{
  "alt": "Four panels of the same outcome by tenth of tracts, ranked by the ADI, the standardized index, median household income and the bachelor's degree share. Under the ADI the outcome is steadily worse toward the more deprived end. The other three rankings keep that pattern.",
  "caption": "Compare the shape of each panel with the ADI panel. A pattern counts as changed when the worse end switches sides, when the two ends differ under one ranking and not the other, or when the rank correlation of bin order and bin mean crosses {fact:alt_rho_cut} and moves by at least {fact:alt_rho_margin}. Each panel plots the population-weighted mean of the tract incarceration share of Black children from low-income families (2010 tract population as the weight), over the tracts where Black and white children are both estimated in each tenth of tracts, with 95% intervals from a bootstrap over counties.",
  "data": [
    {
      "bin": 1,
      "conf_high": 4.08477,
      "conf_low": 3.2682,
      "estimate": 3.7051,
      "n_units": 2585,
      "ranking": "Area Deprivation Index"
    },
    {
      "bin": 2,
      "conf_high": 4.88347,
      "conf_low": 4.17234,
      "estimate": 4.53287,
      "n_units": 2597,
      "ranking": "Area Deprivation Index"
    },
    {
      "bin": 3,
      "conf_high": 5.04838,
      "conf_low": 4.47147,
      "estimate": 4.75967,
      "n_units": 2568,
      "ranking": "Area Deprivation Index"
    },
    {
      "bin": 4,
      "conf_high": 5.28303,
      "conf_low": 4.71646,
      "estimate": 4.99047,
      "n_units": 2571,
      "ranking": "Area Deprivation Index"
    },
    {
      "bin": 5,
      "conf_high": 5.60959,
      "conf_low": 5.08866,
      "estimate": 5.34026,
      "n_units": 2592,
      "ranking": "Area Deprivation Index"
    },
    {
      "bin": 6,
      "conf_high": 5.71047,
      "conf_low": 5.27017,
      "estimate": 5.49039,
      "n_units": 2583,
      "ranking": "Area Deprivation Index"
    },
    {
      "bin": 7,
      "conf_high": 5.79982,
      "conf_low": 5.33926,
      "estimate": 5.56339,
      "n_units": 2541,
      "ranking": "Area Deprivation Index"
    },
    {
      "bin": 8,
      "conf_high": 6.03084,
      "conf_low": 5.51325,
      "estimate": 5.76067,
      "n_units": 2624,
      "ranking": "Area Deprivation Index"
    },
    {
      "bin": 9,
      "conf_high": 6.15189,
      "conf_low": 5.62496,
      "estimate": 5.88306,
      "n_units": 2599,
      "ranking": "Area Deprivation Index"
    },
    {
      "bin": 10,
      "conf_high": 6.66266,
      "conf_low": 6.04202,
      "estimate": 6.34555,
      "n_units": 2567,
      "ranking": "Area Deprivation Index"
    },
    {
      "bin": 1,
      "conf_high": 4.24003,
      "conf_low": 3.61105,
      "estimate": 3.92039,
      "n_units": 2582,
      "ranking": "Standardized index"
    },
    {
      "bin": 2,
      "conf_high": 4.592,
      "conf_low": 4.03318,
      "estimate": 4.31222,
      "n_units": 2583,
      "ranking": "Standardized index"
    },
    {
      "bin": 3,
      "conf_high": 5.32758,
      "conf_low": 4.79653,
      "estimate": 5.06817,
      "n_units": 2583,
      "ranking": "Standardized index"
    },
    {
      "bin": 4,
      "conf_high": 5.31315,
      "conf_low": 4.81733,
      "estimate": 5.06448,
      "n_units": 2582,
      "ranking": "Standardized index"
    },
    {
      "bin": 5,
      "conf_high": 5.41289,
      "conf_low": 4.94014,
      "estimate": 5.17534,
      "n_units": 2583,
      "ranking": "Standardized index"
    },
    {
      "bin": 6,
      "conf_high": 5.77684,
      "conf_low": 5.26522,
      "estimate": 5.51851,
      "n_units": 2583,
      "ranking": "Standardized index"
    },
    {
      "bin": 7,
      "conf_high": 5.77113,
      "conf_low": 5.30437,
      "estimate": 5.5437,
      "n_units": 2582,
      "ranking": "Standardized index"
    },
    {
      "bin": 8,
      "conf_high": 5.76865,
      "conf_low": 5.3338,
      "estimate": 5.54348,
      "n_units": 2583,
      "ranking": "Standardized index"
    },
    {
      "bin": 9,
      "conf_high": 6.10869,
      "conf_low": 5.54842,
      "estimate": 5.82768,
      "n_units": 2583,
      "ranking": "Standardized index"
    },
    {
      "bin": 10,
      "conf_high": 6.73236,
      "conf_low": 6.13269,
      "estimate": 6.42558,
      "n_units": 2583,
      "ranking": "Standardized index"
    },
    {
      "bin": 1,
      "conf_high": 4.10677,
      "conf_low": 3.47515,
      "estimate": 3.79528,
      "n_units": 2582,
      "ranking": "Median household income"
    },
    {
      "bin": 2,
      "conf_high": 4.89239,
      "conf_low": 4.3283,
      "estimate": 4.60142,
      "n_units": 2583,
      "ranking": "Median household income"
    },
    {
      "bin": 3,
      "conf_high": 5.0285,
      "conf_low": 4.49049,
      "estimate": 4.7574,
      "n_units": 2583,
      "ranking": "Median household income"
    },
    {
      "bin": 4,
      "conf_high": 5.38185,
      "conf_low": 4.84491,
      "estimate": 5.11625,
      "n_units": 2582,
      "ranking": "Median household income"
    },
    {
      "bin": 5,
      "conf_high": 5.55189,
      "conf_low": 5.09565,
      "estimate": 5.31822,
      "n_units": 2584,
      "ranking": "Median household income"
    },
    {
      "bin": 6,
      "conf_high": 5.62845,
      "conf_low": 5.17927,
      "estimate": 5.39115,
      "n_units": 2583,
      "ranking": "Median household income"
    },
    {
      "bin": 7,
      "conf_high": 6.00264,
      "conf_low": 5.47093,
      "estimate": 5.73555,
      "n_units": 2581,
      "ranking": "Median household income"
    },
    {
      "bin": 8,
      "conf_high": 6.01101,
      "conf_low": 5.51737,
      "estimate": 5.7629,
      "n_units": 2583,
      "ranking": "Median household income"
    },
    {
      "bin": 9,
      "conf_high": 6.05175,
      "conf_low": 5.5507,
      "estimate": 5.79766,
      "n_units": 2583,
      "ranking": "Median household income"
    },
    {
      "bin": 10,
      "conf_high": 6.45789,
      "conf_low": 5.89983,
      "estimate": 6.17422,
      "n_units": 2583,
      "ranking": "Median household income"
    },
    {
      "bin": 1,
      "conf_high": 4.47466,
      "conf_low": 3.72565,
      "estimate": 4.09799,
      "n_units": 2582,
      "ranking": "Bachelor's degree share"
    },
    {
      "bin": 2,
      "conf_high": 4.79783,
      "conf_low": 4.19929,
      "estimate": 4.50082,
      "n_units": 2583,
      "ranking": "Bachelor's degree share"
    },
    {
      "bin": 3,
      "conf_high": 5.09032,
      "conf_low": 4.54617,
      "estimate": 4.81448,
      "n_units": 2583,
      "ranking": "Bachelor's degree share"
    },
    {
      "bin": 4,
      "conf_high": 5.34812,
      "conf_low": 4.8285,
      "estimate": 5.07812,
      "n_units": 2583,
      "ranking": "Bachelor's degree share"
    },
    {
      "bin": 5,
      "conf_high": 5.4984,
      "conf_low": 4.98604,
      "estimate": 5.243,
      "n_units": 2582,
      "ranking": "Bachelor's degree share"
    },
    {
      "bin": 6,
      "conf_high": 5.57296,
      "conf_low": 5.01722,
      "estimate": 5.29738,
      "n_units": 2583,
      "ranking": "Bachelor's degree share"
    },
    {
      "bin": 7,
      "conf_high": 5.6453,
      "conf_low": 5.16393,
      "estimate": 5.40397,
      "n_units": 2581,
      "ranking": "Bachelor's degree share"
    },
    {
      "bin": 8,
      "conf_high": 5.7842,
      "conf_low": 5.30169,
      "estimate": 5.5391,
      "n_units": 2584,
      "ranking": "Bachelor's degree share"
    },
    {
      "bin": 9,
      "conf_high": 6.04959,
      "conf_low": 5.5915,
      "estimate": 5.81147,
      "n_units": 2583,
      "ranking": "Bachelor's degree share"
    },
    {
      "bin": 10,
      "conf_high": 6.45078,
      "conf_low": 5.8593,
      "estimate": 6.15925,
      "n_units": 2583,
      "ranking": "Bachelor's degree share"
    }
  ],
  "id": "alt_rankings",
  "notes": [
    "Least and most deprived tenth: ADI {fact:alt_adi_least} and {fact:alt_adi_most}, rank correlation {fact:alt_adi_rho}; standardized index {fact:alt_std_least} and {fact:alt_std_most}, {fact:alt_std_rho}; median household income {fact:alt_income_least} and {fact:alt_income_most}, {fact:alt_income_rho}; bachelor's degree share {fact:alt_degree_least} and {fact:alt_degree_most}, {fact:alt_degree_rho}.",
    "The standardized index applies the ADI's coefficients to its measures after standardizing each one, so home value and income carry less weight than in the ADI. Income and degree share are single census measures, each ranked from the highest value to the lowest."
  ],
  "source": "Opportunity Atlas, 1978-1983 birth cohorts, 2010 tracts, and Area Deprivation Index, 2023; population-weighted (2010 tract population), modeled estimates; ADI 2023 and ACS 2019-2023 tract tables (B19013, B15003 and the 15 rebuilt ADI measures)",
  "spec": {
    "facet": "ranking",
    "hi": "conf_high",
    "lo": "conf_low",
    "n": "n_units",
    "x": "bin",
    "xDomain": [
      1,
      10
    ],
    "xLabel": "Tenth of tracts by each ranking (1 = least deprived, 10 = most deprived)",
    "xTicks": [
      1,
      2,
      3,
      4,
      5,
      6,
      7,
      8,
      9,
      10
    ],
    "y": "estimate",
    "yDomain": [
      3,
      7
    ],
    "yFormat": {
      "digits": 1
    },
    "yLabel": "Percent incarcerated on April 1, 2010"
  },
  "subtitle": "Percent incarcerated on April 1, 2010 by tenth of tracts ranked four ways, over the {fact:alt_n_places} tracts that have all four rankings",
  "title": "Incarceration of Black children from low-income families is steadily worse toward the more deprived end under the ADI and under each of the three other rankings",
  "type": "line"
}