{
  "alt": "A figure with two tabs. The first is a line chart of the share reporting physical pain, sadness and stress across the fifths of the county deaths-of-despair rate, with pain rising clearly. The second is a dot plot of county correlations with the rate for each item under three weightings and comparisons, largest for physical pain.",
  "caption": "The first tab shows respondents sorted by the county rate and the second gives the correlation of each county mean with the rate. Counties are the unit in the second tab, so it describes places and not the people who report pain.",
  "data": [],
  "id": "felt_despair",
  "notes": [
    "Gallup's extract has no survey weights, so every estimate is unweighted and levels can differ from the weighted figures Gallup publishes. County comes from the respondent's ZIP code and is approximate near county lines. The ladder is the evaluative measure and the feelings are experiential measures; they are never combined into one index.",
    "The deaths-of-despair rate is a single 2015 cross-section covering the larger counties (suicide, alcohol and drug deaths, CDC multiple cause of death, compiled by the Joint Economic Committee). The file keeps it as a cross-check series and does not document its population base or age adjustment, so it is used here only to rank counties; the text checks it against CDC WONDER rates for 2018 to 2023. Fifths are cut on interviews in counties with a rate.",
    "County means need a floor of respondents with each item, and the same counties enter every dot. The third dot of each row compares respondents within cells of five-year age band, sex, race, three-level education and household income bracket before averaging to counties, so it uses interviews that report every characteristic."
  ],
  "source": "Gallup U.S. Daily, ladder 2009-2017 and feelings 2008-2017; unweighted, intervals clustered by county; county deaths of despair from the Joint Economic Committee compilation of CDC data for 2015",
  "spec": {
    "panels": [
      {
        "figure": {
          "alt": "Line chart of three shares across the fifths of the county deaths-of-despair rate. The physical pain line rises from the lowest fifth to the highest, the sadness line rises slightly and the stress line is nearly flat.",
          "caption": "The pain line rises at every step, sadness drifts up and stress is nearly level. Each point is an unweighted share for the interviews in that fifth, in counties that have a rate, with a 95% interval clustered by county.",
          "data": [
            {
              "conf_high": 20.55,
              "conf_low": 19.78,
              "estimate": 20.16,
              "measure": "Physical pain",
              "n": 465440,
              "n_units": 150,
              "quintile": 1
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 22.69,
              "conf_low": 21.6,
              "estimate": 22.15,
              "measure": "Physical pain",
              "n": 466441,
              "n_units": 190,
              "quintile": 2
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 24.28,
              "conf_low": 23.45,
              "estimate": 23.86,
              "measure": "Physical pain",
              "n": 474417,
              "n_units": 278,
              "quintile": 3
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 25.77,
              "conf_low": 24.8,
              "estimate": 25.28,
              "measure": "Physical pain",
              "n": 470320,
              "n_units": 277,
              "quintile": 4
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 27.32,
              "conf_low": 26.27,
              "estimate": 26.8,
              "measure": "Physical pain",
              "n": 474232,
              "n_units": 446,
              "quintile": 5
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 16.44,
              "conf_low": 15.29,
              "estimate": 15.86,
              "measure": "Sadness",
              "n": 434567,
              "n_units": 150,
              "quintile": 1
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 17.05,
              "conf_low": 15.38,
              "estimate": 16.22,
              "measure": "Sadness",
              "n": 436885,
              "n_units": 190,
              "quintile": 2
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 16.51,
              "conf_low": 15.98,
              "estimate": 16.25,
              "measure": "Sadness",
              "n": 445971,
              "n_units": 278,
              "quintile": 3
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 17.36,
              "conf_low": 16.76,
              "estimate": 17.06,
              "measure": "Sadness",
              "n": 442076,
              "n_units": 277,
              "quintile": 4
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 17.72,
              "conf_low": 17.18,
              "estimate": 17.45,
              "measure": "Sadness",
              "n": 447105,
              "n_units": 446,
              "quintile": 5
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 37.92,
              "conf_low": 36.88,
              "estimate": 37.4,
              "measure": "Stress",
              "n": 465362,
              "n_units": 150,
              "quintile": 1
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 37.34,
              "conf_low": 36.25,
              "estimate": 36.79,
              "measure": "Stress",
              "n": 466398,
              "n_units": 190,
              "quintile": 2
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 36.39,
              "conf_low": 35.62,
              "estimate": 36,
              "measure": "Stress",
              "n": 474426,
              "n_units": 278,
              "quintile": 3
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 36.5,
              "conf_low": 35.85,
              "estimate": 36.17,
              "measure": "Stress",
              "n": 470344,
              "n_units": 277,
              "quintile": 4
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 36.83,
              "conf_low": 36.06,
              "estimate": 36.45,
              "measure": "Stress",
              "n": 474370,
              "n_units": 446,
              "quintile": 5
            }
          ],
          "id": "despair_quintiles",
          "spec": {
            "colors": {
              "Physical pain": "highlight",
              "Sadness": "cat6",
              "Stress": "muted"
            },
            "hi": "conf_high",
            "lo": "conf_low",
            "n": "n",
            "series": "measure",
            "x": "quintile",
            "xDomain": [
              1,
              5
            ],
            "xLabel": "Fifth of the county deaths-of-despair rate (1 = lowest, 5 = highest)",
            "xTicks": "data",
            "y": "estimate",
            "yDomain": [
              0,
              45
            ],
            "yFormat": {
              "digits": 0
            },
            "yLabel": "Respondents reporting the feeling (%)"
          },
          "subtitle": "Unweighted share reporting each feeling a lot of the day yesterday, by fifth of interviews ranked by the deaths-of-despair rate of the respondent's county, Gallup U.S. Daily 2008 to 2017",
          "title": "The share reporting physical pain rises from {fact:pain_q1} to {fact:pain_q5} across fifths of the county deaths-of-despair rate, while stress stays near {fact:stress_q1}",
          "type": "line"
        },
        "label": "By fifth of the county rate"
      },
      {
        "figure": {
          "alt": "Dot plot of correlations with the county deaths-of-despair rate for each item, three dots each. Physical pain is the largest positive correlation under every weighting, the ladder items are negative before the comparison within cells, and stress and worry are near zero when weighted by respondents and positive when each county counts once.",
          "caption": "Pain is the feeling with the strongest correlation under both weightings, and the ladder falls with the rate. Stress and worry barely correlate when counties are weighted by respondents but are positive when each county counts once. Each dot is a correlation across counties with a 95% interval from a bootstrap over counties.",
          "data": [
            {
              "conf_high": 0.691,
              "conf_low": 0.615,
              "estimate": 0.654,
              "group": "Weighted by respondents",
              "measure": "Physical pain",
              "n_units": 1337,
              "respondents": 2350453
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 0.627,
              "conf_low": 0.536,
              "estimate": 0.582,
              "group": "Each county once",
              "measure": "Physical pain",
              "n_units": 1337,
              "respondents": 2350453
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 0.48,
              "conf_low": 0.38,
              "estimate": 0.433,
              "group": "Weighted, same age, sex, race, education and income",
              "measure": "Physical pain",
              "n_units": 1331,
              "respondents": 1844740
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 0.41,
              "conf_low": 0.197,
              "estimate": 0.308,
              "group": "Weighted by respondents",
              "measure": "Sadness",
              "n_units": 1337,
              "respondents": 2206239
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 0.522,
              "conf_low": 0.385,
              "estimate": 0.453,
              "group": "Each county once",
              "measure": "Sadness",
              "n_units": 1337,
              "respondents": 2206239
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 0.061,
              "conf_low": -0.118,
              "estimate": -0.03,
              "group": "Weighted, same age, sex, race, education and income",
              "measure": "Sadness",
              "n_units": 1331,
              "respondents": 1722909
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 0.167,
              "conf_low": -0.046,
              "estimate": 0.059,
              "group": "Weighted by respondents",
              "measure": "Worry",
              "n_units": 1337,
              "respondents": 2350793
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 0.447,
              "conf_low": 0.286,
              "estimate": 0.364,
              "group": "Each county once",
              "measure": "Worry",
              "n_units": 1337,
              "respondents": 2350793
            },
            {
              "conf_high": -0.048,
              "conf_low": -0.213,
              "estimate": -0.134,
              "group": "Weighted, same age, sex, race, education and income",
              "measure": "Worry",
              "n_units": 1331,
              "respondents": 1845031
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 0.113,
              "conf_low": -0.099,
              "estimate": 0.007,
              "group": "Weighted by respondents",
              "measure": "Anger",
              "n_units": 1337,
              "respondents": 1875987
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 0.331,
              "conf_low": 0.158,
              "estimate": 0.244,
              "group": "Each county once",
              "measure": "Anger",
              "n_units": 1337,
              "respondents": 1875987
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 0.029,
              "conf_low": -0.145,
              "estimate": -0.062,
              "group": "Weighted, same age, sex, race, education and income",
              "measure": "Anger",
              "n_units": 1331,
              "respondents": 1452370
            },
            {
              "conf_high": -0.009,
              "conf_low": -0.169,
              "estimate": -0.088,
              "group": "Weighted by respondents",
              "measure": "Stress",
              "n_units": 1337,
              "respondents": 2350501
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 0.282,
              "conf_low": 0.11,
              "estimate": 0.194,
              "group": "Each county once",
              "measure": "Stress",
              "n_units": 1337,
              "respondents": 2350501
            },
            {
              "conf_high": -0.001,
              "conf_low": -0.151,
              "estimate": -0.077,
              "group": "Weighted, same age, sex, race, education and income",
              "measure": "Stress",
              "n_units": 1331,
              "respondents": 1844805
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 0.01,
              "conf_low": -0.221,
              "estimate": -0.102,
              "group": "Weighted by respondents",
              "measure": "Happiness",
              "n_units": 1337,
              "respondents": 2202015
            },
            {
              "conf_high": -0.249,
              "conf_low": -0.42,
              "estimate": -0.332,
              "group": "Each county once",
              "measure": "Happiness",
              "n_units": 1337,
              "respondents": 2202015
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 0.272,
              "conf_low": 0.104,
              "estimate": 0.192,
              "group": "Weighted, same age, sex, race, education and income",
              "measure": "Happiness",
              "n_units": 1331,
              "respondents": 1720588
            },
            {
              "conf_high": -0.027,
              "conf_low": -0.245,
              "estimate": -0.133,
              "group": "Weighted by respondents",
              "measure": "Enjoyment",
              "n_units": 1337,
              "respondents": 2347130
            },
            {
              "conf_high": -0.272,
              "conf_low": -0.447,
              "estimate": -0.358,
              "group": "Each county once",
              "measure": "Enjoyment",
              "n_units": 1337,
              "respondents": 2347130
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 0.23,
              "conf_low": 0.062,
              "estimate": 0.149,
              "group": "Weighted, same age, sex, race, education and income",
              "measure": "Enjoyment",
              "n_units": 1331,
              "respondents": 1843168
            },
            {
              "conf_high": -0.326,
              "conf_low": -0.475,
              "estimate": -0.405,
              "group": "Weighted by respondents",
              "measure": "Ladder now",
              "n_units": 1337,
              "respondents": 1981094
            },
            {
              "conf_high": -0.355,
              "conf_low": -0.481,
              "estimate": -0.42,
              "group": "Each county once",
              "measure": "Ladder now",
              "n_units": 1337,
              "respondents": 1981094
            },
            {
              "conf_high": 0.217,
              "conf_low": 0.067,
              "estimate": 0.143,
              "group": "Weighted, same age, sex, race, education and income",
              "measure": "Ladder now",
              "n_units": 1331,
              "respondents": 1570386
            },
            {
              "conf_high": -0.488,
              "conf_low": -0.596,
              "estimate": -0.542,
              "group": "Weighted by respondents",
              "measure": "Ladder in five years",
              "n_units": 1337,
              "respondents": 1900184
            },
            {
              "conf_high": -0.391,
              "conf_low": -0.509,
              "estimate": -0.452,
              "group": "Each county once",
              "measure": "Ladder in five years",
              "n_units": 1337,
              "respondents": 1900184
            },
            {
              "conf_high": -0.045,
              "conf_low": -0.172,
              "estimate": -0.108,
              "group": "Weighted, same age, sex, race, education and income",
              "measure": "Ladder in five years",
              "n_units": 1331,
              "respondents": 1522554
            }
          ],
          "id": "despair_correlations",
          "spec": {
            "colors": {
              "Each county once": "muted",
              "Weighted by respondents": "accent",
              "Weighted, same age, sex, race, education and income": "highlight"
            },
            "group": "group",
            "hi": "conf_high",
            "lo": "conf_low",
            "n": "n_units",
            "reference": 0,
            "referenceLabel": "No correlation",
            "sort": "data",
            "x": "estimate",
            "xDomain": [
              -0.7,
              0.8
            ],
            "xFormat": {
              "digits": 2,
              "signed": true
            },
            "xLabel": "Correlation with the county deaths-of-despair rate",
            "y": "measure"
          },
          "subtitle": "Correlation across counties between the county mean of each item and the county rate of deaths of despair (CDC, 2015, as compiled by the Joint Economic Committee), counties with enough respondents, Gallup U.S. Daily (ladder 2009 to 2017, feelings 2008 to 2017)",
          "title": "Across counties, the share reporting pain correlates {fact:r_des_pain} with the deaths-of-despair rate, the highest of the feelings, and {fact:r_des_pain_adj} once respondents are compared within cells",
          "type": "dot"
        },
        "label": "Correlations across counties"
      }
    ]
  },
  "subtitle": "Feelings and life ratings of Gallup U.S. Daily respondents against the deaths-of-despair rate of their county (ladder 2009 to 2017, feelings 2008 to 2017)",
  "title": "Physical pain is the feeling most closely tied to the county deaths-of-despair rate under every weighting and comparison, with a correlation of {fact:r_des_pain} across counties",
  "type": "tabs",
  "width": "wide"
}