{
  "alt": "Line chart with four lines over ten tenths of tract deprivation. The lines for non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic applicants lie above the line for non-Hispanic white applicants in every tenth drawn, and the Asian line lies above it in the first eight tenths. The white line dips in the middle tenths and rises at both ends. The Black line starts at the second tenth and the Asian line stops at the eighth.",
  "caption": "The lines for Black and Hispanic applicants lie above the line for white applicants in every tenth drawn, and the white line dips in the middle tenths and rises at both ends. Each line pools the denied and decided applications of one group over the tracts where its cell is published, with 95% intervals from a bootstrap over counties.",
  "data": [
    {
      "conf_high": 7.47,
      "conf_low": 6.01,
      "estimate": 6.72,
      "series": "Non-Hispanic white",
      "tenth": 1,
      "tracts": 4805
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 5.85,
      "conf_low": 5.24,
      "estimate": 5.53,
      "series": "Non-Hispanic white",
      "tenth": 2,
      "tracts": 5356
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 5.65,
      "conf_low": 5.17,
      "estimate": 5.41,
      "series": "Non-Hispanic white",
      "tenth": 3,
      "tracts": 5868
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 5.79,
      "conf_low": 5.34,
      "estimate": 5.56,
      "series": "Non-Hispanic white",
      "tenth": 4,
      "tracts": 6305
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 5.86,
      "conf_low": 5.42,
      "estimate": 5.64,
      "series": "Non-Hispanic white",
      "tenth": 5,
      "tracts": 6150
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 6.51,
      "conf_low": 6.03,
      "estimate": 6.28,
      "series": "Non-Hispanic white",
      "tenth": 6,
      "tracts": 6079
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 6.9,
      "conf_low": 6.49,
      "estimate": 6.69,
      "series": "Non-Hispanic white",
      "tenth": 7,
      "tracts": 6079
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 7.5,
      "conf_low": 7.08,
      "estimate": 7.29,
      "series": "Non-Hispanic white",
      "tenth": 8,
      "tracts": 5995
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 8.55,
      "conf_low": 8.08,
      "estimate": 8.31,
      "series": "Non-Hispanic white",
      "tenth": 9,
      "tracts": 5763
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 10.77,
      "conf_low": 10.1,
      "estimate": 10.43,
      "series": "Non-Hispanic white",
      "tenth": 10,
      "tracts": 4227
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 16.8,
      "conf_low": 13.85,
      "estimate": 15.46,
      "series": "Non-Hispanic Black",
      "tenth": 2,
      "tracts": 439
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 15.56,
      "conf_low": 13.77,
      "estimate": 14.64,
      "series": "Non-Hispanic Black",
      "tenth": 3,
      "tracts": 633
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 16.86,
      "conf_low": 14.74,
      "estimate": 15.8,
      "series": "Non-Hispanic Black",
      "tenth": 4,
      "tracts": 910
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 17.34,
      "conf_low": 15.54,
      "estimate": 16.45,
      "series": "Non-Hispanic Black",
      "tenth": 5,
      "tracts": 1022
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 18.32,
      "conf_low": 15.95,
      "estimate": 17.18,
      "series": "Non-Hispanic Black",
      "tenth": 6,
      "tracts": 1099
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 18.03,
      "conf_low": 15.91,
      "estimate": 16.97,
      "series": "Non-Hispanic Black",
      "tenth": 7,
      "tracts": 1075
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 18.6,
      "conf_low": 16.31,
      "estimate": 17.44,
      "series": "Non-Hispanic Black",
      "tenth": 8,
      "tracts": 973
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 19.54,
      "conf_low": 17.2,
      "estimate": 18.38,
      "series": "Non-Hispanic Black",
      "tenth": 9,
      "tracts": 902
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 21.58,
      "conf_low": 19.02,
      "estimate": 20.3,
      "series": "Non-Hispanic Black",
      "tenth": 10,
      "tracts": 1081
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 14.04,
      "conf_low": 10.71,
      "estimate": 12.35,
      "series": "Hispanic (any race)",
      "tenth": 1,
      "tracts": 389
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 13.35,
      "conf_low": 10.85,
      "estimate": 12.01,
      "series": "Hispanic (any race)",
      "tenth": 2,
      "tracts": 1376
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 12.59,
      "conf_low": 11.07,
      "estimate": 11.85,
      "series": "Hispanic (any race)",
      "tenth": 3,
      "tracts": 1847
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 13.28,
      "conf_low": 11.39,
      "estimate": 12.31,
      "series": "Hispanic (any race)",
      "tenth": 4,
      "tracts": 2307
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 14.32,
      "conf_low": 12.51,
      "estimate": 13.46,
      "series": "Hispanic (any race)",
      "tenth": 5,
      "tracts": 2242
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 14.49,
      "conf_low": 12.39,
      "estimate": 13.43,
      "series": "Hispanic (any race)",
      "tenth": 6,
      "tracts": 2143
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 14.89,
      "conf_low": 12.78,
      "estimate": 13.83,
      "series": "Hispanic (any race)",
      "tenth": 7,
      "tracts": 1874
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 15.46,
      "conf_low": 13.05,
      "estimate": 14.21,
      "series": "Hispanic (any race)",
      "tenth": 8,
      "tracts": 1536
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 15.24,
      "conf_low": 12.83,
      "estimate": 14,
      "series": "Hispanic (any race)",
      "tenth": 9,
      "tracts": 1285
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 15.74,
      "conf_low": 12.86,
      "estimate": 14.18,
      "series": "Hispanic (any race)",
      "tenth": 10,
      "tracts": 1045
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 8.74,
      "conf_low": 7.25,
      "estimate": 7.84,
      "series": "Non-Hispanic Asian",
      "tenth": 1,
      "tracts": 2241
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 9.19,
      "conf_low": 7.98,
      "estimate": 8.51,
      "series": "Non-Hispanic Asian",
      "tenth": 2,
      "tracts": 1661
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 9.69,
      "conf_low": 8.02,
      "estimate": 8.85,
      "series": "Non-Hispanic Asian",
      "tenth": 3,
      "tracts": 1243
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 10.36,
      "conf_low": 8.83,
      "estimate": 9.55,
      "series": "Non-Hispanic Asian",
      "tenth": 4,
      "tracts": 938
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 11.42,
      "conf_low": 9.05,
      "estimate": 10.17,
      "series": "Non-Hispanic Asian",
      "tenth": 5,
      "tracts": 626
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 11.64,
      "conf_low": 9.1,
      "estimate": 10.4,
      "series": "Non-Hispanic Asian",
      "tenth": 6,
      "tracts": 394
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 14.02,
      "conf_low": 10.09,
      "estimate": 11.92,
      "series": "Non-Hispanic Asian",
      "tenth": 7,
      "tracts": 237
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 14.47,
      "conf_low": 11.01,
      "estimate": 12.85,
      "series": "Non-Hispanic Asian",
      "tenth": 8,
      "tracts": 103
    }
  ],
  "id": "denial_by_group_and_deprivation",
  "notes": [
    "Groups are the applicant's reported ethnicity and race as HMDA derives them: non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic of any race and non-Hispanic Asian. Other and unreported applicants count in the all-applicant rate only, so the four groups do not add to it.",
    "A group's cell is published only in tracts with {fact:suppress_floor} or more of its applications, so each line covers a different set of tracts, and the sets for Black, Hispanic and Asian applicants are smaller than the set for white applicants. A point is drawn when it rests on at least {fact:min_point_tracts} tracts; the Black line starts at the second tenth and the Asian line stops at the eighth."
  ],
  "source": "HMDA Loan/Application Register, 2024, tract totals of decided applications; Area Deprivation Index, 2023; full counts, pooled rates",
  "spec": {
    "colors": {
      "Hispanic (any race)": "hispanic",
      "Non-Hispanic Asian": "asian",
      "Non-Hispanic Black": "black",
      "Non-Hispanic white": "white"
    },
    "hi": "conf_high",
    "lo": "conf_low",
    "n": "tracts",
    "series": "series",
    "x": "tenth",
    "xDomain": [
      1,
      10
    ],
    "xLabel": "Tenth of tracts by Area Deprivation Index (1 = least deprived, 10 = most deprived)",
    "xTicks": "data",
    "y": "estimate",
    "yDomain": [
      0,
      25
    ],
    "yLabel": "Denied share of decided applications (%)"
  },
  "subtitle": "Denied share of decided home-purchase applications, 2024, by applicant group and tenth of tracts on the Area Deprivation Index (1 = least deprived), points on at least {fact:min_point_tracts} tracts",
  "title": "In every tenth of tracts with enough applications, Black and Hispanic applicants were denied more often than white applicants",
  "type": "line",
  "width": "wide"
}