{ "alt": "A figure with two tabs. The first is a scatter plot of the infant mortality rate of large counties against county deprivation rank, rising from lower left to upper right with a line of quartile means. The second is a line chart of the rate across deprivation deciles of all counties with a published rate, higher at the most deprived end than at the least deprived but not rising at every step.", "caption": "The first tab shows the large counties behind the quartile means in the title. The second tab shows the rate by decile for every county with a published rate from a second source, including smaller counties.", "data": [], "id": "imr_by_deprivation", "notes": [ "The counties are the {fact:counties_used} of {fact:counties_named} named counties (at least {fact:lbd_county_threshold} residents) with a published death count in every year; they hold {fact:births_share_used} of births in the United States. The other {fact:counties_left_out} named counties have a withheld year ({fact:lbd_withheld_cells} withheld county-years in all, each of 1 to 9 deaths) and are left out whole, not pooled over their published years.", "A county's deprivation rank is the population-weighted mean of the Area Deprivation Index national ranks of its census tracts (1 is least deprived, 100 most), weighted by 2019-2023 tract population. Quartiles hold equal numbers of counties, so the most deprived quarter is relative to large counties and not to the nation.", "Quartile means are births-weighted. Intervals are 95% intervals from a bootstrap over counties (replicates and seed in the methods note).", "The second tab uses County Health Rankings rates for counties with at least {fact:map_floor_deaths} infant deaths in 2015 to 2021, so it leaves out the smallest counties, and its deciles are deciles of the counties that publish.", "Across all the counties in the second tab the rate is {fact:us_imr} per {fact:per_1000}." ], "source": "CDC WONDER linked birth and infant death, 2018-2022, and Area Deprivation Index 2023; crude rates from full counts, births-weighted (population-weighted); second tab: County Health Rankings 2024, 2015-2021", "spec": { "panels": [ { "figure": { "alt": "Scatter plot of the infant mortality rate of each large county against its deprivation rank. The cloud slopes up from the lower left to the upper right, and a line of four quartile means with short whiskers rises from the least deprived quarter to the most deprived.", "caption": "Dots drift up from left to right and the quartile means follow them. Each dot is a county, with area in proportion to its births; the line plots the births-weighted rate in each quarter of counties with a 95% interval from a bootstrap over counties.", "data": [ { "adi": 27.27, "births": 24712, "conf_high": 5.68, "conf_low": 3.95, "county": "Ada County, ID", "imr": 4.82 }, { "adi": 31.5, "births": 30996, "conf_high": 6.27, "conf_low": 4.63, "county": "Adams County, CO", "imr": 5.45 }, { "adi": 7.82, "births": 87316, "conf_high": 3.81, "conf_low": 3.04, "county": "Alameda County, CA", "imr": 3.42 }, { "adi": 60.06, "births": 61976, "conf_high": 6.97, "conf_low": 5.71, "county": "Allegheny County, PA", "imr": 6.34 }, { "adi": 67.85, "births": 26159, "conf_high": 8.09, "conf_low": 6.05, "county": "Allen County, IN", "imr": 7.07 }, { "adi": 37.23, "births": 18908, "conf_high": 6.14, "conf_low": 4.06, "county": "Anchorage Borough, AK", "imr": 5.02 }, { "adi": 26.31, "births": 34328, "conf_high": 5.23, "conf_low": 3.8, "county": "Anne Arundel County, MD", 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"county": "Santa Barbara County, CA", "imr": 4.1 }, { "adi": 5.05, "births": 100305, "conf_high": 3.03, "conf_low": 2.39, "county": "Santa Clara County, CA", "imr": 2.71 }, { "adi": 68.53, "births": 33214, "conf_high": 7.85, "conf_low": 6.06, "county": "Sedgwick County, KS", "imr": 6.95 }, { "adi": 40.38, "births": 22970, "conf_high": 6.59, "conf_low": 4.65, "county": "Seminole County, FL", "imr": 5.62 }, { "adi": 66.3, "births": 63231, "conf_high": 9.03, "conf_low": 7.61, "county": "Shelby County, TN", "imr": 8.32 }, { "adi": 17.55, "births": 48396, "conf_high": 4.04, "conf_low": 2.98, "county": "Snohomish County, WA", "imr": 3.51 }, { "adi": 20.56, "births": 24894, "conf_high": 5.2, "conf_low": 3.56, "county": "Solano County, CA", "imr": 4.38 }, { "adi": 14.25, "births": 22266, "conf_high": 3.82, "conf_low": 2.33, "county": "Sonoma County, CA", "imr": 3.01 }, { "adi": 66.48, "births": 19748, "conf_high": 6.44, "conf_low": 4.39, "county": "Spartanburg County, SC", "imr": 5.42 }, { 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"conf_low": 5.35, "county": "Stark County, OH", "imr": 6.46 }, { "adi": 16.54, "births": 42713, "conf_high": 4.5, "conf_low": 3.32, "county": "Suffolk County, MA", "imr": 3.91 }, { "adi": 19.74, "births": 77073, "conf_high": 4.32, "conf_low": 3.44, "county": "Suffolk County, NY", "imr": 3.88 }, { "adi": 66.08, "births": 28116, "conf_high": 7.07, "conf_low": 5.24, "county": "Summit County, OH", "imr": 6.15 }, { "adi": 48.92, "births": 136253, "conf_high": 6.25, "conf_low": 5.44, "county": "Tarrant County, TX", "imr": 5.84 }, { "adi": 30.13, "births": 15251, "conf_high": 6.53, "conf_low": 4.16, "county": "Thurston County, WA", "imr": 5.25 }, { "adi": 27.39, "births": 77756, "conf_high": 4.53, "conf_low": 3.63, "county": "Travis County, TX", "imr": 4.08 }, { "adi": 50.21, "births": 33845, "conf_high": 5.81, "conf_low": 4.3, "county": "Tulare County, CA", "imr": 5.05 }, { "adi": 64.81, "births": 43862, "conf_high": 8.17, "conf_low": 6.56, "county": "Tulsa County, OK", "imr": 7.36 }, { "adi": 28.09, "births": 33101, "conf_high": 4.57, "conf_low": 3.22, "county": "Union County, NJ", "imr": 3.9 }, { "adi": 26.08, "births": 58954, "conf_high": 5.36, "conf_low": 4.24, "county": "Utah County, UT", "imr": 4.8 }, { "adi": 14.46, "births": 43372, "conf_high": 4.43, "conf_low": 3.27, "county": "Ventura County, CA", "imr": 3.85 }, { "adi": 38.95, "births": 26879, "conf_high": 6.51, "conf_low": 4.72, "county": "Virginia Beach city, VA", "imr": 5.62 }, { "adi": 55.9, "births": 24368, "conf_high": 6.61, "conf_low": 4.72, "county": "Volusia County, FL", "imr": 5.66 }, { "adi": 32, "births": 64176, "conf_high": 5.88, "conf_low": 4.75, "county": "Wake County, NC", "imr": 5.31 }, { "adi": 21.83, "births": 30945, "conf_high": 4.47, "conf_low": 3.1, "county": "Washington County, OR", "imr": 3.78 }, { "adi": 28.88, "births": 25572, "conf_high": 6.64, "conf_low": 4.78, "county": "Washoe County, NV", "imr": 5.71 }, { "adi": 40.2, "births": 16820, "conf_high": 6.77, "conf_low": 4.46, "county": "Washtenaw County, MI", "imr": 5.53 }, { "adi": 34.74, "births": 19067, "conf_high": 5.69, "conf_low": 3.7, "county": "Waukesha County, WI", "imr": 4.62 }, { "adi": 72.84, "births": 109697, "conf_high": 10.22, "conf_low": 9.05, "county": "Wayne County, MI", "imr": 9.64 }, { "adi": 73.52, "births": 22421, "conf_high": 5.87, "conf_low": 4.03, "county": "Webb County, TX", "imr": 4.95 }, { "adi": 32.31, "births": 22285, "conf_high": 4.77, "conf_low": 3.09, "county": "Weld County, CO", "imr": 3.86 }, { "adi": 20.19, "births": 49530, "conf_high": 4.29, "conf_low": 3.22, "county": "Westchester County, NY", "imr": 3.76 }, { "adi": 66.04, "births": 14352, "conf_high": 6.78, "conf_low": 4.3, "county": "Westmoreland County, PA", "imr": 5.43 }, { "adi": 43.71, "births": 35331, "conf_high": 5.87, "conf_low": 4.38, "county": "Will County, IL", "imr": 5.12 }, { "adi": 31.02, "births": 35958, "conf_high": 4.39, "conf_low": 3.12, "county": "Williamson County, TX", "imr": 3.75 }, { "adi": 76.98, "births": 16888, "conf_high": 9.41, "conf_low": 6.7, "county": "Winnebago County, IL", "imr": 8.05 }, { "adi": 35.79, "births": 42128, "conf_high": 4.72, "conf_low": 3.49, "county": "Worcester County, MA", "imr": 4.11 }, { "adi": 58.42, "births": 23830, "conf_high": 5.62, "conf_low": 3.87, "county": "York County, PA", "imr": 4.74 } ], "id": "imr_county_scatter", "spec": { "label": "county", "overlays": [ { "hi": "hi", "kind": "line", "label": "Quartile mean with 95% interval", "lo": "lo", "rows": [ { "hi": 4.11, "lo": 3.69, "n": 3833779, "x": 17.49, "y": 3.89 }, { "hi": 5.22, "lo": 4.76, "n": 2746417, "x": 36.4, "y": 4.99 }, { "hi": 6.17, "lo": 5.75, "n": 2967043, "x": 51.43, "y": 5.95 }, { "hi": 7.65, "lo": 6.73, "n": 1961405, "x": 67.78, "y": 7.21 } ], "x": "x", "y": "y" } ], "size": "births", "sizeFormat": { "digits": 0, "thousands": true }, "sizeLabel": "births, 2018 to 2022", "x": "adi", "xDomain": [ 0, 100 ], "xLabel": "County deprivation rank (1 = least deprived, 100 = most deprived)", "y": "imr", "yDomain": [ 0, 14 ], "yFormat": { "digits": 1 }, "yLabel": "Infant deaths per 1,000 live births" }, "subtitle": "Infant deaths per {fact:per_1000} against the county deprivation rank, one dot per county, 2018 to 2022, with births-weighted quartile means", "title": "Across {fact:counties_used} large counties the infant mortality rate moves with the deprivation rank, a correlation of {fact:imr_adi_corr}", "type": "scatter" }, "label": "Large counties, 2018 to 2022" }, { "figure": { "alt": "Line chart of the infant mortality rate across ten deprivation deciles of all counties with a published rate. The line starts lowest in the least deprived decile, rises through the lower and middle deciles, dips across the eighth and ninth, and ends highest in the most deprived decile, where the band is widest.", "caption": "The rate is higher in the most deprived decile than in the least deprived, but the line is not monotone: it dips across the eighth and ninth deciles. The bands are 95% intervals from a bootstrap over counties; the deciles hold equal numbers of the counties that publish a rate.", "data": [ { "conf_high": 4.19, "conf_low": 3.834, "decile": 1, "estimate": 4.002, "n": 6629995 }, { "conf_high": 5.321, "conf_low": 4.884, "decile": 2, "estimate": 5.112, "n": 4124889 }, { "conf_high": 5.97, "conf_low": 5.506, "decile": 3, "estimate": 5.775, "n": 3070833 }, { "conf_high": 6.34, "conf_low": 5.86, "decile": 4, "estimate": 6.094, "n": 2816097 }, { "conf_high": 7.061, "conf_low": 6.374, "decile": 5, "estimate": 6.721, "n": 2100337 }, { "conf_high": 7.34, "conf_low": 6.703, "decile": 6, "estimate": 7.048, "n": 1871135 }, { "conf_high": 8.124, "conf_low": 7.115, "decile": 7, "estimate": 7.649, "n": 1376448 }, { "conf_high": 7.959, "conf_low": 6.732, "decile": 8, "estimate": 7.382, "n": 935698 }, { "conf_high": 7.915, "conf_low": 6.49, "decile": 9, "estimate": 7.241, "n": 748936 }, { "conf_high": 9.462, "conf_low": 8.055, "decile": 10, "estimate": 8.765, "n": 467875 } ], "id": "imr_all_counties", "spec": { "hi": "conf_high", "lo": "conf_low", "n": "n", "x": "decile", "xDomain": [ 1, 10 ], "xLabel": "Decile of county deprivation rank (1 = least deprived tenth of counties, 10 = most deprived)", "xTicks": "data", "y": "estimate", "yDomain": [ 0, 11 ], "yFormat": { "digits": 1 }, "yLabel": "Infant deaths per 1,000 live births" }, "subtitle": "Births-weighted infant deaths per {fact:per_1000} by decile of county deprivation rank, counties with at least {fact:map_floor_deaths} infant deaths, County Health Rankings, 2015 to 2021", "title": "Across all {fact:chr_counties} counties with a published rate the rate is {fact:chr_all_d1} in the least deprived tenth and {fact:chr_all_d10} in the most deprived", "type": "line" }, "label": "All counties with a rate, 2015 to 2021" } ] }, "subtitle": "Infant deaths per {fact:per_1000} by county deprivation, WONDER 2018 to 2022 for the large counties and County Health Rankings 2015 to 2021 for all counties with a rate", "title": "Infant mortality rises from {fact:imr_q1} per {fact:per_1000} in the least deprived quarter of large counties to {fact:imr_q4} in the most deprived", "type": "tabs", "width": "wide" }