485159,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2009 to 2014",
    "population": "adults with a ladder score and household income Under $36,000",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "ladder points, later age band minus earlier age band",
    "value": -0.589211,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "fall_inc_mid": {
    "ci": [
      -0.29,
      -0.26
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.27",
    "estimand": "mean of the ladder profile at ages 45 to 54 minus the mean at ages 25 to 34, each year of age weighted by its number of interviews (a raw profile gives the difference of the two band means), interval from a bootstrap over counties",
    "n": 567870,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2009 to 2014",
    "population": "adults with a ladder score and household income $36,000 to $89,999",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "ladder points, later age band minus earlier age band",
    "value": -0.273355,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "fall_marital": {
    "ci": [
      -0.25,
      -0.22
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.23",
    "estimand": "mean of the ladder profile at ages 45 to 54 minus the mean at ages 25 to 34, each year of age weighted by its number of interviews (a raw profile gives the difference of the two band means), interval from a bootstrap over counties; adjusted for marital status only",
    "n": 1355746,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2009 to 2014",
    "population": "adults with a ladder score, sex, marital status, education and household income",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "ladder points, later age band minus earlier age band",
    "value": -0.234413,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "fall_place_least": {
    "ci": [
      -0.14,
      -0.09
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.11",
    "estimand": "mean of the ladder profile at ages 45 to 54 minus the mean at ages 25 to 34, each year of age weighted by its number of interviews (a raw profile gives the difference of the two band means), interval from a bootstrap over counties",
    "n": 718005,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2009 to 2017",
    "population": "adults with a ladder score in the least deprived third of interviews by county Area Deprivation Index",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "ladder points, later age band minus earlier age band",
    "value": -0.113382,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "fall_place_most": {
    "ci": [
      -0.19,
      -0.15
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.17",
    "estimand": "mean of the ladder profile at ages 45 to 54 minus the mean at ages 25 to 34, each year of age weighted by its number of interviews (a raw profile gives the difference of the two band means), interval from a bootstrap over counties",
    "n": 731406,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2009 to 2017",
    "population": "adults with a ladder score in the most deprived third of interviews by county Area Deprivation Index",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "ladder points, later age band minus earlier age band",
    "value": -0.172286,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "fb_decline_age": {
    "display": "75",
    "estimand": "approximate age around which happiness declines in the fixed-effects results of Frijters and Beatton (2012), as stated in the abstract of the paper",
    "note": "Quoted from the abstract of the paper, which gives approximate ages.",
    "period": "panel waves analyzed by Frijters and Beatton (2012)",
    "population": "adults in the German Socio-Economic Panel, the British Household Panel Survey and the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey",
    "source": "published-estimates",
    "unit": "years of age",
    "value": 75,
    "weights": "none (published estimate)"
  },
  "fb_rise_age": {
    "display": "60",
    "estimand": "approximate age around which happiness rises in the fixed-effects results of Frijters and Beatton (2012), as stated in the abstract of the paper",
    "note": "Quoted from the abstract of the paper, which gives approximate ages.",
    "period": "panel waves analyzed by Frijters and Beatton (2012)",
    "population": "adults in the German Socio-Economic Panel, the British Household Panel Survey and the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey",
    "source": "published-estimates",
    "unit": "years of age",
    "value": 60,
    "weights": "none (published estimate)"
  },
  "feel_gap_2008_max": {
    "ci": [
      -1.8,
      -1.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−1.6",
    "estimand": "unweighted difference in the share reporting the feeling between 2008 and 2009, for the feeling with the largest absolute difference of the seven, interval clustered by county",
    "n": 696084,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2008 and 2009",
    "population": "adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup in 2008 or 2009 who answered the item (worry)",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "percentage points, 2008 minus 2009",
    "value": -1.56486,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "flat_range": {
    "display": "0.06",
    "estimand": "difference between the highest and the lowest value of the five-year moving average of the raw mean ladder score at ages 46 to 56",
    "n": 1355746,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2009 to 2014",
    "population": "adults with a ladder score, sex, marital status, education and household income",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "ladder points",
    "value": 0.0561486,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "gap2008_hi": {
    "ci": [
      0.35,
      0.41
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.38",
    "estimand": "unweighted difference between the mean ladder score in 2009 and in 2008 within the age band with the largest difference of the seven bands, interval clustered by county",
    "n": 106145,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2008 and 2009",
    "population": "adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup in 2008 or 2009 who answered the ladder (the age band with the largest difference)",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "ladder points, 2009 minus 2008",
    "value": 0.379135,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "gap2008_lo": {
    "ci": [
      0.26,
      0.32
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.29",
    "estimand": "unweighted difference between the mean ladder score in 2009 and in 2008 within the age band with the smallest difference of the seven bands, interval clustered by county",
    "n": 83551,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2008 and 2009",
    "population": "adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup in 2008 or 2009 who answered the ladder (the age band with the smallest difference)",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "ladder points, 2009 minus 2008",
    "value": 0.288748,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "happy_1824": {
    "ci": [
      91.7,
      92.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "91.9%",
    "estimand": "unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county",
    "n": 154490,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2008 to 2016",
    "population": "adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 18 to 24), happiness",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday",
    "value": 91.8862,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "happy_4554": {
    "ci": [
      86.4,
      86.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "86.6%",
    "estimand": "unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county",
    "n": 437094,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2008 to 2016",
    "population": "adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 45 to 54), happiness",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday",
    "value": 86.5651,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "happy_7594": {
    "ci": [
      89.8,
      90.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "90.0%",
    "estimand": "unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county",
    "n": 322920,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2008 to 2016",
    "population": "adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 75 to 94), happiness",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday",
    "value": 90.0372,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "happy_low": {
    "ci": [
      54,
      56
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "54",
    "estimand": "age of the lowest point of the five-year moving average of the share reporting the feeling by year of age (ages 20 to 92 searched, refined between whole years by a parabola), interval from a bootstrap over counties",
    "n": 2424735,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2008 to 2016",
    "population": "adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known, happiness",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "years of age",
    "value": 54.4108,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "high_share_2014": {
    "ci": [
      22,
      24
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "23%",
    "estimand": "unweighted share reporting household income of $90,000 or more, interval clustered by county",
    "n": 284323,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2014",
    "population": "adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup in 2014 who report a household income bracket",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "percent of interviews that report a household income bracket",
    "value": 22.9851,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "high_share_2017": {
    "ci": [
      34,
      36
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "35%",
    "estimand": "unweighted share reporting household income of $90,000 or more, interval clustered by county",
    "n": 287211,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2017",
    "population": "adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup in 2017 who report a household income bracket",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "percent of interviews that report a household income bracket",
    "value": 35.4112,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "inc_cut_high": {
    "display": "$90,000",
    "estimand": "definition used in this chapter, not an estimate (Gallup's harmonized brackets, not adjusted for inflation)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2009 to 2014",
    "population": "the lower limit of the highest household income group",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "dollars of annual household income, as reported in the year of the interview",
    "value": 90000,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "inc_cut_low": {
    "display": "$36,000",
    "estimand": "definition used in this chapter, not an estimate (Gallup's harmonized brackets, not adjusted for inflation)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2009 to 2014",
    "population": "the upper limit of the lowest household income group",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "dollars of annual household income, as reported in the year of the interview",
    "value": 36000,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "income_known_share": {
    "display": "81%",
    "estimand": "share of interviews that report a household income bracket (unweighted count)",
    "n": 1691589,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2009 to 2014",
    "population": "Gallup interviews of adults aged 18 to 94 with a known county",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "percent of interviews with a household income bracket",
    "value": 81.111,
    "weights": "none (unweighted count)"
  },
  "ladder_18_24": {
    "ci": [
      7.02,
      7.05
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "7.03",
    "estimand": "unweighted mean of the 0 to 10 ladder score, interval clustered by the respondent's county",
    "n": 149624,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2009 to 2017",
    "population": "adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 18 to 24)",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "Cantril ladder score (0 worst possible life, 10 best possible life)",
    "value": 7.03223,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "ladder_25_34": {
    "ci": [
      6.97,
      7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "6.99",
    "estimand": "unweighted mean of the 0 to 10 ladder score, interval clustered by the respondent's county",
    "n": 229054,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2009 to 2017",
    "population": "adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 25 to 34)",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "Cantril ladder score (0 worst possible life, 10 best possible life)",
    "value": 6.98552,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "ladder_4554_least": {
    "ci": [
      6.9,
      6.97
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "6.94",
    "estimand": "unweighted mean of the 0 to 10 ladder score, interval clustered by the respondent's county",
    "n": 128209,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2009 to 2017",
    "population": "adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known in the least deprived third of interviews by county Area Deprivation Index (age 45 to 54)",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "Cantril ladder score (0 worst possible life, 10 best possible life)",
    "value": 6.9355,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "ladder_4554_most": {
    "ci": [
      6.71,
      6.75
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "6.73",
    "estimand": "unweighted mean of the 0 to 10 ladder score, interval clustered by the respondent's county",
    "n": 125537,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2009 to 2017",
    "population": "adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known in the most deprived third of interviews by county Area Deprivation Index (age 45 to 54)",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "Cantril ladder score (0 worst possible life, 10 best possible life)",
    "value": 6.72893,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "ladder_45_54": {
    "ci": [
      6.82,
      6.86
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "6.84",
    "estimand": "unweighted mean of the 0 to 10 ladder score, interval clustered by the respondent's county",
    "n": 380027,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2009 to 2017",
    "population": "adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 45 to 54)",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "Cantril ladder score (0 worst possible life, 10 best possible life)",
    "value": 6.83965,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "ladder_75_94": {
    "ci": [
      7.37,
      7.39
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "7.38",
    "estimand": "unweighted mean of the 0 to 10 ladder score, interval clustered by the respondent's county",
    "n": 289487,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2009 to 2017",
    "population": "adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 75 to 94)",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "Cantril ladder score (0 worst possible life, 10 best possible life)",
    "value": 7.37863,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "ladder_at_18": {
    "ci": [
      7.23,
      7.28
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "7.25",
    "estimand": "unweighted mean of the 0 to 10 ladder score, interval clustered by the respondent's county",
    "n": 25104,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2009 to 2017",
    "population": "adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 18)",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "Cantril ladder score (0 worst possible life, 10 best possible life)",
    "value": 7.25426,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "ladder_at_25": {
    "ci": [
      6.91,
      6.96
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "6.93",
    "estimand": "unweighted mean of the 0 to 10 ladder score, interval clustered by the respondent's county",
    "n": 22756,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2009 to 2017",
    "population": "adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 25)",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "Cantril ladder score (0 worst possible life, 10 best possible life)",
    "value": 6.9318,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "ladder_inc_high_2534": {
    "ci": [
      7.48,
      7.52
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "7.50",
    "estimand": "unweighted mean of the 0 to 10 ladder score, interval clustered by the respondent's county",
    "n": 28340,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2009 to 2014",
    "population": "adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known with household income $90,000 or more (age 25 to 34)",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "Cantril ladder score (0 worst possible life, 10 best possible life)",
    "value": 7.49566,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "ladder_inc_high_3544": {
    "ci": [
      7.5,
      7.53
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "7.51",
    "estimand": "unweighted mean of the 0 to 10 ladder score, interval clustered by the respondent's county",
    "n": 55787,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2009 to 2014",
    "population": "adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known with household income $90,000 or more (age 35 to 44)",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "Cantril ladder score (0 worst possible life, 10 best possible life)",
    "value": 7.51162,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "ladder_inc_high_4554": {
    "ci": [
      7.43,
      7.46
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "7.45",
    "estimand": "unweighted mean of the 0 to 10 ladder score, interval clustered by the respondent's county",
    "n": 77234,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2009 to 2014",
    "population": "adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known with household income $90,000 or more (age 45 to 54)",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "Cantril ladder score (0 worst possible life, 10 best possible life)",
    "value": 7.44611,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "ladder_inc_low_1824": {
    "ci": [
      6.83,
      6.88
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "6.85",
    "estimand": "unweighted mean of the 0 to 10 ladder score, interval clustered by the respondent's county",
    "n": 45506,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2009 to 2014",
    "population": "adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known with household income Under $36,000 (age 18 to 24)",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "Cantril ladder score (0 worst possible life, 10 best possible life)",
    "value": 6.85384,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "ladder_inc_low_4554": {
    "ci": [
      5.86,
      5.91
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "5.89",
    "estimand": "unweighted mean of the 0 to 10 ladder score, interval clustered by the respondent's county",
    "n": 74530,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2009 to 2014",
    "population": "adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known with household income Under $36,000 (age 45 to 54)",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "Cantril ladder score (0 worst possible life, 10 best possible life)",
    "value": 5.88901,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "ladder_inc_low_7594": {
    "ci": [
      7.03,
      7.06
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "7.04",
    "estimand": "unweighted mean of the 0 to 10 ladder score, interval clustered by the respondent's county",
    "n": 82417,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2009 to 2014",
    "population": "adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known with household income Under $36,000 (age 75 to 94)",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "Cantril ladder score (0 worst possible life, 10 best possible life)",
    "value": 7.04275,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "ladder_inc_mid_4554": {
    "ci": [
      6.85,
      6.88
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "6.86",
    "estimand": "unweighted mean of the 0 to 10 ladder score, interval clustered by the respondent's county",
    "n": 104462,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2009 to 2014",
    "population": "adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known with household income $36,000 to $89,999 (age 45 to 54)",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "Cantril ladder score (0 worst possible life, 10 best possible life)",
    "value": 6.86339,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "ladder_share_2009": {
    "display": "85%",
    "estimand": "share of the year's interviews with a ladder score (before any filter)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2009",
    "population": "all Gallup interviews in 2009",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "percent of the year's interviews that carry a ladder score",
    "value": 85.3649,
    "weights": "none (unweighted count)"
  },
  "ladder_share_late": {
    "display": "49%",
    "estimand": "mean over the five years of the share of the year's interviews with a ladder score (before any filter)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2013 to 2017",
    "population": "all Gallup interviews from 2013 to 2017",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "percent of interviews that carry a ladder score",
    "value": 49.1321,
    "weights": "none (unweighted count)"
  },
  "ladder_turn": {
    "ci": [
      51,
      54
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "54",
    "estimand": "age of the lowest point of the five-year moving average of the mean ladder score by year of age (ages 20 to 92 searched, refined between whole years by a parabola through the lowest point and its neighbours), interval from a bootstrap over counties",
    "n": 2180433,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2009 to 2017",
    "population": "adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "years of age",
    "value": 53.8515,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "ladder_year_2008": {
    "ci": [
      6.68,
      6.71
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "6.69",
    "estimand": "unweighted mean of the 0 to 10 ladder score, interval clustered by the respondent's county (all ages; the 2008 value is shown to document the artifact and is not used elsewhere)",
    "n": 346485,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2008",
    "population": "adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the ladder and whose county is known",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "Cantril ladder score (0 worst possible life, 10 best possible life)",
    "value": 6.69315,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "ladder_year_2009": {
    "ci": [
      7.02,
      7.04
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "7.03",
    "estimand": "unweighted mean of the 0 to 10 ladder score, interval clustered by the respondent's county (all ages; the 2008 value is shown to document the artifact and is not used elsewhere)",
    "n": 296836,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2009",
    "population": "adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the ladder and whose county is known",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "Cantril ladder score (0 worst possible life, 10 best possible life)",
    "value": 7.02888,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "mean_age_2009": {
    "display": "55.1",
    "estimand": "mean age of the interviews",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2009",
    "population": "adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup in 2009 with a known county",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "years of age",
    "value": 55.1104,
    "weights": "none (unweighted count)"
  },
  "mean_age_2017": {
    "display": "52.3",
    "estimand": "mean age of the interviews",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2017",
    "population": "adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup in 2017 with a known county",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "years of age",
    "value": 52.2777,
    "weights": "none (unweighted count)"
  },
  "midfall_inc_high": {
    "ci": [
      -0.08,
      -0.05
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.07",
    "estimand": "mean of the ladder profile at ages 45 to 54 minus the mean at ages 35 to 44, each year of age weighted by its number of interviews (a raw profile gives the difference of the two band means), interval from a bootstrap over counties",
    "n": 310559,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2009 to 2014",
    "population": "adults with a ladder score and household income $90,000 or more",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "ladder points, later age band minus earlier age band",
    "value": -0.0655128,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "midfall_inc_high_late": {
    "ci": [
      -0.04,
      0.01
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.02",
    "estimand": "mean of the ladder profile at ages 45 to 54 minus the mean at ages 35 to 44, each year of age weighted by its number of interviews (a raw profile gives the difference of the two band means), interval from a bootstrap over counties",
    "n": 139811,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2015 to 2017",
    "population": "adults with a ladder score and household income $90,000 or more",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "ladder points, later age band minus earlier age band",
    "value": -0.0170815,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "midfall_inc_low": {
    "ci": [
      -0.3,
      -0.24
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.27",
    "estimand": "mean of the ladder profile at ages 45 to 54 minus the mean at ages 35 to 44, each year of age weighted by its number of interviews (a raw profile gives the difference of the two band means), interval from a bootstrap over counties",
    "n": 485159,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2009 to 2014",
    "population": "adults with a ladder score and household income Under $36,000",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "ladder points, later age band minus earlier age band",
    "value": -0.272399,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "midfall_inc_mid": {
    "ci": [
      -0.13,
      -0.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.12",
    "estimand": "mean of the ladder profile at ages 45 to 54 minus the mean at ages 35 to 44, each year of age weighted by its number of interviews (a raw profile gives the difference of the two band means), interval from a bootstrap over counties",
    "n": 567870,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2009 to 2014",
    "population": "adults with a ladder score and household income $36,000 to $89,999",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "ladder points, later age band minus earlier age band",
    "value": -0.11642,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "min_cell_income": {
    "display": "51",
    "estimand": "size of the smallest cell of the ladder profiles by household income group (the highest income group at the oldest ages)",
    "n": 51,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2009 to 2014",
    "population": "adults with a ladder score in the smallest single-year-of-age cell by household income group, 2009 to 2014",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "interviews",
    "value": 51,
    "weights": "none (unweighted count)"
  },
  "n_cc": {
    "display": "1,355,746",
    "estimand": "count of interviews used for the adjusted profiles",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2009 to 2014",
    "population": "adults with a ladder score, sex, marital status, education and household income",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "interviews",
    "value": 1355746,
    "weights": "none (unweighted count)"
  },
  "n_counties": {
    "display": "3,142",
    "estimand": "count of distinct counties assigned to respondents (county is derived from the ZIP code)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2008 to 2017",
    "population": "counties of the respondents' ZIP codes in the analysis",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 3142,
    "weights": "none (unweighted count)"
  },
  "n_counties_least": {
    "display": "274",
    "estimand": "count of distinct counties whose interviews fall in the group (a county is in one group)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2008 to 2017",
    "population": "counties in the least deprived third of interviews by county Area Deprivation Index",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 274,
    "weights": "none (unweighted count)"
  },
  "n_counties_mid": {
    "display": "655",
    "estimand": "count of distinct counties whose interviews fall in the group (a county is in one group)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2008 to 2017",
    "population": "counties in the middle third of interviews by county Area Deprivation Index",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 655,
    "weights": "none (unweighted count)"
  },
  "n_counties_most": {
    "display": "2,193",
    "estimand": "count of distinct counties whose interviews fall in the group (a county is in one group)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2008 to 2017",
    "population": "counties in the most deprived third of interviews by county Area Deprivation Index",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 2193,
    "weights": "none (unweighted count)"
  },
  "n_frame": {
    "display": "3,457,670",
    "estimand": "count of interviews (not all answered every item)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2008 to 2017",
    "population": "Gallup interviews of adults aged 18 to 94 with a known county",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "interviews",
    "value": 3457670,
    "weights": "none (unweighted count)"
  },
  "n_health": {
    "display": "1,354,627",
    "estimand": "count of interviews used for the adjusted profiles with self-rated health",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2009 to 2014",
    "population": "adults with a ladder score, sex, marital status, education, household income and a self-rated health answer",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "interviews",
    "value": 1354627,
    "weights": "none (unweighted count)"
  },
  "n_ladder": {
    "display": "2,180,433",
    "estimand": "count of interviews with a ladder score (the ladder of 2008 is not used)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2009 to 2017",
    "population": "adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "interviews",
    "value": 2180433,
    "weights": "none (unweighted count)"
  },
  "n_no_place": {
    "display": "931",
    "estimand": "count of interviews left out of the deprivation groups",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2008 to 2017",
    "population": "Gallup interviews of adults aged 18 to 94 in counties with no Area Deprivation Index rank",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "interviews",
    "value": 931,
    "weights": "none (unweighted count)"
  },
  "pain_1824": {
    "ci": [
      15.3,
      15.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "15.5%",
    "estimand": "unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county",
    "n": 168532,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2008 to 2017",
    "population": "adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 18 to 24), physical pain",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday",
    "value": 15.4902,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "pain_5564": {
    "ci": [
      28.2,
      28.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "28.5%",
    "estimand": "unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county",
    "n": 551195,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2008 to 2017",
    "population": "adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 55 to 64), physical pain",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday",
    "value": 28.5378,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "pain_7594": {
    "ci": [
      26.2,
      26.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "26.4%",
    "estimand": "unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county",
    "n": 342096,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2008 to 2017",
    "population": "adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 75 to 94), physical pain",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday",
    "value": 26.4361,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "pain_inc_high_4554": {
    "ci": [
      15.4,
      16
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "15.7%",
    "estimand": "unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county",
    "n": 79725,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2009 to 2014",
    "population": "adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known with household income $90,000 or more (age 45 to 54), physical pain",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday",
    "value": 15.7002,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "pain_inc_high_7594": {
    "ci": [
      20.3,
      21.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "20.9%",
    "estimand": "unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county",
    "n": 17647,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2009 to 2014",
    "population": "adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known with household income $90,000 or more (age 75 to 94), physical pain",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday",
    "value": 20.9101,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "pain_inc_low_4554": {
    "ci": [
      40.6,
      41.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "41.2%",
    "estimand": "unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county",
    "n": 77087,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2009 to 2014",
    "population": "adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known with household income Under $36,000 (age 45 to 54), physical pain",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday",
    "value": 41.1807,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "pain_inc_low_7594": {
    "ci": [
      30.2,
      30.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "30.5%",
    "estimand": "unweighted share of interviews that answered yes to the item, interval clustered by the respondent's county",
    "n": 85614,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2009 to 2014",
    "population": "adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known with household income Under $36,000 (age 75 to 94), physical pain",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "percent of adults who reported the feeling during a lot of the day yesterday",
    "value": 30.5499,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "pain_peak": {
    "ci": [
      58,
      61
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "60",
    "estimand": "age of the highest point of the five-year moving average of the share reporting the feeling by year of age (ages 20 to 92 searched, refined between whole years by a parabola), interval from a bootstrap over counties",
    "n": 2584986,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2008 to 2017",
    "population": "adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known, physical pain",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "years of age",
    "value": 59.8567,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "place_fall_diff": {
    "ci": [
      -0.09,
      -0.03
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.06",
    "estimand": "difference between the two groups in the change of the unweighted mean ladder score from ages 25 to 34 to ages 45 to 54, interval from a bootstrap over counties",
    "n": 407100,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2009 to 2017",
    "population": "adults with a ladder score aged 25 to 54 in the extreme thirds of interviews by county Area Deprivation Index",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "ladder points, most deprived third minus least deprived third",
    "value": -0.0589038,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "place_gap_ladder_1824": {
    "ci": [
      -0.1,
      -0.04
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.07",
    "estimand": "unweighted difference in the mean ladder score between the two groups of interviews, interval clustered by county",
    "n": 99885,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2009 to 2017",
    "population": "adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 18 to 24), in the extreme thirds of interviews by county Area Deprivation Index",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "ladder points, most deprived third minus least deprived third",
    "value": -0.0731827,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "place_gap_ladder_4554": {
    "ci": [
      -0.24,
      -0.17
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.21",
    "estimand": "unweighted difference in the mean ladder score between the two groups of interviews, interval clustered by county",
    "n": 253746,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2009 to 2017",
    "population": "adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 45 to 54), in the extreme thirds of interviews by county Area Deprivation Index",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "ladder points, most deprived third minus least deprived third",
    "value": -0.206563,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "place_gap_ladder_7594": {
    "ci": [
      -0.15,
      -0.09
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.12",
    "estimand": "unweighted difference in the mean ladder score between the two groups of interviews, interval clustered by county",
    "n": 190633,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2009 to 2017",
    "population": "adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 75 to 94), in the extreme thirds of interviews by county Area Deprivation Index",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "ladder points, most deprived third minus least deprived third",
    "value": -0.123092,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "place_gap_pain_1824": {
    "ci": [
      0.3,
      1.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.9",
    "estimand": "unweighted difference in the mean indicator of physical pain yesterday between the two groups of interviews, interval clustered by county",
    "n": 112592,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2008 to 2017",
    "population": "adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 18 to 24), in the extreme thirds of interviews by county Area Deprivation Index",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "percentage points, most deprived third minus least deprived third",
    "value": 0.867447,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "place_gap_pain_4554": {
    "ci": [
      6,
      7.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+6.8",
    "estimand": "unweighted difference in the mean indicator of physical pain yesterday between the two groups of interviews, interval clustered by county",
    "n": 309173,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2008 to 2017",
    "population": "adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (age 45 to 54), in the extreme thirds of interviews by county Area Deprivation Index",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "percentage points, most deprived third minus least deprived third",
    "value": 6.82579,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "place_max_enjoy": {
    "display": "1.5",
    "estimand": "largest absolute difference across the seven age bands between the most and least deprived thirds in the share reporting the feeling yesterday (n is the smallest band)",
    "n": 112542,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2008 to 2017",
    "population": "adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (enjoyment), in the extreme thirds of interviews by county Area Deprivation Index, the largest of the seven age bands",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "percentage points, absolute difference",
    "value": 1.51202,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "place_max_sad": {
    "display": "2.1",
    "estimand": "largest absolute difference across the seven age bands between the most and least deprived thirds in the share reporting the feeling yesterday (n is the smallest band)",
    "n": 103310,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2008 to 2016",
    "population": "adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (sadness), in the extreme thirds of interviews by county Area Deprivation Index, the largest of the seven age bands",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "percentage points, absolute difference",
    "value": 2.1453,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "place_max_stress": {
    "display": "1.3",
    "estimand": "largest absolute difference across the seven age bands between the most and least deprived thirds in the share reporting the feeling yesterday (n is the smallest band)",
    "n": 112582,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2008 to 2017",
    "population": "adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (stress), in the extreme thirds of interviews by county Area Deprivation Index, the largest of the seven age bands",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "percentage points, absolute difference",
    "value": 1.33055,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "place_max_worry": {
    "display": "2.9",
    "estimand": "largest absolute difference across the seven age bands between the most and least deprived thirds in the share reporting the feeling yesterday (n is the smallest band)",
    "n": 112597,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2008 to 2017",
    "population": "adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known (worry), in the extreme thirds of interviews by county Area Deprivation Index, the largest of the seven age bands",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "percentage points, absolute difference",
    "value": 2.86308,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "quad_all5": {
    "ci": [
      46.9,
      47.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "47",
    "estimand": "age at which a quadratic in age fitted to the ladder score turns (with fixed effects for sex, marital status, education, household income and survey year), interval from a bootstrap over counties",
    "n": 1355746,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "A parabola forces a symmetric shape; the interval describes sampling variation of this fit and not whether the shape is right.",
    "period": "interviews in 2009 to 2014",
    "population": "adults with a ladder score, sex, marital status, education and household income",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "years of age",
    "value": 47.1479,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "quad_raw": {
    "ci": [
      44,
      45
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "44",
    "estimand": "age at which a quadratic in age fitted to the ladder score turns, interval from a bootstrap over counties",
    "n": 1355746,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "A parabola forces a symmetric shape; the interval describes sampling variation of this fit and not whether the shape is right.",
    "period": "interviews in 2009 to 2014",
    "population": "adults with a ladder score, sex, marital status, education and household income",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "years of age",
    "value": 44.4127,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "rise_adj": {
    "ci": [
      0.9,
      0.93
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.91",
    "estimand": "mean of the ladder profile at ages 75 to 94 minus the mean at ages 45 to 54, each year of age weighted by its number of interviews (a raw profile gives the difference of the two band means), interval from a bootstrap over counties; adjusted for sex, marital status, education, household income and survey year",
    "n": 1355746,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2009 to 2014",
    "population": "adults with a ladder score, sex, marital status, education and household income",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "ladder points, later age band minus earlier age band",
    "value": 0.914309,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "rise_all": {
    "ci": [
      0.53,
      0.55
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.54",
    "estimand": "mean of the ladder profile at ages 75 to 94 minus the mean at ages 45 to 54, each year of age weighted by its number of interviews (a raw profile gives the difference of the two band means), interval from a bootstrap over counties",
    "n": 2180433,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2009 to 2017",
    "population": "adults aged 18 to 94 interviewed by Gallup who answered the item and whose county is known",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "ladder points, later age band minus earlier age band",
    "value": 0.538983,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "rise_cc_raw": {
    "ci": [
      0.54,
      0.57
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.56",
    "estimand": "mean of the ladder profile at ages 75 to 94 minus the mean at ages 45 to 54, each year of age weighted by its number of interviews (a raw profile gives the difference of the two band means), interval from a bootstrap over counties",
    "n": 1355746,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2009 to 2014",
    "population": "adults with a ladder score, sex, marital status, education and household income",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "ladder points, later age band minus earlier age band",
    "value": 0.557471,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "rise_inc_high": {
    "ci": [
      0.33,
      0.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.37",
    "estimand": "mean of the ladder profile at ages 75 to 94 minus the mean at ages 45 to 54, each year of age weighted by its number of interviews (a raw profile gives the difference of the two band means), interval from a bootstrap over counties",
    "n": 310559,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2009 to 2014",
    "population": "adults with a ladder score and household income $90,000 or more",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "ladder points, later age band minus earlier age band",
    "value": 0.365277,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "rise_inc_low": {
    "ci": [
      1.13,
      1.18
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+1.15",
    "estimand": "mean of the ladder profile at ages 75 to 94 minus the mean at ages 45 to 54, each year of age weighted by its number of interviews (a raw profile gives the difference of the two band means), interval from a bootstrap over counties",
    "n": 485159,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2009 to 2014",
    "population": "adults with a ladder score and household income Under $36,000",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "ladder points, later age band minus earlier age band",
    "value": 1.15373,
    "weights": "none (unweighted)"
  },
  "rise_inc_mid": {
    "ci": [
      0.67,
      0.71
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.69",
    "estimand": "mean of the ladder profile at ages 75 to 94 minus the mean at ages 45 to 54, each year of age weighted by its number of interviews (a raw profile gives the difference of the two band means), interval from a bootstrap over counties",
    "n": 567870,
    "nUnit": "respondents",
    "note": "",
    "period": "interviews in 2009 to 2014",
    "population": "adults with a ladder score and household income $36,000 to $89,999",
    "source": "gallup",
    "unit": "ladder points, later age band minus earlier age band",
    "value": 0.692965,
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