{
  "alt": "A figure with two tabs. The first is a scatter plot of tract life expectancy against deprivation percentile with a line that falls overall and a band. The second is a line chart of smoking and the annual checkup across deprivation tenths.",
  "caption": "The first tab shows the gradient in life expectancy across {fact:n_gradient_tracts} tracts, and the second compares smoking with the annual checkup, the measure that follows the gradient least. The chapter on health behaviors and the supply of care follows the other measures.",
  "data": [],
  "id": "le_gradient",
  "source": "USALEEP, 2010-2015; Area Deprivation Index, 2023; CDC PLACES 2024 release (BRFSS 2022); population-weighted, modeled estimates",
  "spec": {
    "panels": [
      {
        "figure": {
          "alt": "Scatter plot of tract life expectancy against deprivation percentile. A wide cloud of dots slopes down from the upper left to the lower right. A line of means through the cloud falls from left to right with small bumps between some neighboring percentiles, with a shaded band for the interquartile range of tracts and markers for tenths of tracts with short whiskers.",
          "caption": "The cloud and the line slope down from the least deprived tracts on the left to the most deprived on the right; the line is lower in each tenth than in the one before, and between neighboring percentiles it sometimes rises by a fraction of a year. The line is the population-weighted mean of tract life expectancy at each ADI percentile, the band is the interquartile range of tracts at that percentile, which is spread and not an interval, and the markers are tenths of tracts with 95% intervals from a bootstrap over counties.",
          "data": [],
          "id": "le_by_adi_tracts",
          "notes": [
            "The dots are a random sample of {fact:n_cloud} of the {fact:n_gradient_tracts} tracts in the gradient, drawn with a fixed seed; the line, the band and the markers use every tract. Tenths of tracts are rank bins of the ADI and hold from {fact:tenth_min} to {fact:tenth_max} tracts because tracts with tied ranks fall in the same tenth. Institutional tracts are dropped.",
            "Tract estimates are modeled and carry estimation error, which widens the cloud around the line. USALEEP covers deaths in 2010 to 2015 and the 2020-tract file is area-weighted from 2010 tracts, so a single dot is a rough estimate.",
            "Across all the tracts of the gradient, the population-weighted mean of life expectancy at birth is {fact:us_le} years."
          ],
          "spec": {
            "overlays": [
              {
                "hi": "hi",
                "kind": "band",
                "label": "Mean and interquartile range of tracts, by percentile",
                "lo": "lo",
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                ],
                "x": "x",
                "y": "y"
              },
              {
                "hi": "hi",
                "kind": "line",
                "label": "Tenths of tracts with 95% interval",
                "lo": "lo",
                "rows": [
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                  {
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                ],
                "x": "x",
                "y": "y"
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            ],
            "payload": "le_by_adi_tracts.json",
            "x": "adi",
            "xDomain": [
              0,
              100
            ],
            "xFormat": {
              "digits": 0
            },
            "xLabel": "Area Deprivation Index national percentile (1 = least deprived, 100 = most deprived)",
            "y": "le_birth",
            "yDomain": [
              55,
              100
            ],
            "yFormat": {
              "digits": 1
            },
            "yLabel": "Life expectancy at birth (years)"
          },
          "subtitle": "Life expectancy at birth against the Area Deprivation Index national percentile, one dot per sampled tract, with the population-weighted mean and the interquartile range of tracts at each percentile, deaths in 2010 to 2015",
          "title": "Life expectancy at birth falls from {fact:le_d1} years in the least deprived tenth of tracts to {fact:le_d10} years in the most deprived",
          "type": "scatter"
        },
        "label": "Life expectancy"
      },
      {
        "figure": {
          "alt": "Line chart over the deprivation tenths of tracts. The smoking line rises from {fact:smk_lo} in the least deprived tenth to {fact:smk_hi} in the most deprived. The checkup line starts at {fact:chk_lo}, ends at {fact:chk_hi} and stays near the top of the chart.",
          "caption": "The smoking line climbs and the checkup line stays near the top of the chart. Each point is the mean of the tract values in a tenth, weighted by adults, with a 95% interval from a bootstrap over counties.",
          "data": [
            {
              "conf_high": 9.59,
              "conf_low": 8.53,
              "decile": 1,
              "estimate": 9.06,
              "n": 8274,
              "series": "Current smoking"
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 11.25,
              "conf_low": 10.2,
              "decile": 2,
              "estimate": 10.74,
              "n": 8118,
              "series": "Current smoking"
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 11.99,
              "conf_low": 11.28,
              "decile": 3,
              "estimate": 11.62,
              "n": 8511,
              "series": "Current smoking"
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 12.88,
              "conf_low": 12.45,
              "decile": 4,
              "estimate": 12.67,
              "n": 8261,
              "series": "Current smoking"
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 14.09,
              "conf_low": 13.7,
              "decile": 5,
              "estimate": 13.89,
              "n": 8189,
              "series": "Current smoking"
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 15.28,
              "conf_low": 14.93,
              "decile": 6,
              "estimate": 15.1,
              "n": 8318,
              "series": "Current smoking"
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 16.54,
              "conf_low": 16.25,
              "decile": 7,
              "estimate": 16.39,
              "n": 8305,
              "series": "Current smoking"
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 17.94,
              "conf_low": 17.61,
              "decile": 8,
              "estimate": 17.78,
              "n": 8238,
              "series": "Current smoking"
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 19.62,
              "conf_low": 19.27,
              "decile": 9,
              "estimate": 19.45,
              "n": 8354,
              "series": "Current smoking"
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 23.14,
              "conf_low": 22.46,
              "decile": 10,
              "estimate": 22.81,
              "n": 8213,
              "series": "Current smoking"
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 75.29,
              "conf_low": 73.23,
              "decile": 1,
              "estimate": 74.16,
              "n": 8274,
              "series": "Annual checkup"
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 75.4,
              "conf_low": 73.25,
              "decile": 2,
              "estimate": 74.27,
              "n": 8118,
              "series": "Annual checkup"
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 75.35,
              "conf_low": 74,
              "decile": 3,
              "estimate": 74.67,
              "n": 8511,
              "series": "Annual checkup"
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 75.41,
              "conf_low": 74.4,
              "decile": 4,
              "estimate": 74.9,
              "n": 8261,
              "series": "Annual checkup"
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 75.89,
              "conf_low": 75.06,
              "decile": 5,
              "estimate": 75.46,
              "n": 8189,
              "series": "Annual checkup"
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 76.26,
              "conf_low": 75.45,
              "decile": 6,
              "estimate": 75.85,
              "n": 8318,
              "series": "Annual checkup"
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 76.59,
              "conf_low": 75.81,
              "decile": 7,
              "estimate": 76.21,
              "n": 8305,
              "series": "Annual checkup"
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 76.96,
              "conf_low": 76.26,
              "decile": 8,
              "estimate": 76.62,
              "n": 8238,
              "series": "Annual checkup"
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 77.44,
              "conf_low": 76.83,
              "decile": 9,
              "estimate": 77.14,
              "n": 8354,
              "series": "Annual checkup"
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 78.18,
              "conf_low": 77.34,
              "decile": 10,
              "estimate": 77.76,
              "n": 8213,
              "series": "Annual checkup"
            }
          ],
          "id": "smoking_and_checkup",
          "notes": [
            "CDC PLACES values are modeled from survey responses with census and ACS inputs, and the ADI is built from the ACS too, so part of each gradient is built in. Values are crude prevalence among adults. The tract file has no intervals; the whiskers come from resampling counties.",
            "Across all the tracts with an ADI rank, {fact:us_smoking} of adults currently smoke and {fact:us_checkup} had a routine checkup in the past year."
          ],
          "spec": {
            "bandSeries": [
              "Current smoking",
              "Annual checkup"
            ],
            "colors": {
              "Annual checkup": "cat2",
              "Current smoking": "cat1"
            },
            "hi": "conf_high",
            "lo": "conf_low",
            "n": "n",
            "series": "series",
            "x": "decile",
            "xDomain": [
              1,
              10
            ],
            "xLabel": "Tenth of tracts by Area Deprivation Index (1 = least deprived, 10 = most deprived)",
            "xTicks": "data",
            "y": "estimate",
            "yDomain": [
              0,
              100
            ],
            "yLabel": "Percent of adults"
          },
          "subtitle": "Percent of adults who currently smoke and percent who had a routine checkup in the past year, by tenth of tracts by ADI national percentile, modeled tract estimates, BRFSS 2022",
          "title": "Smoking rises from {fact:smk_lo} to {fact:smk_hi} across tenths of tracts by deprivation, and the annual checkup moves from {fact:chk_lo} to {fact:chk_hi}",
          "type": "line"
        },
        "label": "Smoking and checkups"
      }
    ]
  },
  "subtitle": "Tract life expectancy at birth by Area Deprivation Index percentile, and two modeled health measures by tenth of tracts",
  "title": "Life expectancy is lower in each higher tenth of tracts by deprivation, and smoking rises with it while the annual checkup rises little",
  "type": "tabs",
  "width": "wide"
}