{
  "alt": "Dumbbell chart with two blocks of five rows. In the block for mothers aged {fact:band_1524}, the share is lowest in the least deprived quartile and highest in the most deprived, and in each row the 2024 dot is left of the 2018 dot. In the block for mothers aged {fact:band_3544}, the share is highest in the least deprived quartile and lowest in the most deprived, and in each row the 2024 dot is right of the 2018 dot.",
  "caption": "In the first block the 2024 dot lies left of the 2018 dot in every row, and in the second block it lies right. Rows move steadily with deprivation, and the distance between the top and bottom quartile rows is wider than the distance any dot moved. Shares are pooled over counties and use births in published age cells.",
  "data": [
    {
      "group_label": "All named counties",
      "hi1": 22.67,
      "hi2": 19.48,
      "lo1": 20.99,
      "lo2": 17.98,
      "measure": "Mothers aged 15 to 24",
      "n_units": 578,
      "y2018": 21.83,
      "y2024": 18.73
    },
    {
      "group_label": "Least deprived quartile",
      "hi1": 18.27,
      "hi2": 15.51,
      "lo1": 15.57,
      "lo2": 13.42,
      "measure": "Mothers aged 15 to 24",
      "n_units": 144,
      "y2018": 16.96,
      "y2024": 14.46
    },
    {
      "group_label": "Second quartile",
      "hi1": 22.09,
      "hi2": 18.75,
      "lo1": 20.07,
      "lo2": 16.95,
      "measure": "Mothers aged 15 to 24",
      "n_units": 145,
      "y2018": 21.01,
      "y2024": 17.8
    },
    {
      "group_label": "Third quartile",
      "hi1": 26.55,
      "hi2": 23.11,
      "lo1": 24.72,
      "lo2": 21.2,
      "measure": "Mothers aged 15 to 24",
      "n_units": 144,
      "y2018": 25.63,
      "y2024": 22.18
    },
    {
      "group_label": "Most deprived quartile",
      "hi1": 32.08,
      "hi2": 28.03,
      "lo1": 29.93,
      "lo2": 25.83,
      "measure": "Mothers aged 15 to 24",
      "n_units": 145,
      "y2018": 30.94,
      "y2024": 26.91
    },
    {
      "group_label": "All named counties",
      "hi1": 20.51,
      "hi2": 23.8,
      "lo1": 18.92,
      "lo2": 22.08,
      "measure": "Mothers aged 35 to 44",
      "n_units": 578,
      "y2018": 19.72,
      "y2024": 22.95
    },
    {
      "group_label": "Least deprived quartile",
      "hi1": 25.46,
      "hi2": 29.18,
      "lo1": 23.05,
      "lo2": 26.4,
      "measure": "Mothers aged 35 to 44",
      "n_units": 144,
      "y2018": 24.32,
      "y2024": 27.84
    },
    {
      "group_label": "Second quartile",
      "hi1": 20.45,
      "hi2": 23.86,
      "lo1": 18.51,
      "lo2": 21.75,
      "measure": "Mothers aged 35 to 44",
      "n_units": 145,
      "y2018": 19.53,
      "y2024": 22.86
    },
    {
      "group_label": "Third quartile",
      "hi1": 16.41,
      "hi2": 19.4,
      "lo1": 15.17,
      "lo2": 18.01,
      "measure": "Mothers aged 35 to 44",
      "n_units": 144,
      "y2018": 15.87,
      "y2024": 18.76
    },
    {
      "group_label": "Most deprived quartile",
      "hi1": 13.5,
      "hi2": 16.52,
      "lo1": 12.5,
      "lo2": 15.07,
      "measure": "Mothers aged 35 to 44",
      "n_units": 145,
      "y2018": 13.01,
      "y2024": 15.79
    }
  ],
  "id": "mother_age_by_deprivation",
  "notes": [
    "The named counties are the {fact:counties_used} that CDC WONDER natality identifies in every year from 2018 to 2024: counties with {fact:wonder_threshold} or more residents in the population vintage WONDER uses, which is earlier than the 2020 Census. WONDER pools the births of every other county in a state into one row, so those counties are not in the named counties.",
    "A tract's Area Deprivation Index national rank (1 is least deprived, 100 most) is the unweighted mean of the ranks of its block groups. A county's deprivation rank is the mean of its tracts' ranks weighted by 2019-2023 tract population. Quartiles hold equal numbers of the named counties, so the most deprived quartile is relative to large counties and not to the nation. The index is a measure of neighborhoods, averaged to counties.",
    "Intervals are 95% intervals from a bootstrap over counties (replicates and seed in the methods note). Births are full counts, so an interval shows how much a pooled figure depends on which counties are in the group, not sampling error in the counts. Shares are of births to mothers aged {fact:band_1544}; mothers under {fact:age_15} and mothers {fact:age_45} and over are left out, and withheld cells are missing."
  ],
  "source": "CDC WONDER natality, births in 2018-2024; full counts of births by mother's age; counties grouped by Area Deprivation Index 2023 with ACS 2019-2023 tract population (population-weighted); pooled over counties by births (births-weighted); intervals from a bootstrap over counties",
  "spec": {
    "deltaLabel": "Change (points)",
    "group": "measure",
    "hi1": "hi1",
    "hi2": "hi2",
    "label1": "2018",
    "label2": "2024",
    "lo1": "lo1",
    "lo2": "lo2",
    "n1": "n_units",
    "n2": "n_units",
    "sort": "data",
    "x1": "y2018",
    "x2": "y2024",
    "xDomain": [
      0,
      40
    ],
    "xFormat": {
      "digits": 1
    },
    "xLabel": "Share of births to mothers aged 15 to 44 (%)",
    "y": "group_label"
  },
  "subtitle": "Share of births to mothers aged {fact:band_1524} and to mothers aged {fact:band_3544}, among births to mothers aged {fact:band_1544}, by quartile of county deprivation rank, 2018 and 2024, with 95% intervals from a bootstrap over counties",
  "title": "In every quartile of county deprivation the share of births to older mothers rose and the share to younger mothers fell, and the differences between quartiles are larger than those changes",
  "type": "dumbbell",
  "width": "wide"
}