{
  "adi_d1": {
    "ci": [
      -4.6,
      1.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−2.4",
    "estimand": "net migrating returns summed over the tenth's counties, divided by returns filed for tax year 2022 and multiplied by 1,000, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 308,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "Tenths hold equal numbers of counties.",
    "period": "returns filed in 2022 matched with returns filed in 2023 (tax years 2021 and 2022)",
    "population": "counties in the first tenth by Area Deprivation Index rank",
    "source": "irs-migration",
    "unit": "net migrating returns per 1,000 returns filed",
    "value": -2.38429,
    "weights": "none (counts of returns)"
  },
  "adi_d10": {
    "ci": [
      -6.7,
      -2.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−4.5",
    "estimand": "net migrating returns summed over the tenth's counties, divided by returns filed for tax year 2022 and multiplied by 1,000, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 308,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "Tenths hold equal numbers of counties.",
    "period": "returns filed in 2022 matched with returns filed in 2023 (tax years 2021 and 2022)",
    "population": "counties in the tenth tenth by Area Deprivation Index rank",
    "source": "irs-migration",
    "unit": "net migrating returns per 1,000 returns filed",
    "value": -4.52013,
    "weights": "none (counts of returns)"
  },
  "adi_d2": {
    "ci": [
      -0.1,
      5.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+2.6",
    "estimand": "net migrating returns summed over the tenth's counties, divided by returns filed for tax year 2022 and multiplied by 1,000, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 308,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "Tenths hold equal numbers of counties.",
    "period": "returns filed in 2022 matched with returns filed in 2023 (tax years 2021 and 2022)",
    "population": "counties in the second tenth by Area Deprivation Index rank",
    "source": "irs-migration",
    "unit": "net migrating returns per 1,000 returns filed",
    "value": 2.55683,
    "weights": "none (counts of returns)"
  },
  "agi_moved": {
    "display": "71.6",
    "estimand": "sum of net adjusted gross income (arriving minus leaving) over the counties that gained",
    "note": "Dollars are adjusted gross income on the 2023 return, converted from thousands.",
    "period": "returns filed in 2022 matched with returns filed in 2023 (tax years 2021 and 2022)",
    "population": "counties and county equivalents with both directions of the IRS flow published, gaining counties only",
    "source": "irs-migration",
    "unit": "billions of dollars of adjusted gross income",
    "value": 71.5762,
    "weights": "none (full counts of returns)"
  },
  "agi_mw": {
    "ci": [
      -296,
      -60
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−172",
    "estimand": "net adjusted gross income summed over the region's counties divided by ACS population, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 1030,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "returns filed in 2022 matched with returns filed in 2023 (tax years 2021 and 2022)",
    "population": "residents of the Midwest Census region",
    "source": "irs-migration",
    "unit": "dollars of net adjusted gross income per resident, positive for a gain",
    "value": -171.783,
    "weights": "ACS 2019-2023 county population"
  },
  "agi_ne": {
    "ci": [
      -475,
      -54
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−332",
    "estimand": "net adjusted gross income summed over the region's counties divided by ACS population, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 217,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "returns filed in 2022 matched with returns filed in 2023 (tax years 2021 and 2022)",
    "population": "residents of the Northeast Census region",
    "source": "irs-migration",
    "unit": "dollars of net adjusted gross income per resident, positive for a gain",
    "value": -331.601,
    "weights": "ACS 2019-2023 county population"
  },
  "agi_s": {
    "ci": [
      22,
      528
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "270",
    "estimand": "net adjusted gross income summed over the region's counties divided by ACS population, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 1411,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "returns filed in 2022 matched with returns filed in 2023 (tax years 2021 and 2022)",
    "population": "residents of the South Census region",
    "source": "irs-migration",
    "unit": "dollars of net adjusted gross income per resident, positive for a gain",
    "value": 270.118,
    "weights": "ACS 2019-2023 county population"
  },
  "big_bot_south": {
    "display": "8",
    "estimand": "how many lie in the South Census region (the Census Bureau's definition, which includes the District of Columbia)",
    "n": 10,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "children born 1978 to 1983, household income measured in 2014 to 2015; predictors ACS 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "the counties of that size with the smallest residuals",
    "source": "opportunity-atlas",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 8,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "big_k": {
    "display": "10",
    "estimand": "number of counties taken from each end of the ranking by residual",
    "note": "",
    "period": "children born 1978 to 1983, household income measured in 2014 to 2015; predictors ACS 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "counties with at least 8 tracts in the model and at least 250,000 residents",
    "source": "opportunity-atlas",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 10,
    "weights": "none (inclusion rule)"
  },
  "big_place": {
    "display": "250,000",
    "estimand": "county size above which counties are named (inclusion rule)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "ACS 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "counties",
    "source": "acs",
    "unit": "residents",
    "value": 250000,
    "weights": "none (inclusion rule)"
  },
  "big_place_mig": {
    "display": "50,000",
    "estimand": "county size above which counties are named in the migration text (inclusion rule)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "ACS 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "counties",
    "source": "acs",
    "unit": "residents",
    "value": 50000,
    "weights": "none (inclusion rule)"
  },
  "big_top_corridor": {
    "display": "9",
    "estimand": "how many lie in New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts or Virginia",
    "n": 10,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "children born 1978 to 1983, household income measured in 2014 to 2015; predictors ACS 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "the counties of that size with the largest residuals",
    "source": "opportunity-atlas",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 9,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "bot_v": {
    "display": "2,488",
    "estimand": "largest net loss per resident (leaving minus arriving adjusted gross income over ACS population) among those counties: San Francisco, CA",
    "n": 998,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "returns filed in 2022 matched with returns filed in 2023 (tax years 2021 and 2022)",
    "population": "counties with at least 50,000 residents and a net figure",
    "source": "irs-migration",
    "unit": "dollars of net adjusted gross income lost per resident",
    "value": 2487.95,
    "weights": "none (a single county)"
  },
  "dens_hi": {
    "ci": [
      2838,
      18233
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "9,090",
    "estimand": "population-weighted mean over the tracts of the group, county-bootstrap interval; the groups are fixed before the draws",
    "n": 4512,
    "nUnit": "tracts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "ACS 2019 to 2023 population over 2020 census land area",
    "population": "residents of the tracts in the top tenth of counties by mean residual",
    "source": "acs",
    "unit": "residents per square mile of land",
    "value": 9089.71,
    "weights": "ACS 2019-2023 tract population"
  },
  "dens_lo": {
    "ci": [
      1149,
      3952
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "2,286",
    "estimand": "population-weighted mean over the tracts of the group, county-bootstrap interval; the groups are fixed before the draws",
    "n": 4207,
    "nUnit": "tracts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "ACS 2019 to 2023 population over 2020 census land area",
    "population": "residents of the tracts in the bottom tenth of counties by mean residual",
    "source": "acs",
    "unit": "residents per square mile of land",
    "value": 2286.3,
    "weights": "ACS 2019-2023 tract population"
  },
  "diff_dens": {
    "ci": [
      97,
      15794
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+6,803",
    "estimand": "top-tenth mean minus bottom-tenth mean, population-weighted over tracts, interval from a county bootstrap with the same draws for both groups; the groups are fixed before the draws",
    "n": 8719,
    "nUnit": "tracts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "ACS 2019 to 2023 population over 2020 census land area",
    "population": "residents of the tracts in the top and bottom tenths of counties by mean residual",
    "source": "acs",
    "unit": "residents per square mile of land",
    "value": 6803.41,
    "weights": "ACS 2019-2023 tract population"
  },
  "diff_hisp": {
    "ci": [
      0.7,
      9.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+5.2",
    "estimand": "top-tenth mean minus bottom-tenth mean, population-weighted over tracts, interval from a county bootstrap with the same draws for both groups; the groups are fixed before the draws",
    "n": 8719,
    "nUnit": "tracts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "ACS 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "residents of the tracts in the top and bottom tenths of counties by mean residual",
    "source": "acs",
    "unit": "percentage points of residents who are Hispanic",
    "value": 5.24751,
    "weights": "ACS 2019-2023 tract population"
  },
  "diff_poverty": {
    "ci": [
      -3.4,
      -0.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−1.9",
    "estimand": "top-tenth mean minus bottom-tenth mean, population-weighted over tracts, interval from a county bootstrap with the same draws for both groups; the groups are fixed before the draws",
    "n": 8719,
    "nUnit": "tracts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "ACS 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "residents of the tracts in the top and bottom tenths of counties by mean residual",
    "source": "acs",
    "unit": "percentage points of residents below the poverty line",
    "value": -1.87082,
    "weights": "ACS 2019-2023 tract population"
  },
  "diff_pre1960": {
    "ci": [
      9.8,
      29.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+20.1",
    "estimand": "top-tenth mean minus bottom-tenth mean, population-weighted over tracts, interval from a county bootstrap with the same draws for both groups; the groups are fixed before the draws",
    "n": 8719,
    "nUnit": "tracts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "EJScreen 2024 release (ACS 2018 to 2022)",
    "population": "residents of the tracts in the top and bottom tenths of counties by mean residual",
    "source": "ejscreen",
    "unit": "percentage points of housing units built before 1960",
    "value": 20.1488,
    "weights": "ACS 2019-2023 tract population"
  },
  "diff_smoke": {
    "ci": [
      -3.5,
      -0.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−2.4",
    "estimand": "top-tenth mean minus bottom-tenth mean, population-weighted over tracts, interval from a county bootstrap with the same draws for both groups; the groups are fixed before the draws",
    "n": 8719,
    "nUnit": "tracts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "PLACES 2024 release (BRFSS 2022)",
    "population": "residents of the tracts in the top and bottom tenths of counties by mean residual",
    "source": "places",
    "unit": "percentage points of adults who currently smoke (crude prevalence)",
    "value": -2.36193,
    "weights": "ACS 2019-2023 tract population"
  },
  "floor_high": {
    "display": "15",
    "estimand": "another minimum number of tracts in the model tried for a county residual (sensitivity)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "children born 1978 to 1983, household income measured in 2014 to 2015; predictors ACS 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "counties",
    "source": "opportunity-atlas",
    "unit": "tracts",
    "value": 15,
    "weights": "none (inclusion rule)"
  },
  "floor_low": {
    "display": "5",
    "estimand": "another minimum number of tracts in the model tried for a county residual (sensitivity)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "children born 1978 to 1983, household income measured in 2014 to 2015; predictors ACS 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "counties",
    "source": "opportunity-atlas",
    "unit": "tracts",
    "value": 5,
    "weights": "none (inclusion rule)"
  },
  "gap_d10": {
    "ci": [
      -1126,
      559
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−337",
    "estimand": "summed adjusted gross income of arriving returns over summed arriving returns, minus the same for leaving returns, bootstrap interval over states (shared draws)",
    "n": 308,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "returns filed in 2022 matched with returns filed in 2023 (tax years 2021 and 2022); ADI 2023 release",
    "population": "the most deprived tenth of counties with both directions published",
    "source": "irs-migration",
    "unit": "dollars of adjusted gross income per return, arriving minus leaving",
    "value": -336.853,
    "weights": "none (counts of returns)"
  },
  "gap_max": {
    "display": "2,486",
    "estimand": "highest tenth value of the arriving minus leaving average adjusted gross income per return",
    "note": "",
    "period": "returns filed in 2022 matched with returns filed in 2023 (tax years 2021 and 2022)",
    "population": "the tenth of counties with the highest gap",
    "source": "irs-migration",
    "unit": "dollars of adjusted gross income per return, arriving minus leaving",
    "value": 2485.7,
    "weights": "none (counts of returns)"
  },
  "gap_min": {
    "display": "−2,110",
    "estimand": "lowest tenth value of the arriving minus leaving average adjusted gross income per return",
    "note": "",
    "period": "returns filed in 2022 matched with returns filed in 2023 (tax years 2021 and 2022)",
    "population": "the tenth of counties with the lowest gap",
    "source": "irs-migration",
    "unit": "dollars of adjusted gross income per return, arriving minus leaving",
    "value": -2109.91,
    "weights": "none (counts of returns)"
  },
  "gap_n_zero": {
    "display": "9",
    "estimand": "tenths whose 95% interval for the arriving minus leaving gap includes zero",
    "note": "",
    "period": "returns filed in 2022 matched with returns filed in 2023 (tax years 2021 and 2022)",
    "population": "tenths of counties by Area Deprivation Index rank",
    "source": "irs-migration",
    "unit": "tenths of counties",
    "value": 9,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "hv_bot": {
    "ci": [
      -142,
      -70
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−109",
    "estimand": "net adjusted gross income summed over the group's counties divided by ACS population, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 308,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "Tenths hold equal numbers of counties.",
    "period": "returns filed in 2022 matched with returns filed in 2023 (tax years 2021 and 2022); county home values from ACS 2019 to 2023 tract median home values",
    "population": "residents of the bottom tenth of counties by home value",
    "source": "irs-migration",
    "unit": "dollars of net adjusted gross income per resident, negative for a loss",
    "value": -108.581,
    "weights": "ACS 2019-2023 county population"
  },
  "hv_n": {
    "display": "3,084",
    "estimand": "count of counties in the scatter",
    "note": "",
    "period": "returns filed in 2022 matched with returns filed in 2023 (tax years 2021 and 2022); county home values from ACS 2019 to 2023 tract median home values",
    "population": "counties with a home value and a net figure",
    "source": "irs-migration",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 3084,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "hv_ninth": {
    "ci": [
      -129,
      382
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "103",
    "estimand": "net adjusted gross income summed over the group's counties divided by ACS population, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 308,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "Tenths hold equal numbers of counties.",
    "period": "returns filed in 2022 matched with returns filed in 2023 (tax years 2021 and 2022); county home values from ACS 2019 to 2023 tract median home values",
    "population": "residents of the ninth tenth of counties by home value",
    "source": "irs-migration",
    "unit": "dollars of net adjusted gross income per resident, negative for a loss",
    "value": 103.402,
    "weights": "ACS 2019-2023 county population"
  },
  "hv_top": {
    "ci": [
      -298,
      238
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−103",
    "estimand": "net adjusted gross income summed over the group's counties divided by ACS population, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 309,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "Tenths hold equal numbers of counties.",
    "period": "returns filed in 2022 matched with returns filed in 2023 (tax years 2021 and 2022); county home values from ACS 2019 to 2023 tract median home values",
    "population": "residents of the top tenth of counties by home value",
    "source": "irs-migration",
    "unit": "dollars of net adjusted gross income per resident, negative for a loss",
    "value": -102.565,
    "weights": "ACS 2019-2023 county population"
  },
  "kfr_d1": {
    "ci": [
      -2.7,
      3.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.9",
    "estimand": "net migrating returns summed over the tenth's counties, divided by returns filed for tax year 2022 and multiplied by 1,000, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 308,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "Tenths hold equal numbers of counties.",
    "period": "returns filed in 2022 matched with returns filed in 2023 (tax years 2021 and 2022)",
    "population": "counties in the first tenth by upward-mobility rank",
    "source": "irs-migration",
    "unit": "net migrating returns per 1,000 returns filed",
    "value": 0.878926,
    "weights": "none (counts of returns)"
  },
  "kfr_d10": {
    "ci": [
      -4.7,
      -1.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−3.6",
    "estimand": "net migrating returns summed over the tenth's counties, divided by returns filed for tax year 2022 and multiplied by 1,000, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 309,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "Tenths hold equal numbers of counties.",
    "period": "returns filed in 2022 matched with returns filed in 2023 (tax years 2021 and 2022)",
    "population": "counties in the tenth tenth by upward-mobility rank",
    "source": "irs-migration",
    "unit": "net migrating returns per 1,000 returns filed",
    "value": -3.55067,
    "weights": "none (counts of returns)"
  },
  "kfr_d2": {
    "ci": [
      -0.7,
      7.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+3.6",
    "estimand": "net migrating returns summed over the tenth's counties, divided by returns filed for tax year 2022 and multiplied by 1,000, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 309,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "Tenths hold equal numbers of counties.",
    "period": "returns filed in 2022 matched with returns filed in 2023 (tax years 2021 and 2022)",
    "population": "counties in the second tenth by upward-mobility rank",
    "source": "irs-migration",
    "unit": "net migrating returns per 1,000 returns filed",
    "value": 3.63437,
    "weights": "none (counts of returns)"
  },
  "kfr_d9": {
    "ci": [
      -7.9,
      -1.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−5.2",
    "estimand": "net migrating returns summed over the tenth's counties, divided by returns filed for tax year 2022 and multiplied by 1,000, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 309,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "Tenths hold equal numbers of counties.",
    "period": "returns filed in 2022 matched with returns filed in 2023 (tax years 2021 and 2022)",
    "population": "counties in the ninth tenth by upward-mobility rank",
    "source": "irs-migration",
    "unit": "net migrating returns per 1,000 returns filed",
    "value": -5.21938,
    "weights": "none (counts of returns)"
  },
  "le_r2": {
    "ci": [
      42,
      46.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "44.2%",
    "estimand": "R-squared of the same five-measure, population-weighted fit with tract life expectancy at birth as the outcome, county-bootstrap interval",
    "n": 77746,
    "nUnit": "tracts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, area-weighted onto 2020 tracts); predictors ACS 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "non-institutional 2020 tracts in the mobility model (a mobility estimate and all five predictors) that also have a life expectancy estimate",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "percent of the variance of tract life expectancy",
    "value": 44.226,
    "weights": "ACS 2019-2023 tract population"
  },
  "le_resid_r": {
    "ci": [
      0.27,
      0.51
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.39",
    "estimand": "correlation across counties of the county mean residual of mobility with the county mean residual of life expectancy, weighted by county population, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 1529,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, area-weighted onto 2020 tracts); predictors ACS 2019 to 2023; mobility for children born 1978 to 1983, household income measured in 2014 to 2015; predictors ACS 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "counties with at least 8 tracts in each of the two models",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient",
    "value": 0.390751,
    "weights": "ACS 2019-2023 county population"
  },
  "map_clamp": {
    "display": "2,000",
    "estimand": "net income per resident at the ends of the map key (display range)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "returns filed in 2022 matched with returns filed in 2023 (tax years 2021 and 2022)",
    "population": "counties on the map",
    "source": "irs-migration",
    "unit": "dollars of net adjusted gross income per resident",
    "value": 2000,
    "weights": "none (display range)"
  },
  "med_gap": {
    "ci": [
      1466,
      3433
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "2,514",
    "estimand": "median across counties of the county's average adjusted gross income per return (arriving minus leaving), bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 3086,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "Adjusted gross income is on the 2023 return.",
    "period": "returns filed in 2022 matched with returns filed in 2023 (tax years 2021 and 2022)",
    "population": "counties with both directions of the IRS flow published",
    "source": "irs-migration",
    "unit": "dollars of adjusted gross income per return, arriving minus leaving",
    "value": 2513.56,
    "weights": "none (each county counts once)"
  },
  "med_in": {
    "ci": [
      52722,
      57194
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "54,902",
    "estimand": "median across counties of the county's average adjusted gross income per return (arriving returns), bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 3086,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "Adjusted gross income is on the 2023 return.",
    "period": "returns filed in 2022 matched with returns filed in 2023 (tax years 2021 and 2022)",
    "population": "counties with both directions of the IRS flow published",
    "source": "irs-migration",
    "unit": "dollars of adjusted gross income per return, arriving returns",
    "value": 54902.2,
    "weights": "none (each county counts once)"
  },
  "med_out": {
    "ci": [
      50430,
      54356
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "52,444",
    "estimand": "median across counties of the county's average adjusted gross income per return (leaving returns), bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 3086,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "Adjusted gross income is on the 2023 return.",
    "period": "returns filed in 2022 matched with returns filed in 2023 (tax years 2021 and 2022)",
    "population": "counties with both directions of the IRS flow published",
    "source": "irs-migration",
    "unit": "dollars of adjusted gross income per return, leaving returns",
    "value": 52444.1,
    "weights": "none (each county counts once)"
  },
  "midwest_all_share": {
    "display": "28%",
    "estimand": "share of all counties with a residual that are in the Midwest Census region, under a floor of 8 tracts",
    "n": 1576,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "children born 1978 to 1983, household income measured in 2014 to 2015; predictors ACS 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "counties with at least 8 tracts in the model",
    "source": "opportunity-atlas",
    "unit": "percent of counties",
    "value": 27.7919,
    "weights": "none (each county counts once)"
  },
  "midwest_all_share_high": {
    "display": "23%",
    "estimand": "share of all counties with a residual that are in the Midwest Census region, under a floor of 15 tracts",
    "n": 944,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "children born 1978 to 1983, household income measured in 2014 to 2015; predictors ACS 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "counties with at least 15 tracts in the model",
    "source": "opportunity-atlas",
    "unit": "percent of counties",
    "value": 23.0932,
    "weights": "none (each county counts once)"
  },
  "midwest_top_share": {
    "display": "54%",
    "estimand": "share of those counties in the Midwest Census region, under a floor of 8 tracts",
    "n": 158,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "children born 1978 to 1983, household income measured in 2014 to 2015; predictors ACS 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "the top tenth of counties with a residual, ranked by mean residual",
    "source": "opportunity-atlas",
    "unit": "percent of counties",
    "value": 53.7975,
    "weights": "none (each county counts once)"
  },
  "midwest_top_share_high": {
    "display": "37%",
    "estimand": "share of those counties in the Midwest Census region, under a floor of 15 tracts",
    "n": 95,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "children born 1978 to 1983, household income measured in 2014 to 2015; predictors ACS 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "the top tenth of counties with a residual, ranked by mean residual",
    "source": "opportunity-atlas",
    "unit": "percent of counties",
    "value": 36.8421,
    "weights": "none (each county counts once)"
  },
  "min_pop_tract": {
    "display": "200",
    "estimand": "a tract needs more than this many residents to enter the model (inclusion rule)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "children born 1978 to 1983, household income measured in 2014 to 2015; predictors ACS 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "2020 census tracts",
    "source": "opportunity-atlas",
    "unit": "residents",
    "value": 200,
    "weights": "none (inclusion rule)"
  },
  "min_tracts_resid": {
    "display": "8",
    "estimand": "minimum number of tracts in the model for a county to have a residual (inclusion rule)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "children born 1978 to 1983, household income measured in 2014 to 2015; predictors ACS 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "counties",
    "source": "opportunity-atlas",
    "unit": "tracts",
    "value": 8,
    "weights": "none (inclusion rule)"
  },
  "mob_slope": {
    "ci": [
      -0.68,
      -0.05
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.39",
    "estimand": "slope of the net migration rate on the county mobility rank, weighted by county population, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 3086,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "returns filed in 2022 matched with returns filed in 2023 (tax years 2021 and 2022); mobility for children born 1978 to 1983, household income measured in 2014 to 2015; predictors ACS 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "counties with a net migration rate and a mobility estimate",
    "source": "opportunity-atlas",
    "unit": "net migrating returns per 1,000 returns filed, per percentile point of upward mobility",
    "value": -0.394874,
    "weights": "ACS 2019-2023 county population"
  },
  "model_counties": {
    "display": "3,136",
    "estimand": "count of counties",
    "note": "Connecticut counts as its eight legacy counties.",
    "period": "children born 1978 to 1983, household income measured in 2014 to 2015; predictors ACS 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "counties and county equivalents with a tract in the model",
    "source": "opportunity-atlas",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 3136,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "model_n": {
    "display": "82,791",
    "estimand": "count of tracts in the model",
    "note": "",
    "period": "children born 1978 to 1983, household income measured in 2014 to 2015; predictors ACS 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "2020 census tracts with more than 200 residents, a mobility estimate and all five predictors",
    "source": "opportunity-atlas",
    "unit": "tracts",
    "value": 82791,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "model_unexplained": {
    "ci": [
      53.9,
      58.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "56.0%",
    "estimand": "one minus the R-squared of the five-measure model, county-bootstrap interval",
    "n": 82791,
    "nUnit": "tracts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "children born 1978 to 1983, household income measured in 2014 to 2015; predictors ACS 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "2020 census tracts with more than 200 residents, a mobility estimate and all five predictors",
    "source": "opportunity-atlas",
    "unit": "percent of the variance of tract upward mobility",
    "value": 55.9917,
    "weights": "ACS 2019-2023 tract population"
  },
  "mov_gain": {
    "display": "1,719",
    "estimand": "counties where arriving adjusted gross income exceeds leaving",
    "note": "",
    "period": "returns filed in 2022 matched with returns filed in 2023 (tax years 2021 and 2022)",
    "population": "counties and county equivalents with both directions of the IRS flow published",
    "source": "irs-migration",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 1719,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "mov_lose": {
    "display": "1,367",
    "estimand": "counties where leaving adjusted gross income exceeds arriving",
    "note": "",
    "period": "returns filed in 2022 matched with returns filed in 2023 (tax years 2021 and 2022)",
    "population": "counties and county equivalents with both directions of the IRS flow published",
    "source": "irs-migration",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 1367,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "mov_n": {
    "display": "3,086",
    "estimand": "count of counties with a net figure",
    "note": "",
    "period": "returns filed in 2022 matched with returns filed in 2023 (tax years 2021 and 2022)",
    "population": "counties and county equivalents with both directions of the IRS flow published",
    "source": "irs-migration",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 3086,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "mover_share": {
    "display": "5.6%",
    "estimand": "returns that arrived in a county from another county or from abroad, as a share of all returns filed",
    "note": "Arriving returns are summed over the counties with an arrivals figure; filed returns are the IRS SOI county totals for tax year 2022.",
    "period": "returns filed in 2022 matched with returns filed in 2023 (tax years 2021 and 2022)",
    "population": "individual income tax returns filed for tax year 2022",
    "source": "irs-migration",
    "unit": "percent of returns filed for tax year 2022",
    "value": 5.62261,
    "weights": "none (full counts of returns)"
  },
  "n_at_floor_high": {
    "display": "944",
    "estimand": "count of counties with a residual under this floor",
    "note": "",
    "period": "children born 1978 to 1983, household income measured in 2014 to 2015; predictors ACS 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "counties with at least 15 tracts in the model",
    "source": "opportunity-atlas",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 944,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "n_at_floor_low": {
    "display": "2,140",
    "estimand": "count of counties with a residual under this floor",
    "note": "",
    "period": "children born 1978 to 1983, household income measured in 2014 to 2015; predictors ACS 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "counties with at least 5 tracts in the model",
    "source": "opportunity-atlas",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 2140,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "n_beyond": {
    "display": "55",
    "estimand": "counties whose net income per resident lies beyond the ends of the map key",
    "note": "",
    "period": "returns filed in 2022 matched with returns filed in 2023 (tax years 2021 and 2022)",
    "population": "counties and county equivalents with both directions of the IRS flow published",
    "source": "irs-migration",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 55,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "n_big": {
    "display": "281",
    "estimand": "count of those counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "children born 1978 to 1983, household income measured in 2014 to 2015; predictors ACS 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "counties with at least 8 tracts in the model and at least 250,000 residents",
    "source": "opportunity-atlas",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 281,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "n_nodata_mig": {
    "display": "57",
    "estimand": "map units without a net figure: no IRS row, one direction withheld, or no population",
    "note": "",
    "period": "returns filed in 2022 matched with returns filed in 2023 (tax years 2021 and 2022)",
    "population": "counties and county equivalents on the map",
    "source": "irs-migration",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 57,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "n_out_hv": {
    "display": "8",
    "estimand": "counties outside the plotted range of the home-value scatter",
    "note": "",
    "period": "returns filed in 2022 matched with returns filed in 2023 (tax years 2021 and 2022)",
    "population": "counties with a home value and a net figure",
    "source": "irs-migration",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 8,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "n_out_mob": {
    "display": "21",
    "estimand": "counties outside the plotted range of the mobility scatter",
    "note": "",
    "period": "returns filed in 2022 matched with returns filed in 2023 (tax years 2021 and 2022)",
    "population": "counties with a net migration rate and a mobility estimate",
    "source": "irs-migration",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 21,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "n_outside_scatter": {
    "display": "132",
    "estimand": "tracts outside the plotted range of the prediction scatter",
    "note": "",
    "period": "children born 1978 to 1983, household income measured in 2014 to 2015; predictors ACS 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "2020 census tracts with more than 200 residents, a mobility estimate and all five predictors",
    "source": "opportunity-atlas",
    "unit": "tracts",
    "value": 132,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "n_resid_beyond": {
    "display": "148",
    "estimand": "counties whose mean residual lies beyond the ends of the map key (display range)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "children born 1978 to 1983, household income measured in 2014 to 2015; predictors ACS 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "counties with at least 8 tracts in the model",
    "source": "opportunity-atlas",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 148,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "n_resid_counties": {
    "display": "1,576",
    "estimand": "count of counties with a residual",
    "note": "",
    "period": "children born 1978 to 1983, household income measured in 2014 to 2015; predictors ACS 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "counties with at least 8 tracts in the model",
    "source": "opportunity-atlas",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 1576,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "n_resid_nodata": {
    "display": "1,567",
    "estimand": "map units without a county residual, counting those with fewer tracts than the floor and those with no tract in the model",
    "note": "",
    "period": "children born 1978 to 1983, household income measured in 2014 to 2015; predictors ACS 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "counties and county equivalents on the map",
    "source": "opportunity-atlas",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 1567,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "n_sample": {
    "display": "4,000",
    "estimand": "size of a random sample of tracts drawn with a fixed seed, inside the plotted range",
    "note": "",
    "period": "children born 1978 to 1983, household income measured in 2014 to 2015; predictors ACS 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "2020 census tracts with more than 200 residents, a mobility estimate and all five predictors",
    "source": "opportunity-atlas",
    "unit": "tracts",
    "value": 4000,
    "weights": "none (sample size)"
  },
  "northeast_all_share": {
    "display": "13%",
    "estimand": "share of all counties with a residual that are in the Northeast Census region, under a floor of 8 tracts",
    "n": 1576,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "children born 1978 to 1983, household income measured in 2014 to 2015; predictors ACS 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "counties with at least 8 tracts in the model",
    "source": "opportunity-atlas",
    "unit": "percent of counties",
    "value": 12.7538,
    "weights": "none (each county counts once)"
  },
  "northeast_all_share_high": {
    "display": "17%",
    "estimand": "share of all counties with a residual that are in the Northeast Census region, under a floor of 15 tracts",
    "n": 944,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "children born 1978 to 1983, household income measured in 2014 to 2015; predictors ACS 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "counties with at least 15 tracts in the model",
    "source": "opportunity-atlas",
    "unit": "percent of counties",
    "value": 17.2669,
    "weights": "none (each county counts once)"
  },
  "northeast_top_share": {
    "display": "14%",
    "estimand": "share of those counties in the Northeast Census region, under a floor of 8 tracts",
    "n": 158,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "children born 1978 to 1983, household income measured in 2014 to 2015; predictors ACS 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "the top tenth of counties with a residual, ranked by mean residual",
    "source": "opportunity-atlas",
    "unit": "percent of counties",
    "value": 13.9241,
    "weights": "none (each county counts once)"
  },
  "northeast_top_share_high": {
    "display": "28%",
    "estimand": "share of those counties in the Northeast Census region, under a floor of 15 tracts",
    "n": 95,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "children born 1978 to 1983, household income measured in 2014 to 2015; predictors ACS 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "the top tenth of counties with a residual, ranked by mean residual",
    "source": "opportunity-atlas",
    "unit": "percent of counties",
    "value": 28.4211,
    "weights": "none (each county counts once)"
  },
  "p95_at_floor_high": {
    "display": "+3.9",
    "estimand": "ninety-fifth percentile of the county mean residual under this floor, each county counted once",
    "n": 944,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "children born 1978 to 1983, household income measured in 2014 to 2015; predictors ACS 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "counties with at least 15 tracts in the model",
    "source": "opportunity-atlas",
    "unit": "percentile points of national household income rank in adulthood, actual minus predicted",
    "value": 3.91326,
    "weights": "none (each county counts once)"
  },
  "p95_at_floor_low": {
    "display": "+6.6",
    "estimand": "ninety-fifth percentile of the county mean residual under this floor, each county counted once",
    "n": 2140,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "children born 1978 to 1983, household income measured in 2014 to 2015; predictors ACS 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "counties with at least 5 tracts in the model",
    "source": "opportunity-atlas",
    "unit": "percentile points of national household income rank in adulthood, actual minus predicted",
    "value": 6.56538,
    "weights": "none (each county counts once)"
  },
  "pop_high": {
    "display": "18.1 million",
    "estimand": "sum of ACS tract population over the tracts of the group",
    "note": "",
    "period": "ACS 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "residents of the tracts in the top tenth of counties by mean residual",
    "source": "acs",
    "unit": "residents",
    "value": 18070934,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "pop_low": {
    "display": "17.2 million",
    "estimand": "sum of ACS tract population over the tracts of the group",
    "note": "",
    "period": "ACS 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "residents of the tracts in the bottom tenth of counties by mean residual",
    "source": "acs",
    "unit": "residents",
    "value": 17202215,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "pre1960_hi": {
    "ci": [
      28,
      47
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "38%",
    "estimand": "population-weighted mean over the tracts of the group, county-bootstrap interval; the groups are fixed before the draws",
    "n": 4512,
    "nUnit": "tracts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "EJScreen 2024 release (ACS 2018 to 2022)",
    "population": "residents of the tracts in the top tenth of counties by mean residual",
    "source": "ejscreen",
    "unit": "percent of housing units built before 1960",
    "value": 38.2687,
    "weights": "ACS 2019-2023 tract population"
  },
  "pre1960_lo": {
    "ci": [
      15,
      22
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "18%",
    "estimand": "population-weighted mean over the tracts of the group, county-bootstrap interval; the groups are fixed before the draws",
    "n": 4207,
    "nUnit": "tracts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "EJScreen 2024 release (ACS 2018 to 2022)",
    "population": "residents of the tracts in the bottom tenth of counties by mean residual",
    "source": "ejscreen",
    "unit": "percent of housing units built before 1960",
    "value": 18.1199,
    "weights": "ACS 2019-2023 tract population"
  },
  "r2": {
    "ci": [
      41.8,
      46.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "44.0%",
    "estimand": "R-squared of the population-weighted least-squares fit of tract mobility on poverty, college share, single-parent share, log median income and Black share, county-bootstrap interval",
    "n": 82791,
    "nUnit": "tracts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "children born 1978 to 1983, household income measured in 2014 to 2015; predictors ACS 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "2020 census tracts with more than 200 residents, a mobility estimate and all five predictors",
    "source": "opportunity-atlas",
    "unit": "percent of the variance of tract upward mobility",
    "value": 44.0083,
    "weights": "ACS 2019-2023 tract population"
  },
  "r_adi": {
    "ci": [
      -0.05,
      0.34
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.19",
    "estimand": "correlation across counties of the net migration rate with the county Area Deprivation Index rank, weighted by county population, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 3080,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "returns filed in 2022 matched with returns filed in 2023 (tax years 2021 and 2022); ADI 2023 release",
    "population": "counties with a net migration rate and a Area Deprivation Index rank",
    "source": "adi",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient",
    "value": 0.189094,
    "weights": "ACS 2019-2023 county population"
  },
  "r_adi_unw": {
    "ci": [
      -0.28,
      -0.09
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.19",
    "estimand": "correlation across counties of the net migration rate with the county Area Deprivation Index rank, each county counted once, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 3080,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "returns filed in 2022 matched with returns filed in 2023 (tax years 2021 and 2022); ADI 2023 release",
    "population": "counties with a net migration rate and a Area Deprivation Index rank",
    "source": "adi",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient",
    "value": -0.190156,
    "weights": "none (each county counts once)"
  },
  "r_gap_adi": {
    "ci": [
      -0.13,
      0.13
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.02",
    "estimand": "correlation across counties of the arriving minus leaving average adjusted gross income per return with the Area Deprivation Index rank, weighted by county population, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 3080,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "returns filed in 2022 matched with returns filed in 2023 (tax years 2021 and 2022); ADI 2023 release",
    "population": "counties with both directions of the IRS flow published and an Area Deprivation Index rank",
    "source": "irs-migration",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient",
    "value": 0.0170815,
    "weights": "ACS 2019-2023 county population"
  },
  "r_gap_adi_unw": {
    "ci": [
      -0.29,
      -0.14
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.21",
    "estimand": "correlation across counties of the arriving minus leaving average adjusted gross income per return with the Area Deprivation Index rank, each county counted once, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 3080,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "returns filed in 2022 matched with returns filed in 2023 (tax years 2021 and 2022); ADI 2023 release",
    "population": "counties with both directions of the IRS flow published and an Area Deprivation Index rank",
    "source": "irs-migration",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient",
    "value": -0.211762,
    "weights": "none (each county counts once)"
  },
  "r_hv": {
    "ci": [
      -0.47,
      0.02
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.30",
    "estimand": "correlation across counties of net adjusted gross income per resident with the county home value, weighted by county population, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 3084,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "The county home value is the mean of the ACS 2019-2023 median home values of the county's tracts, weighted by ACS 2019-2023 tract population; Connecticut tracts are assigned to the legacy counties through the tract crosswalk. A tract at the Census top code of 2,000,001 dollars enters at that value.",
    "period": "returns filed in 2022 matched with returns filed in 2023 (tax years 2021 and 2022); county home values from ACS 2019 to 2023 tract median home values",
    "population": "counties with a home value and a net figure",
    "source": "irs-migration",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient",
    "value": -0.304493,
    "weights": "ACS 2019-2023 county population"
  },
  "r_hv_unw": {
    "ci": [
      0.04,
      0.33
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.18",
    "estimand": "correlation across counties of net adjusted gross income per resident with the county home value, each county counted once, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 3084,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "returns filed in 2022 matched with returns filed in 2023 (tax years 2021 and 2022); county home values from ACS 2019 to 2023 tract median home values",
    "population": "counties with a home value and a net figure",
    "source": "irs-migration",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient",
    "value": 0.183114,
    "weights": "none (each county counts once)"
  },
  "r_kfr": {
    "ci": [
      -0.31,
      -0.02
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.19",
    "estimand": "correlation across counties of the net migration rate with the county upward-mobility rank, weighted by county population, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 3086,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "returns filed in 2022 matched with returns filed in 2023 (tax years 2021 and 2022); mobility for children born 1978 to 1983, household income measured in 2014 to 2015; predictors ACS 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "counties with a net migration rate and a upward-mobility rank",
    "source": "opportunity-atlas",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient",
    "value": -0.187766,
    "weights": "ACS 2019-2023 county population"
  },
  "r_kfr_unw": {
    "ci": [
      -0.33,
      -0.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.23",
    "estimand": "correlation across counties of the net migration rate with the county upward-mobility rank, each county counted once, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 3086,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "returns filed in 2022 matched with returns filed in 2023 (tax years 2021 and 2022); mobility for children born 1978 to 1983, household income measured in 2014 to 2015; predictors ACS 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "counties with a net migration rate and a upward-mobility rank",
    "source": "opportunity-atlas",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient",
    "value": -0.231193,
    "weights": "none (each county counts once)"
  },
  "r_le": {
    "ci": [
      -0.37,
      -0.09
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.25",
    "estimand": "correlation across counties of the net migration rate with the county life expectancy, weighted by county population, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 3075,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "returns filed in 2022 matched with returns filed in 2023 (tax years 2021 and 2022); life expectancy for deaths in 2010 to 2015",
    "population": "counties with a net migration rate and a life expectancy",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient",
    "value": -0.251885,
    "weights": "ACS 2019-2023 county population"
  },
  "r_le_unw": {
    "ci": [
      -0.23,
      -0.01
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.13",
    "estimand": "correlation across counties of the net migration rate with the county life expectancy, each county counted once, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 3075,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "returns filed in 2022 matched with returns filed in 2023 (tax years 2021 and 2022); life expectancy for deaths in 2010 to 2015",
    "population": "counties with a net migration rate and a life expectancy",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient",
    "value": -0.128113,
    "weights": "none (each county counts once)"
  },
  "r_resid_rate": {
    "ci": [
      -0.57,
      -0.28
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.44",
    "estimand": "correlation across counties of the county mean residual of mobility with the net migration rate, weighted by county population, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 1576,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "returns filed in 2022 matched with returns filed in 2023 (tax years 2021 and 2022); mobility for children born 1978 to 1983, household income measured in 2014 to 2015; predictors ACS 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "counties with a residual and a net migration rate",
    "source": "irs-migration",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient",
    "value": -0.437946,
    "weights": "ACS 2019-2023 county population"
  },
  "r_resid_rate_unw": {
    "ci": [
      -0.49,
      -0.27
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.39",
    "estimand": "correlation across counties of the county mean residual of mobility with the net migration rate, each county counted once, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 1576,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "returns filed in 2022 matched with returns filed in 2023 (tax years 2021 and 2022); mobility for children born 1978 to 1983, household income measured in 2014 to 2015; predictors ACS 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "counties with a residual and a net migration rate",
    "source": "irs-migration",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient",
    "value": -0.390025,
    "weights": "none (each county counts once)"
  },
  "resid_bergen": {
    "ci": [
      5.5,
      6.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+6.1",
    "estimand": "population-weighted mean of the tract residuals in the county; the interval is 1.96 standard errors from the spread of tract residuals within the county",
    "n": 203,
    "nUnit": "tracts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "children born 1978 to 1983, household income measured in 2014 to 2015; predictors ACS 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "children raised in low-income families (parents at the 25th percentile of the national income distribution) in Bergen, NJ",
    "source": "opportunity-atlas",
    "unit": "percentile points of national household income rank in adulthood, actual minus predicted",
    "value": 6.09317,
    "weights": "ACS 2019-2023 tract population"
  },
  "resid_buncombe": {
    "ci": [
      -6.1,
      -4.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−5.4",
    "estimand": "population-weighted mean of the tract residuals in the county; the interval is 1.96 standard errors from the spread of tract residuals within the county",
    "n": 64,
    "nUnit": "tracts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "children born 1978 to 1983, household income measured in 2014 to 2015; predictors ACS 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "children raised in low-income families (parents at the 25th percentile of the national income distribution) in Buncombe, NC",
    "source": "opportunity-atlas",
    "unit": "percentile points of national household income rank in adulthood, actual minus predicted",
    "value": -5.36159,
    "weights": "ACS 2019-2023 tract population"
  },
  "resid_denver": {
    "ci": [
      -6.1,
      -4.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−5.4",
    "estimand": "population-weighted mean of the tract residuals in the county; the interval is 1.96 standard errors from the spread of tract residuals within the county",
    "n": 175,
    "nUnit": "tracts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "children born 1978 to 1983, household income measured in 2014 to 2015; predictors ACS 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "children raised in low-income families (parents at the 25th percentile of the national income distribution) in Denver, CO",
    "source": "opportunity-atlas",
    "unit": "percentile points of national household income rank in adulthood, actual minus predicted",
    "value": -5.37989,
    "weights": "ACS 2019-2023 tract population"
  },
  "resid_key": {
    "display": "5",
    "estimand": "residual at the ends of the map key (display range)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "children born 1978 to 1983, household income measured in 2014 to 2015; predictors ACS 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "counties on the map",
    "source": "opportunity-atlas",
    "unit": "percentile points of national household income rank in adulthood",
    "value": 5,
    "weights": "none (display range)"
  },
  "resid_nassau": {
    "ci": [
      5.4,
      6.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+6.1",
    "estimand": "population-weighted mean of the tract residuals in the county; the interval is 1.96 standard errors from the spread of tract residuals within the county",
    "n": 278,
    "nUnit": "tracts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "children born 1978 to 1983, household income measured in 2014 to 2015; predictors ACS 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "children raised in low-income families (parents at the 25th percentile of the national income distribution) in Nassau, NY",
    "source": "opportunity-atlas",
    "unit": "percentile points of national household income rank in adulthood, actual minus predicted",
    "value": 6.12257,
    "weights": "ACS 2019-2023 tract population"
  },
  "resid_p5": {
    "display": "−4.8",
    "estimand": "fifth percentile of the county mean residual, each county counted once",
    "n": 1576,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "children born 1978 to 1983, household income measured in 2014 to 2015; predictors ACS 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "counties with at least 8 tracts in the model",
    "source": "opportunity-atlas",
    "unit": "percentile points of national household income rank in adulthood, actual minus predicted",
    "value": -4.82957,
    "weights": "none (each county counts once)"
  },
  "resid_p95": {
    "display": "+5.0",
    "estimand": "ninety-fifth percentile of the county mean residual, each county counted once",
    "n": 1576,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "children born 1978 to 1983, household income measured in 2014 to 2015; predictors ACS 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "counties with at least 8 tracts in the model",
    "source": "opportunity-atlas",
    "unit": "percentile points of national household income rank in adulthood, actual minus predicted",
    "value": 5.03378,
    "weights": "none (each county counts once)"
  },
  "resid_pop_share": {
    "display": "94%",
    "estimand": "share of the model's population living in counties with a residual",
    "n": 1576,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "children born 1978 to 1983, household income measured in 2014 to 2015; predictors ACS 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "2020 census tracts with more than 200 residents, a mobility estimate and all five predictors",
    "source": "opportunity-atlas",
    "unit": "percent of the population of the tracts in the model",
    "value": 94.3206,
    "weights": "ACS 2019-2023 tract population"
  },
  "resid_queens": {
    "ci": [
      5.2,
      6.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+5.6",
    "estimand": "population-weighted mean of the tract residuals in the county; the interval is 1.96 standard errors from the spread of tract residuals within the county",
    "n": 673,
    "nUnit": "tracts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "children born 1978 to 1983, household income measured in 2014 to 2015; predictors ACS 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "children raised in low-income families (parents at the 25th percentile of the national income distribution) in Queens, NY",
    "source": "opportunity-atlas",
    "unit": "percentile points of national household income rank in adulthood, actual minus predicted",
    "value": 5.61351,
    "weights": "ACS 2019-2023 tract population"
  },
  "resid_sd": {
    "display": "5.0",
    "estimand": "population-weighted standard deviation of the tract residual (actual minus predicted rank)",
    "n": 82791,
    "nUnit": "tracts",
    "note": "Full counts of the tracts in the model; no sampling interval is drawn.",
    "period": "children born 1978 to 1983, household income measured in 2014 to 2015; predictors ACS 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "2020 census tracts with more than 200 residents, a mobility estimate and all five predictors",
    "source": "opportunity-atlas",
    "unit": "percentile points of national household income rank in adulthood",
    "value": 4.98456,
    "weights": "ACS 2019-2023 tract population"
  },
  "resid_se_median": {
    "display": "0.7",
    "estimand": "median across counties of the standard error of the county mean residual (spread of tract residuals within the county)",
    "n": 1576,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "The standard error treats a county's tracts as independent draws. It leaves out errors shared by all tracts of a county.",
    "period": "children born 1978 to 1983, household income measured in 2014 to 2015; predictors ACS 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "counties with at least 8 tracts in the model",
    "source": "opportunity-atlas",
    "unit": "percentile points of national household income rank in adulthood",
    "value": 0.667963,
    "weights": "none (each county counts once)"
  },
  "resid_stjohns": {
    "ci": [
      -7.3,
      -4.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−5.8",
    "estimand": "population-weighted mean of the tract residuals in the county; the interval is 1.96 standard errors from the spread of tract residuals within the county",
    "n": 49,
    "nUnit": "tracts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "children born 1978 to 1983, household income measured in 2014 to 2015; predictors ACS 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "children raised in low-income families (parents at the 25th percentile of the national income distribution) in St. Johns, FL",
    "source": "opportunity-atlas",
    "unit": "percentile points of national household income rank in adulthood, actual minus predicted",
    "value": -5.83797,
    "weights": "ACS 2019-2023 tract population"
  },
  "resid_top": {
    "ci": [
      5.3,
      7.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+6.2",
    "estimand": "population-weighted mean of the tract residuals in the county; the interval is 1.96 standard errors from the spread of tract residuals within the county",
    "n": 117,
    "nUnit": "tracts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "children born 1978 to 1983, household income measured in 2014 to 2015; predictors ACS 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "children raised in low-income families (parents at the 25th percentile of the national income distribution) in Richmond, NY",
    "source": "opportunity-atlas",
    "unit": "percentile points of national household income rank in adulthood, actual minus predicted",
    "value": 6.24526,
    "weights": "ACS 2019-2023 tract population"
  },
  "scatter_n": {
    "display": "3,086",
    "estimand": "count of counties in the scatter",
    "note": "",
    "period": "returns filed in 2022 matched with returns filed in 2023 (tax years 2021 and 2022)",
    "population": "counties with a net migration rate and a mobility estimate",
    "source": "irs-migration",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 3086,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "smoke_hi": {
    "ci": [
      12.6,
      14.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "13.5%",
    "estimand": "population-weighted mean over the tracts of the group, county-bootstrap interval; the groups are fixed before the draws",
    "n": 4512,
    "nUnit": "tracts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "PLACES 2024 release (BRFSS 2022)",
    "population": "residents of the tracts in the top tenth of counties by mean residual",
    "source": "places",
    "unit": "percent of adults who currently smoke",
    "value": 13.5075,
    "weights": "ACS 2019-2023 tract population"
  },
  "smoke_lo": {
    "ci": [
      15.2,
      16.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "15.9%",
    "estimand": "population-weighted mean over the tracts of the group, county-bootstrap interval; the groups are fixed before the draws",
    "n": 4207,
    "nUnit": "tracts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "PLACES 2024 release (BRFSS 2022)",
    "population": "residents of the tracts in the bottom tenth of counties by mean residual",
    "source": "places",
    "unit": "percent of adults who currently smoke",
    "value": 15.8695,
    "weights": "ACS 2019-2023 tract population"
  },
  "south_all_share": {
    "display": "46%",
    "estimand": "share of all counties with a residual that are in the South Census region, under a floor of 8 tracts",
    "n": 1576,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "children born 1978 to 1983, household income measured in 2014 to 2015; predictors ACS 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "counties with at least 8 tracts in the model",
    "source": "opportunity-atlas",
    "unit": "percent of counties",
    "value": 46.1294,
    "weights": "none (each county counts once)"
  },
  "south_bottom_share": {
    "display": "81%",
    "estimand": "share of those counties in the South Census region, under a floor of 8 tracts",
    "n": 157,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "children born 1978 to 1983, household income measured in 2014 to 2015; predictors ACS 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "the bottom tenth of counties with a residual, ranked by mean residual",
    "source": "opportunity-atlas",
    "unit": "percent of counties",
    "value": 80.8917,
    "weights": "none (each county counts once)"
  },
  "south_bottom_share_high": {
    "display": "83%",
    "estimand": "share of those counties in the South Census region, under a floor of 15 tracts",
    "n": 94,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "children born 1978 to 1983, household income measured in 2014 to 2015; predictors ACS 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "the bottom tenth of counties with a residual, ranked by mean residual",
    "source": "opportunity-atlas",
    "unit": "percent of counties",
    "value": 82.9787,
    "weights": "none (each county counts once)"
  },
  "split_bottom": {
    "ci": [
      -5,
      -3.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−4.4",
    "estimand": "mean residual in the second random half of tracts of the bottom tenth of counties ranked on the first half, each county counted once, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 1486,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "children born 1978 to 1983, household income measured in 2014 to 2015; predictors ACS 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "counties with at least 8 tracts in the model and at least 3 tracts in each random half",
    "source": "opportunity-atlas",
    "unit": "percentile points of national household income rank in adulthood, actual minus predicted",
    "value": -4.39893,
    "weights": "none (each county counts once)"
  },
  "split_r": {
    "ci": [
      0.8,
      0.88
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.85",
    "estimand": "correlation across counties between the mean residual of one random half of a county's tracts and the other half, each county counted once, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 1486,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "children born 1978 to 1983, household income measured in 2014 to 2015; predictors ACS 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "counties with at least 8 tracts in the model and at least 3 tracts in each random half",
    "source": "opportunity-atlas",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient",
    "value": 0.847247,
    "weights": "none (each county counts once)"
  },
  "split_top": {
    "ci": [
      3.7,
      6.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+5.0",
    "estimand": "mean residual in the second random half of tracts of the top tenth of counties ranked on the first half, each county counted once, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 1486,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "children born 1978 to 1983, household income measured in 2014 to 2015; predictors ACS 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "counties with at least 8 tracts in the model and at least 3 tracts in each random half",
    "source": "opportunity-atlas",
    "unit": "percentile points of national household income rank in adulthood, actual minus predicted",
    "value": 4.95259,
    "weights": "none (each county counts once)"
  },
  "top_v": {
    "display": "5,793",
    "estimand": "largest net gain per resident (arriving minus leaving adjusted gross income over ACS population) among those counties: Collier, FL",
    "n": 998,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "returns filed in 2022 matched with returns filed in 2023 (tax years 2021 and 2022)",
    "population": "counties with at least 50,000 residents and a net figure",
    "source": "irs-migration",
    "unit": "dollars of net adjusted gross income gained per resident",
    "value": 5792.7,
    "weights": "none (a single county)"
  }
}