{
  "alt": "Dumbbell chart with three rows, each joining a dot for non-Hispanic white applicants to a dot for another applicant group in the same tracts. In every row the group's dot is to the right of the white dot, farthest apart for Black applicants, then Hispanic applicants, then Asian applicants.",
  "caption": "The group's dot lies to the right of the white dot in every row, and the gap is {fact:gap_black} percentage points for Black applicants, {fact:gap_hispanic} for Hispanic applicants and {fact:gap_asian} for Asian applicants. Each row pools the applications of the group and of white applicants over the tracts that hold both cells, so the white dot differs across rows. The 95% interval comes from a bootstrap over counties.",
  "data": [
    {
      "group": "Non-Hispanic Black applicants",
      "hi": 16.77,
      "lo": 15.67,
      "rate": 16.2,
      "tracts": 5657,
      "white": 6.23,
      "white_hi": 6.5,
      "white_lo": 5.96
    },
    {
      "group": "Hispanic (any race) applicants",
      "hi": 13.53,
      "lo": 12.17,
      "rate": 12.83,
      "tracts": 10189,
      "white": 6.47,
      "white_hi": 6.77,
      "white_lo": 6.19
    },
    {
      "group": "Non-Hispanic Asian applicants",
      "hi": 9.37,
      "lo": 8.5,
      "rate": 8.91,
      "tracts": 5490,
      "white": 5.7,
      "white_hi": 5.99,
      "white_lo": 5.42
    }
  ],
  "id": "same_tract_gaps",
  "notes": [
    "The same tract holds the neighborhood fixed, not the applicant. The tract file has no credit score, debt-to-income ratio, loan-to-value ratio, loan type or lender for each applicant, so a gap here is not evidence of discrimination by itself and the data cannot say how much of it these items account for.",
    "The tracts that hold both cells are {fact:share_shared_black} of all tracts for Black applicants. The tracts differ by row ({fact:n_shared_black} for Black applicants, {fact:n_shared_hispanic} for Hispanic applicants and {fact:n_shared_asian} for Asian applicants), because a cell exists only where a group has 10 or more applications. Over each group's own tracts the Black gap is {fact:gap_black_own} points."
  ],
  "source": "HMDA Loan/Application Register, 2024, tract totals of decided applications; Area Deprivation Index, 2023; full counts, pooled rates",
  "spec": {
    "deltaLabel": "Gap, group minus white (percentage points)",
    "hi1": "white_hi",
    "hi2": "hi",
    "label1": "Non-Hispanic white applicants in the same tracts",
    "label2": "Applicants of the group in the row",
    "lo1": "white_lo",
    "lo2": "lo",
    "n1": "tracts",
    "n2": "tracts",
    "sort": "change-desc",
    "x1": "white",
    "x2": "rate",
    "xDomain": [
      0,
      20
    ],
    "xFormat": {
      "digits": 1
    },
    "xLabel": "Denied share of decided applications (%)",
    "y": "group"
  },
  "subtitle": "Denied share of decided home-purchase applications, 2024, for each applicant group and for non-Hispanic white applicants in the same tracts, tracts where both cells are published",
  "title": "In the tracts that hold both groups, Black applicants were denied {fact:same_black} of the time and white applicants {fact:same_white_vs_black}",
  "type": "dumbbell",
  "width": "wide"
}