{ "alt": "A figure with two tabs. The first is a scatter plot of the renter share paying over {fact:burden_line} of income against the rent standard's share of income across FMR areas, a cloud rising from lower left to upper right with ten markers that are higher at the right than at the left. The second is a dot plot with two panels and one row for each fifth of areas by median household income: the dot for renter burden is farther right in the highest fifth than in the lowest, and the rent share is lowest in the second and middle fifths.", "caption": "The first tab shows that areas with a larger rent share of income have a larger renter share with a burden, and the second sorts areas by median household income and shows renter burden higher in the highest fifth than in the lowest. Each point is one FMR area made of whole counties; the markers are renter-weighted means for tenths of areas with 95% intervals from a bootstrap over states. The correlation weights areas by their renter households and is {fact:fmr_r_unw} when each area counts once; both variables are a cost over an income, so they move together partly by construction.", "data": [], "id": "rent_standard_vs_burden", "notes": [ "Fair Market Rents are monthly rent standards for the housing voucher program. HUD sets one value for each FMR area and applies it to every county in the area, so counties of one metropolitan area share a value and this chapter compares areas, not counties. The file is one release, for fiscal year 2025; the incomes are ACS 2019-2023 in 2023 dollars and the burden is CHAS 2018-2022, so the three describe different years and the level of the rent share is not exact.", "The area income is the household-weighted mean of the median household incomes of its counties, a mean of medians and not the median of the area's households. It covers all households, not renters, so the rent share of the income of renters is higher than the share plotted.", "An area enters when its counties are whole in the file and hold at least {fact:cty_floor} renter households with a computed burden. New England areas are towns that counties cannot be matched to and are left out, which covers Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont; the {fact:fmr_n_areas} areas hold {fact:fmr_covered} of the nation's renter households.", "The scatter is every area (no sample); the fitted line is the renter-weighted least-squares line, with a slope of {fact:fmr_slope} points of renter burden per point of rent share. Fifths and tenths hold near-equal numbers of areas, not equal numbers of renters." ], "source": "HUD Fair Market Rents, fiscal year 2025, with ACS 2019-2023 county median household incomes and HUD CHAS 2018-2022 renter burden; renter-weighted, one rent standard per FMR area", "spec": { "panels": [ { "figure": { "alt": "Scatter plot of the renter share paying over {fact:burden_line} of income against the rent standard's share of median household income across FMR areas. A wide cloud of dots rises from lower left to upper right, ten markers for tenths of areas are higher at the right than at the left, and a dashed line runs through the cloud.", "caption": "Dots rise from left to right, and the markers for tenths of areas run from {fact:ft_burden_1} in the lowest tenth to {fact:ft_burden_10} in the highest. The dashed line is the renter-weighted least-squares line across all {fact:fmr_n_areas} areas.", "data": [], "id": "fmr_scatter", "spec": { "label": "area", "overlays": [ { "hi": "hi", "kind": "line", "label": "Tenths of areas, renter-weighted, with 95% intervals", "lo": "lo", "rows": [ { "hi": 35.8, "lo": 32.14, "n_units": 213, "x": 15.11, "y": 33.91 }, { "hi": 37.47, "lo": 34.63, "n_units": 214, "x": 16.68, "y": 36.15 }, { "hi": 39.86, "lo": 36.78, "n_units": 214, "x": 17.6, "y": 38.37 }, { "hi": 41.27, "lo": 38.74, "n_units": 214, "x": 18.61, "y": 40.31 }, { "hi": 42.34, "lo": 40.13, "n_units": 214, "x": 19.36, "y": 41.34 }, { "hi": 42.73, "lo": 40.76, "n_units": 214, "x": 20.39, "y": 41.77 }, { "hi": 43.87, "lo": 41.64, "n_units": 214, "x": 21.65, "y": 42.99 }, { "hi": 46.65, "lo": 44.07, "n_units": 214, "x": 22.84, "y": 45.55 }, { "hi": 47.63, "lo": 46.42, "n_units": 214, "x": 24.57, "y": 47.01 }, { "hi": 51.44, "lo": 45.9, "n_units": 214, "x": 31.82, "y": 49.86 } ], "x": "x", "y": "y" }, { "kind": "line", "label": "Renter-weighted line across areas", "rows": [ { "x": 11, "y": 35.53 }, { "x": 11.92, "y": 36.19 }, { "x": 12.85, "y": 36.86 }, { "x": 13.77, "y": 37.53 }, { "x": 14.69, "y": 38.2 }, { "x": 15.62, "y": 38.86 }, { "x": 16.54, "y": 39.53 }, { "x": 17.46, "y": 40.2 }, { "x": 18.38, "y": 40.87 }, { "x": 19.31, "y": 41.54 }, { "x": 20.23, "y": 42.2 }, { "x": 21.15, "y": 42.87 }, { "x": 22.08, "y": 43.54 }, { "x": 23, "y": 44.21 }, { "x": 23.92, "y": 44.87 }, { "x": 24.85, "y": 45.54 }, { "x": 25.77, "y": 46.21 }, { "x": 26.69, "y": 46.88 }, { "x": 27.62, "y": 47.55 }, { "x": 28.54, "y": 48.21 }, { "x": 29.46, "y": 48.88 }, { "x": 30.38, "y": 49.55 }, { "x": 31.31, "y": 50.22 }, { "x": 32.23, "y": 50.88 }, { "x": 33.15, "y": 51.55 }, { "x": 34.08, "y": 52.22 }, { "x": 35, "y": 52.89 }, { "x": 35.92, "y": 53.56 }, { "x": 36.85, "y": 54.22 }, { "x": 37.77, "y": 54.89 }, { "x": 38.69, "y": 55.56 }, { "x": 39.62, "y": 56.23 }, { "x": 40.54, "y": 56.9 }, { "x": 41.46, "y": 57.56 }, { "x": 42.38, "y": 58.23 }, { "x": 43.31, "y": 58.9 }, { "x": 44.23, "y": 59.57 }, { "x": 45.15, "y": 60.23 }, { "x": 46.08, "y": 60.9 }, { "x": 47, "y": 61.57 } ], "x": "x", "y": "y" } ], "payload": "fmr_scatter.json", "x": "share", "xDomain": [ 10, 50 ], "xFormat": { "digits": 0 }, "xLabel": "A year of the two-bedroom rent standard as a percent of median household income", "y": "burden", "yDomain": [ 0, 70 ], "yFormat": { "digits": 0 }, "yLabel": "Renter households paying more than 30% of income (%)" }, "subtitle": "Renter households paying more than {fact:burden_line} of income against a year of the two-bedroom Fair Market Rent as a percent of median household income, one dot per FMR area, with renter-weighted means for tenths of areas", "title": "Renter burden is {fact:ft_burden_1} in the lowest tenth of areas by the rent standard's share of median household income and {fact:ft_burden_10} in the highest", "type": "scatter" }, "label": "Rent share against renter burden" }, { "figure": { "alt": "A dot plot with two panels and five rows for fifths of FMR areas by median household income. In the panel for renter burden the dot for the highest income fifth is to the right of the dot for the lowest. In the panel for the rent share of income the dots sit farthest left in the second and middle fifths.", "caption": "The lowest fifth of areas has a median household income of {fact:fq_inc_1} and the highest fifth {fact:fq_inc_5}. The rent share is {fact:fq_share_3} in the middle fifth, against {fact:fq_share_1} in the lowest and {fact:fq_share_5} in the highest, and the whiskers are 95% intervals from a bootstrap over states.", "data": [ { "areas": 427, "conf_high": 25.28, "conf_low": 23.39, "fifth": "Lowest income fifth", "measure": "Rent standard as a percent of median household income", "value": 24.38 }, { "areas": 428, "conf_high": 22.41, "conf_low": 20.87, "fifth": "Second fifth", "measure": "Rent standard as a percent of median household income", "value": 21.63 }, { "areas": 428, "conf_high": 22.43, "conf_low": 20.54, "fifth": "Middle fifth", "measure": "Rent standard as a percent of median household income", "value": 21.48 }, { "areas": 428, "conf_high": 26.94, "conf_low": 20.44, "fifth": "Fourth fifth", "measure": "Rent standard as a percent of median household income", "value": 23.42 }, { "areas": 428, "conf_high": 28.31, "conf_low": 23.02, "fifth": "Highest income fifth", "measure": "Rent standard as a percent of median household income", "value": 26.11 }, { "areas": 427, "conf_high": 40.91, "conf_low": 37.58, "fifth": "Lowest income fifth", "measure": "Renter households paying more than 30% of income (%)", "value": 39.12 }, { "areas": 428, "conf_high": 42.2, "conf_low": 39.58, "fifth": "Second fifth", "measure": "Renter households paying more than 30% of income (%)", "value": 40.95 }, { "areas": 428, "conf_high": 43.96, "conf_low": 40.91, "fifth": "Middle fifth", "measure": "Renter households paying more than 30% of income (%)", "value": 42.53 }, { "areas": 428, "conf_high": 47.69, "conf_low": 42.06, "fifth": "Fourth fifth", "measure": "Renter households paying more than 30% of income (%)", "value": 44.81 }, { "areas": 428, "conf_high": 48.37, "conf_low": 44.83, "fifth": "Highest income fifth", "measure": "Renter households paying more than 30% of income (%)", "value": 46.86 } ], "id": "fmr_by_income_fifth", "spec": { "facet": "measure", "facetColumns": 2, "hi": "conf_high", "legend": false, "lo": "conf_low", "n": "areas", "sort": "data", "valueLabels": true, "x": "value", "xDomain": [ 0, 60 ], "xDomains": { "Rent standard as a percent of median household income": [ 15, 30 ], "Renter households paying more than 30% of income (%)": [ 35, 50 ] }, "xFormat": { "digits": 1 }, "xLabel": "Percent (units in each panel title)", "y": "fifth" }, "subtitle": "Renter-weighted means for fifths of FMR areas ranked by median household income: the rent standard as a percent of median household income and the percent of renter households paying more than {fact:burden_line} of income", "title": "Across fifths of areas by median household income, renter burden is {fact:fq_burden_1} in the lowest fifth and {fact:fq_burden_5} in the highest, while the rent standard's share of income is lower in the second and middle fifths than in the lowest and highest", "type": "dot" }, "label": "By area income" } ] }, "subtitle": "Renter households paying more than {fact:burden_line} of income (CHAS 2018-2022) against a year of the two-bedroom Fair Market Rent (fiscal year 2025) as a percent of the area's median household income (ACS 2019-2023), HUD FMR areas", "title": "Renter burden is higher in areas where the two-bedroom Fair Market Rent takes a larger share of the median household income, a renter-weighted correlation of {fact:fmr_r} across {fact:fmr_n_areas} areas", "type": "tabs", "width": "wide" }