{
  "alt": "Dumbbell chart with one row per age group showing the difference between women's and men's frequent mental distress in two periods. All gaps are positive in both periods. The gap for adults {fact:band_young} grows the most and is the largest in 2022 to 2024, while the gaps for older groups move less.",
  "caption": "Every dumbbell sits to the right of zero in both periods, and the youngest group moves farthest to the right. The open dot is the 2014 to 2016 gap and the filled dot the 2022 to 2024 gap, each with a 95% interval that accounts for women and men sharing one survey design; the last column is the change in the gap.",
  "data": [
    {
      "age_group": "18 to 24",
      "change": 5.33,
      "change_high": 6.65,
      "change_low": 4,
      "gap_early": 5.51,
      "gap_early_high": 6.33,
      "gap_early_low": 4.69,
      "gap_late": 10.84,
      "gap_late_high": 11.88,
      "gap_late_low": 9.8,
      "men_early": 10.6,
      "men_late": 18.1,
      "n_early": 72079,
      "n_late": 79822,
      "women_early": 16.2,
      "women_late": 29
    },
    {
      "age_group": "25 to 34",
      "change": 2.73,
      "change_high": 3.73,
      "change_low": 1.73,
      "gap_early": 3.38,
      "gap_early_high": 4,
      "gap_early_low": 2.76,
      "gap_late": 6.11,
      "gap_late_high": 6.9,
      "gap_late_low": 5.32,
      "men_early": 10.9,
      "men_late": 17.4,
      "n_early": 129987,
      "n_late": 138403,
      "women_early": 14.3,
      "women_late": 23.5
    },
    {
      "age_group": "35 to 49",
      "change": 0.83,
      "change_high": 1.6,
      "change_low": 0.07,
      "gap_early": 4.27,
      "gap_early_high": 4.75,
      "gap_early_low": 3.79,
      "gap_late": 5.1,
      "gap_late_high": 5.69,
      "gap_late_low": 4.5,
      "men_early": 10.2,
      "men_late": 14.2,
      "n_early": 246657,
      "n_late": 249252,
      "women_early": 14.4,
      "women_late": 19.3
    },
    {
      "age_group": "50 to 64",
      "change": 1.04,
      "change_high": 1.71,
      "change_low": 0.38,
      "gap_early": 4.19,
      "gap_early_high": 4.59,
      "gap_early_low": 3.78,
      "gap_late": 5.23,
      "gap_late_high": 5.75,
      "gap_late_low": 4.71,
      "men_early": 10.3,
      "men_late": 11.3,
      "n_early": 414725,
      "n_late": 319838,
      "women_early": 14.5,
      "women_late": 16.6
    },
    {
      "age_group": "65 to 74",
      "change": 1.22,
      "change_high": 1.92,
      "change_low": 0.52,
      "gap_early": 2.59,
      "gap_early_high": 3.03,
      "gap_early_low": 2.15,
      "gap_late": 3.81,
      "gap_late_high": 4.36,
      "gap_late_low": 3.27,
      "men_early": 6.6,
      "men_late": 7.7,
      "n_early": 269158,
      "n_late": 263427,
      "women_early": 9.2,
      "women_late": 11.5
    },
    {
      "age_group": "75 and older",
      "change": 0.54,
      "change_high": 1.3,
      "change_low": -0.22,
      "gap_early": 1.73,
      "gap_early_high": 2.24,
      "gap_early_low": 1.22,
      "gap_late": 2.26,
      "gap_late_high": 2.83,
      "gap_late_low": 1.7,
      "men_early": 5.6,
      "men_late": 6.5,
      "n_early": 195599,
      "n_late": 211973,
      "women_early": 7.3,
      "women_late": 8.7
    }
  ],
  "id": "sex_gap_by_age",
  "notes": [
    "The rates behind each gap, and the change in the gap with its interval, are in the data table. The two periods are different survey years, so the change in the gap combines two independent estimates.",
    "The survey's sex item changed over the period: in the early questionnaires sex could be filled in at screening or recorded by the interviewer, later questionnaires ask whether the respondent is male or female at screening, and the latest add a question on sex at birth. The groups are labeled women and men as the survey codes them, so the change in a gap compares groups defined slightly differently."
  ],
  "source": "CDC BRFSS, 2014-2016 and 2022-2024, adults in the 50 states and DC; weighted (BRFSS final weight), design-based intervals",
  "spec": {
    "deltaLabel": "Change in the gap (points)",
    "hi1": "gap_early_high",
    "hi2": "gap_late_high",
    "label1": "2014 to 2016",
    "label2": "2022 to 2024",
    "lo1": "gap_early_low",
    "lo2": "gap_late_low",
    "n1": "n_early",
    "n2": "n_late",
    "reference": 0,
    "referenceLabel": "No difference",
    "sort": "data",
    "x1": "gap_early",
    "x2": "gap_late",
    "xDomain": [
      0,
      13
    ],
    "xFormat": {
      "digits": 1
    },
    "xLabel": "Women's rate minus men's rate (percentage points)",
    "y": "age_group"
  },
  "subtitle": "Rate for women minus rate for men, percentage points, by age group, 2014 to 2016 and 2022 to 2024, 50 states and DC",
  "table": {
    "columns": [
      {
        "key": "age_group",
        "label": "Age group"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "women_early",
        "label": "Women, 2014 to 2016 (%)"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "men_early",
        "label": "Men, 2014 to 2016 (%)"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "gap_early",
        "label": "Gap, 2014 to 2016 (points)"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "women_late",
        "label": "Women, 2022 to 2024 (%)"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "men_late",
        "label": "Men, 2022 to 2024 (%)"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "gap_late",
        "label": "Gap, 2022 to 2024 (points)"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "change",
        "label": "Change in the gap (points)"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "change_low",
        "label": "Change, lower limit"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "change_high",
        "label": "Change, upper limit"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "thousands": true
        },
        "key": "n_early",
        "label": "Respondents, 2014 to 2016"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "thousands": true
        },
        "key": "n_late",
        "label": "Respondents, 2022 to 2024"
      }
    ]
  },
  "title": "Women reported frequent distress more often than men in every age group, and the gap among adults {fact:band_young} rose from {fact:sex_gap_young_early} to {fact:sex_gap_young_late} points",
  "type": "dumbbell"
}