{
  "alt": "Stacked bar chart with five bars, one for each group of tract clusters above the lowest-rate group, ordered by homicide rate from left to right. The bars grow taller to the right. In each bar a lower segment shows the part attributed to homicide and a taller upper segment shows the remainder, and the lower segment takes a larger share of the bar at the right.",
  "caption": "The difference grows with the homicide rate, and the homicide part grows faster, so it is a larger share of the difference in each higher group. Each bar is the observed difference in life expectancy for deaths in 2010 to 2015 from the lowest-rate group. The lower segment is the part attributed to homicide by rough accounting and the upper segment is the remainder.",
  "data": [
    {
      "band": "Over 2 to 5",
      "component": "Homicide (rough accounting)",
      "conf_high": 0.055,
      "conf_low": 0.046,
      "years": 0.051
    },
    {
      "band": "Over 2 to 5",
      "component": "All other causes (remainder)",
      "conf_high": 1.245,
      "conf_low": 0.94,
      "years": 1.087
    },
    {
      "band": "Over 5 to 10",
      "component": "Homicide (rough accounting)",
      "conf_high": 0.14,
      "conf_low": 0.127,
      "years": 0.134
    },
    {
      "band": "Over 5 to 10",
      "component": "All other causes (remainder)",
      "conf_high": 2.418,
      "conf_low": 2.028,
      "years": 2.217
    },
    {
      "band": "Over 10 to 20",
      "component": "Homicide (rough accounting)",
      "conf_high": 0.334,
      "conf_low": 0.305,
      "years": 0.319
    },
    {
      "band": "Over 10 to 20",
      "component": "All other causes (remainder)",
      "conf_high": 3.903,
      "conf_low": 3.426,
      "years": 3.666
    },
    {
      "band": "Over 20 to 40",
      "component": "Homicide (rough accounting)",
      "conf_high": 0.755,
      "conf_low": 0.675,
      "years": 0.718
    },
    {
      "band": "Over 20 to 40",
      "component": "All other causes (remainder)",
      "conf_high": 5.425,
      "conf_low": 4.742,
      "years": 5.092
    },
    {
      "band": "Over 40",
      "component": "Homicide (rough accounting)",
      "conf_high": 1.622,
      "conf_low": 1.345,
      "years": 1.496
    },
    {
      "band": "Over 40",
      "component": "All other causes (remainder)",
      "conf_high": 6.981,
      "conf_low": 6.167,
      "years": 6.581
    }
  ],
  "id": "gap_by_violence_band",
  "notes": [
    "Clusters are ranked on the mean of two of the three annual rates, and the rate used in the accounting is the third year's, put on the level of the three-year mean by one national factor. The figure averages the three ways of leaving out a year. If the annual errors in a cluster's rate are independent, this keeps chance from inflating the rate of a group chosen for its high rate: the highest group's rate is {fact:band_top_rate} this way and would be {fact:band_top_rate_naive} if the same years chose the group and measured it. About {fact:band_top_modeled} of the highest group's residents have a 2024 rate that is a modeled, provisional estimate.",
    "The groups differ between the three ways of leaving out a year. The highest group holds {fact:band_top_tracts_min} to {fact:band_top_tracts_max} tracts, {fact:band_top_clusters_min} to {fact:band_top_clusters_max} clusters and {fact:band_top_counties_min} to {fact:band_top_counties_max} counties, and the {fact:band_top_topn} counties with most of its residents hold {fact:band_top_top10_min} to {fact:band_top_top10_max} of them, so its interval rests on few counties. Using only 2022 and 2023, one year placing a cluster and the other measuring it, the highest group's share is {fact:band_top_share_final}.",
    "Groups hold the residents of tracts outside New York City whose cluster has a rate in every year. The lowest group, rates up to {fact:band_cut_ref}, has a mean rate of {fact:band_ref_rate} and a life expectancy of {fact:band_ref_le} years.",
    "Life expectancy is the USALEEP estimate for deaths in 2010 to 2015, area-weighted from 2010 onto 2020 tracts; tracts where group quarters hold a large share of residents are left out. Tenths hold equal numbers of tracts and means are weighted by residents.",
    "Intervals are 95% intervals from a bootstrap that draws whole counties with replacement (replicates and seed are in the methods note)."
  ],
  "source": "CDC Mapping Injury, Overdose, and Violence, tract file, homicide, 2022-2024 (modeled estimates for tract clusters); USALEEP life expectancy, 2010-2015; Area Deprivation Index 2023; years of life lost per death assumed from published estimates; population-weighted",
  "spec": {
    "category": "band",
    "categoryLabel": "Homicide rate of the tract cluster, deaths per 100,000 residents a year, 2022 to 2024",
    "colors": {
      "All other causes (remainder)": "muted",
      "Homicide (rough accounting)": "homicide"
    },
    "format": {
      "digits": 1
    },
    "group": "component",
    "hi": "conf_high",
    "lo": "conf_low",
    "orientation": "v",
    "sort": "data",
    "stack": true,
    "value": "years",
    "valueLabel": "Years of life expectancy below the lowest-rate group"
  },
  "subtitle": "Years of life expectancy at birth below the lowest-rate group of tract clusters, by group of clusters ranked on the homicide rate for 2022 to 2024: the observed difference split into the part attributed to homicide and a remainder",
  "title": "Life expectancy is {fact:band_top_gap} years lower in clusters with homicide rates over {fact:band_cut_top} per hundred thousand than in clusters with rates up to {fact:band_cut_ref}, and homicide accounts for {fact:band_top_share} of the difference",
  "type": "bar"
}