{
  "adi_within": {
    "display": "34%",
    "estimand": "share of the population-weighted variance of the ADI national percentile that lies between tracts in the same county (sum-of-squares decomposition)",
    "n": 82545,
    "nUnit": "tracts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "ACS 2019-2023; ADI 2023",
    "population": "tracts in the 50 states and DC with all nine measures, an ACS population above zero and an ADI rank",
    "source": "adi",
    "unit": "percent of the variance of the ADI national percentile",
    "value": 33.9822,
    "weights": "ACS 2019-2023 tract population"
  },
  "alt_adi_least": {
    "ci": [
      82.1,
      82.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "82.3",
    "estimand": "population-weighted mean of tract life expectancy at birth; 95% intervals from a bootstrap over counties",
    "n": 7179,
    "nUnit": "tracts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, area-weighted onto 2020 tracts); ADI 2023; ACS 2019-2023 population",
    "population": "the least deprived tenth of tracts ranked by Area Deprivation Index, among the tracts with all four rankings",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "Life expectancy at birth (years)",
    "value": 82.3292,
    "weights": "ACS 2019-2023 tract population"
  },
  "alt_adi_most": {
    "ci": [
      73.8,
      74.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "74.0",
    "estimand": "population-weighted mean of tract life expectancy at birth; 95% intervals from a bootstrap over counties",
    "n": 7206,
    "nUnit": "tracts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, area-weighted onto 2020 tracts); ADI 2023; ACS 2019-2023 population",
    "population": "the most deprived tenth of tracts ranked by Area Deprivation Index, among the tracts with all four rankings",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "Life expectancy at birth (years)",
    "value": 74.0433,
    "weights": "ACS 2019-2023 tract population"
  },
  "alt_adi_rho": {
    "display": "−1.00",
    "estimand": "Spearman rank correlation between bin order and bin mean, each bin counted once",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, area-weighted onto 2020 tracts); ADI 2023; ACS 2019-2023 population",
    "population": "the bins of tracts ranked by Area Deprivation Index",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "rank correlation",
    "value": -1,
    "weights": "each bin counted once"
  },
  "alt_degree_least": {
    "ci": [
      82,
      82.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "82.3",
    "estimand": "population-weighted mean of tract life expectancy at birth; 95% intervals from a bootstrap over counties",
    "n": 7178,
    "nUnit": "tracts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, area-weighted onto 2020 tracts); ADI 2023; ACS 2019-2023 population",
    "population": "the least deprived tenth of tracts ranked by Bachelor's degree share, among the tracts with all four rankings",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "Life expectancy at birth (years)",
    "value": 82.2749,
    "weights": "ACS 2019-2023 tract population"
  },
  "alt_degree_most": {
    "ci": [
      74.9,
      75.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "75.3",
    "estimand": "population-weighted mean of tract life expectancy at birth; 95% intervals from a bootstrap over counties",
    "n": 7175,
    "nUnit": "tracts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, area-weighted onto 2020 tracts); ADI 2023; ACS 2019-2023 population",
    "population": "the most deprived tenth of tracts ranked by Bachelor's degree share, among the tracts with all four rankings",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "Life expectancy at birth (years)",
    "value": 75.2941,
    "weights": "ACS 2019-2023 tract population"
  },
  "alt_degree_rho": {
    "display": "−1.00",
    "estimand": "Spearman rank correlation between bin order and bin mean, each bin counted once",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, area-weighted onto 2020 tracts); ADI 2023; ACS 2019-2023 population",
    "population": "the bins of tracts ranked by Bachelor's degree share",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "rank correlation",
    "value": -1,
    "weights": "each bin counted once"
  },
  "alt_income_least": {
    "ci": [
      82,
      82.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "82.2",
    "estimand": "population-weighted mean of tract life expectancy at birth; 95% intervals from a bootstrap over counties",
    "n": 7177,
    "nUnit": "tracts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, area-weighted onto 2020 tracts); ADI 2023; ACS 2019-2023 population",
    "population": "the least deprived tenth of tracts ranked by Median household income, among the tracts with all four rankings",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "Life expectancy at birth (years)",
    "value": 82.2323,
    "weights": "ACS 2019-2023 tract population"
  },
  "alt_income_most": {
    "ci": [
      73.9,
      74.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "74.2",
    "estimand": "population-weighted mean of tract life expectancy at birth; 95% intervals from a bootstrap over counties",
    "n": 7178,
    "nUnit": "tracts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, area-weighted onto 2020 tracts); ADI 2023; ACS 2019-2023 population",
    "population": "the most deprived tenth of tracts ranked by Median household income, among the tracts with all four rankings",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "Life expectancy at birth (years)",
    "value": 74.1832,
    "weights": "ACS 2019-2023 tract population"
  },
  "alt_income_rho": {
    "display": "−1.00",
    "estimand": "Spearman rank correlation between bin order and bin mean, each bin counted once",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, area-weighted onto 2020 tracts); ADI 2023; ACS 2019-2023 population",
    "population": "the bins of tracts ranked by Median household income",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "rank correlation",
    "value": -1,
    "weights": "each bin counted once"
  },
  "alt_n_places": {
    "display": "71,771",
    "estimand": "count of tracts in the common sample of the ranking comparison",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, area-weighted onto 2020 tracts); ADI 2023; ACS 2019-2023 population",
    "population": "tracts with the outcome and all four rankings",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "tracts",
    "value": 71771,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "alt_rho_cut": {
    "display": "0.9",
    "estimand": "threshold between a steady and an uneven gradient",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, area-weighted onto 2020 tracts); ADI 2023; ACS 2019-2023 population",
    "population": "the rule for changed gradients (docs/RANKING_SWITCH_RULE.md)",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "absolute rank correlation",
    "value": 0.9,
    "weights": "none (a fixed rule)"
  },
  "alt_rho_margin": {
    "display": "0.1",
    "estimand": "smallest move in the rank correlation that counts as a change of shape",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, area-weighted onto 2020 tracts); ADI 2023; ACS 2019-2023 population",
    "population": "the rule for changed gradients (docs/RANKING_SWITCH_RULE.md)",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "absolute rank correlation",
    "value": 0.1,
    "weights": "none (a fixed rule)"
  },
  "alt_std_least": {
    "ci": [
      82.2,
      82.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "82.4",
    "estimand": "population-weighted mean of tract life expectancy at birth; 95% intervals from a bootstrap over counties",
    "n": 7177,
    "nUnit": "tracts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, area-weighted onto 2020 tracts); ADI 2023; ACS 2019-2023 population",
    "population": "the least deprived tenth of tracts ranked by Standardized index, among the tracts with all four rankings",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "Life expectancy at birth (years)",
    "value": 82.3682,
    "weights": "ACS 2019-2023 tract population"
  },
  "alt_std_most": {
    "ci": [
      74.2,
      75.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "74.7",
    "estimand": "population-weighted mean of tract life expectancy at birth; 95% intervals from a bootstrap over counties",
    "n": 7178,
    "nUnit": "tracts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, area-weighted onto 2020 tracts); ADI 2023; ACS 2019-2023 population",
    "population": "the most deprived tenth of tracts ranked by Standardized index, among the tracts with all four rankings",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "Life expectancy at birth (years)",
    "value": 74.6911,
    "weights": "ACS 2019-2023 tract population"
  },
  "alt_std_rho": {
    "display": "−1.00",
    "estimand": "Spearman rank correlation between bin order and bin mean, each bin counted once",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, area-weighted onto 2020 tracts); ADI 2023; ACS 2019-2023 population",
    "population": "the bins of tracts ranked by Standardized index",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "rank correlation",
    "value": -1,
    "weights": "each bin counted once"
  },
  "chk_delta": {
    "ci": [
      2.4,
      4.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "3.6",
    "estimand": "difference between the weighted mean prevalence of the least deprived and the most deprived tenth of tracts by ADI national percentile, bootstrap interval over counties (draws shared by the two means)",
    "n": 8213,
    "nUnit": "tracts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "BRFSS 2022 (PLACES 2024 release); ADI 2023",
    "population": "adults: routine checkup in the past year",
    "source": "places",
    "unit": "percentage points of adults, higher in the most deprived tenth of tracts",
    "value": 3.59838,
    "weights": "adult population of the tract (PLACES)"
  },
  "chk_hi": {
    "ci": [
      77.3,
      78.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "77.8%",
    "estimand": "weighted mean of the tract prevalence in a tenth of tracts (rank bins of the ADI; tracts with tied ranks fall in the same tenth), bootstrap interval over counties",
    "n": 8213,
    "nUnit": "tracts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "BRFSS 2022 (PLACES 2024 release); ADI 2023",
    "population": "adults in the most deprived tenth of tracts by ADI national percentile: routine checkup in the past year",
    "source": "places",
    "unit": "percent of adults",
    "value": 77.7611,
    "weights": "adult population of the tract (PLACES)"
  },
  "chk_lo": {
    "ci": [
      73.2,
      75.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "74.2%",
    "estimand": "weighted mean of the tract prevalence in a tenth of tracts (rank bins of the ADI; tracts with tied ranks fall in the same tenth), bootstrap interval over counties",
    "n": 8274,
    "nUnit": "tracts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "BRFSS 2022 (PLACES 2024 release); ADI 2023",
    "population": "adults in the least deprived tenth of tracts by ADI national percentile: routine checkup in the past year",
    "source": "places",
    "unit": "percent of adults",
    "value": 74.1627,
    "weights": "adult population of the tract (PLACES)"
  },
  "ladder_county": {
    "ci": [
      1.07,
      1.16
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "1.12",
    "estimand": "population-weighted least-squares slope of tract life expectancy on the ADI national percentile, times ten, sign reversed, with a constant for each county; cluster-robust interval (t on the number of counties minus one)",
    "n": 77722,
    "nUnit": "tracts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, area-weighted onto 2020 tracts); ADI 2023; ACS 2019-2023 population",
    "population": "residents of non-institutional tracts in the 50 states and DC with a life expectancy estimate and an ADI rank",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "years of life expectancy at birth lower per ten-point step in the ADI national percentile",
    "value": 1.11502,
    "weights": "ACS 2019-2023 tract population"
  },
  "ladder_raw": {
    "ci": [
      0.75,
      0.92
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.84",
    "estimand": "population-weighted least-squares slope of tract life expectancy on the ADI national percentile, times ten, sign reversed; cluster-robust interval (t on the number of states minus one)",
    "n": 77936,
    "nUnit": "tracts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, area-weighted onto 2020 tracts); ADI 2023; ACS 2019-2023 population",
    "population": "residents of non-institutional tracts in the 50 states and DC with a life expectancy estimate and an ADI rank",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "years of life expectancy at birth lower per ten-point step in the ADI national percentile",
    "value": 0.835116,
    "weights": "ACS 2019-2023 tract population"
  },
  "le_d1": {
    "ci": [
      82,
      82.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "82.3",
    "estimand": "population-weighted mean of tract life expectancy in a tenth of tracts (rank bins of the ADI; tracts with tied ranks fall in the same tenth), bootstrap interval over counties",
    "n": 7820,
    "nUnit": "tracts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, area-weighted onto 2020 tracts); ADI 2023; ACS 2019-2023 population",
    "population": "residents of tracts in the least deprived tenth of tracts by ADI national percentile",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "years of life expectancy at birth",
    "value": 82.2862,
    "weights": "ACS 2019-2023 tract population"
  },
  "le_d10": {
    "ci": [
      73.7,
      74.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "74.0",
    "estimand": "population-weighted mean of tract life expectancy in a tenth of tracts (rank bins of the ADI; tracts with tied ranks fall in the same tenth), bootstrap interval over counties",
    "n": 7844,
    "nUnit": "tracts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, area-weighted onto 2020 tracts); ADI 2023; ACS 2019-2023 population",
    "population": "residents of tracts in the most deprived tenth of tracts by ADI national percentile",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "years of life expectancy at birth",
    "value": 74.0082,
    "weights": "ACS 2019-2023 tract population"
  },
  "le_decile_drop": {
    "ci": [
      7.9,
      8.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "8.3",
    "estimand": "difference between the population-weighted mean life expectancy of the least and the most deprived tenth of tracts, bootstrap interval over counties (draws shared by the two means)",
    "n": 7844,
    "nUnit": "tracts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, area-weighted onto 2020 tracts); ADI 2023; ACS 2019-2023 population",
    "population": "residents of non-institutional tracts in the 50 states and DC with a life expectancy estimate and an ADI rank",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "years of life expectancy at birth lower in the most deprived tenth of tracts",
    "value": 8.27805,
    "weights": "ACS 2019-2023 tract population"
  },
  "le_step_first": {
    "ci": [
      1,
      1.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "1.3",
    "estimand": "difference between the population-weighted mean life expectancy of the least deprived tenth and the next tenth, bootstrap interval over counties (draws shared)",
    "n": 7820,
    "nUnit": "tracts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, area-weighted onto 2020 tracts); ADI 2023; ACS 2019-2023 population",
    "population": "residents of non-institutional tracts in the 50 states and DC with a life expectancy estimate and an ADI rank",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "years of life expectancy at birth, first tenth minus second tenth of tracts by ADI",
    "value": 1.3325,
    "weights": "ACS 2019-2023 tract population"
  },
  "le_step_last": {
    "ci": [
      1.6,
      2.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "1.9",
    "estimand": "difference between the population-weighted mean life expectancy of the ninth tenth and the most deprived tenth, bootstrap interval over counties (draws shared)",
    "n": 7844,
    "nUnit": "tracts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, area-weighted onto 2020 tracts); ADI 2023; ACS 2019-2023 population",
    "population": "residents of non-institutional tracts in the 50 states and DC with a life expectancy estimate and an ADI rank",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "years of life expectancy at birth, ninth tenth minus tenth tenth of tracts by ADI",
    "value": 1.8627,
    "weights": "ACS 2019-2023 tract population"
  },
  "metro_flat_edge": {
    "display": "0.70",
    "estimand": "5th percentile over metros of the estimated metro slope, sign reversed",
    "n": 267,
    "nUnit": "metros",
    "note": "A percentile of estimates, which are stretched by estimation error.",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, area-weighted onto 2020 tracts); ADI 2023; ACS 2019-2023 population",
    "population": "residents of metros (core-based statistical areas) with at least 40 tracts that have a life expectancy estimate and an ADI rank",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "years of life expectancy at birth lower per ten-point step in the ADI national percentile",
    "value": 0.701837,
    "weights": "none (each metro counts once)"
  },
  "metro_floor": {
    "display": "40",
    "estimand": "minimum number of tracts with a life expectancy estimate and an ADI rank for a metro to enter (rule)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, area-weighted onto 2020 tracts); ADI 2023; ACS 2019-2023 population",
    "population": "metros",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "tracts",
    "value": 40,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "metro_median": {
    "ci": [
      1.14,
      1.23
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "1.20",
    "estimand": "median over metros of the metro slope, sign reversed; bootstrap interval over metros",
    "n": 267,
    "nUnit": "metros",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, area-weighted onto 2020 tracts); ADI 2023; ACS 2019-2023 population",
    "population": "residents of metros (core-based statistical areas) with at least 40 tracts that have a life expectancy estimate and an ADI rank",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "years of life expectancy at birth lower per ten-point step in the ADI national percentile",
    "value": 1.2013,
    "weights": "none (each metro counts once)"
  },
  "metro_n_lower": {
    "display": "267",
    "estimand": "count of metros with life expectancy lower in more deprived tracts: the reported slope (years lower per ten-point step) is above zero",
    "n": 267,
    "nUnit": "metros",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, area-weighted onto 2020 tracts); ADI 2023; ACS 2019-2023 population",
    "population": "residents of metros (core-based statistical areas) with at least 40 tracts that have a life expectancy estimate and an ADI rank",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "metros",
    "value": 267,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "metro_n_sig": {
    "display": "260",
    "estimand": "count of metros whose 95% interval for the reported slope lies above zero",
    "n": 267,
    "nUnit": "metros",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, area-weighted onto 2020 tracts); ADI 2023; ACS 2019-2023 population",
    "population": "residents of metros (core-based statistical areas) with at least 40 tracts that have a life expectancy estimate and an ADI rank",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "metros",
    "value": 260,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "metro_noise": {
    "display": "48%",
    "estimand": "mean squared standard error of the metro slopes over the variance of the estimated slopes across metros",
    "n": 267,
    "nUnit": "metros",
    "note": "The standard errors treat tracts as independent in metros with fewer than five counties, so this share may be too small.",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, area-weighted onto 2020 tracts); ADI 2023; ACS 2019-2023 population",
    "population": "residents of metros (core-based statistical areas) with at least 40 tracts that have a life expectancy estimate and an ADI rank",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "percent of the variance of the estimated metro slopes",
    "value": 47.7351,
    "weights": "none (each metro counts once)"
  },
  "metro_pop_share": {
    "display": "82%",
    "estimand": "share of residents of the tract sample who live in the metros of the analysis",
    "n": 267,
    "nUnit": "metros",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, area-weighted onto 2020 tracts); ADI 2023; ACS 2019-2023 population",
    "population": "residents of non-institutional tracts in the 50 states and DC with a life expectancy estimate and an ADI rank",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "percent of residents",
    "value": 81.8347,
    "weights": "ACS 2019-2023 tract population"
  },
  "metro_steep_edge": {
    "display": "1.67",
    "estimand": "95th percentile over metros of the estimated metro slope, sign reversed",
    "n": 267,
    "nUnit": "metros",
    "note": "A percentile of estimates, which are stretched by estimation error.",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, area-weighted onto 2020 tracts); ADI 2023; ACS 2019-2023 population",
    "population": "residents of metros (core-based statistical areas) with at least 40 tracts that have a life expectancy estimate and an ADI rank",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "years of life expectancy at birth lower per ten-point step in the ADI national percentile",
    "value": 1.66712,
    "weights": "none (each metro counts once)"
  },
  "mto_age_cut": {
    "display": "13",
    "estimand": "the age below which Chetty, Hendren and Katz (2016) find the gain in income (definition from the study)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "age when the family moved",
    "population": "children in the Moving to Opportunity experiment",
    "source": "published-estimates",
    "unit": "years of age",
    "value": 13,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "mto_bmi_cut": {
    "display": "40",
    "estimand": "the body-mass index at or above which Ludwig and coauthors (2011) count a woman as extremely obese (definition from the study)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "health measured in 2008 to 2010",
    "population": "women in the Moving to Opportunity experiment",
    "source": "published-estimates",
    "unit": "kilograms per square meter (body-mass index)",
    "value": 40,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "mto_diab_diff": {
    "ci": [
      0.8,
      7.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "4.3",
    "estimand": "Ludwig and coauthors (2011), New England Journal of Medicine: 4,498 women with children living in public housing in high-poverty census tracts, randomly assigned in 1994 to 1998 to a voucher usable only in a low-poverty tract, an unrestricted voucher or no voucher; health measured in 2008 to 2010 (intention to treat); reported absolute difference in the prevalence of a glycated hemoglobin level of 6.5% or more, copied from the abstract and not computed in this build",
    "note": "A published estimate, not a result of this build.",
    "period": "health measured in 2008 to 2010",
    "population": "women in the Moving to Opportunity experiment",
    "source": "published-estimates",
    "unit": "percentage points lower prevalence of glycated hemoglobin of 6.5% or more in the low-poverty voucher group than in the control group",
    "value": 4.31,
    "weights": "none (reported estimate)"
  },
  "mto_hba1c_cut": {
    "display": "6.5%",
    "estimand": "the glycated hemoglobin level at or above which Ludwig and coauthors (2011) count a woman as having diabetes (definition from the study)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "health measured in 2008 to 2010",
    "population": "women in the Moving to Opportunity experiment",
    "source": "published-estimates",
    "unit": "percent glycated hemoglobin",
    "value": 6.5,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "mto_income_itt": {
    "display": "14%",
    "estimand": "Chetty, Hendren and Katz (2016), American Economic Review (NBER working paper 21156): children below age 13 at random assignment, individual earnings in the mid-twenties, control mean $11,270; intention-to-treat effect of assignment to the experimental voucher group, $1,624, a 14 percent increase; read in the text of the working paper and not computed in this build",
    "note": "A published estimate, not a result of this build.",
    "period": "income in the mid-twenties",
    "population": "children below age 13 at random assignment to the experimental voucher group of the Moving to Opportunity experiment",
    "source": "published-estimates",
    "unit": "percent higher annual income in the mid-twenties than the control group (intention to treat, $1,624)",
    "value": 14,
    "weights": "none (reported estimate)"
  },
  "mto_income_tot": {
    "display": "31%",
    "estimand": "Chetty, Hendren and Katz (2016), American Economic Review (NBER working paper 21156): children below age 13 at random assignment, individual earnings in the mid-twenties, control mean $11,270; treatment-on-the-treated effect for families that took up the experimental voucher, the intention-to-treat effect scaled by the take-up rate, $3,477, a 31 percent increase; read in the text of the working paper and not computed in this build",
    "note": "A published estimate, not a result of this build.",
    "period": "income in the mid-twenties",
    "population": "children below age 13 whose families took up the experimental voucher in the Moving to Opportunity experiment",
    "source": "published-estimates",
    "unit": "percent higher annual income in the mid-twenties among families that took up the voucher (treatment on the treated, $3,477)",
    "value": 31,
    "weights": "none (reported estimate)"
  },
  "mto_obese_diff": {
    "ci": [
      0.4,
      6.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "3.4",
    "estimand": "Ludwig and coauthors (2011), New England Journal of Medicine: 4,498 women with children living in public housing in high-poverty census tracts, randomly assigned in 1994 to 1998 to a voucher usable only in a low-poverty tract, an unrestricted voucher or no voucher; health measured in 2008 to 2010 (intention to treat); reported absolute difference in the prevalence of a body-mass index of 40 or more, copied from the abstract and not computed in this build",
    "note": "A published estimate, not a result of this build.",
    "period": "health measured in 2008 to 2010",
    "population": "women in the Moving to Opportunity experiment",
    "source": "published-estimates",
    "unit": "percentage points lower prevalence of a body-mass index of 40 or more in the low-poverty voucher group than in the control group",
    "value": 3.38,
    "weights": "none (reported estimate)"
  },
  "mto_takeup": {
    "display": "48%",
    "estimand": "Chetty, Hendren and Katz (2016): take-up rate of the experimental voucher; read in the text of the working paper (NBER w21156) and not computed in this build",
    "note": "A published estimate, not a result of this build.",
    "period": "take-up of the voucher",
    "population": "families in the experimental voucher group of the Moving to Opportunity experiment",
    "source": "published-estimates",
    "unit": "percent of families assigned the experimental voucher who took it up",
    "value": 48,
    "weights": "none (reported estimate)"
  },
  "n_cloud": {
    "display": "4,000",
    "estimand": "size of the random sample of tracts drawn with a fixed seed for the scatter (rule)",
    "n": 77936,
    "nUnit": "tracts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, area-weighted onto 2020 tracts); ADI 2023; ACS 2019-2023 population",
    "population": "residents of non-institutional tracts in the 50 states and DC with a life expectancy estimate and an ADI rank",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "tracts",
    "value": 4000,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "n_gradient_tracts": {
    "display": "77,936",
    "estimand": "count of tracts in the gradient",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, area-weighted onto 2020 tracts); ADI 2023; ACS 2019-2023 population",
    "population": "residents of non-institutional tracts in the 50 states and DC with a life expectancy estimate and an ADI rank",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "tracts",
    "value": 77936,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "n_metros": {
    "display": "267",
    "estimand": "count of metros",
    "note": "Metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas; each tract takes the area of its county (Census county file).",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, area-weighted onto 2020 tracts); ADI 2023; ACS 2019-2023 population",
    "population": "residents of metros (core-based statistical areas) with at least 40 tracts that have a life expectancy estimate and an ADI rank",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "metros",
    "value": 267,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "n_no_pair": {
    "display": "3",
    "estimand": "count of counties with no pair whose ADI difference reaches the minimum",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, native 2010 tracts); ADI 2023 and ACS 2019-2023 on the same tracts",
    "population": "the 20 most populous counties",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 3,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "n_pair_pool": {
    "display": "4,917",
    "estimand": "count of tracts from which the pairs are drawn",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, native 2010 tracts); ADI 2023 and ACS 2019-2023 on the same tracts",
    "population": "tracts of the 20 most populous counties that pass the floors of the rule: boundary unchanged since 2010, not institutional, at least 2,000 residents, a standard error of at most 2.0 years, an ADI rank",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "tracts",
    "value": 4917,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "n_pair_tracts": {
    "display": "13,625",
    "estimand": "count of tracts searched",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, native 2010 tracts); ADI 2023 and ACS 2019-2023 on the same tracts",
    "population": "2020 tracts of the 20 most populous counties with an ACS population above zero and a life expectancy estimate",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "tracts",
    "value": 13625,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "n_pairs": {
    "display": "17",
    "estimand": "count of counties with such a pair (one pair per county)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, native 2010 tracts); ADI 2023 and ACS 2019-2023 on the same tracts",
    "population": "counties among the 20 most populous with a pair that meets the rule",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "pairs of tracts",
    "value": 17,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "n_spread_counties": {
    "display": "30",
    "estimand": "number of most populous counties in the county spread (rule)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, area-weighted onto 2020 tracts); ADI 2023; ACS 2019-2023 population",
    "population": "counties and county equivalents of the 50 states and DC",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 30,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "nyc_borough_mean_range": {
    "display": "4.2",
    "estimand": "largest minus smallest of the five boroughs' population-weighted mean of tract life expectancy",
    "n": 5,
    "nUnit": "boroughs",
    "note": "A spread of five means and a range of tract estimates are not the same kind of contrast.",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, area-weighted onto 2020 tracts); ADI 2023; ACS 2019-2023 population",
    "population": "residents of non-institutional tracts in the five boroughs of New York City (Bronx, Kings, New York, Queens and Richmond counties) that have a life expectancy estimate and an ADI rank",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "years of life expectancy at birth between the highest and the lowest borough mean of tract life expectancy",
    "value": 4.16434,
    "weights": "ACS 2019-2023 tract population"
  },
  "nyc_borough_range_min": {
    "display": "9.3",
    "estimand": "smallest of the five boroughs' population-weighted 95th minus 5th percentile of tract life expectancy (it is Richmond County's), each borough counted once",
    "n": 5,
    "nUnit": "boroughs",
    "note": "The percentiles are of modeled tract estimates, so part of the range is estimation error.",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, area-weighted onto 2020 tracts); ADI 2023; ACS 2019-2023 population",
    "population": "residents of non-institutional tracts in the five boroughs of New York City (Bronx, Kings, New York, Queens and Richmond counties) that have a life expectancy estimate and an ADI rank",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "years of life expectancy at birth between the 5th and 95th percentile of tracts in a borough",
    "value": 9.30601,
    "weights": "none (each borough counts once)"
  },
  "nyc_borough_range_min_net": {
    "display": "6.9",
    "estimand": "smallest of the five boroughs' 5th to 95th percentile range after shrinking the tract estimates toward the borough mean by the square root of one minus the share of the variance that is estimation error (published standard errors, normal approximation), each borough counted once",
    "n": 5,
    "nUnit": "boroughs",
    "note": "The 2020-tract standard errors are mapping grade and understate the noise, so the range net of error is an upper bound.",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, area-weighted onto 2020 tracts); ADI 2023; ACS 2019-2023 population",
    "population": "residents of non-institutional tracts in the five boroughs of New York City (Bronx, Kings, New York, Queens and Richmond counties) that have a life expectancy estimate and an ADI rank",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "years of life expectancy at birth between the 5th and 95th percentile of tracts in a borough, net of estimation error",
    "value": 6.86423,
    "weights": "none (each borough counts once)"
  },
  "nyc_n_gray": {
    "display": "250",
    "estimand": "count of gray tracts on the map: no residents in the ACS, no life expectancy estimate, an institutional population, or no ADI rank",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, area-weighted onto 2020 tracts); ADI 2023; ACS 2019-2023 population",
    "population": "2020 tracts of the five boroughs of New York City (Bronx, Kings, New York, Queens and Richmond counties) that are not in the gradient sample",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "tracts",
    "value": 250,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "nyc_n_shaded": {
    "display": "2,074",
    "estimand": "count of tracts shaded on the New York City map: the tracts of the gradient sample that lie in the five boroughs",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, area-weighted onto 2020 tracts); ADI 2023; ACS 2019-2023 population",
    "population": "non-institutional tracts in the five boroughs of New York City (Bronx, Kings, New York, Queens and Richmond counties) with a life expectancy estimate, an ACS 2019-2023 population above zero and an ADI rank",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "tracts",
    "value": 2074,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "nyc_noise": {
    "display": "37%",
    "estimand": "population-weighted mean squared standard error of the tract estimates over their population-weighted variance (the published errors taken at face value)",
    "n": 2074,
    "nUnit": "tracts",
    "note": "The 2020-tract errors are mapping grade and understate the noise, so the share is a lower bound.",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, area-weighted onto 2020 tracts); ADI 2023; ACS 2019-2023 population",
    "population": "residents of non-institutional tracts in the five boroughs of New York City (Bronx, Kings, New York, Queens and Richmond counties) that have a life expectancy estimate and an ADI rank",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "percent of the variance of tract life expectancy across the five boroughs",
    "value": 36.6591,
    "weights": "ACS 2019-2023 tract population"
  },
  "nyc_se_median": {
    "display": "2.0",
    "estimand": "median over the shaded tracts of the standard error of tract life expectancy, each tract counted once",
    "n": 2074,
    "nUnit": "tracts",
    "note": "The 2020-tract standard errors are mapping grade and understate the error of the area-weighted estimates.",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, area-weighted onto 2020 tracts); ADI 2023; ACS 2019-2023 population",
    "population": "residents of non-institutional tracts in the five boroughs of New York City (Bronx, Kings, New York, Queens and Richmond counties) that have a life expectancy estimate and an ADI rank",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "years of life expectancy",
    "value": 2.0408,
    "weights": "none (each tract counts once)"
  },
  "pair_adi_min": {
    "display": "50",
    "estimand": "smallest difference in ADI between the two tracts for a pair to count (rule)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, native 2010 tracts); ADI 2023 and ACS 2019-2023 on the same tracts",
    "population": "pairs of tracts",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "percentile points of the ADI national percentile",
    "value": 50,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "pair_n_counties": {
    "display": "20",
    "estimand": "number of most populous counties searched for a pair (rule)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, native 2010 tracts); ADI 2023 and ACS 2019-2023 on the same tracts",
    "population": "counties and county equivalents of the 50 states and DC",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 20,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "pair_pop_floor": {
    "display": "2,000",
    "estimand": "smallest ACS 2019-2023 population of a tract that enters a pair (rule)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, native 2010 tracts); ADI 2023 and ACS 2019-2023 on the same tracts",
    "population": "tracts in a pair",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "residents",
    "value": 2000,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "pair_radius": {
    "display": "5",
    "estimand": "largest straight-line distance between the Census internal points of the two tracts (rule)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, native 2010 tracts); ADI 2023 and ACS 2019-2023 on the same tracts",
    "population": "pairs of tracts",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "kilometers",
    "value": 5,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "pair_se_cap": {
    "display": "2.0",
    "estimand": "largest standard error of the USALEEP life expectancy of a tract that enters a pair (rule)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, native 2010 tracts); ADI 2023 and ACS 2019-2023 on the same tracts",
    "population": "tracts in a pair",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "years of life expectancy",
    "value": 2,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "pair_stable_share": {
    "display": "99%",
    "estimand": "smallest share of the land area of the 2010 tract and of the 2020 tract that two tracts with one GEOID must share for the boundary to count as unchanged (rule)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, native 2010 tracts); ADI 2023 and ACS 2019-2023 on the same tracts",
    "population": "tracts present in both the 2010 and the 2020 census",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "percent of land area",
    "value": 99,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "pairs_median_gap": {
    "ci": [
      3,
      6.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "5.4",
    "estimand": "median over the pairs of the difference in life expectancy, each pair counted once; bootstrap interval over pairs",
    "n": 17,
    "nUnit": "pairs of tracts",
    "note": "The two tracts of a pair are chosen on the ADI and not on life expectancy, so the difference is not selected for size.",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, native 2010 tracts); ADI 2023 and ACS 2019-2023 on the same tracts",
    "population": "residents of the tracts of one pair per county: in each of the 20 most populous counties, the two tracts within 5 kilometers of each other with the widest difference in ADI, where that difference is at least 50 percentile points",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "years of life expectancy at birth, less deprived tract minus more deprived tract",
    "value": 5.4,
    "weights": "none (each pair counts once)"
  },
  "pairs_median_km3": {
    "display": "2.7",
    "estimand": "median over pairs of the difference in life expectancy, each pair counted once",
    "n": 17,
    "nUnit": "pairs of tracts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, native 2010 tracts); ADI 2023 and ACS 2019-2023 on the same tracts",
    "population": "pairs chosen by the same rule with 3 kilometers in place of the main setting, in counties where a pair meets the ADI minimum",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "years of life expectancy at birth, less deprived tract minus more deprived tract",
    "value": 2.7,
    "weights": "none (each pair counts once)"
  },
  "pairs_median_km8": {
    "display": "5.1",
    "estimand": "median over pairs of the difference in life expectancy, each pair counted once",
    "n": 18,
    "nUnit": "pairs of tracts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, native 2010 tracts); ADI 2023 and ACS 2019-2023 on the same tracts",
    "population": "pairs chosen by the same rule with 8 kilometers in place of the main setting, in counties where a pair meets the ADI minimum",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "years of life expectancy at birth, less deprived tract minus more deprived tract",
    "value": 5.15,
    "weights": "none (each pair counts once)"
  },
  "pairs_median_pop4000": {
    "display": "5.5",
    "estimand": "median over pairs of the difference in life expectancy, each pair counted once",
    "n": 16,
    "nUnit": "pairs of tracts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, native 2010 tracts); ADI 2023 and ACS 2019-2023 on the same tracts",
    "population": "pairs chosen by the same rule with a population floor of 4,000 in place of the main setting, in counties where a pair meets the ADI minimum",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "years of life expectancy at birth, less deprived tract minus more deprived tract",
    "value": 5.5,
    "weights": "none (each pair counts once)"
  },
  "pairs_median_se15": {
    "display": "4.3",
    "estimand": "median over pairs of the difference in life expectancy, each pair counted once",
    "n": 15,
    "nUnit": "pairs of tracts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, native 2010 tracts); ADI 2023 and ACS 2019-2023 on the same tracts",
    "population": "pairs chosen by the same rule with a standard-error cap of 1.5 years in place of the main setting, in counties where a pair meets the ADI minimum",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "years of life expectancy at birth, less deprived tract minus more deprived tract",
    "value": 4.3,
    "weights": "none (each pair counts once)"
  },
  "pairs_median_se30": {
    "display": "6.2",
    "estimand": "median over pairs of the difference in life expectancy, each pair counted once",
    "n": 17,
    "nUnit": "pairs of tracts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, native 2010 tracts); ADI 2023 and ACS 2019-2023 on the same tracts",
    "population": "pairs chosen by the same rule with a standard-error cap of 3.0 years in place of the main setting, in counties where a pair meets the ADI minimum",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "years of life expectancy at birth, less deprived tract minus more deprived tract",
    "value": 6.2,
    "weights": "none (each pair counts once)"
  },
  "pairs_median_senone": {
    "display": "4.6",
    "estimand": "median over pairs of the difference in life expectancy, each pair counted once",
    "n": 18,
    "nUnit": "pairs of tracts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, native 2010 tracts); ADI 2023 and ACS 2019-2023 on the same tracts",
    "population": "pairs chosen by the same rule with no standard-error cap in place of the main setting, in counties where a pair meets the ADI minimum",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "years of life expectancy at birth, less deprived tract minus more deprived tract",
    "value": 4.6,
    "weights": "none (each pair counts once)"
  },
  "pairs_n_clear": {
    "display": "12",
    "estimand": "count of pairs whose 95% interval for the difference, which treats the two standard errors as independent, lies above zero",
    "n": 17,
    "nUnit": "pairs of tracts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, native 2010 tracts); ADI 2023 and ACS 2019-2023 on the same tracts",
    "population": "residents of the tracts of one pair per county: in each of the 20 most populous counties, the two tracts within 5 kilometers of each other with the widest difference in ADI, where that difference is at least 50 percentile points",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "pairs of tracts",
    "value": 12,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "pairs_n_higher": {
    "display": "15",
    "estimand": "count of pairs in which the less deprived tract has the higher life expectancy estimate",
    "n": 17,
    "nUnit": "pairs of tracts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, native 2010 tracts); ADI 2023 and ACS 2019-2023 on the same tracts",
    "population": "residents of the tracts of one pair per county: in each of the 20 most populous counties, the two tracts within 5 kilometers of each other with the widest difference in ADI, where that difference is at least 50 percentile points",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "pairs of tracts",
    "value": 15,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "pairs_n_se15": {
    "display": "15",
    "estimand": "count of counties with such a pair (one pair per county)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, native 2010 tracts); ADI 2023 and ACS 2019-2023 on the same tracts",
    "population": "pairs chosen by the same rule with a standard-error cap of 1.5 years, in counties where a pair meets the ADI minimum",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "pairs of tracts",
    "value": 15,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "pairs_n_senone": {
    "display": "18",
    "estimand": "count of counties with such a pair (one pair per county)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, native 2010 tracts); ADI 2023 and ACS 2019-2023 on the same tracts",
    "population": "pairs chosen by the same rule with no standard-error cap, in counties where a pair meets the ADI minimum",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "pairs of tracts",
    "value": 18,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "pairs_pop_alt": {
    "display": "4,000",
    "estimand": "larger population floor tried (sensitivity)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, native 2010 tracts); ADI 2023 and ACS 2019-2023 on the same tracts",
    "population": "tracts in a pair",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "residents",
    "value": 4000,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "pairs_radius_km3": {
    "display": "3",
    "estimand": "smaller radius tried (sensitivity)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, native 2010 tracts); ADI 2023 and ACS 2019-2023 on the same tracts",
    "population": "pairs of tracts",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "kilometers",
    "value": 3,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "pairs_radius_km8": {
    "display": "8",
    "estimand": "larger radius tried (sensitivity)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, native 2010 tracts); ADI 2023 and ACS 2019-2023 on the same tracts",
    "population": "pairs of tracts",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "kilometers",
    "value": 8,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "pairs_se_alt_hi": {
    "display": "3.0",
    "estimand": "larger standard-error cap tried (sensitivity)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, native 2010 tracts); ADI 2023 and ACS 2019-2023 on the same tracts",
    "population": "tracts in a pair",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "years of life expectancy",
    "value": 3,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "pairs_se_alt_lo": {
    "display": "1.5",
    "estimand": "smaller standard-error cap tried (sensitivity)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, native 2010 tracts); ADI 2023 and ACS 2019-2023 on the same tracts",
    "population": "tracts in a pair",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "years of life expectancy",
    "value": 1.5,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "pw_adi_hi": {
    "display": "94",
    "estimand": "Area Deprivation Index national percentile of one tract (mean of its block groups' ranks), rounded",
    "n": 1,
    "nUnit": "tracts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, native 2010 tracts); ADI 2023 and ACS 2019-2023 on the same tracts",
    "population": "the more deprived tract of the widest pair",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "ADI national percentile",
    "value": 94.25,
    "weights": "none (one tract)"
  },
  "pw_adi_lo": {
    "display": "24",
    "estimand": "Area Deprivation Index national percentile of one tract (mean of its block groups' ranks), rounded",
    "n": 1,
    "nUnit": "tracts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, native 2010 tracts); ADI 2023 and ACS 2019-2023 on the same tracts",
    "population": "the less deprived tract of the widest pair",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "ADI national percentile",
    "value": 23.6667,
    "weights": "none (one tract)"
  },
  "pw_gap": {
    "ci": [
      7.6,
      17.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "12.4",
    "estimand": "difference between the USALEEP life expectancy of the less deprived and the more deprived tract; 95% interval treats the two standard errors as independent",
    "n": 2,
    "nUnit": "tracts",
    "note": "The widest of the 17 pairs by life expectancy, so its estimate is the likeliest to include noise that raised the gap.",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, native 2010 tracts); ADI 2023 and ACS 2019-2023 on the same tracts",
    "population": "residents of two tracts of Cook County, IL, within 5 kilometers of each other (the pair of that county with the widest ADI difference)",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "years of life expectancy at birth, less deprived tract minus more deprived tract",
    "value": 12.4,
    "weights": "none (two tracts)"
  },
  "pw_km": {
    "display": "5.0",
    "estimand": "straight-line distance between the Census internal points of the two tracts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, native 2010 tracts); ADI 2023 and ACS 2019-2023 on the same tracts",
    "population": "residents of two tracts of Cook County, IL, within 5 kilometers of each other (the pair of that county with the widest ADI difference)",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "kilometers",
    "value": 4.95821,
    "weights": "none (one pair)"
  },
  "pw_le_hi": {
    "ci": [
      62.5,
      69.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "65.8",
    "estimand": "USALEEP life expectancy at birth of one tract (native 2010 tract), 95% interval of 1.96 standard errors",
    "n": 1,
    "nUnit": "tracts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, native 2010 tracts); ADI 2023 and ACS 2019-2023 on the same tracts",
    "population": "residents of the more deprived tract of the pair, Census Tract 4910",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "years of life expectancy at birth",
    "value": 65.8,
    "weights": "none (one tract)"
  },
  "pw_le_lo": {
    "ci": [
      74.7,
      81.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "78.2",
    "estimand": "USALEEP life expectancy at birth of one tract (native 2010 tract), 95% interval of 1.96 standard errors",
    "n": 1,
    "nUnit": "tracts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, native 2010 tracts); ADI 2023 and ACS 2019-2023 on the same tracts",
    "population": "residents of the less deprived tract of the pair, Census Tract 7201",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "years of life expectancy at birth",
    "value": 78.2,
    "weights": "none (one tract)"
  },
  "smk_delta": {
    "ci": [
      13.1,
      14.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "13.7",
    "estimand": "difference between the weighted mean prevalence of the least deprived and the most deprived tenth of tracts by ADI national percentile, bootstrap interval over counties (draws shared by the two means)",
    "n": 8213,
    "nUnit": "tracts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "BRFSS 2022 (PLACES 2024 release); ADI 2023",
    "population": "adults: current cigarette smoking",
    "source": "places",
    "unit": "percentage points of adults, higher in the most deprived tenth of tracts",
    "value": 13.7434,
    "weights": "adult population of the tract (PLACES)"
  },
  "smk_hi": {
    "ci": [
      22.5,
      23.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "22.8%",
    "estimand": "weighted mean of the tract prevalence in a tenth of tracts (rank bins of the ADI; tracts with tied ranks fall in the same tenth), bootstrap interval over counties",
    "n": 8213,
    "nUnit": "tracts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "BRFSS 2022 (PLACES 2024 release); ADI 2023",
    "population": "adults in the most deprived tenth of tracts by ADI national percentile: current cigarette smoking",
    "source": "places",
    "unit": "percent of adults",
    "value": 22.8079,
    "weights": "adult population of the tract (PLACES)"
  },
  "smk_lo": {
    "ci": [
      8.5,
      9.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "9.1%",
    "estimand": "weighted mean of the tract prevalence in a tenth of tracts (rank bins of the ADI; tracts with tied ranks fall in the same tenth), bootstrap interval over counties",
    "n": 8274,
    "nUnit": "tracts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "BRFSS 2022 (PLACES 2024 release); ADI 2023",
    "population": "adults in the least deprived tenth of tracts by ADI national percentile: current cigarette smoking",
    "source": "places",
    "unit": "percent of adults",
    "value": 9.06454,
    "weights": "adult population of the tract (PLACES)"
  },
  "spread_median": {
    "display": "10.5",
    "estimand": "median over counties of the population-weighted 95th minus 5th percentile of tract life expectancy, each county counted once",
    "n": 30,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "The percentiles are of modeled tract estimates, so part of the range is estimation error.",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, area-weighted onto 2020 tracts); ADI 2023; ACS 2019-2023 population",
    "population": "residents of the 30 most populous counties and Connecticut planning regions",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "years of life expectancy at birth between the 5th and 95th percentile of tracts",
    "value": 10.4988,
    "weights": "none (each county counts once)"
  },
  "spread_median_15": {
    "display": "10.5",
    "estimand": "median over counties of the population-weighted 95th minus 5th percentile of tract life expectancy, each county counted once",
    "n": 15,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, area-weighted onto 2020 tracts); ADI 2023; ACS 2019-2023 population",
    "population": "residents of the 15 most populous counties and Connecticut planning regions",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "years of life expectancy at birth between the 5th and 95th percentile of tracts",
    "value": 10.4988,
    "weights": "none (each county counts once)"
  },
  "spread_median_60": {
    "display": "10.5",
    "estimand": "median over counties of the population-weighted 95th minus 5th percentile of tract life expectancy, each county counted once",
    "n": 60,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, area-weighted onto 2020 tracts); ADI 2023; ACS 2019-2023 population",
    "population": "residents of the 60 most populous counties and Connecticut planning regions",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "years of life expectancy at birth between the 5th and 95th percentile of tracts",
    "value": 10.5151,
    "weights": "none (each county counts once)"
  },
  "spread_median_net": {
    "display": "7.7",
    "estimand": "median over counties of the 5th to 95th percentile range after shrinking the tract estimates toward the county mean by the square root of one minus the share of the variance that is estimation error (published standard errors, normal approximation)",
    "n": 30,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "The 2020-tract standard errors are mapping grade and understate the noise, so the range net of error is an upper bound.",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, area-weighted onto 2020 tracts); ADI 2023; ACS 2019-2023 population",
    "population": "residents of the 30 most populous counties and Connecticut planning regions",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "years of life expectancy at birth between the 5th and 95th percentile of tracts, net of estimation error",
    "value": 7.678,
    "weights": "none (each county counts once)"
  },
  "spread_n_15": {
    "display": "15",
    "estimand": "smaller or larger number of counties tried (sensitivity)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, area-weighted onto 2020 tracts); ADI 2023; ACS 2019-2023 population",
    "population": "counties and county equivalents of the 50 states and DC",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 15,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "spread_n_60": {
    "display": "60",
    "estimand": "smaller or larger number of counties tried (sensitivity)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, area-weighted onto 2020 tracts); ADI 2023; ACS 2019-2023 population",
    "population": "counties and county equivalents of the 50 states and DC",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 60,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "spread_noise_median": {
    "display": "43%",
    "estimand": "median over counties of the mean squared standard error of tract life expectancy over the population-weighted variance of tract life expectancy in the county",
    "n": 30,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, area-weighted onto 2020 tracts); ADI 2023; ACS 2019-2023 population",
    "population": "residents of the 30 most populous counties and Connecticut planning regions",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "percent of the variance of tract life expectancy within the county",
    "value": 43.1752,
    "weights": "none (each county counts once)"
  },
  "spread_widest": {
    "display": "13.9",
    "estimand": "population-weighted 95th minus 5th percentile of tract life expectancy in the county with the widest range among the 30 most populous",
    "n": 1221,
    "nUnit": "tracts",
    "note": "Includes estimation error.",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, area-weighted onto 2020 tracts); ADI 2023; ACS 2019-2023 population",
    "population": "residents of Cook County, IL",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "years of life expectancy at birth between the 5th and 95th percentile of tracts",
    "value": 13.8756,
    "weights": "ACS 2019-2023 tract population"
  },
  "st_min_tracts": {
    "display": "20",
    "estimand": "definition: the fewest tracts a state's tenth needs for an estimate",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, area-weighted onto 2020 tracts); ADI 2023; ACS 2019-2023 population",
    "population": "a state's tenth of tracts",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "tracts",
    "value": 20,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "st_span": {
    "display": "4",
    "estimand": "definition: the fewest national tenths, first to last, a state's estimated tenths must span to be counted",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, area-weighted onto 2020 tracts); ADI 2023; ACS 2019-2023 population",
    "population": "a state's tracts",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "national tenths",
    "value": 4,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "st_with_span": {
    "display": "49",
    "estimand": "count of states (50 and DC) meeting the stated rule, from population-weighted tract means by national ADI tenth",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, area-weighted onto 2020 tracts); ADI 2023; ACS 2019-2023 population",
    "population": "states whose estimated national ADI tenths of tracts run at least 3 tenths apart",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "states",
    "value": 49,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "tenth_max": {
    "display": "8,031",
    "estimand": "largest count of tracts in a tenth of the gradient by ADI national percentile (tracts with tied ranks fall in the same tenth)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, area-weighted onto 2020 tracts); ADI 2023; ACS 2019-2023 population",
    "population": "residents of non-institutional tracts in the 50 states and DC with a life expectancy estimate and an ADI rank",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "tracts",
    "value": 8031,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "tenth_min": {
    "display": "7,613",
    "estimand": "smallest count of tracts in a tenth of the gradient by ADI national percentile (tracts with tied ranks fall in the same tenth)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, area-weighted onto 2020 tracts); ADI 2023; ACS 2019-2023 population",
    "population": "residents of non-institutional tracts in the 50 states and DC with a life expectancy estimate and an ADI rank",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "tracts",
    "value": 7613,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "tract_se_median": {
    "display": "1.7",
    "estimand": "median over tracts of the standard error of tract life expectancy, each tract counted once",
    "n": 77936,
    "nUnit": "tracts",
    "note": "The 2020-tract standard errors are mapping grade and understate the error of the area-weighted estimates.",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, area-weighted onto 2020 tracts); ADI 2023; ACS 2019-2023 population",
    "population": "residents of non-institutional tracts in the 50 states and DC with a life expectancy estimate and an ADI rank",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "years of life expectancy",
    "value": 1.69071,
    "weights": "none (each tract counts once)"
  },
  "us_checkup": {
    "ci": [
      75.1,
      76
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "75.6%",
    "estimand": "weighted mean of the tract prevalence over all the tracts of the tenths pooled, bootstrap interval over counties (the draws of the tenths)",
    "n": 82781,
    "nUnit": "tracts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "BRFSS 2022 (PLACES 2024 release); ADI 2023",
    "population": "adults in all tracts with an ADI rank: routine checkup in the past year",
    "source": "places",
    "unit": "percent of adults",
    "value": 75.5763,
    "weights": "adult population of the tract (PLACES)"
  },
  "us_le": {
    "ci": [
      78.6,
      79
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "78.8",
    "estimand": "population-weighted mean of tract life expectancy over all the tracts of the tenths pooled, bootstrap interval over counties (the draws of the tenths)",
    "n": 77936,
    "nUnit": "tracts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, area-weighted onto 2020 tracts); ADI 2023; ACS 2019-2023 population",
    "population": "residents of all the tracts in the comparison: non-institutional tracts in the 50 states and DC with a life expectancy estimate and an ADI rank",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "years of life expectancy at birth",
    "value": 78.7701,
    "weights": "ACS 2019-2023 tract population"
  },
  "us_smoking": {
    "ci": [
      14.2,
      14.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "14.5%",
    "estimand": "weighted mean of the tract prevalence over all the tracts of the tenths pooled, bootstrap interval over counties (the draws of the tenths)",
    "n": 82781,
    "nUnit": "tracts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "BRFSS 2022 (PLACES 2024 release); ADI 2023",
    "population": "adults in all tracts with an ADI rank: current cigarette smoking",
    "source": "places",
    "unit": "percent of adults",
    "value": 14.4996,
    "weights": "adult population of the tract (PLACES)"
  },
  "vsplit_county": {
    "display": "15.9",
    "estimand": "share of the population-weighted variance of tract life expectancy at birth between counties within states (sum-of-squares decomposition)",
    "n": 78008,
    "nUnit": "tracts",
    "note": "Connecticut's nine planning regions stand in for its counties. The tract estimates are modeled; their mean squared standard error equals 26.7 percent of the total variance and sits inside the within-county share.",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, area-weighted onto 2020 tracts)",
    "population": "residents of non-institutional tracts with a life expectancy estimate (50 states and DC)",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "percent of the variance of tract life expectancy",
    "value": 15.9192,
    "weights": "ACS 2019-2023 tract population"
  },
  "vsplit_n_counties": {
    "display": "3,112",
    "estimand": "count of counties with at least one tract in the variance split",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, area-weighted onto 2020 tracts)",
    "population": "residents of non-institutional tracts with a life expectancy estimate (50 states and DC)",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "counties and Connecticut planning regions",
    "value": 3112,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "vsplit_n_tracts": {
    "display": "78,008",
    "estimand": "count of tracts in the variance split",
    "note": "",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, area-weighted onto 2020 tracts)",
    "population": "residents of non-institutional tracts with a life expectancy estimate (50 states and DC)",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "tracts",
    "value": 78008,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "vsplit_noise": {
    "display": "26.7",
    "estimand": "population-weighted mean squared standard error of tract life expectancy as a share of the total variance",
    "n": 78008,
    "nUnit": "tracts",
    "note": "The 2020-tract standard errors are mapping grade and understate the error.",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, area-weighted onto 2020 tracts)",
    "population": "residents of non-institutional tracts with a life expectancy estimate (50 states and DC)",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "percent of the variance of tract life expectancy",
    "value": 26.712,
    "weights": "ACS 2019-2023 tract population"
  },
  "vsplit_noise_within": {
    "display": "38%",
    "estimand": "mean squared standard error of tract life expectancy over the within-county part of the variance (the canonical noise share over the canonical within-county share), taking the published errors at face value",
    "n": 78008,
    "nUnit": "tracts",
    "note": "The same denominator as the county shares of estimation error in the county spread figure.",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, area-weighted onto 2020 tracts)",
    "population": "residents of non-institutional tracts with a life expectancy estimate (50 states and DC)",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "percent of the within-county variance of tract life expectancy",
    "value": 37.9785,
    "weights": "ACS 2019-2023 tract population"
  },
  "vsplit_state": {
    "display": "13.7",
    "estimand": "share of the population-weighted variance of tract life expectancy at birth between states (sum-of-squares decomposition)",
    "n": 78008,
    "nUnit": "tracts",
    "note": "Connecticut's nine planning regions stand in for its counties. The tract estimates are modeled; their mean squared standard error equals 26.7 percent of the total variance and sits inside the within-county share.",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, area-weighted onto 2020 tracts)",
    "population": "residents of non-institutional tracts with a life expectancy estimate (50 states and DC)",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "percent of the variance of tract life expectancy",
    "value": 13.7462,
    "weights": "ACS 2019-2023 tract population"
  },
  "vsplit_within": {
    "display": "70.3",
    "estimand": "share of the population-weighted variance of tract life expectancy at birth between tracts within counties (sum-of-squares decomposition)",
    "n": 78008,
    "nUnit": "tracts",
    "note": "Connecticut's nine planning regions stand in for its counties. The tract estimates are modeled; their mean squared standard error equals 26.7 percent of the total variance and sits inside the within-county share.",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, area-weighted onto 2020 tracts)",
    "population": "residents of non-institutional tracts with a life expectancy estimate (50 states and DC)",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "percent of the variance of tract life expectancy",
    "value": 70.3346,
    "weights": "ACS 2019-2023 tract population"
  },
  "vsplit_within_signal": {
    "display": "60%",
    "estimand": "within-county share of the variance of tract life expectancy after subtracting the mean squared standard error from the total and from the within-county part",
    "n": 78008,
    "nUnit": "tracts",
    "note": "Takes the published standard errors at face value; the 2020-tract errors are mapping grade and understate the noise, so the share of the true differences that lies within counties is lower.",
    "period": "deaths in 2010 to 2015 (USALEEP, area-weighted onto 2020 tracts)",
    "population": "residents of non-institutional tracts with a life expectancy estimate (50 states and DC)",
    "source": "usaleep",
    "unit": "percent of the variance net of estimation error",
    "value": 59.5222,
    "weights": "ACS 2019-2023 tract population"
  }
}