{
  "alt": "A figure with two tabs. The first is a line chart of the ladder score by income bracket for three bands of county deprivation, with the three lines almost identical. The second is a line chart of the share reporting pain, falling steeply with income in all three bands, with the most deprived band highest.",
  "caption": "The first tab compares the ladder score across brackets and county bands, and the second does the same for physical pain. Respondents in the same bracket sit at nearly the same ladder score in any band of counties, while pain separates the bands in the poorest bracket.",
  "data": [],
  "id": "income_within_places",
  "notes": [
    "Gallup's extract has no survey weights, so every estimate is unweighted and levels can differ from the weighted figures Gallup publishes. County comes from the respondent's ZIP code and is approximate near county lines. The ladder is the evaluative measure and the feelings are experiential measures; they are never combined into one index.",
    "Bands cut the deprivation deciles into the least deprived three, the middle four and the most deprived three tenths of interviews by county Area Deprivation Index. The slopes are coefficients of the ladder score on the bracket number (1 to 6) with errors clustered on county; the second has county fixed effects. Brackets are not equal in dollar width."
  ],
  "source": "Gallup U.S. Daily, ladder 2009-2017 and feelings 2008-2017; unweighted, intervals clustered by county; Area Deprivation Index 2023 and ACS 2019-2023 tract population joined on the respondent's county or ZIP code",
  "spec": {
    "panels": [
      {
        "figure": {
          "alt": "Line chart of the ladder score across six household income brackets for three bands of county deprivation. The three lines are nearly identical, rising from about the same low point in the poorest bracket to about the same high point in the richest.",
          "caption": "The three lines run almost on top of one another and rise together with income; the income gradient does not depend on how deprived the county is. Each point is an unweighted mean with a 95% interval clustered by county.",
          "data": [
            {
              "bracket": 1,
              "conf_high": 6.369,
              "conf_low": 6.295,
              "estimate": 6.332,
              "n": 86715,
              "n_units": 237,
              "place": "Least deprived three tenths of counties"
            },
            {
              "bracket": 2,
              "conf_high": 6.718,
              "conf_low": 6.668,
              "estimate": 6.693,
              "n": 58576,
              "n_units": 236,
              "place": "Least deprived three tenths of counties"
            },
            {
              "bracket": 3,
              "conf_high": 6.924,
              "conf_low": 6.883,
              "estimate": 6.904,
              "n": 54352,
              "n_units": 238,
              "place": "Least deprived three tenths of counties"
            },
            {
              "bracket": 4,
              "conf_high": 7.082,
              "conf_low": 7.033,
              "estimate": 7.058,
              "n": 54434,
              "n_units": 236,
              "place": "Least deprived three tenths of counties"
            },
            {
              "bracket": 5,
              "conf_high": 7.26,
              "conf_low": 7.212,
              "estimate": 7.236,
              "n": 105652,
              "n_units": 238,
              "place": "Least deprived three tenths of counties"
            },
            {
              "bracket": 6,
              "conf_high": 7.6,
              "conf_low": 7.567,
              "estimate": 7.583,
              "n": 183790,
              "n_units": 237,
              "place": "Least deprived three tenths of counties"
            },
            {
              "bracket": 1,
              "conf_high": 6.312,
              "conf_low": 6.259,
              "estimate": 6.286,
              "n": 139826,
              "n_units": 763,
              "place": "Middle four tenths"
            },
            {
              "bracket": 2,
              "conf_high": 6.722,
              "conf_low": 6.685,
              "estimate": 6.703,
              "n": 95714,
              "n_units": 763,
              "place": "Middle four tenths"
            },
            {
              "bracket": 3,
              "conf_high": 6.95,
              "conf_low": 6.912,
              "estimate": 6.931,
              "n": 85958,
              "n_units": 761,
              "place": "Middle four tenths"
            },
            {
              "bracket": 4,
              "conf_high": 7.14,
              "conf_low": 7.099,
              "estimate": 7.119,
              "n": 80130,
              "n_units": 760,
              "place": "Middle four tenths"
            },
            {
              "bracket": 5,
              "conf_high": 7.322,
              "conf_low": 7.289,
              "estimate": 7.305,
              "n": 137439,
              "n_units": 763,
              "place": "Middle four tenths"
            },
            {
              "bracket": 6,
              "conf_high": 7.629,
              "conf_low": 7.6,
              "estimate": 7.614,
              "n": 178686,
              "n_units": 763,
              "place": "Middle four tenths"
            },
            {
              "bracket": 1,
              "conf_high": 6.261,
              "conf_low": 6.218,
              "estimate": 6.24,
              "n": 147372,
              "n_units": 2109,
              "place": "Most deprived three tenths"
            },
            {
              "bracket": 2,
              "conf_high": 6.723,
              "conf_low": 6.691,
              "estimate": 6.707,
              "n": 86910,
              "n_units": 2104,
              "place": "Most deprived three tenths"
            },
            {
              "bracket": 3,
              "conf_high": 6.986,
              "conf_low": 6.954,
              "estimate": 6.97,
              "n": 69541,
              "n_units": 2092,
              "place": "Most deprived three tenths"
            },
            {
              "bracket": 4,
              "conf_high": 7.189,
              "conf_low": 7.154,
              "estimate": 7.172,
              "n": 60226,
              "n_units": 2078,
              "place": "Most deprived three tenths"
            },
            {
              "bracket": 5,
              "conf_high": 7.37,
              "conf_low": 7.344,
              "estimate": 7.357,
              "n": 90515,
              "n_units": 2097,
              "place": "Most deprived three tenths"
            },
            {
              "bracket": 6,
              "conf_high": 7.628,
              "conf_low": 7.602,
              "estimate": 7.615,
              "n": 90545,
              "n_units": 2090,
              "place": "Most deprived three tenths"
            }
          ],
          "id": "ladder_income_places",
          "spec": {
            "colors": {
              "Least deprived three tenths of counties": "accent",
              "Middle four tenths": "muted",
              "Most deprived three tenths": "highlight"
            },
            "hi": "conf_high",
            "lo": "conf_low",
            "n": "n",
            "series": "place",
            "x": "bracket",
            "xDomain": [
              1,
              6
            ],
            "xLabel": "Household income bracket (annual household income)",
            "xTicks": [
              {
                "label": "Under $24k",
                "value": 1
              },
              {
                "label": "$24k to $36k",
                "value": 2
              },
              {
                "label": "$36k to $48k",
                "value": 3
              },
              {
                "label": "$48k to $60k",
                "value": 4
              },
              {
                "label": "$60k to $90k",
                "value": 5
              },
              {
                "label": "$90k and over",
                "value": 6
              }
            ],
            "y": "estimate",
            "yDomain": [
              5.8,
              7.8
            ],
            "yFormat": {
              "digits": 1
            },
            "yLabel": "Mean ladder score (0 to 10)"
          },
          "subtitle": "Unweighted mean ladder score by household income bracket, in three bands of county deprivation (tenths 1 to 3, 4 to 7 and 8 to 10 of interviews), Gallup U.S. Daily 2009 to 2017",
          "title": "Within each household income bracket, the ladder score differs by at most {fact:place_spread_ladder} points across three bands of county deprivation",
          "type": "line"
        },
        "label": "Ladder score"
      },
      {
        "figure": {
          "alt": "Line chart of the share reporting physical pain across six household income brackets for three bands of county deprivation. All three fall steeply with income, and the most deprived band sits above the others, most clearly in the poorest bracket.",
          "caption": "Pain falls steeply with income in every band, and the bands separate mostly in the poorest bracket. Each point is an unweighted share with a 95% interval clustered by county.",
          "data": [
            {
              "bracket": 1,
              "conf_high": 35.018,
              "conf_low": 33.383,
              "estimate": 34.2,
              "n": 102306,
              "n_units": 237,
              "place": "Least deprived three tenths of counties"
            },
            {
              "bracket": 2,
              "conf_high": 27.728,
              "conf_low": 26.35,
              "estimate": 27.039,
              "n": 68623,
              "n_units": 237,
              "place": "Least deprived three tenths of counties"
            },
            {
              "bracket": 3,
              "conf_high": 24.528,
              "conf_low": 23.382,
              "estimate": 23.955,
              "n": 64124,
              "n_units": 238,
              "place": "Least deprived three tenths of counties"
            },
            {
              "bracket": 4,
              "conf_high": 21.603,
              "conf_low": 20.438,
              "estimate": 21.021,
              "n": 63809,
              "n_units": 236,
              "place": "Least deprived three tenths of counties"
            },
            {
              "bracket": 5,
              "conf_high": 19.541,
              "conf_low": 18.779,
              "estimate": 19.16,
              "n": 124159,
              "n_units": 238,
              "place": "Least deprived three tenths of counties"
            },
            {
              "bracket": 6,
              "conf_high": 16.053,
              "conf_low": 15.354,
              "estimate": 15.704,
              "n": 215333,
              "n_units": 237,
              "place": "Least deprived three tenths of counties"
            },
            {
              "bracket": 1,
              "conf_high": 37.551,
              "conf_low": 36.264,
              "estimate": 36.907,
              "n": 164464,
              "n_units": 763,
              "place": "Middle four tenths"
            },
            {
              "bracket": 2,
              "conf_high": 28.157,
              "conf_low": 27.199,
              "estimate": 27.678,
              "n": 112141,
              "n_units": 763,
              "place": "Middle four tenths"
            },
            {
              "bracket": 3,
              "conf_high": 24.528,
              "conf_low": 23.683,
              "estimate": 24.105,
              "n": 101201,
              "n_units": 762,
              "place": "Middle four tenths"
            },
            {
              "bracket": 4,
              "conf_high": 21.767,
              "conf_low": 20.968,
              "estimate": 21.368,
              "n": 93670,
              "n_units": 761,
              "place": "Middle four tenths"
            },
            {
              "bracket": 5,
              "conf_high": 19.128,
              "conf_low": 18.503,
              "estimate": 18.815,
              "n": 160630,
              "n_units": 763,
              "place": "Middle four tenths"
            },
            {
              "bracket": 6,
              "conf_high": 16.22,
              "conf_low": 15.578,
              "estimate": 15.899,
              "n": 207669,
              "n_units": 764,
              "place": "Middle four tenths"
            },
            {
              "bracket": 1,
              "conf_high": 41.261,
              "conf_low": 40.345,
              "estimate": 40.803,
              "n": 174503,
              "n_units": 2111,
              "place": "Most deprived three tenths"
            },
            {
              "bracket": 2,
              "conf_high": 29.707,
              "conf_low": 28.977,
              "estimate": 29.342,
              "n": 102096,
              "n_units": 2106,
              "place": "Most deprived three tenths"
            },
            {
              "bracket": 3,
              "conf_high": 25.304,
              "conf_low": 24.643,
              "estimate": 24.974,
              "n": 82038,
              "n_units": 2096,
              "place": "Most deprived three tenths"
            },
            {
              "bracket": 4,
              "conf_high": 22.77,
              "conf_low": 22.086,
              "estimate": 22.428,
              "n": 70157,
              "n_units": 2088,
              "place": "Most deprived three tenths"
            },
            {
              "bracket": 5,
              "conf_high": 19.635,
              "conf_low": 19.062,
              "estimate": 19.348,
              "n": 105265,
              "n_units": 2098,
              "place": "Most deprived three tenths"
            },
            {
              "bracket": 6,
              "conf_high": 17.653,
              "conf_low": 17.079,
              "estimate": 17.366,
              "n": 104953,
              "n_units": 2096,
              "place": "Most deprived three tenths"
            }
          ],
          "id": "pain_income_places",
          "spec": {
            "colors": {
              "Least deprived three tenths of counties": "accent",
              "Middle four tenths": "muted",
              "Most deprived three tenths": "highlight"
            },
            "hi": "conf_high",
            "lo": "conf_low",
            "n": "n",
            "series": "place",
            "x": "bracket",
            "xDomain": [
              1,
              6
            ],
            "xLabel": "Household income bracket (annual household income)",
            "xTicks": [
              {
                "label": "Under $24k",
                "value": 1
              },
              {
                "label": "$24k to $36k",
                "value": 2
              },
              {
                "label": "$36k to $48k",
                "value": 3
              },
              {
                "label": "$48k to $60k",
                "value": 4
              },
              {
                "label": "$60k to $90k",
                "value": 5
              },
              {
                "label": "$90k and over",
                "value": 6
              }
            ],
            "y": "estimate",
            "yDomain": [
              10,
              45
            ],
            "yFormat": {
              "digits": 0
            },
            "yLabel": "Respondents reporting physical pain (%)"
          },
          "subtitle": "Unweighted share reporting physical pain a lot of the day yesterday by household income bracket, in three bands of county deprivation, Gallup U.S. Daily 2008 to 2017",
          "title": "In the poorest income bracket, physical pain is {fact:placegap_pain_inc1} percentage points more common in the most deprived three tenths of counties than in the least deprived three tenths, against {fact:placegap_pain_inc6} in the richest bracket",
          "type": "line"
        },
        "label": "Physical pain"
      }
    ]
  },
  "subtitle": "Mean ladder score and share reporting physical pain by household income bracket, in three bands of county deprivation, Gallup U.S. Daily interviews (ladder 2009 to 2017, pain 2008 to 2017)",
  "title": "The income gradient of the ladder is nearly the same in all three bands of counties, {fact:slope_pooled} points per bracket across respondents and {fact:slope_within} within counties",
  "type": "tabs",
  "width": "wide"
}