{
  "ach_bottom": {
    "display": "−4.3",
    "estimand": "county average of math and reading (grade-level scale, minus the grade the pooled estimate is centered on)",
    "n": 15890,
    "nUnit": "tests",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled",
    "population": "the county with the lowest average of math and reading, Kusilvak Census Area, AK",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "grade levels from the national average (positive is above)",
    "value": -4.27118,
    "weights": "none (one county)"
  },
  "ach_inc_d1": {
    "ci": [
      -1.44,
      -0.75
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−1.12",
    "estimand": "weighted mean of the county average of math and reading within the tenth (equal numbers of counties), bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 299,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled; median household income for 2022",
    "population": "counties in the lowest tenth by median household income, among counties with a SEDA average for both math and reading and a median household income",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "grade levels from the national average (positive is above)",
    "value": -1.12128,
    "weights": "math and reading tests counted for all students in the county"
  },
  "ach_inc_d10": {
    "ci": [
      0.02,
      0.87
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.41",
    "estimand": "weighted mean of the county average of math and reading within the tenth (equal numbers of counties), bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 300,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled; median household income for 2022",
    "population": "counties in the highest tenth by median household income, among counties with a SEDA average for both math and reading and a median household income",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "grade levels from the national average (positive is above)",
    "value": 0.406618,
    "weights": "math and reading tests counted for all students in the county"
  },
  "ach_p5": {
    "display": "−1.27",
    "estimand": "5th percentile of the county average of math and reading, counties weighted by tests counted",
    "n": 3000,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "A spread of the county averages, not an interval.",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled",
    "population": "counties with a SEDA average for both math and reading",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "grade levels from the national average (positive is above)",
    "value": -1.27146,
    "weights": "math and reading tests counted for all students in the county"
  },
  "ach_p5_unw": {
    "display": "−1.57",
    "estimand": "5th percentile of the county average of math and reading, each county counted once",
    "n": 3000,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled",
    "population": "counties with a SEDA average for both math and reading",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "grade levels from the national average (positive is above)",
    "value": -1.56522,
    "weights": "none (each county counts once)"
  },
  "ach_p95": {
    "display": "+1.27",
    "estimand": "95th percentile of the county average of math and reading, counties weighted by tests counted",
    "n": 3000,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "A spread of the county averages, not an interval.",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled",
    "population": "counties with a SEDA average for both math and reading",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "grade levels from the national average (positive is above)",
    "value": 1.27243,
    "weights": "math and reading tests counted for all students in the county"
  },
  "ach_p95_unw": {
    "display": "+1.01",
    "estimand": "95th percentile of the county average of math and reading, each county counted once",
    "n": 3000,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled",
    "population": "counties with a SEDA average for both math and reading",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "grade levels from the national average (positive is above)",
    "value": 1.01296,
    "weights": "none (each county counts once)"
  },
  "ach_spread": {
    "display": "2.54",
    "estimand": "95th minus 5th percentile of the county average of math and reading, counties weighted by tests counted",
    "n": 3000,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "A spread of the county averages, not an interval. The first edition's span from the lowest to the highest county rested on two counties.",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled",
    "population": "counties with a SEDA average for both math and reading",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "grade levels",
    "value": 2.54389,
    "weights": "math and reading tests counted for all students in the county"
  },
  "ach_spread_unw": {
    "display": "2.58",
    "estimand": "95th minus 5th percentile of the county average of math and reading, each county counted once",
    "n": 3000,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled",
    "population": "counties with a SEDA average for both math and reading",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "grade levels",
    "value": 2.57819,
    "weights": "none (each county counts once)"
  },
  "ach_top": {
    "display": "+2.3",
    "estimand": "county average of math and reading (grade-level scale, minus the grade the pooled estimate is centered on)",
    "n": 433229,
    "nUnit": "tests",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled",
    "population": "the county with the highest average of math and reading, Forsyth County, GA",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "grade levels from the national average (positive is above)",
    "value": 2.34761,
    "weights": "none (one county)"
  },
  "asn_level": {
    "ci": [
      0.5,
      0.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.66",
    "estimand": "mean math achievement of the group relative to the national average of all students, over counties that report the group, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 1563,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "Race and ethnicity groups follow the federal categories that states report: they are mutually exclusive, and Hispanic students of any race form their own group.",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math)",
    "population": "Asian students in counties that report the group",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "standard deviations of the national cohort",
    "value": 0.661943,
    "weights": "the group's math tests counted in each county"
  },
  "asn_level_unw": {
    "ci": [
      0.39,
      0.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.44",
    "estimand": "mean math achievement of the group relative to the national average of all students, each county counted once, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 1563,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "Race and ethnicity groups follow the federal categories that states report: they are mutually exclusive, and Hispanic students of any race form their own group.",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math)",
    "population": "Asian students in counties that report the group",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "standard deviations of the national cohort",
    "value": 0.444501,
    "weights": "none (each county counts once)"
  },
  "b_black": {
    "ci": [
      0,
      0.07
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.03",
    "estimand": "coefficient on the Black share of residents (standardized) in one weighted regression with state fixed effects, errors clustered on state",
    "n": 1849,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math); school segregation for the 2022 to 2023 school year, residential segregation for 2018 to 2022 (County Health Rankings 2024)",
    "population": "counties with a white minus Black math gap and a school segregation index, a residential segregation index, the Black share of residents and median household income",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "standard deviations of the national cohort of the white minus Black gap per standard deviation of the measure",
    "value": 0.0330319,
    "weights": "math tests counted for the two groups in the gap"
  },
  "b_inc": {
    "ci": [
      0.06,
      0.11
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.09",
    "estimand": "coefficient on the log of median household income (standardized) in one weighted regression with state fixed effects, errors clustered on state",
    "n": 1849,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math); school segregation for the 2022 to 2023 school year, residential segregation for 2018 to 2022 (County Health Rankings 2024)",
    "population": "counties with a white minus Black math gap and a school segregation index, a residential segregation index, the Black share of residents and median household income",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "standard deviations of the national cohort of the white minus Black gap per standard deviation of the measure",
    "value": 0.0886276,
    "weights": "math tests counted for the two groups in the gap"
  },
  "b_resid": {
    "ci": [
      -0.04,
      0.02
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.01",
    "estimand": "coefficient on the Black-white residential segregation index (standardized) in one weighted regression with state fixed effects, errors clustered on state",
    "n": 1849,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math); school segregation for the 2022 to 2023 school year, residential segregation for 2018 to 2022 (County Health Rankings 2024)",
    "population": "counties with a white minus Black math gap and a school segregation index, a residential segregation index, the Black share of residents and median household income",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "standard deviations of the national cohort of the white minus Black gap per standard deviation of the measure",
    "value": -0.0118568,
    "weights": "math tests counted for the two groups in the gap"
  },
  "b_resseg": {
    "ci": [
      0.02,
      0.12
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.07",
    "estimand": "slope of the gap on the standardized residential index in a weighted regression with state fixed effects (no other measure), errors clustered on state",
    "n": 1859,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math); school segregation for the 2022 to 2023 school year, residential segregation for 2018 to 2022 (County Health Rankings 2024)",
    "population": "counties with a white minus Black math gap and a Black-white residential segregation index",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "standard deviations of the national cohort of the white minus Black gap per standard deviation of the residential index",
    "value": 0.0719336,
    "weights": "math tests counted for the two groups in the gap"
  },
  "b_school": {
    "ci": [
      0.08,
      0.13
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.11",
    "estimand": "coefficient on the school segregation index (standardized) in one weighted regression with state fixed effects, errors clustered on state",
    "n": 1849,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math); school segregation for the 2022 to 2023 school year, residential segregation for 2018 to 2022 (County Health Rankings 2024)",
    "population": "counties with a white minus Black math gap and a school segregation index, a residential segregation index, the Black share of residents and median household income",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "standard deviations of the national cohort of the white minus Black gap per standard deviation of the measure",
    "value": 0.106287,
    "weights": "math tests counted for the two groups in the gap"
  },
  "b_seg": {
    "ci": [
      0.09,
      0.14
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.11",
    "estimand": "slope of the gap on the standardized school segregation index in a weighted regression with state fixed effects, errors clustered on state",
    "n": 2101,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math); school segregation for the 2022 to 2023 school year, residential segregation for 2018 to 2022 (County Health Rankings 2024)",
    "population": "counties with a white minus Black math gap and a school segregation index",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "standard deviations of the national cohort of the white minus Black gap per standard deviation of the index",
    "value": 0.112414,
    "weights": "math tests counted for the two groups in the gap"
  },
  "blk_level": {
    "ci": [
      -0.59,
      -0.48
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.53",
    "estimand": "mean math achievement of the group relative to the national average of all students, over counties that report the group, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 2133,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "Race and ethnicity groups follow the federal categories that states report: they are mutually exclusive, and Hispanic students of any race form their own group.",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math)",
    "population": "Black students in counties that report the group",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "standard deviations of the national cohort",
    "value": -0.532341,
    "weights": "the group's math tests counted in each county"
  },
  "blk_level_unw": {
    "ci": [
      -0.51,
      -0.43
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.47",
    "estimand": "mean math achievement of the group relative to the national average of all students, each county counted once, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 2133,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "Race and ethnicity groups follow the federal categories that states report: they are mutually exclusive, and Hispanic students of any race form their own group.",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math)",
    "population": "Black students in counties that report the group",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "standard deviations of the national cohort",
    "value": -0.471154,
    "weights": "none (each county counts once)"
  },
  "both_diff": {
    "ci": [
      0.02,
      0.06
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.04",
    "estimand": "difference between the weighted mean white minus Black gap and the weighted mean income gap over the same districts, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 5658,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math)",
    "population": "geographic school districts with a math estimate for both the white minus Black gap and the income gap",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "standard deviations of the national cohort, white minus Black gap minus income gap",
    "value": 0.0406624,
    "weights": "math tests counted for the two groups in the gap"
  },
  "both_n": {
    "display": "5,658",
    "estimand": "count of districts that report both gaps",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math)",
    "population": "geographic school districts with a math estimate for both the white minus Black gap and the income gap",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "districts",
    "value": 5658,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "class_var": {
    "ci": [
      57,
      71
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "64%",
    "estimand": "square of the weighted correlation (the share of weighted variance in the county race gap that the income gap accounts for)",
    "n": 2092,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math)",
    "population": "counties with a math estimate for both the income gap and the white minus Black gap",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "percent of the variance of the county white minus Black gap",
    "value": 64.18,
    "weights": "math and reading tests counted for all students in the county"
  },
  "cty_neg_mean": {
    "display": "0.69",
    "estimand": "weighted mean of the county income gap in math",
    "n": 2092,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math)",
    "population": "counties with a math estimate for both the income gap and the white minus Black gap",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "standard deviations of the national cohort",
    "value": 0.689032,
    "weights": "math and reading tests counted for all students in the county"
  },
  "cty_wbg_mean": {
    "display": "0.74",
    "estimand": "weighted mean of the county white minus Black gap in math",
    "n": 2092,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math)",
    "population": "counties with a math estimate for both the income gap and the white minus Black gap",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "standard deviations of the national cohort",
    "value": 0.742567,
    "weights": "math and reading tests counted for all students in the county"
  },
  "cv_mfg_rla": {
    "ci": [
      0.19,
      0.29
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.24",
    "estimand": "weighted standard deviation across counties of the boys minus girls reading gap divided by the absolute value of its weighted mean, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 2020,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math, and reading for the boys minus girls gap)",
    "population": "counties with an estimate of all four gaps (white minus Black, white minus Hispanic and income gaps in math, boys minus girls gap in reading)",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "ratio of the spread to the average gap",
    "value": 0.244248,
    "weights": "math tests counted for the two groups in the gap"
  },
  "cv_neg": {
    "ci": [
      0.26,
      0.29
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.27",
    "estimand": "weighted standard deviation across counties of the income math gap divided by the absolute value of its weighted mean, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 2020,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math, and reading for the boys minus girls gap)",
    "population": "counties with an estimate of all four gaps (white minus Black, white minus Hispanic and income gaps in math, boys minus girls gap in reading)",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "ratio of the spread to the average gap",
    "value": 0.274103,
    "weights": "math tests counted for the two groups in the gap"
  },
  "cv_wbg": {
    "ci": [
      0.3,
      0.35
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.33",
    "estimand": "weighted standard deviation across counties of the white minus Black math gap divided by the absolute value of its weighted mean, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 2020,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math, and reading for the boys minus girls gap)",
    "population": "counties with an estimate of all four gaps (white minus Black, white minus Hispanic and income gaps in math, boys minus girls gap in reading)",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "ratio of the spread to the average gap",
    "value": 0.326267,
    "weights": "math tests counted for the two groups in the gap"
  },
  "cv_whg": {
    "ci": [
      0.39,
      0.48
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.43",
    "estimand": "weighted standard deviation across counties of the white minus Hispanic math gap divided by the absolute value of its weighted mean, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 2020,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math, and reading for the boys minus girls gap)",
    "population": "counties with an estimate of all four gaps (white minus Black, white minus Hispanic and income gaps in math, boys minus girls gap in reading)",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "ratio of the spread to the average gap",
    "value": 0.433053,
    "weights": "math tests counted for the two groups in the gap"
  },
  "ecd_level": {
    "ci": [
      -0.41,
      -0.29
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.35",
    "estimand": "mean math achievement of the group relative to the national average of all students, over counties that report the group, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 2994,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math)",
    "population": "economically disadvantaged students in counties that report the group",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "standard deviations of the national cohort",
    "value": -0.351697,
    "weights": "the group's math tests counted in each county"
  },
  "ecd_level_unw": {
    "ci": [
      -0.32,
      -0.24
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.28",
    "estimand": "mean math achievement of the group relative to the national average of all students, each county counted once, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 2994,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math)",
    "population": "economically disadvantaged students in counties that report the group",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "standard deviations of the national cohort",
    "value": -0.277053,
    "weights": "none (each county counts once)"
  },
  "gap_seg_d1": {
    "ci": [
      0.44,
      0.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.47",
    "estimand": "weighted mean white minus Black math gap within the tenth (equal numbers of counties), bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 210,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math); school segregation for the 2022 to 2023 school year, residential segregation for 2018 to 2022 (County Health Rankings 2024)",
    "population": "counties in the least segregated tenth by school segregation index, among counties with a white minus Black math gap and a school segregation index",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "standard deviations of the national cohort, white minus Black",
    "value": 0.474349,
    "weights": "math tests counted for the two groups in the gap"
  },
  "gap_seg_d10": {
    "ci": [
      0.86,
      0.95
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.90",
    "estimand": "weighted mean white minus Black math gap within the tenth (equal numbers of counties), bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 211,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math); school segregation for the 2022 to 2023 school year, residential segregation for 2018 to 2022 (County Health Rankings 2024)",
    "population": "counties in the most segregated tenth by school segregation index, among counties with a white minus Black math gap and a school segregation index",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "standard deviations of the national cohort, white minus Black",
    "value": 0.903933,
    "weights": "math tests counted for the two groups in the gap"
  },
  "gl_per_sd": {
    "display": "3.3",
    "estimand": "slope of the county average on the grade-level scale against the county average on the standard-deviation scale (math and reading averaged), weighted by tests counted",
    "n": 3000,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled",
    "population": "counties with a SEDA average for both math and reading",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "grade levels per standard deviation",
    "value": 3.25817,
    "weights": "math and reading tests counted for all students in the county"
  },
  "gl_per_sd_gap": {
    "display": "3.2",
    "estimand": "slope of the archive's grade-level gap on its standard-deviation gap across the four math gaps, bootstrap over states",
    "n": 30458,
    "nUnit": "district gap estimates",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math)",
    "population": "geographic school districts with a math estimate for the white minus Black, white minus Hispanic, white minus Asian or income gap",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "grade levels per standard deviation",
    "value": 3.17658,
    "weights": "math tests counted for the two groups in the gap"
  },
  "hsp_level": {
    "ci": [
      -0.42,
      -0.18
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.30",
    "estimand": "mean math achievement of the group relative to the national average of all students, over counties that report the group, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 2640,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "Race and ethnicity groups follow the federal categories that states report: they are mutually exclusive, and Hispanic students of any race form their own group.",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math)",
    "population": "Hispanic students in counties that report the group",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "standard deviations of the national cohort",
    "value": -0.300781,
    "weights": "the group's math tests counted in each county"
  },
  "hsp_level_unw": {
    "ci": [
      -0.29,
      -0.22
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.25",
    "estimand": "mean math achievement of the group relative to the national average of all students, each county counted once, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 2640,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "Race and ethnicity groups follow the federal categories that states report: they are mutually exclusive, and Hispanic students of any race form their own group.",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math)",
    "population": "Hispanic students in counties that report the group",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "standard deviations of the national cohort",
    "value": -0.248927,
    "weights": "none (each county counts once)"
  },
  "income_corr": {
    "ci": [
      0.43,
      0.76
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.59",
    "estimand": "weighted correlation of the county average of math and reading with the log of county median household income, bootstrap interval over states (counties in a state resemble one another)",
    "n": 2999,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "Counting each county once gives a similar correlation.",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled; median household income for 2022",
    "population": "counties with a SEDA average for both math and reading and a median household income",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient",
    "value": 0.587031,
    "weights": "math and reading tests counted for all students in the county"
  },
  "income_r2": {
    "ci": [
      19,
      59
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "34%",
    "estimand": "square of the weighted correlation with log income (the share of weighted variance in county averages that income accounts for)",
    "n": 2999,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled; median household income for 2022",
    "population": "counties with a SEDA average for both math and reading and a median household income",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "percent of the variance of county average achievement",
    "value": 34.4605,
    "weights": "math and reading tests counted for all students in the county"
  },
  "income_resid_sd": {
    "ci": [
      0.49,
      0.72
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.63",
    "estimand": "weighted standard deviation of the county average around the income line, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 2999,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "The archive shrinks small counties toward the mean, which lowers this spread.",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled; median household income for 2022",
    "population": "counties with a SEDA average for both math and reading and a median household income",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "grade levels",
    "value": 0.633752,
    "weights": "math and reading tests counted for all students in the county"
  },
  "income_slope": {
    "ci": [
      0.94,
      1.72
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "1.28",
    "estimand": "weighted slope of the county average on the log (base 2) of median household income, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 2999,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "Counting each county once gives a slope within the interval.",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled; median household income for 2022",
    "population": "counties with a SEDA average for both math and reading and a median household income",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "grade levels of county average achievement per doubling of median household income",
    "value": 1.276,
    "weights": "math and reading tests counted for all students in the county"
  },
  "min_alt_hi": {
    "display": "15",
    "estimand": "a higher minimum number of counties a state needs for its own slope (a sensitivity check)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled; median household income for 2022",
    "population": "states fitted one at a time",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 15,
    "weights": "none (inclusion rule)"
  },
  "min_alt_lo": {
    "display": "8",
    "estimand": "a lower minimum number of counties a state needs for its own slope (a sensitivity check)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled; median household income for 2022",
    "population": "states fitted one at a time",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 8,
    "weights": "none (inclusion rule)"
  },
  "min_alt_max": {
    "display": "30",
    "estimand": "highest minimum number of counties tried in the sensitivity check",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled; median household income for 2022",
    "population": "states fitted one at a time",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 30,
    "weights": "none (inclusion rule)"
  },
  "min_counties_state": {
    "display": "10",
    "estimand": "minimum number of counties a state needs for its own slope",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled; median household income for 2022",
    "population": "states fitted one at a time",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 10,
    "weights": "none (inclusion rule)"
  },
  "n_classrace": {
    "display": "2,092",
    "estimand": "count of counties in the comparison",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math)",
    "population": "counties with a math estimate for both the income gap and the white minus Black gap",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 2092,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "n_common": {
    "display": "2,020",
    "estimand": "count of counties with all four gaps",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math, and reading for the boys minus girls gap)",
    "population": "counties with an estimate of all four gaps (white minus Black, white minus Hispanic and income gaps in math, boys minus girls gap in reading)",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 2020,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "n_counties_ach": {
    "display": "3,000",
    "estimand": "count of counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled",
    "population": "counties and county equivalents in the SEDA county file with a math and a reading estimate for all students (Virginia, DC and a few small counties have none)",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 3000,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "n_counties_income": {
    "display": "2,999",
    "estimand": "count of counties in the income comparison",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled; median household income for 2022",
    "population": "counties with a SEDA average for both math and reading and a median household income",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 2999,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "n_joint": {
    "display": "1,849",
    "estimand": "count of counties in the joint regression",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math); school segregation for the 2022 to 2023 school year, residential segregation for 2018 to 2022 (County Health Rankings 2024)",
    "population": "counties with a white minus Black math gap and a school segregation index, a residential segregation index, the Black share of residents and median household income",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 1849,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "n_map_nodata": {
    "display": "142",
    "estimand": "count of drawn counties with no average of math and reading",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled",
    "population": "counties and county equivalents on the map (Puerto Rico not drawn)",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 142,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "n_map_other": {
    "display": "8",
    "estimand": "count of counties missing from the SEDA county file or missing a math or a reading estimate",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled",
    "population": "counties on the map outside Virginia and DC with no average",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 8,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "n_off_scale": {
    "display": "73",
    "estimand": "count of counties whose average lies farther from the national average than the end of the key",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled",
    "population": "counties with a SEDA average for both math and reading",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 73,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "n_seg": {
    "display": "2,101",
    "estimand": "count of counties in the segregation comparison",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math); school segregation for the 2022 to 2023 school year, residential segregation for 2018 to 2022 (County Health Rankings 2024)",
    "population": "counties with a white minus Black math gap and a school segregation index",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 2101,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "n_va": {
    "display": "133",
    "estimand": "count of Virginia places with no average of math and reading because SEDA has no Virginia math estimates",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled",
    "population": "Virginia counties and independent cities on the map",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 133,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "nam_level": {
    "ci": [
      -0.47,
      -0.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.38",
    "estimand": "mean math achievement of the group relative to the national average of all students, over counties that report the group, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 1349,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "Race and ethnicity groups follow the federal categories that states report: they are mutually exclusive, and Hispanic students of any race form their own group.",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math)",
    "population": "Native American students in counties that report the group",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "standard deviations of the national cohort",
    "value": -0.379702,
    "weights": "the group's math tests counted in each county"
  },
  "nam_level_unw": {
    "ci": [
      -0.29,
      -0.18
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.23",
    "estimand": "mean math achievement of the group relative to the national average of all students, each county counted once, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 1349,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "Race and ethnicity groups follow the federal categories that states report: they are mutually exclusive, and Hispanic students of any race form their own group.",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math)",
    "population": "Native American students in counties that report the group",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "standard deviations of the national cohort",
    "value": -0.230975,
    "weights": "none (each county counts once)"
  },
  "nec_level": {
    "ci": [
      0.35,
      0.43
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.39",
    "estimand": "mean math achievement of the group relative to the national average of all students, over counties that report the group, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 2966,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math)",
    "population": "students who are not economically disadvantaged in counties that report the group",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "standard deviations of the national cohort",
    "value": 0.392659,
    "weights": "the group's math tests counted in each county"
  },
  "nec_level_unw": {
    "ci": [
      0.18,
      0.26
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.23",
    "estimand": "mean math achievement of the group relative to the national average of all students, each county counted once, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 2966,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math)",
    "population": "students who are not economically disadvantaged in counties that report the group",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "standard deviations of the national cohort",
    "value": 0.225416,
    "weights": "none (each county counts once)"
  },
  "neg_gl": {
    "ci": [
      1.7,
      1.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "1.8",
    "estimand": "weighted mean district gap in math on the archive's grade-level scale (its own grade-level gap rows), bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 11815,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math)",
    "population": "geographic school districts with a math estimate for both groups",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "grade levels, not disadvantaged minus disadvantaged",
    "value": 1.82712,
    "weights": "math tests counted for the two groups in the gap"
  },
  "neg_mean": {
    "ci": [
      0.55,
      0.61
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.58",
    "estimand": "weighted mean of the district gap in math, bootstrap interval over states (districts in a state resemble one another)",
    "n": 11815,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "Each gap is averaged over the districts that report it, so the gaps cover different sets of districts.",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math)",
    "population": "geographic school districts with a math estimate for both groups (not economically disadvantaged minus economically disadvantaged)",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "standard deviations of the national cohort, not economically disadvantaged minus economically disadvantaged",
    "value": 0.575171,
    "weights": "math tests counted for the two groups in the gap"
  },
  "neg_mean_both": {
    "ci": [
      0.57,
      0.63
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.60",
    "estimand": "weighted mean of the district gap in math over the districts that report both gaps, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 5658,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math)",
    "population": "geographic school districts with a math estimate for both the white minus Black gap and the income gap",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "standard deviations of the national cohort, not economically disadvantaged minus economically disadvantaged",
    "value": 0.596449,
    "weights": "math tests counted for the two groups in the gap"
  },
  "neg_mean_unw": {
    "display": "0.43",
    "estimand": "unweighted mean of the district gap in math (each district counts once)",
    "n": 11815,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math)",
    "population": "geographic school districts with a math estimate for both groups",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "standard deviations of the national cohort, not disadvantaged minus disadvantaged",
    "value": 0.431485,
    "weights": "none (each district counts once)"
  },
  "neg_n": {
    "display": "11,815",
    "estimand": "count of districts with a gap estimate",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math)",
    "population": "geographic school districts with a math estimate for both groups (not economically disadvantaged minus economically disadvantaged)",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "districts",
    "value": 11815,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "neg_only_mean": {
    "ci": [
      0.38,
      0.41
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.40",
    "estimand": "weighted mean of the district income gap in math, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 6157,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math)",
    "population": "geographic school districts with an income gap but no white minus Black gap",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "standard deviations of the national cohort, not economically disadvantaged minus economically disadvantaged",
    "value": 0.398984,
    "weights": "math tests counted for the two groups in the gap"
  },
  "neg_only_n": {
    "display": "6,157",
    "estimand": "count of districts that report the income gap only",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math)",
    "population": "geographic school districts with an income gap but no white minus Black gap",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "districts",
    "value": 6157,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "nm_all_share": {
    "display": "42%",
    "estimand": "share of all counties with an average that are in the Northeast or the Midwest",
    "n": 3000,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled",
    "population": "counties with a SEDA average for both math and reading, grouped by U.S. Census Bureau region",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "percent of counties in the Northeast or Midwest",
    "value": 42.3,
    "weights": "none (each county counts once)"
  },
  "nm_high_share": {
    "display": "67%",
    "estimand": "share of the highest tenth of counties in the Northeast or the Midwest",
    "n": 300,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled",
    "population": "counties with a SEDA average for both math and reading, grouped by U.S. Census Bureau region",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "percent of counties in the highest tenth by average achievement that are in the Northeast or Midwest",
    "value": 67,
    "weights": "none (each county counts once)"
  },
  "r_classrace": {
    "ci": [
      0.75,
      0.84
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.80",
    "estimand": "weighted correlation of the county income gap with the county white minus Black gap in math, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 2092,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math)",
    "population": "counties with a math estimate for both the income gap and the white minus Black gap",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient",
    "value": 0.801124,
    "weights": "math and reading tests counted for all students in the county"
  },
  "r_resseg": {
    "ci": [
      0.12,
      0.37
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.25",
    "estimand": "weighted correlation of the county gap with the residential index of dissimilarity (0 to 100, ACS 2018 to 2022), bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 1859,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math); school segregation for the 2022 to 2023 school year, residential segregation for 2018 to 2022 (County Health Rankings 2024)",
    "population": "counties with a white minus Black math gap and a Black-white residential segregation index",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient",
    "value": 0.252698,
    "weights": "math tests counted for the two groups in the gap"
  },
  "r_seg": {
    "ci": [
      0.51,
      0.66
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.59",
    "estimand": "weighted correlation of the county white minus Black math gap with the school segregation index (Theil's index across racial and ethnic groups, 0 to 1), bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 2101,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math); school segregation for the 2022 to 2023 school year, residential segregation for 2018 to 2022 (County Health Rankings 2024)",
    "population": "counties with a white minus Black math gap and a school segregation index",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient",
    "value": 0.58968,
    "weights": "math tests counted for the two groups in the gap"
  },
  "r_sseg_rseg": {
    "ci": [
      0.31,
      0.56
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.46",
    "estimand": "weighted correlation of the school segregation index with the residential index, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 1849,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math); school segregation for the 2022 to 2023 school year, residential segregation for 2018 to 2022 (County Health Rankings 2024)",
    "population": "counties with both segregation indices and a white minus Black math gap",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient",
    "value": 0.45572,
    "weights": "math tests counted for the two groups in the gap"
  },
  "ratio_cv": {
    "ci": [
      1.08,
      1.76
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "1.34",
    "estimand": "relative spread of the white minus Black math gap divided by the relative spread of the boys minus girls reading gap, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 2020,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math, and reading for the boys minus girls gap)",
    "population": "counties with an estimate of all four gaps (white minus Black, white minus Hispanic and income gaps in math, boys minus girls gap in reading)",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "ratio",
    "value": 1.3358,
    "weights": "math tests counted for the two groups in the gap"
  },
  "ratio_cv_unw": {
    "ci": [
      1.04,
      1.63
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "1.26",
    "estimand": "the same ratio with each county counted once, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 2020,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math, and reading for the boys minus girls gap)",
    "population": "counties with an estimate of all four gaps (white minus Black, white minus Hispanic and income gaps in math, boys minus girls gap in reading)",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "ratio",
    "value": 1.25755,
    "weights": "none (each county counts once)"
  },
  "ratio_mean": {
    "ci": [
      2.8,
      3.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "3.0",
    "estimand": "average white minus Black math gap divided by the average boys minus girls reading gap (absolute values), bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 2020,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math, and reading for the boys minus girls gap)",
    "population": "counties with an estimate of all four gaps (white minus Black, white minus Hispanic and income gaps in math, boys minus girls gap in reading)",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "ratio",
    "value": 3.04487,
    "weights": "math tests counted for the two groups in the gap"
  },
  "ratio_sd": {
    "ci": [
      3.3,
      5.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "4.1",
    "estimand": "spread of the white minus Black math gap divided by the spread of the boys minus girls reading gap, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 2020,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math, and reading for the boys minus girls gap)",
    "population": "counties with an estimate of all four gaps (white minus Black, white minus Hispanic and income gaps in math, boys minus girls gap in reading)",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "ratio",
    "value": 4.06734,
    "weights": "math tests counted for the two groups in the gap"
  },
  "ratio_sd_unw": {
    "ci": [
      2.5,
      3.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "3.0",
    "estimand": "the same ratio with each county counted once, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 2020,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math, and reading for the boys minus girls gap)",
    "population": "counties with an estimate of all four gaps (white minus Black, white minus Hispanic and income gaps in math, boys minus girls gap in reading)",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "ratio",
    "value": 3.04258,
    "weights": "none (each county counts once)"
  },
  "resid_sd": {
    "ci": [
      0.13,
      0.15
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.14",
    "estimand": "weighted standard deviation of the county white minus Black gap around its line on the income gap, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 2092,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "The archive shrinks small counties toward the mean, which lowers this spread.",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math)",
    "population": "counties with a math estimate for both the income gap and the white minus Black gap",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "standard deviations of the national cohort",
    "value": 0.140359,
    "weights": "math and reading tests counted for all students in the county"
  },
  "scale_cap": {
    "display": "2",
    "estimand": "distance from the national average at which the key ends (a display choice)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled",
    "population": "the key of the county map",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "grade levels",
    "value": 2,
    "weights": "none (display rule)"
  },
  "sd_mfg_rla": {
    "ci": [
      0.05,
      0.07
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.06",
    "estimand": "weighted standard deviation across counties of the boys minus girls reading gap estimate, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 2020,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "The archive shrinks small counties toward the mean, which lowers this spread.",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math, and reading for the boys minus girls gap)",
    "population": "counties with an estimate of all four gaps (white minus Black, white minus Hispanic and income gaps in math, boys minus girls gap in reading)",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "standard deviations of the national cohort",
    "value": 0.0585058,
    "weights": "math tests counted for the two groups in the gap"
  },
  "sd_neg": {
    "ci": [
      0.17,
      0.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.19",
    "estimand": "weighted standard deviation across counties of the income math gap estimate, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 2020,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "The archive shrinks small counties toward the mean, which lowers this spread.",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math, and reading for the boys minus girls gap)",
    "population": "counties with an estimate of all four gaps (white minus Black, white minus Hispanic and income gaps in math, boys minus girls gap in reading)",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "standard deviations of the national cohort",
    "value": 0.18888,
    "weights": "math tests counted for the two groups in the gap"
  },
  "sd_sseg": {
    "display": "0.07",
    "estimand": "standard deviation of the school segregation index across counties (each county once)",
    "n": 2101,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math); school segregation for the 2022 to 2023 school year, residential segregation for 2018 to 2022 (County Health Rankings 2024)",
    "population": "counties with a white minus Black math gap and a school segregation index",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "Theil's index (0 to 1)",
    "value": 0.0728524,
    "weights": "none (each county counts once)"
  },
  "sd_wbg": {
    "ci": [
      0.22,
      0.26
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.24",
    "estimand": "weighted standard deviation across counties of the white minus Black math gap estimate, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 2020,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "The archive shrinks small counties toward the mean, which lowers this spread.",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math, and reading for the boys minus girls gap)",
    "population": "counties with an estimate of all four gaps (white minus Black, white minus Hispanic and income gaps in math, boys minus girls gap in reading)",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "standard deviations of the national cohort",
    "value": 0.237963,
    "weights": "math tests counted for the two groups in the gap"
  },
  "sd_whg": {
    "ci": [
      0.21,
      0.25
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.23",
    "estimand": "weighted standard deviation across counties of the white minus Hispanic math gap estimate, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 2020,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "The archive shrinks small counties toward the mean, which lowers this spread.",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math, and reading for the boys minus girls gap)",
    "population": "counties with an estimate of all four gaps (white minus Black, white minus Hispanic and income gaps in math, boys minus girls gap in reading)",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "standard deviations of the national cohort",
    "value": 0.228977,
    "weights": "math tests counted for the two groups in the gap"
  },
  "se_mfg_rla_med": {
    "display": "0.01",
    "estimand": "median standard error of the county gap estimate (boys minus girls reading)",
    "n": 2020,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math, and reading for the boys minus girls gap)",
    "population": "counties with an estimate of all four gaps (white minus Black, white minus Hispanic and income gaps in math, boys minus girls gap in reading)",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "standard deviations of the national cohort",
    "value": 0.00999015,
    "weights": "none (median over counties)"
  },
  "se_wbg_med": {
    "display": "0.03",
    "estimand": "median standard error of the county gap estimate (white minus Black math)",
    "n": 2020,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math, and reading for the boys minus girls gap)",
    "population": "counties with an estimate of all four gaps (white minus Black, white minus Hispanic and income gaps in math, boys minus girls gap in reading)",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "standard deviations of the national cohort",
    "value": 0.0277595,
    "weights": "none (median over counties)"
  },
  "sig_alt_hi": {
    "display": "38",
    "estimand": "count of those states where the 95% interval for the slope lies above zero",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled; median household income for 2022",
    "population": "states with 15 or more counties that have an average and an income",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "states",
    "value": 38,
    "weights": "none (each state counts once)"
  },
  "sig_alt_lo": {
    "display": "41",
    "estimand": "count of those states where the 95% interval for the slope lies above zero",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled; median household income for 2022",
    "population": "states with 8 or more counties that have an average and an income",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "states",
    "value": 41,
    "weights": "none (each state counts once)"
  },
  "slope_classrace": {
    "ci": [
      0.91,
      1.08
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.99",
    "estimand": "weighted slope of the county white minus Black gap on the county income gap, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 2092,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math)",
    "population": "counties with a math estimate for both the income gap and the white minus Black gap",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "standard deviations of the white minus Black gap per standard deviation of the income gap",
    "value": 0.991358,
    "weights": "math and reading tests counted for all students in the county"
  },
  "slope_hi": {
    "ci": [
      1.66,
      4.87
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "3.27",
    "estimand": "tests-weighted slope of the county average on log (base 2) income within the state, robust errors with t intervals (each county its own cluster)",
    "n": 27,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled; median household income for 2022",
    "population": "counties in Alaska, the state with the steepest slope",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "grade levels of county average achievement per doubling of median household income",
    "value": 3.26537,
    "weights": "math and reading tests counted for all students in the county"
  },
  "slope_lo": {
    "ci": [
      -0.08,
      0.74
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.33",
    "estimand": "tests-weighted slope of the county average on log (base 2) income within the state, robust errors with t intervals (each county its own cluster)",
    "n": 120,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled; median household income for 2022",
    "population": "counties in Kentucky, the state with the shallowest slope",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "grade levels of county average achievement per doubling of median household income",
    "value": 0.328078,
    "weights": "math and reading tests counted for all students in the county"
  },
  "slope_med": {
    "display": "1.57",
    "estimand": "median across states of the within-state slope (tests-weighted regression of the county average on log (base 2) income)",
    "n": 45,
    "nUnit": "states",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled; median household income for 2022",
    "population": "states with 10 or more counties that have an average and an income",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "grade levels of county average achievement per doubling of median household income",
    "value": 1.5742,
    "weights": "none (each state counts once)"
  },
  "slope_pos": {
    "display": "45",
    "estimand": "count of states where the county slope of average achievement on log income is positive",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled; median household income for 2022",
    "population": "states with 10 or more counties that have an average and an income",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "states",
    "value": 45,
    "weights": "none (each state counts once)"
  },
  "slope_sig": {
    "display": "40",
    "estimand": "count of states where the 95% interval for the slope lies above zero",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled; median household income for 2022",
    "population": "states with 10 or more counties that have an average and an income",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "states",
    "value": 40,
    "weights": "none (each state counts once)"
  },
  "slope_sig_hc3": {
    "display": "36",
    "estimand": "count of states where the 95% interval from heteroskedasticity-consistent (HC3) errors with a normal approximation lies above zero",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled; median household income for 2022",
    "population": "states with 10 or more counties that have an average and an income",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "states",
    "value": 36,
    "weights": "none (each state counts once)"
  },
  "slope_states": {
    "display": "45",
    "estimand": "count of states fitted",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled; median household income for 2022",
    "population": "states with 10 or more counties that have an average and an income",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "states",
    "value": 45,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "south_all_share": {
    "display": "43%",
    "estimand": "share of all counties with an average that are in the South",
    "n": 3000,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled",
    "population": "counties with a SEDA average for both math and reading, grouped by U.S. Census Bureau region",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "percent of counties in the South",
    "value": 42.8333,
    "weights": "none (each county counts once)"
  },
  "south_low_share": {
    "display": "74%",
    "estimand": "share of the lowest tenth of counties (equal numbers of counties, ranked by the county average) in the South",
    "n": 300,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled",
    "population": "counties with a SEDA average for both math and reading, grouped by U.S. Census Bureau region",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "percent of counties in the lowest tenth by average achievement that are in the South",
    "value": 74,
    "weights": "none (each county counts once)"
  },
  "states_alt_hi": {
    "display": "42",
    "estimand": "count of states fitted at that minimum",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled; median household income for 2022",
    "population": "states with 15 or more counties that have an average and an income",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "states",
    "value": 42,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "states_alt_lo": {
    "display": "46",
    "estimand": "count of states fitted at that minimum",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled; median household income for 2022",
    "population": "states with 8 or more counties that have an average and an income",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "states",
    "value": 46,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "tests_m": {
    "display": "404.9 million",
    "estimand": "sum of the math and the reading tests counted behind the county averages (one test is one student's result in one subject, grade and year)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled",
    "population": "counties with a SEDA average for both math and reading",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "math and reading tests",
    "value": 404884133,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "wag_asian_share": {
    "display": "87%",
    "estimand": "share of districts with a negative white minus Asian gap in math (each district counts once)",
    "n": 4353,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math)",
    "population": "geographic school districts with a math estimate for both white and Asian students",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "percent of districts where Asian students score higher than white students",
    "value": 87.2961,
    "weights": "none (each district counts once)"
  },
  "wag_mean": {
    "ci": [
      -0.35,
      -0.26
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.31",
    "estimand": "weighted mean of the district gap in math, bootstrap interval over states (districts in a state resemble one another)",
    "n": 4353,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "Each gap is averaged over the districts that report it, so the gaps cover different sets of districts.",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math)",
    "population": "geographic school districts with a math estimate for both groups (white minus Asian)",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "standard deviations of the national cohort, white minus Asian",
    "value": -0.311763,
    "weights": "math tests counted for the two groups in the gap"
  },
  "wag_n": {
    "display": "4,353",
    "estimand": "count of districts with a gap estimate",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math)",
    "population": "geographic school districts with a math estimate for both groups (white minus Asian)",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "districts",
    "value": 4353,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "wbg_gl": {
    "ci": [
      1.9,
      2.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "2.0",
    "estimand": "weighted mean district gap in math on the archive's grade-level scale (its own grade-level gap rows), bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 5729,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math)",
    "population": "geographic school districts with a math estimate for both groups",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "grade levels, white minus black",
    "value": 2.02286,
    "weights": "math tests counted for the two groups in the gap"
  },
  "wbg_mean": {
    "ci": [
      0.61,
      0.67
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.64",
    "estimand": "weighted mean of the district gap in math, bootstrap interval over states (districts in a state resemble one another)",
    "n": 5729,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "Each gap is averaged over the districts that report it, so the gaps cover different sets of districts.",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math)",
    "population": "geographic school districts with a math estimate for both groups (white minus Black)",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "standard deviations of the national cohort, white minus Black",
    "value": 0.636421,
    "weights": "math tests counted for the two groups in the gap"
  },
  "wbg_mean_both": {
    "ci": [
      0.61,
      0.67
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.64",
    "estimand": "weighted mean of the district gap in math over the districts that report both gaps, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 5658,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math)",
    "population": "geographic school districts with a math estimate for both the white minus Black gap and the income gap",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "standard deviations of the national cohort, white minus Black",
    "value": 0.637112,
    "weights": "math tests counted for the two groups in the gap"
  },
  "wbg_mean_unw": {
    "display": "0.52",
    "estimand": "unweighted mean of the district gap in math (each district counts once)",
    "n": 5729,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math)",
    "population": "geographic school districts with a math estimate for both groups",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "standard deviations of the national cohort, white minus black",
    "value": 0.524929,
    "weights": "none (each district counts once)"
  },
  "wbg_n": {
    "display": "5,729",
    "estimand": "count of districts with a gap estimate",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math)",
    "population": "geographic school districts with a math estimate for both groups (white minus Black)",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "districts",
    "value": 5729,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "wbg_p5": {
    "display": "0.28",
    "estimand": "5th percentile of the district gap in math, districts weighted by tests counted",
    "n": 5729,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "A spread of district gaps, not an interval.",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math)",
    "population": "geographic school districts with a math estimate for both white and Black students",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "standard deviations of the national cohort, white minus Black",
    "value": 0.278583,
    "weights": "math tests counted for the two groups in the gap"
  },
  "wbg_p95": {
    "display": "1.08",
    "estimand": "95th percentile of the district gap in math, districts weighted by tests counted",
    "n": 5729,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "A spread of district gaps, not an interval.",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math)",
    "population": "geographic school districts with a math estimate for both white and Black students",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "standard deviations of the national cohort, white minus Black",
    "value": 1.07533,
    "weights": "math tests counted for the two groups in the gap"
  },
  "wbg_pos_share": {
    "display": "99.8%",
    "estimand": "share of districts with a positive white minus Black gap in math (each district counts once)",
    "n": 5729,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math)",
    "population": "geographic school districts with a math estimate for both white and Black students",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "percent of districts where white students score higher than Black students",
    "value": 99.7731,
    "weights": "none (each district counts once)"
  },
  "whg_mean": {
    "ci": [
      0.4,
      0.46
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.43",
    "estimand": "weighted mean of the district gap in math, bootstrap interval over states (districts in a state resemble one another)",
    "n": 8561,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "Each gap is averaged over the districts that report it, so the gaps cover different sets of districts.",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math)",
    "population": "geographic school districts with a math estimate for both groups (white minus Hispanic)",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "standard deviations of the national cohort, white minus Hispanic",
    "value": 0.432111,
    "weights": "math tests counted for the two groups in the gap"
  },
  "wht_level": {
    "ci": [
      0.19,
      0.28
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.24",
    "estimand": "mean math achievement of the group relative to the national average of all students, over counties that report the group, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 2975,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "Race and ethnicity groups follow the federal categories that states report: they are mutually exclusive, and Hispanic students of any race form their own group.",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math)",
    "population": "white students in counties that report the group",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "standard deviations of the national cohort",
    "value": 0.237413,
    "weights": "the group's math tests counted in each county"
  },
  "wht_level_unw": {
    "ci": [
      0.03,
      0.12
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.08",
    "estimand": "mean math achievement of the group relative to the national average of all students, each county counted once, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 2975,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "Race and ethnicity groups follow the federal categories that states report: they are mutually exclusive, and Hispanic students of any race form their own group.",
    "period": "test results for third through eighth grade, school years 2009 to 2019 pooled (math)",
    "population": "white students in counties that report the group",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "standard deviations of the national cohort",
    "value": 0.0778891,
    "weights": "none (each county counts once)"
  }
}