{
  "alt": "Scatter plot of the adult income rank of Black children against that of white children from the same tract, with a diagonal for equal outcomes. Most dots lie below the diagonal, and markers for tenths of counties rise more slowly than the diagonal, so the gap widens toward the right.",
  "caption": "Most dots lie below the diagonal, which marks equal outcomes, and the markers fall further below it where white children do better. Dots are a random sample of {fact:n_sample} tracts drawn with a fixed seed from the {fact:n_tracts_lad} that have both estimates, and {fact:n_outside_lad} tracts fall outside the plotted range; markers are population-weighted mean Black ranks in tenths of {fact:n_gap_counties} counties ranked by their mean white rank, with 95% intervals from a bootstrap over states.",
  "data": [],
  "id": "same_tract_black_white",
  "notes": [
    "The dots are a random sample of {fact:n_sample} tracts inside the plotted range (seed 12345); every estimate in the text uses all {fact:n_tracts_lad} tracts. Tracts have a Black and a white estimate only where the Atlas has enough children of both groups, so they are not a sample of all tracts.",
    "The markers average the tracts of each county that has at least {fact:min_tracts_gap} tracts with both estimates, because sorting tracts on the noisy white rank would flatten a line of tract means and widen the apparent contrast. Each tract is weighted by its 2010 census population, the nearest available stand-in for the number of children. Ranks are percentiles of the national distribution of household income for children born in 1978 to 1983, measured in 2014 to 2015. The Opportunity Atlas adds noise to its estimates to protect privacy and the staged values are never clipped, so a few fall outside 0 to 100."
  ],
  "source": "Opportunity Atlas tract outcomes, 2010 tracts, 1978-1983 birth cohorts; population-weighted (2010 tract population), modeled estimates",
  "spec": {
    "identity": true,
    "identityLabel": "Equal outcomes",
    "overlays": [
      {
        "hi": "hi",
        "kind": "line",
        "label": "County tenth means with 95% intervals",
        "lo": "lo",
        "rows": [
          {
            "hi": 32.4,
            "lo": 31.63,
            "n_units": 33,
            "x": 39.59,
            "y": 32.02
          },
          {
            "hi": 33.39,
            "lo": 32.38,
            "n_units": 34,
            "x": 41.19,
            "y": 32.92
          },
          {
            "hi": 33.54,
            "lo": 32.42,
            "n_units": 33,
            "x": 41.98,
            "y": 32.97
          },
          {
            "hi": 34.48,
            "lo": 32.69,
            "n_units": 34,
            "x": 42.73,
            "y": 33.59
          },
          {
            "hi": 34.74,
            "lo": 33.36,
            "n_units": 34,
            "x": 43.5,
            "y": 34.07
          },
          {
            "hi": 34.54,
            "lo": 33.44,
            "n_units": 33,
            "x": 44.61,
            "y": 33.98
          },
          {
            "hi": 36.04,
            "lo": 34.09,
            "n_units": 34,
            "x": 45.49,
            "y": 35.2
          },
          {
            "hi": 35.87,
            "lo": 34.67,
            "n_units": 33,
            "x": 46.56,
            "y": 35.05
          },
          {
            "hi": 37.44,
            "lo": 35.35,
            "n_units": 34,
            "x": 48.24,
            "y": 36.28
          },
          {
            "hi": 40.82,
            "lo": 38.16,
            "n_units": 34,
            "x": 51.4,
            "y": 39.28
          }
        ],
        "x": "x",
        "y": "y"
      }
    ],
    "payload": "same_tract_black_white.json",
    "x": "white",
    "xDomain": [
      10,
      80
    ],
    "xFormat": {
      "digits": 0
    },
    "xLabel": "White children's mean adult income rank (percentile)",
    "y": "black",
    "yDomain": [
      10,
      80
    ],
    "yFormat": {
      "digits": 0
    },
    "yLabel": "Black children's mean adult income rank (percentile)"
  },
  "subtitle": "Adult household income rank (percentile) of Black children against white children raised in the same census tract by parents at the 25th income percentile, one dot per tract",
  "title": "White children from low-income families reached a higher adult income rank than Black children from the same tract in {fact:pct_below} of {fact:n_tracts_lad} tracts",
  "type": "scatter"
}