{
  "alt": "Line chart of the share of mothers who reported smoking, 2018 to 2024, for the lowest-income third, the middle third and the highest-income third of large counties and for all large counties. All four lines fall in every year. The line for the lowest-income third is highest, the middle third is next and the highest-income third is lowest, and the bands around the three groups do not overlap in any year.",
  "caption": "Every line falls in every year, and the lines keep their order, with the lowest-income third on top. The share for all large counties went from {fact:share_all_2018} to {fact:share_all_2024}. Each line plots the pooled share of the counties in a third, and the bands show how much that share depends on which counties are in the group.",
  "data": [
    {
      "conf_high": 9.17,
      "conf_low": 7.31,
      "n": 603928,
      "series": "Lowest-income third",
      "share": 8.18,
      "year": 2018
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 8.45,
      "conf_low": 6.75,
      "n": 599484,
      "series": "Lowest-income third",
      "share": 7.56,
      "year": 2019
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 7.99,
      "conf_low": 6.34,
      "n": 580344,
      "series": "Lowest-income third",
      "share": 7.14,
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 6.75,
      "conf_low": 5.32,
      "n": 579539,
      "series": "Lowest-income third",
      "share": 6.01,
      "year": 2021
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 5.43,
      "conf_low": 4.26,
      "n": 579736,
      "series": "Lowest-income third",
      "share": 4.81,
      "year": 2022
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 4.49,
      "conf_low": 3.51,
      "n": 567037,
      "series": "Lowest-income third",
      "share": 3.97,
      "year": 2023
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 3.71,
      "conf_low": 2.89,
      "n": 567610,
      "series": "Lowest-income third",
      "share": 3.27,
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 6.73,
      "conf_low": 4.42,
      "n": 938985,
      "series": "Middle third",
      "share": 5.47,
      "year": 2018
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 6.17,
      "conf_low": 4.04,
      "n": 924476,
      "series": "Middle third",
      "share": 5,
      "year": 2019
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 5.63,
      "conf_low": 3.7,
      "n": 890673,
      "series": "Middle third",
      "share": 4.58,
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 4.59,
      "conf_low": 2.99,
      "n": 899921,
      "series": "Middle third",
      "share": 3.72,
      "year": 2021
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 3.66,
      "conf_low": 2.37,
      "n": 906572,
      "series": "Middle third",
      "share": 2.96,
      "year": 2022
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 2.91,
      "conf_low": 1.89,
      "n": 890288,
      "series": "Middle third",
      "share": 2.36,
      "year": 2023
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 2.32,
      "conf_low": 1.52,
      "n": 894429,
      "series": "Middle third",
      "share": 1.89,
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 4.04,
      "conf_low": 3.22,
      "n": 968024,
      "series": "Highest-income third",
      "share": 3.61,
      "year": 2018
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 3.6,
      "conf_low": 2.85,
      "n": 959133,
      "series": "Highest-income third",
      "share": 3.21,
      "year": 2019
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 3.23,
      "conf_low": 2.56,
      "n": 932668,
      "series": "Highest-income third",
      "share": 2.88,
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 2.58,
      "conf_low": 2.05,
      "n": 960611,
      "series": "Highest-income third",
      "share": 2.3,
      "year": 2021
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 1.98,
      "conf_low": 1.57,
      "n": 962137,
      "series": "Highest-income third",
      "share": 1.76,
      "year": 2022
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 1.65,
      "conf_low": 1.29,
      "n": 946374,
      "series": "Highest-income third",
      "share": 1.46,
      "year": 2023
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 1.28,
      "conf_low": 0.99,
      "n": 961896,
      "series": "Highest-income third",
      "share": 1.13,
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 5.91,
      "conf_low": 4.88,
      "n": 2510937,
      "series": "All large counties",
      "share": 5.4,
      "year": 2018
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 5.41,
      "conf_low": 4.45,
      "n": 2483093,
      "series": "All large counties",
      "share": 4.93,
      "year": 2019
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 5,
      "conf_low": 4.09,
      "n": 2403685,
      "series": "All large counties",
      "share": 4.54,
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 4.08,
      "conf_low": 3.34,
      "n": 2440071,
      "series": "All large counties",
      "share": 3.71,
      "year": 2021
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 3.23,
      "conf_low": 2.63,
      "n": 2448445,
      "series": "All large counties",
      "share": 2.93,
      "year": 2022
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 2.64,
      "conf_low": 2.14,
      "n": 2403699,
      "series": "All large counties",
      "share": 2.38,
      "year": 2023
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 2.11,
      "conf_low": 1.72,
      "n": 2423935,
      "series": "All large counties",
      "share": 1.91,
      "year": 2024
    }
  ],
  "id": "smoking_by_income_third",
  "notes": [
    "Large counties are the counties that CDC WONDER names individually: those with {fact:wonder_threshold} residents or more. WONDER pools the births of every smaller county in a state into one row, so smaller counties are not in these data. Of the {fact:n_named} large counties named in every year from 2018 to 2024, California ({fact:n_ca}) and {fact:n_dropped} counties with a withheld smoking count are left out, which leaves {fact:n_complete}.",
    "A county's smoking share is the births to mothers who reported smoking over the births with a known answer, Yes plus No. Births with an Unknown or Not Stated answer are left out of the denominator.",
    "County median household income is the County Health Rankings 2024 release, a Census Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates value for 2022. Its year differs from the births, which are from 2018 to 2024. Thirds hold equal numbers of counties.",
    "Intervals are 95% intervals from a bootstrap over counties (replicates and seed in the methods note). Births are full counts, so an interval shows how much a pooled share depends on which counties are in the group."
  ],
  "source": "CDC WONDER natality, tobacco use during pregnancy, births in 2018-2024; full counts of births; counties ranked on County Health Rankings 2024 median household income (Census SAIPE 2022); intervals from a bootstrap over counties",
  "spec": {
    "colors": {
      "All large counties": "total",
      "Highest-income third": "cat4",
      "Lowest-income third": "cat1",
      "Middle third": "cat2"
    },
    "hi": "conf_high",
    "lo": "conf_low",
    "n": "n",
    "series": "series",
    "x": "year",
    "xDomain": [
      2018,
      2024
    ],
    "xLabel": "Year of birth",
    "xTicks": "data",
    "y": "share",
    "yDomain": [
      0,
      10
    ],
    "yFormat": {
      "digits": 1
    },
    "yLabel": "Mothers who reported smoking (% of births with a known answer)"
  },
  "subtitle": "Share of births to mothers who reported smoking, among births with a known tobacco answer, by third of the {fact:n_complete} large counties ranked on median household income, 2018 to 2024, with 95% intervals from a bootstrap over counties",
  "title": "Smoking in pregnancy fell from {fact:terc_1_2018} to {fact:terc_1_2024} of births in the lowest-income third of large counties and from {fact:terc_3_2018} to {fact:terc_3_2024} in the highest-income third",
  "type": "line",
  "width": "wide"
}