{
  "alt": "Horizontal bar chart of how much four gaps vary across counties relative to each gap's average. The white-Hispanic bar is longest, the white-Black bar is next, and the income and boys-minus-girls reading bars are the shortest and similar in length. A second view shows the spreads in standard deviations.",
  "caption": "The white–Hispanic bar is longest, the white–Black bar next, and the income and reading bars are shortest and close in length. The second view shows the same spreads in standard deviations, where the white–Black, white–Hispanic and income bars are several times longer than the reading bar because those gaps are also larger. Each bar is a weighted spread across the same {fact:n_common} counties, with a 95% interval from a bootstrap over states.",
  "data": [
    {
      "cv": 0.326,
      "cv_high": 0.353,
      "cv_low": 0.3,
      "cv_unweighted": 0.375,
      "gap": "White minus Black, math",
      "median_se": 0.028,
      "n": 2020,
      "sd": 0.238,
      "sd_high": 0.256,
      "sd_low": 0.218,
      "sd_unweighted": 0.209
    },
    {
      "cv": 0.433,
      "cv_high": 0.484,
      "cv_low": 0.388,
      "cv_unweighted": 0.606,
      "gap": "White minus Hispanic, math",
      "median_se": 0.025,
      "n": 2020,
      "sd": 0.229,
      "sd_high": 0.249,
      "sd_low": 0.207,
      "sd_unweighted": 0.209
    },
    {
      "cv": 0.274,
      "cv_high": 0.291,
      "cv_low": 0.255,
      "cv_unweighted": 0.288,
      "gap": "Not disadvantaged minus disadvantaged, math",
      "median_se": 0.011,
      "n": 2020,
      "sd": 0.189,
      "sd_high": 0.201,
      "sd_low": 0.174,
      "sd_unweighted": 0.157
    },
    {
      "cv": 0.244,
      "cv_high": 0.293,
      "cv_low": 0.187,
      "cv_unweighted": 0.299,
      "gap": "Boys minus girls, reading",
      "median_se": 0.01,
      "n": 2020,
      "sd": 0.059,
      "sd_high": 0.069,
      "sd_low": 0.047,
      "sd_unweighted": 0.069
    }
  ],
  "id": "place_made_gaps",
  "notes": [
    "Relative spread is the weighted standard deviation across counties divided by the weighted average gap, so a larger gap has no more room to vary. Counting each county once gives a ratio of {fact:ratio_sd_unw} for the standard deviations and {fact:ratio_cv_unw} for the relative spreads. The median standard error of a county's white–Black gap is {fact:se_wbg_med} standard deviations and of its boys minus girls reading gap {fact:se_mfg_rla_med}.",
    "The archive shrinks small counties toward the mean, which lowers every spread, most for the gaps measured least precisely. The boys minus girls gap appears only as a yardstick."
  ],
  "source": "Stanford Education Data Archive 6.0, 2009-2019 (county gaps, math and reading, standard-deviation scale); weighted by tests counted, modeled estimates",
  "spec": {
    "category": "gap",
    "domain": [
      0,
      0.7
    ],
    "format": {
      "digits": 2
    },
    "hi": "cv_high",
    "lo": "cv_low",
    "n": "n",
    "orientation": "h",
    "sort": "desc",
    "value": "cv",
    "valueLabel": "Spread across counties relative to the average gap (standard deviation divided by the mean)"
  },
  "subtitle": "Standard deviation across counties of each gap divided by the average gap, counties with all four gaps, weighted by the tests of the two groups in each gap",
  "title": "Relative to its average size, the white–Black math gap varies {fact:ratio_cv} times as much across counties as the boys minus girls reading gap",
  "type": "bar",
  "views": [
    {
      "id": "relative",
      "label": "Relative to the average gap"
    },
    {
      "id": "absolute",
      "label": "Standard deviation",
      "spec": {
        "domain": [
          0,
          0.32
        ],
        "hi": "sd_high",
        "lo": "sd_low",
        "value": "sd",
        "valueLabel": "Spread across counties (standard deviations of the national cohort)"
      }
    }
  ],
  "width": "body"
}