{
  "alt": "A figure with two tabs. The first is a stacked bar chart of moderate and severe housing cost burden for owner and renter households, longer for renters. The second is a grouped bar chart of the burden by income band and tenure, with the renter bar taller in the three lowest income bands.",
  "caption": "The first tab splits the burden into HUD's moderate and severe levels, and the second shows that the gap between renters and owners is wide at incomes of {fact:hamfi_30} to {fact:hamfi_cut} of the area median and absent above that. The first tab pools the {fact:n_tracts_chas} tracts of the states and DC, {fact:n_tracts_empty} of which have no households.",
  "data": [],
  "id": "burden_by_tenure",
  "notes": [
    "HUD counts a household as burdened when its housing costs exceed {fact:burden_line} of its income, and as severely burdened above {fact:severe_line}. Costs are rent and utilities for renters, and mortgage payments, taxes, insurance and utilities for owners. The moderate segment is the burdened share minus the severe share.",
    "The five income bands are HUD's: at or below {fact:hamfi_30} of its area median family income (HAMFI), a benchmark HUD sets for each area that differs from the Census median household income, then up to {fact:hamfi_50}, up to {fact:hamfi_cut}, up to the area median and above it. Low-income households are the three lowest bands. Every share divides by households with a computed burden, which leaves out {fact:n_nc_renter} renter and {fact:n_nc_owner} owner households with no or negative income, all in the lowest band; the staged HUD percentage for low-income burdened households divides by all households and is not used.",
    "The second tab reads the raw county table of HUD's Table 8 (Connecticut by planning region), which is the only source of the five bands, and its totals differ from the tract totals in the first tab by HUD's rounding (a few hundredths of a point). In the two highest bands the renter and owner shares are about equal, so the gap in the first tab reflects where renters and owners sit in the income range.",
    "The shares are ratios of survey-based household counts that HUD rounds cell by cell; HUD publishes margins of error for the counts and none for the shares. The intervals in the second tab come from a bootstrap over counties (replicates and seed in the methods note) and do not include the survey's sampling error. The stacked bars in the first tab carry no interval.",
    "Puerto Rico is left out of every figure in this chapter."
  ],
  "source": "HUD CHAS (American Community Survey 2018-2022 special tabulation); shares pooled over tracts and weighted by households, survey-based estimates with no margin of error published for the shares",
  "spec": {
    "panels": [
      {
        "figure": {
          "alt": "Two horizontal stacked bars, one for owner households and one for renter households, each with a moderate and a severe segment. Both segments are longer in the bar for renters than in the bar for owners.",
          "caption": "Both segments are longer in the bar for renters. Each bar adds the moderate share to the severe share, so its end is the share above {fact:burden_line} of income: {fact:bur_renter} of renter households and {fact:bur_owner} of owner households. The denominator is the households whose burden HUD computes, which leaves out households with no or negative income.",
          "data": [
            {
              "level": "Moderate burden",
              "share": 11.98,
              "tenure": "Owner households"
            },
            {
              "level": "Severe burden",
              "share": 8.82,
              "tenure": "Owner households"
            },
            {
              "level": "Moderate burden",
              "share": 22.39,
              "tenure": "Renter households"
            },
            {
              "level": "Severe burden",
              "share": 23.17,
              "tenure": "Renter households"
            }
          ],
          "id": "burden_levels",
          "spec": {
            "category": "tenure",
            "colors": {
              "Moderate burden": "muted",
              "Severe burden": "highlight"
            },
            "domain": [
              0,
              55
            ],
            "format": {
              "digits": 1
            },
            "group": "level",
            "orientation": "h",
            "sort": "data",
            "stack": true,
            "value": "share",
            "valueLabel": "Share of households (%)"
          },
          "subtitle": "Percent of households by tenure with housing costs of {fact:burden_line} to {fact:severe_line} of income (moderate burden) and above {fact:severe_line} (severe burden), 50 states and DC, 2018 to 2022",
          "title": "Of renter households, {fact:sev_renter} pay more than {fact:severe_line} of their income for housing, against {fact:sev_owner} of owner households",
          "type": "bar"
        },
        "label": "By tenure"
      },
      {
        "figure": {
          "alt": "Grouped bars for five income bands. In the lowest band both bars are tall and the renter bar is slightly taller. In the next two bands the renter bar is taller than the owner bar, and in the two highest bands both bars are short and about as tall.",
          "caption": "The renter bar is taller than the owner bar in the three lowest income bands, by a small margin in the lowest and by wide margins in the next two, and the two bars are about as tall in the two highest bands. The three lowest bands together are the low-income households, who are {fact:li_share_renter} of renter households with a computed burden against {fact:li_share_owner} of owner households. Bars are pooled shares with 95% intervals from a bootstrap over counties.",
          "data": [
            {
              "conf_high": 83.36,
              "conf_low": 82.24,
              "households": 5567551,
              "income": "At or below 30% of HAMFI",
              "share": 82.79,
              "tenure": "Owner households"
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 84.62,
              "conf_low": 83.26,
              "households": 9549471,
              "income": "At or below 30% of HAMFI",
              "share": 83.94,
              "tenure": "Renter households"
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 54.06,
              "conf_low": 52.15,
              "households": 6958005,
              "income": "Above 30% to 50%",
              "share": 53.11,
              "tenure": "Owner households"
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 78.39,
              "conf_low": 76.49,
              "households": 7497295,
              "income": "Above 30% to 50%",
              "share": 77.48,
              "tenure": "Renter households"
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 35.51,
              "conf_low": 33.46,
              "households": 11919509,
              "income": "Above 50% to 80%",
              "share": 34.49,
              "tenure": "Owner households"
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 47.96,
              "conf_low": 44.82,
              "households": 9118643,
              "income": "Above 50% to 80%",
              "share": 46.49,
              "tenure": "Renter households"
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 22.12,
              "conf_low": 20.07,
              "households": 8344114,
              "income": "Above 80% to 100%",
              "share": 21.11,
              "tenure": "Owner households"
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 21.98,
              "conf_low": 19.15,
              "households": 4689985,
              "income": "Above 80% to 100%",
              "share": 20.65,
              "tenure": "Renter households"
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 5.94,
              "conf_low": 5.13,
              "households": 48039984,
              "income": "Above 100%",
              "share": 5.53,
              "tenure": "Owner households"
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 5.87,
              "conf_low": 4.75,
              "households": 12336798,
              "income": "Above 100%",
              "share": 5.31,
              "tenure": "Renter households"
            }
          ],
          "id": "burden_by_income",
          "spec": {
            "category": "income",
            "colors": {
              "Owner households": "muted",
              "Renter households": "highlight"
            },
            "domain": [
              0,
              100
            ],
            "format": {
              "digits": 1
            },
            "group": "tenure",
            "hi": "conf_high",
            "lo": "conf_low",
            "n": "households",
            "orientation": "v",
            "sort": "data",
            "value": "share",
            "valueLabel": "Share paying more than 30% of income (%)"
          },
          "subtitle": "Percent of households with a computed burden paying more than {fact:burden_line} of income, by tenure and by income relative to HUD's area median family income (HAMFI), 2018 to 2022",
          "title": "The renter share with a burden is {fact:band_gap_2} points above the owner share at incomes of {fact:hamfi_30} to {fact:hamfi_50} of the area median and {fact:band_gap_3} points above it at {fact:hamfi_50} to {fact:hamfi_cut}, and {fact:band_gap_4} and {fact:band_gap_5} points above it in the two bands over {fact:hamfi_cut}",
          "type": "bar"
        },
        "label": "By income and tenure"
      }
    ]
  },
  "subtitle": "Housing cost burden by tenure as HUD defines it, and by income relative to HUD's area median family income, 50 states and DC, 2018 to 2022",
  "title": "{fact:bur_renter} of renter households pay more than {fact:burden_line} of their income for housing, against {fact:bur_owner} of owner households",
  "type": "tabs",
  "width": "wide"
}