{
  "alt": "A figure with three tabs. The first is a line chart of the raw and adjusted ladder profiles by year of age. The second is a dot plot of the age of the lowest ladder score under different adjustments and for groups. The third is a dot plot of the fall and the rise in the ladder between age bands for eleven groups.",
  "caption": "The first tab compares the raw and adjusted profiles, the second the age of the lowest point under each adjustment and for each group, and the third the size of the fall to midlife and the rise after it. The profile is flat near its bottom, so the exact age is less certain than the intervals suggest.",
  "data": [],
  "id": "ladder_turning_points",
  "notes": [
    "Each age is a different group of people interviewed in the same years, so a profile mixes age with birth cohort and does not follow anyone through life.",
    "Adjusted rows and income groups use interviews in 2009 to 2014, because the income distribution of reporters shifts in 2015 to 2017; the rows marked 2015 to 2017 are shown separately. Adjusted rows use the {fact:n_cc} interviews that report sex, marital status, education and household income; the row with self-rated health uses the {fact:n_health} interviews that also report health.",
    "The age of the lowest point is searched over ages 20 to 92 on the five-year moving average and refined between whole years; the intervals come from a bootstrap over counties (replicates and seed in the methods note).",
    "The ladder of 2008 is not used. Political questions that came before the ladder lowered it in 2008 and in the first months of 2009, and the extract has no interview month, so early 2009 interviews may carry part of the effect. Scores averaged {fact:ladder_year_2008} in 2008 and {fact:ladder_year_2009} in 2009, and the 2009 minus 2008 difference is between {fact:gap2008_lo} and {fact:gap2008_hi} ladder points in every age band.",
    "Gallup's extract has no survey weights, so every estimate is unweighted and levels can differ from the weighted figures Gallup publishes. County comes from the respondent's ZIP code and is approximate near county lines."
  ],
  "source": "Gallup U.S. Daily, ladder 2009-2017 (2009-2014 where household income is used, 2015-2017 where stated); unweighted, intervals clustered by county or from a bootstrap over counties; county Area Deprivation Index 2023 joined on the county of the interview",
  "spec": {
    "panels": [
      {
        "figure": {
          "alt": "Line chart of two profiles of the mean ladder score by year of age. The adjusted profile starts higher than the raw one, falls further to a low near age {fact:turn_all5} and rises to a higher level at the oldest ages.",
          "caption": "The adjusted line is higher than the raw line among the youngest adults and lower in midlife, so the fall is steeper, and the adjusted low comes earlier. The adjusted line holds sex, marital status, education, household income and survey year at their sample mix. Bands are 95% intervals from a bootstrap over counties that refits the regression in each replicate.",
          "data": [
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              "conf_low": 7.233,
              "estimate": 7.266,
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              "n": 12653
            },
            {
              "age": 19,
              "conf_high": 7.166,
              "conf_low": 7.098,
              "estimate": 7.132,
              "group": "Raw",
              "n": 11389
            },
            {
              "age": 20,
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              "conf_low": 7.03,
              "estimate": 7.062,
              "group": "Raw",
              "n": 11795
            },
            {
              "age": 21,
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              "group": "Raw",
              "n": 12694
            },
            {
              "age": 22,
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              "group": "Raw",
              "n": 12286
            },
            {
              "age": 23,
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              "group": "Raw",
              "n": 12871
            },
            {
              "age": 24,
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              "group": "Raw",
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            },
            {
              "age": 25,
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            },
            {
              "age": 49,
              "conf_high": 6.665,
              "conf_low": 6.608,
              "estimate": 6.636,
              "group": "Adjusted",
              "n": 23942
            },
            {
              "age": 50,
              "conf_high": 6.675,
              "conf_low": 6.626,
              "estimate": 6.652,
              "group": "Adjusted",
              "n": 31687
            },
            {
              "age": 51,
              "conf_high": 6.693,
              "conf_low": 6.64,
              "estimate": 6.665,
              "group": "Adjusted",
              "n": 24325
            },
            {
              "age": 52,
              "conf_high": 6.674,
              "conf_low": 6.625,
              "estimate": 6.65,
              "group": "Adjusted",
              "n": 29269
            },
            {
              "age": 53,
              "conf_high": 6.661,
              "conf_low": 6.609,
              "estimate": 6.636,
              "group": "Adjusted",
              "n": 27701
            },
            {
              "age": 54,
              "conf_high": 6.682,
              "conf_low": 6.632,
              "estimate": 6.658,
              "group": "Adjusted",
              "n": 27744
            },
            {
              "age": 55,
              "conf_high": 6.685,
              "conf_low": 6.637,
              "estimate": 6.661,
              "group": "Adjusted",
              "n": 30907
            },
            {
              "age": 56,
              "conf_high": 6.676,
              "conf_low": 6.628,
              "estimate": 6.652,
              "group": "Adjusted",
              "n": 28442
            },
            {
              "age": 57,
              "conf_high": 6.712,
              "conf_low": 6.664,
              "estimate": 6.689,
              "group": "Adjusted",
              "n": 29066
            },
            {
              "age": 58,
              "conf_high": 6.74,
              "conf_low": 6.689,
              "estimate": 6.715,
              "group": "Adjusted",
              "n": 29341
            },
            {
              "age": 59,
              "conf_high": 6.798,
              "conf_low": 6.747,
              "estimate": 6.772,
              "group": "Adjusted",
              "n": 28808
            },
            {
              "age": 60,
              "conf_high": 6.851,
              "conf_low": 6.805,
              "estimate": 6.829,
              "group": "Adjusted",
              "n": 33569
            },
            {
              "age": 61,
              "conf_high": 6.917,
              "conf_low": 6.865,
              "estimate": 6.889,
              "group": "Adjusted",
              "n": 26962
            },
            {
              "age": 62,
              "conf_high": 6.965,
              "conf_low": 6.921,
              "estimate": 6.944,
              "group": "Adjusted",
              "n": 32851
            },
            {
              "age": 63,
              "conf_high": 6.996,
              "conf_low": 6.945,
              "estimate": 6.97,
              "group": "Adjusted",
              "n": 29174
            },
            {
              "age": 64,
              "conf_high": 7.072,
              "conf_low": 7.025,
              "estimate": 7.048,
              "group": "Adjusted",
              "n": 28851
            },
            {
              "age": 65,
              "conf_high": 7.133,
              "conf_low": 7.087,
              "estimate": 7.111,
              "group": "Adjusted",
              "n": 31582
            },
            {
              "age": 66,
              "conf_high": 7.2,
              "conf_low": 7.149,
              "estimate": 7.174,
              "group": "Adjusted",
              "n": 25857
            },
            {
              "age": 67,
              "conf_high": 7.227,
              "conf_low": 7.178,
              "estimate": 7.203,
              "group": "Adjusted",
              "n": 25770
            },
            {
              "age": 68,
              "conf_high": 7.258,
              "conf_low": 7.208,
              "estimate": 7.233,
              "group": "Adjusted",
              "n": 23753
            },
            {
              "age": 69,
              "conf_high": 7.304,
              "conf_low": 7.25,
              "estimate": 7.277,
              "group": "Adjusted",
              "n": 21674
            },
            {
              "age": 70,
              "conf_high": 7.344,
              "conf_low": 7.291,
              "estimate": 7.317,
              "group": "Adjusted",
              "n": 25178
            },
            {
              "age": 71,
              "conf_high": 7.378,
              "conf_low": 7.318,
              "estimate": 7.35,
              "group": "Adjusted",
              "n": 19021
            },
            {
              "age": 72,
              "conf_high": 7.392,
              "conf_low": 7.331,
              "estimate": 7.362,
              "group": "Adjusted",
              "n": 19910
            },
            {
              "age": 73,
              "conf_high": 7.407,
              "conf_low": 7.347,
              "estimate": 7.377,
              "group": "Adjusted",
              "n": 17652
            },
            {
              "age": 74,
              "conf_high": 7.466,
              "conf_low": 7.4,
              "estimate": 7.433,
              "group": "Adjusted",
              "n": 16282
            },
            {
              "age": 75,
              "conf_high": 7.461,
              "conf_low": 7.402,
              "estimate": 7.431,
              "group": "Adjusted",
              "n": 17652
            },
            {
              "age": 76,
              "conf_high": 7.461,
              "conf_low": 7.397,
              "estimate": 7.431,
              "group": "Adjusted",
              "n": 14355
            },
            {
              "age": 77,
              "conf_high": 7.511,
              "conf_low": 7.445,
              "estimate": 7.478,
              "group": "Adjusted",
              "n": 13990
            },
            {
              "age": 78,
              "conf_high": 7.539,
              "conf_low": 7.469,
              "estimate": 7.503,
              "group": "Adjusted",
              "n": 13249
            },
            {
              "age": 79,
              "conf_high": 7.555,
              "conf_low": 7.485,
              "estimate": 7.52,
              "group": "Adjusted",
              "n": 11898
            },
            {
              "age": 80,
              "conf_high": 7.624,
              "conf_low": 7.555,
              "estimate": 7.59,
              "group": "Adjusted",
              "n": 13990
            },
            {
              "age": 81,
              "conf_high": 7.636,
              "conf_low": 7.564,
              "estimate": 7.599,
              "group": "Adjusted",
              "n": 10362
            },
            {
              "age": 82,
              "conf_high": 7.645,
              "conf_low": 7.562,
              "estimate": 7.603,
              "group": "Adjusted",
              "n": 10372
            },
            {
              "age": 83,
              "conf_high": 7.608,
              "conf_low": 7.521,
              "estimate": 7.565,
              "group": "Adjusted",
              "n": 9106
            },
            {
              "age": 84,
              "conf_high": 7.704,
              "conf_low": 7.612,
              "estimate": 7.657,
              "group": "Adjusted",
              "n": 7941
            },
            {
              "age": 85,
              "conf_high": 7.682,
              "conf_low": 7.586,
              "estimate": 7.634,
              "group": "Adjusted",
              "n": 7534
            },
            {
              "age": 86,
              "conf_high": 7.754,
              "conf_low": 7.642,
              "estimate": 7.698,
              "group": "Adjusted",
              "n": 5655
            },
            {
              "age": 87,
              "conf_high": 7.76,
              "conf_low": 7.641,
              "estimate": 7.7,
              "group": "Adjusted",
              "n": 4787
            },
            {
              "age": 88,
              "conf_high": 7.749,
              "conf_low": 7.624,
              "estimate": 7.686,
              "group": "Adjusted",
              "n": 4116
            },
            {
              "age": 89,
              "conf_high": 7.842,
              "conf_low": 7.683,
              "estimate": 7.761,
              "group": "Adjusted",
              "n": 2983
            },
            {
              "age": 90,
              "conf_high": 7.892,
              "conf_low": 7.721,
              "estimate": 7.805,
              "group": "Adjusted",
              "n": 2596
            },
            {
              "age": 91,
              "conf_high": 8.046,
              "conf_low": 7.844,
              "estimate": 7.944,
              "group": "Adjusted",
              "n": 1626
            },
            {
              "age": 92,
              "conf_high": 7.944,
              "conf_low": 7.7,
              "estimate": 7.82,
              "group": "Adjusted",
              "n": 1256
            },
            {
              "age": 93,
              "conf_high": 7.992,
              "conf_low": 7.688,
              "estimate": 7.838,
              "group": "Adjusted",
              "n": 802
            },
            {
              "age": 94,
              "conf_high": 8.041,
              "conf_low": 7.67,
              "estimate": 7.862,
              "group": "Adjusted",
              "n": 548
            }
          ],
          "id": "ladder_raw_and_adjusted",
          "notes": [
            "The adjusted profile is the set of age coefficients from a regression with a fixed effect for each year of age and fixed effects for the controls, evaluated at the sample's mix of the controls: the profile among adults with the same mix of sex, marital status, education, household income and survey year."
          ],
          "spec": {
            "colors": {
              "Adjusted": "accent",
              "Raw": "muted"
            },
            "hi": "conf_high",
            "lo": "conf_low",
            "n": "n",
            "series": "group",
            "x": "age",
            "xDomain": [
              18,
              94
            ],
            "xLabel": "Age at interview (years)",
            "xTicks": [
              20,
              30,
              40,
              50,
              60,
              70,
              80,
              90
            ],
            "y": "estimate",
            "yDomain": [
              6.6,
              8.2
            ],
            "yFormat": {
              "digits": 1
            },
            "yLabel": "Mean ladder score (0 to 10)"
          },
          "subtitle": "Cantril ladder score by year of age, raw and adjusted for sex, marital status, education, household income and survey year, adults with all of these reported, Gallup 2009 to 2014",
          "title": "Adjusting for sex, marital status, education, household income and survey year deepens the fall from ages {fact:band_2534} to ages {fact:band_4554} to {fact:fall_adj} ladder points from {fact:fall_cc_raw}",
          "type": "line"
        },
        "label": "Raw and adjusted profiles"
      },
      {
        "figure": {
          "alt": "Dot plot of the age of the lowest ladder score under different adjustments and for groups. Raw estimates sit near age {fact:turn_cc_raw}, adjustments for household income and for all five controls sit near {fact:turn_income} and {fact:turn_all5}, quadratic fits sit near {fact:quad_raw} and {fact:quad_all5}, the lowest income group sits near {fact:turn_inc_low} and the middle group near {fact:turn_inc_mid}.",
          "caption": "Household income moves the point estimate earlier by several years, with an interval that overlaps the raw one, sex leaves it in place, a quadratic fit puts it earlier than the profile does, and the lowest income group's low is later than the middle group's. Dots are turning ages and bars are bootstrap intervals.",
          "data": [
            {
              "age": 53.9,
              "conf_high": 54.3,
              "conf_low": 51.5,
              "group": "Lowest point of the profile",
              "label": "All interviews with a ladder score, raw, 2009 to 2017",
              "n": 2180433
            },
            {
              "age": 54.1,
              "conf_high": 54.6,
              "conf_low": 51,
              "group": "Lowest point of the profile",
              "label": "Interviews with complete controls, raw",
              "n": 1355746
            },
            {
              "age": 54.1,
              "conf_high": 54.6,
              "conf_low": 51.1,
              "group": "Lowest point of the profile",
              "label": "Adjusted for sex",
              "n": 1355746
            },
            {
              "age": 53.9,
              "conf_high": 54.2,
              "conf_low": 48.1,
              "group": "Lowest point of the profile",
              "label": "Adjusted for marital status",
              "n": 1355746
            },
            {
              "age": 54.2,
              "conf_high": 54.7,
              "conf_low": 48.1,
              "group": "Lowest point of the profile",
              "label": "Adjusted for education",
              "n": 1355746
            },
            {
              "age": 48.2,
              "conf_high": 54,
              "conf_low": 47.9,
              "group": "Lowest point of the profile",
              "label": "Adjusted for household income",
              "n": 1355746
            },
            {
              "age": 54.1,
              "conf_high": 54.6,
              "conf_low": 51,
              "group": "Lowest point of the profile",
              "label": "Adjusted for survey year",
              "n": 1355746
            },
            {
              "age": 48.1,
              "conf_high": 53.9,
              "conf_low": 47.8,
              "group": "Lowest point of the profile",
              "label": "Adjusted for all five",
              "n": 1355746
            },
            {
              "age": 54.1,
              "conf_high": 54.6,
              "conf_low": 50.9,
              "group": "Lowest point of the profile",
              "label": "Interviews with a health rating, raw",
              "n": 1354627
            },
            {
              "age": 47.7,
              "conf_high": 48,
              "conf_low": 47,
              "group": "Lowest point of the profile",
              "label": "Adjusted for the five and self-rated health",
              "n": 1354627
            },
            {
              "age": 44.4,
              "conf_high": 44.8,
              "conf_low": 44,
              "group": "Quadratic fit",
              "label": "Raw, quadratic fit",
              "n": 1355746
            },
            {
              "age": 47.1,
              "conf_high": 47.4,
              "conf_low": 46.9,
              "group": "Quadratic fit",
              "label": "Adjusted for all five, quadratic fit",
              "n": 1355746
            },
            {
              "age": 54.4,
              "conf_high": 55,
              "conf_low": 53.9,
              "group": "Within household income groups, 2009 to 2014",
              "label": "Household income under the lower cutoff",
              "n": 485159
            },
            {
              "age": 48.2,
              "conf_high": 50.8,
              "conf_low": 47.8,
              "group": "Within household income groups, 2009 to 2014",
              "label": "Household income between the cutoffs",
              "n": 567870
            },
            {
              "age": 54.4,
              "conf_high": 55.5,
              "conf_low": 50.8,
              "group": "Within county deprivation thirds",
              "label": "Least deprived third of interviews",
              "n": 718005
            },
            {
              "age": 53.9,
              "conf_high": 54.5,
              "conf_low": 52.4,
              "group": "Within county deprivation thirds",
              "label": "Middle third of interviews",
              "n": 730419
            },
            {
              "age": 51.1,
              "conf_high": 53.7,
              "conf_low": 48,
              "group": "Within county deprivation thirds",
              "label": "Most deprived third of interviews",
              "n": 731406
            }
          ],
          "id": "ladder_lowest_point",
          "notes": [
            "The highest income group is not shown. Its lowest five-year average over the whole search, which starts at age 20, is at age {fact:turn_inc_high}, in early adulthood, because its profile rises from there to the late thirties; its midlife fall is described by the change from ages {fact:band_3544} to ages {fact:band_4554} instead. A quadratic is a symmetric curve, and the profile is not symmetric, so its turning age differs from the age of the lowest point; the narrow interval of the quadratic describes the fit and not whether the shape is right."
          ],
          "spec": {
            "colors": {
              "Lowest point of the profile": "cat1",
              "Quadratic fit": "cat2",
              "Within county deprivation thirds": "cat5",
              "Within household income groups, 2009 to 2014": "cat4"
            },
            "group": "group",
            "hi": "conf_high",
            "lo": "conf_low",
            "n": "n",
            "sort": "data",
            "x": "age",
            "xDomain": [
              38,
              60
            ],
            "xFormat": {
              "digits": 0
            },
            "xLabel": "Age of the lowest ladder score (years)",
            "y": "label"
          },
          "subtitle": "Age of the lowest point of the five-year moving average of the mean ladder score by year of age, or the turning age of a fitted quadratic, with 95% intervals from a bootstrap over counties",
          "title": "The lowest point of the ladder profile is at age {fact:turn_cc_raw} raw and {fact:turn_all5} adjusted for five controls, and a quadratic fit puts it at {fact:quad_raw} raw and {fact:quad_all5} adjusted",
          "type": "dot"
        },
        "label": "Age of the lowest point"
      },
      {
        "figure": {
          "alt": "Dot plot with three dots for each of eleven groups: the fall from ages {fact:band_2534} to ages {fact:band_4554}, the fall from ages {fact:band_3544} to ages {fact:band_4554} and the rise after midlife. The rise dots sit right of zero for every group and are largest for the lowest income group. The fall dots sit left of zero for most groups, farthest for the lowest income group and nearest zero for the highest, and right of zero for the highest income group in 2015 to 2017.",
          "caption": "The fall to ages {fact:band_4554} is large for the lowest income group, smaller for the middle group and much smaller for the highest, and the rise after midlife is larger than the fall in every row. In 2015 to 2017 the highest income group's fall from ages {fact:band_2534} is positive, but that group's share of income reporters had risen sharply. Dots are changes in ladder points and bars are bootstrap intervals.",
          "data": [
            {
              "conf_high": -0.189,
              "conf_low": -0.219,
              "estimate": -0.205,
              "group": "Fall, ages 25 to 34 to ages 45 to 54",
              "label": "All adults, raw",
              "n": 1355746
            },
            {
              "conf_high": -0.15,
              "conf_low": -0.175,
              "estimate": -0.162,
              "group": "Fall, ages 35 to 44 to ages 45 to 54",
              "label": "All adults, raw",
              "n": 1355746
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 0.574,
              "conf_low": 0.541,
              "estimate": 0.557,
              "group": "Rise, ages 45 to 54 to ages 75 to 94",
              "label": "All adults, raw",
              "n": 1355746
            },
            {
              "conf_high": -0.303,
              "conf_low": -0.333,
              "estimate": -0.318,
              "group": "Fall, ages 25 to 34 to ages 45 to 54",
              "label": "All adults, adjusted for five controls",
              "n": 1355746
            },
            {
              "conf_high": -0.106,
              "conf_low": -0.133,
              "estimate": -0.119,
              "group": "Fall, ages 35 to 44 to ages 45 to 54",
              "label": "All adults, adjusted for five controls",
              "n": 1355746
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 0.932,
              "conf_low": 0.898,
              "estimate": 0.914,
              "group": "Rise, ages 45 to 54 to ages 75 to 94",
              "label": "All adults, adjusted for five controls",
              "n": 1355746
            },
            {
              "conf_high": -0.559,
              "conf_low": -0.618,
              "estimate": -0.589,
              "group": "Fall, ages 25 to 34 to ages 45 to 54",
              "label": "Household income under the lower cutoff",
              "n": 485159
            },
            {
              "conf_high": -0.242,
              "conf_low": -0.302,
              "estimate": -0.272,
              "group": "Fall, ages 35 to 44 to ages 45 to 54",
              "label": "Household income under the lower cutoff",
              "n": 485159
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 1.182,
              "conf_low": 1.126,
              "estimate": 1.154,
              "group": "Rise, ages 45 to 54 to ages 75 to 94",
              "label": "Household income under the lower cutoff",
              "n": 485159
            },
            {
              "conf_high": -0.255,
              "conf_low": -0.29,
              "estimate": -0.273,
              "group": "Fall, ages 25 to 34 to ages 45 to 54",
              "label": "Household income between the cutoffs",
              "n": 567870
            },
            {
              "conf_high": -0.1,
              "conf_low": -0.131,
              "estimate": -0.116,
              "group": "Fall, ages 35 to 44 to ages 45 to 54",
              "label": "Household income between the cutoffs",
              "n": 567870
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 0.713,
              "conf_low": 0.67,
              "estimate": 0.693,
              "group": "Rise, ages 45 to 54 to ages 75 to 94",
              "label": "Household income between the cutoffs",
              "n": 567870
            },
            {
              "conf_high": -0.029,
              "conf_low": -0.069,
              "estimate": -0.05,
              "group": "Fall, ages 25 to 34 to ages 45 to 54",
              "label": "Household income above the upper cutoff",
              "n": 310559
            },
            {
              "conf_high": -0.051,
              "conf_low": -0.08,
              "estimate": -0.066,
              "group": "Fall, ages 35 to 44 to ages 45 to 54",
              "label": "Household income above the upper cutoff",
              "n": 310559
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 0.398,
              "conf_low": 0.332,
              "estimate": 0.365,
              "group": "Rise, ages 45 to 54 to ages 75 to 94",
              "label": "Household income above the upper cutoff",
              "n": 310559
            },
            {
              "conf_high": -0.366,
              "conf_low": -0.473,
              "estimate": -0.419,
              "group": "Fall, ages 25 to 34 to ages 45 to 54",
              "label": "Under the lower cutoff, 2015 to 2017",
              "n": 126328
            },
            {
              "conf_high": -0.152,
              "conf_low": -0.268,
              "estimate": -0.211,
              "group": "Fall, ages 35 to 44 to ages 45 to 54",
              "label": "Under the lower cutoff, 2015 to 2017",
              "n": 126328
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 1.069,
              "conf_low": 0.957,
              "estimate": 1.014,
              "group": "Rise, ages 45 to 54 to ages 75 to 94",
              "label": "Under the lower cutoff, 2015 to 2017",
              "n": 126328
            },
            {
              "conf_high": -0.141,
              "conf_low": -0.207,
              "estimate": -0.174,
              "group": "Fall, ages 25 to 34 to ages 45 to 54",
              "label": "Between the cutoffs, 2015 to 2017",
              "n": 166352
            },
            {
              "conf_high": -0.059,
              "conf_low": -0.126,
              "estimate": -0.093,
              "group": "Fall, ages 35 to 44 to ages 45 to 54",
              "label": "Between the cutoffs, 2015 to 2017",
              "n": 166352
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 0.793,
              "conf_low": 0.723,
              "estimate": 0.759,
              "group": "Rise, ages 45 to 54 to ages 75 to 94",
              "label": "Between the cutoffs, 2015 to 2017",
              "n": 166352
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 0.122,
              "conf_low": 0.065,
              "estimate": 0.093,
              "group": "Fall, ages 25 to 34 to ages 45 to 54",
              "label": "Above the upper cutoff, 2015 to 2017",
              "n": 139811
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 0.008,
              "conf_low": -0.041,
              "estimate": -0.017,
              "group": "Fall, ages 35 to 44 to ages 45 to 54",
              "label": "Above the upper cutoff, 2015 to 2017",
              "n": 139811
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 0.49,
              "conf_low": 0.396,
              "estimate": 0.444,
              "group": "Rise, ages 45 to 54 to ages 75 to 94",
              "label": "Above the upper cutoff, 2015 to 2017",
              "n": 139811
            },
            {
              "conf_high": -0.085,
              "conf_low": -0.139,
              "estimate": -0.113,
              "group": "Fall, ages 25 to 34 to ages 45 to 54",
              "label": "Least deprived third of interviews",
              "n": 718005
            },
            {
              "conf_high": -0.116,
              "conf_low": -0.151,
              "estimate": -0.134,
              "group": "Fall, ages 35 to 44 to ages 45 to 54",
              "label": "Least deprived third of interviews",
              "n": 718005
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 0.524,
              "conf_low": 0.47,
              "estimate": 0.497,
              "group": "Rise, ages 45 to 54 to ages 75 to 94",
              "label": "Least deprived third of interviews",
              "n": 718005
            },
            {
              "conf_high": -0.116,
              "conf_low": -0.163,
              "estimate": -0.139,
              "group": "Fall, ages 25 to 34 to ages 45 to 54",
              "label": "Middle third of interviews",
              "n": 730419
            },
            {
              "conf_high": -0.128,
              "conf_low": -0.161,
              "estimate": -0.144,
              "group": "Fall, ages 35 to 44 to ages 45 to 54",
              "label": "Middle third of interviews",
              "n": 730419
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 0.579,
              "conf_low": 0.527,
              "estimate": 0.553,
              "group": "Rise, ages 45 to 54 to ages 75 to 94",
              "label": "Middle third of interviews",
              "n": 730419
            },
            {
              "conf_high": -0.153,
              "conf_low": -0.193,
              "estimate": -0.172,
              "group": "Fall, ages 25 to 34 to ages 45 to 54",
              "label": "Most deprived third of interviews",
              "n": 731406
            },
            {
              "conf_high": -0.116,
              "conf_low": -0.152,
              "estimate": -0.134,
              "group": "Fall, ages 35 to 44 to ages 45 to 54",
              "label": "Most deprived third of interviews",
              "n": 731406
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 0.6,
              "conf_low": 0.56,
              "estimate": 0.58,
              "group": "Rise, ages 45 to 54 to ages 75 to 94",
              "label": "Most deprived third of interviews",
              "n": 731406
            }
          ],
          "id": "ladder_fall_and_rise",
          "spec": {
            "colors": {
              "Fall, ages 25 to 34 to ages 45 to 54": "highlight",
              "Fall, ages 35 to 44 to ages 45 to 54": "muted",
              "Rise, ages 45 to 54 to ages 75 to 94": "accent"
            },
            "group": "group",
            "hi": "conf_high",
            "lo": "conf_low",
            "n": "n",
            "reference": 0,
            "referenceLabel": "No change",
            "sort": "data",
            "x": "estimate",
            "xDomain": [
              -0.8,
              1.4
            ],
            "xFormat": {
              "digits": 2,
              "signed": true
            },
            "xLabel": "Change in mean ladder score (ladder points)",
            "y": "label"
          },
          "subtitle": "Change in the mean ladder score between age bands, as the mean of the profile in the later band minus the earlier band, with 95% intervals from a bootstrap over counties",
          "title": "The fall in the ladder from ages {fact:band_2534} to ages {fact:band_4554} is {fact:fall_inc_low} points in households under {fact:inc_cut_low} and {fact:fall_inc_high} in households of {fact:inc_cut_high} or more, where the fall from ages {fact:band_3544} is {fact:midfall_inc_high}",
          "type": "dot"
        },
        "label": "Fall and rise"
      }
    ]
  },
  "subtitle": "Cantril ladder score by year of age, raw and adjusted, the age of its lowest point under different adjustments and for groups, and the fall and rise between age bands, Gallup 2009 to 2017",
  "title": "Adjusting for household income moves the lowest point of the ladder profile from age {fact:turn_cc_raw} to age {fact:turn_income} with overlapping intervals, and a quadratic fit puts it at age {fact:quad_raw}, so no single age is the turning point",
  "type": "tabs",
  "width": "wide"
}