{
  "alt": "Line chart with two lines across ten tenths of tracts ordered by deprivation. The observed line starts at zero in the least deprived tenth and climbs steadily to its highest point in the most deprived. The homicide line stays close to zero through most of the range and turns up at the last tenth, ending far below the observed line.",
  "caption": "Both lines rise with deprivation, and the homicide line stays far below the observed line, with its largest step at the most deprived tenth. The observed line subtracts each tenth's life expectancy from that of the least deprived tenth. The homicide line multiplies each tenth's homicide rate, its life expectancy and an assumed {fact:yll_setting} years of life lost per homicide, and subtracts the least deprived tenth's product. Intervals are 95% intervals from a bootstrap over counties.",
  "data": [
    {
      "conf_high": null,
      "conf_low": null,
      "decile": 1,
      "estimate": 0,
      "n_units": 7820,
      "series": "All causes (observed)"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": null,
      "conf_low": null,
      "decile": 1,
      "estimate": 0,
      "n_units": 6479,
      "series": "Homicide (rough accounting)"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 1.551,
      "conf_low": 1.031,
      "decile": 2,
      "estimate": 1.333,
      "n_units": 7860,
      "series": "All causes (observed)"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.04,
      "conf_low": 0.015,
      "decile": 2,
      "estimate": 0.028,
      "n_units": 6827,
      "series": "Homicide (rough accounting)"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 2.25,
      "conf_low": 1.654,
      "decile": 3,
      "estimate": 1.982,
      "n_units": 7737,
      "series": "All causes (observed)"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.052,
      "conf_low": 0.029,
      "decile": 3,
      "estimate": 0.041,
      "n_units": 7072,
      "series": "Homicide (rough accounting)"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 2.82,
      "conf_low": 2.229,
      "decile": 4,
      "estimate": 2.542,
      "n_units": 7757,
      "series": "All causes (observed)"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.077,
      "conf_low": 0.048,
      "decile": 4,
      "estimate": 0.062,
      "n_units": 7220,
      "series": "Homicide (rough accounting)"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 3.444,
      "conf_low": 2.852,
      "decile": 5,
      "estimate": 3.169,
      "n_units": 7613,
      "series": "All causes (observed)"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.097,
      "conf_low": 0.066,
      "decile": 5,
      "estimate": 0.082,
      "n_units": 7178,
      "series": "Homicide (rough accounting)"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 4.163,
      "conf_low": 3.59,
      "decile": 6,
      "estimate": 3.894,
      "n_units": 8031,
      "series": "All causes (observed)"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.128,
      "conf_low": 0.088,
      "decile": 6,
      "estimate": 0.108,
      "n_units": 7602,
      "series": "Homicide (rough accounting)"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 4.873,
      "conf_low": 4.295,
      "decile": 7,
      "estimate": 4.601,
      "n_units": 7722,
      "series": "All causes (observed)"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.172,
      "conf_low": 0.115,
      "decile": 7,
      "estimate": 0.142,
      "n_units": 7317,
      "series": "Homicide (rough accounting)"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 5.688,
      "conf_low": 5.091,
      "decile": 8,
      "estimate": 5.405,
      "n_units": 7844,
      "series": "All causes (observed)"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.209,
      "conf_low": 0.143,
      "decile": 8,
      "estimate": 0.174,
      "n_units": 7495,
      "series": "Homicide (rough accounting)"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 6.703,
      "conf_low": 6.091,
      "decile": 9,
      "estimate": 6.415,
      "n_units": 7708,
      "series": "All causes (observed)"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.245,
      "conf_low": 0.17,
      "decile": 9,
      "estimate": 0.205,
      "n_units": 7425,
      "series": "Homicide (rough accounting)"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 8.665,
      "conf_low": 7.87,
      "decile": 10,
      "estimate": 8.278,
      "n_units": 7844,
      "series": "All causes (observed)"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.459,
      "conf_low": 0.331,
      "decile": 10,
      "estimate": 0.395,
      "n_units": 7610,
      "series": "Homicide (rough accounting)"
    }
  ],
  "id": "gap_by_tenth",
  "notes": [
    "Life expectancy is the USALEEP estimate for deaths in 2010 to 2015, area-weighted from 2010 onto 2020 tracts; tracts where group quarters hold a large share of residents are left out. Tenths hold equal numbers of tracts and means are weighted by residents.",
    "The accounting is a rough one, not an age-specific decomposition: it multiplies a crude homicide rate by life expectancy to get the lifetime risk of dying of homicide, and by the years of life a death takes, assumed to be {fact:yll_setting} for every tenth. The rates are for 2022 to 2024 and life expectancy is for deaths in 2010 to 2015.",
    "The two lines rest on different tracts. The observed line uses every tract of each tenth, and the homicide line uses the tracts with a published rate, applying each tenth's rate to the whole tenth.",
    "New York City is left out of every rate: its tracts hold {fact:nyc_pop} of residents in the gradient and carry rates near zero in CDC's tract file, a mean of {fact:nyc_tract_rate} per hundred thousand against {fact:nyc_county_rate} in the county file, with {fact:nyc_zero_share} of its tracts at exactly zero. A further {fact:withheld_pop} of residents live in clusters where CDC withholds the rate in at least one year, and {fact:cover_pop} are in tracts with a rate.",
    "The homicide rate is CDC's modeled estimate for a cluster of about five neighboring tracts, repeated on each tract; a tract's rate is the mean of its cluster's annual rates for 2022 to 2024. 2024 is provisional.",
    "Intervals are 95% intervals from a bootstrap that draws whole counties with replacement (replicates and seed are in the methods note)."
  ],
  "source": "CDC Mapping Injury, Overdose, and Violence, tract file, homicide, 2022-2024 (modeled estimates for tract clusters); USALEEP life expectancy, 2010-2015; Area Deprivation Index 2023; years of life lost per death assumed from published estimates; population-weighted",
  "spec": {
    "bandSeries": [
      "All causes (observed)",
      "Homicide (rough accounting)"
    ],
    "colors": {
      "All causes (observed)": "total",
      "Homicide (rough accounting)": "homicide"
    },
    "hi": "conf_high",
    "lo": "conf_low",
    "n": "n_units",
    "series": "series",
    "x": "decile",
    "xDomain": [
      1,
      10
    ],
    "xLabel": "Tenth of tracts by Area Deprivation Index (1 = least deprived, 10 = most deprived)",
    "xTicks": [
      1,
      2,
      3,
      4,
      5,
      6,
      7,
      8,
      9,
      10
    ],
    "y": "estimate",
    "yDomain": [
      0,
      9.5
    ],
    "yFormat": {
      "digits": 1
    },
    "yLabel": "Years of life expectancy below the least deprived tenth"
  },
  "subtitle": "Years of life expectancy at birth below the least deprived tenth, by tenth of tracts on the Area Deprivation Index: observed for deaths in 2010 to 2015, and the part attributed to homicide by a rough accounting with homicide rates for 2022 to 2024",
  "title": "Homicide accounts for {fact:viol_gap_years} of the {fact:le_decile_drop} years by which life expectancy is lower in the most deprived tenth of tracts than in the least deprived",
  "type": "line"
}