{
  "alt": "A dumbbell chart with one row per state, each joining an open dot for white mothers to a filled dot for Black mothers. In every row the Black dot is to the right, with the longest connectors in Delaware, Michigan and Wisconsin and the shortest in Massachusetts, Colorado and Connecticut.",
  "caption": "In every row the filled dot for Black mothers lies to the right of the open dot for white mothers. The white rate also varies by state, from {fact:white_state_low} to {fact:white_state_high}.",
  "data": [
    {
      "black": 11.67,
      "hi_b": 14.62,
      "hi_w": 4.78,
      "lo_b": 9.18,
      "lo_w": 2.66,
      "n_b": 6429,
      "n_w": 13325,
      "state": "Delaware",
      "white": 3.6
    },
    {
      "black": 12.73,
      "hi_b": 13.79,
      "hi_w": 5.02,
      "lo_b": 11.68,
      "lo_w": 4.35,
      "n_b": 44064,
      "n_w": 163307,
      "state": "Michigan",
      "white": 4.68
    },
    {
      "black": 12.66,
      "hi_b": 14.45,
      "hi_w": 5.41,
      "lo_b": 10.87,
      "lo_w": 4.56,
      "n_b": 15162,
      "n_w": 103924,
      "state": "Wisconsin",
      "white": 4.98
    },
    {
      "black": 12.29,
      "hi_b": 16.08,
      "hi_w": 5.35,
      "lo_b": 9.21,
      "lo_w": 4.05,
      "n_b": 4312,
      "n_w": 42773,
      "state": "Nebraska",
      "white": 4.7
    },
    {
      "black": 12.97,
      "hi_b": 13.96,
      "hi_w": 5.86,
      "lo_b": 11.97,
      "lo_w": 5.22,
      "n_b": 50431,
      "n_w": 208964,
      "state": "Ohio",
      "white": 5.54
    },
    {
      "black": 12.13,
      "hi_b": 13.09,
      "hi_w": 5.19,
      "lo_b": 11.18,
      "lo_w": 4.6,
      "n_b": 51108,
      "n_w": 213812,
      "state": "Illinois",
      "white": 4.9
    },
    {
      "black": 11.72,
      "hi_b": 12.83,
      "hi_w": 5.24,
      "lo_b": 10.61,
      "lo_w": 4.25,
      "n_b": 36444,
      "n_w": 73958,
      "state": "South Carolina",
      "white": 4.75
    },
    {
      "black": 12.15,
      "hi_b": 15.23,
      "hi_w": 5.89,
      "lo_b": 9.56,
      "lo_w": 4.74,
      "n_b": 6173,
      "n_w": 62047,
      "state": "Kansas",
      "white": 5.32
    },
    {
      "black": 12.69,
      "hi_b": 14.83,
      "hi_w": 6.76,
      "lo_b": 10.56,
      "lo_w": 5.63,
      "n_b": 10713,
      "n_w": 73285,
      "state": "Oklahoma",
      "white": 6.19
    },
    {
      "black": 11.93,
      "hi_b": 13.07,
      "hi_w": 6.03,
      "lo_b": 10.78,
      "lo_w": 5.18,
      "n_b": 34960,
      "n_w": 121143,
      "state": "Tennessee",
      "white": 5.6
    },
    {
      "black": 11.16,
      "hi_b": 11.97,
      "hi_w": 5.39,
      "lo_b": 10.34,
      "lo_w": 4.69,
      "n_b": 64533,
      "n_w": 157420,
      "state": "North Carolina",
      "white": 5.04
    },
    {
      "black": 10.63,
      "hi_b": 11.25,
      "hi_w": 4.81,
      "lo_b": 10.01,
      "lo_w": 4.34,
      "n_b": 106859,
      "n_w": 317717,
      "state": "Florida",
      "white": 4.58
    },
    {
      "black": 10.41,
      "hi_b": 13.25,
      "hi_w": 4.92,
      "lo_b": 8.05,
      "lo_w": 3.9,
      "n_b": 6338,
      "n_w": 65737,
      "state": "Iowa",
      "white": 4.41
    },
    {
      "black": 10.64,
      "hi_b": 11.3,
      "hi_w": 5.36,
      "lo_b": 9.97,
      "lo_w": 4.63,
      "n_b": 93071,
      "n_w": 145932,
      "state": "Georgia",
      "white": 5
    },
    {
      "black": 10.6,
      "hi_b": 11.53,
      "hi_w": 5.29,
      "lo_b": 9.68,
      "lo_w": 4.68,
      "n_b": 47243,
      "n_w": 207572,
      "state": "Pennsylvania",
      "white": 4.99
    },
    {
      "black": 10.99,
      "hi_b": 12.06,
      "hi_w": 6.16,
      "lo_b": 9.92,
      "lo_w": 5.1,
      "n_b": 36953,
      "n_w": 76765,
      "state": "Alabama",
      "white": 5.63
    },
    {
      "black": 11.47,
      "hi_b": 13.18,
      "hi_w": 6.81,
      "lo_b": 9.76,
      "lo_w": 5.5,
      "n_b": 15082,
      "n_w": 55070,
      "state": "Arkansas",
      "white": 6.16
    },
    {
      "black": 9.34,
      "hi_b": 10.2,
      "hi_w": 4.48,
      "lo_b": 8.48,
      "lo_w": 3.6,
      "n_b": 48404,
      "n_w": 80981,
      "state": "Maryland",
      "white": 4.04
    },
    {
      "black": 9.43,
      "hi_b": 11.17,
      "hi_w": 4.49,
      "lo_b": 7.69,
      "lo_w": 3.8,
      "n_b": 11984,
      "n_w": 131533,
      "state": "Washington",
      "white": 4.14
    },
    {
      "black": 9.77,
      "hi_b": 10.36,
      "hi_w": 5,
      "lo_b": 9.17,
      "lo_w": 4.65,
      "n_b": 105253,
      "n_w": 604692,
      "state": "Texas",
      "white": 4.83
    },
    {
      "black": 10.37,
      "hi_b": 11.66,
      "hi_w": 5.88,
      "lo_b": 9.07,
      "lo_w": 5.03,
      "n_b": 23828,
      "n_w": 116241,
      "state": "Missouri",
      "white": 5.45
    },
    {
      "black": 8.11,
      "hi_b": 9.06,
      "hi_w": 3.53,
      "lo_b": 7.16,
      "lo_w": 2.94,
      "n_b": 34767,
      "n_w": 141428,
      "state": "New Jersey",
      "white": 3.23
    },
    {
      "black": 10.82,
      "hi_b": 11.76,
      "hi_w": 6.54,
      "lo_b": 9.88,
      "lo_w": 5.38,
      "n_b": 46868,
      "n_w": 68003,
      "state": "Louisiana",
      "white": 5.96
    },
    {
      "black": 8.63,
      "hi_b": 9.98,
      "hi_w": 4.29,
      "lo_b": 7.28,
      "lo_w": 3.52,
      "n_b": 18199,
      "n_w": 101548,
      "state": "Minnesota",
      "white": 3.91
    },
    {
      "black": 10.64,
      "hi_b": 11.98,
      "hi_w": 6.42,
      "lo_b": 9.31,
      "lo_w": 5.59,
      "n_b": 22926,
      "n_w": 134146,
      "state": "Indiana",
      "white": 6.01
    },
    {
      "black": 9.06,
      "hi_b": 13.09,
      "hi_w": 5.77,
      "lo_b": 6.02,
      "lo_w": 3.61,
      "n_b": 3092,
      "n_w": 16093,
      "state": "Rhode Island",
      "white": 4.6
    },
    {
      "black": 9.18,
      "hi_b": 10.06,
      "hi_w": 5.17,
      "lo_b": 8.3,
      "lo_w": 4.43,
      "n_b": 45536,
      "n_w": 133860,
      "state": "Virginia",
      "white": 4.8
    },
    {
      "black": 7.96,
      "hi_b": 8.56,
      "hi_w": 3.81,
      "lo_b": 7.37,
      "lo_w": 3.38,
      "n_b": 87384,
      "n_w": 307616,
      "state": "New York",
      "white": 3.6
    },
    {
      "black": 10.99,
      "hi_b": 12.13,
      "hi_w": 7.45,
      "lo_b": 9.86,
      "lo_w": 5.85,
      "n_b": 32561,
      "n_w": 39548,
      "state": "Mississippi",
      "white": 6.65
    },
    {
      "black": 9.33,
      "hi_b": 11.13,
      "hi_w": 5.79,
      "lo_b": 7.53,
      "lo_w": 4.55,
      "n_b": 11042,
      "n_w": 51823,
      "state": "Nevada",
      "white": 5.17
    },
    {
      "black": 9.2,
      "hi_b": 10.97,
      "hi_w": 5.47,
      "lo_b": 7.43,
      "lo_w": 4.7,
      "n_b": 11303,
      "n_w": 132097,
      "state": "Arizona",
      "white": 5.09
    },
    {
      "black": 8.16,
      "hi_b": 8.89,
      "hi_w": 4.21,
      "lo_b": 7.43,
      "lo_w": 3.9,
      "n_b": 58843,
      "n_w": 677920,
      "state": "California",
      "white": 4.06
    },
    {
      "black": 9,
      "hi_b": 10.74,
      "hi_w": 5.5,
      "lo_b": 7.26,
      "lo_w": 4.58,
      "n_b": 11443,
      "n_w": 92669,
      "state": "Kentucky",
      "white": 5.04
    },
    {
      "black": 7.66,
      "hi_b": 9.46,
      "hi_w": 4.28,
      "lo_b": 6.12,
      "lo_w": 3.23,
      "n_b": 11231,
      "n_w": 52490,
      "state": "Connecticut",
      "white": 3.75
    },
    {
      "black": 8.25,
      "hi_b": 10.42,
      "hi_w": 4.97,
      "lo_b": 6.43,
      "lo_w": 4.17,
      "n_b": 8488,
      "n_w": 109155,
      "state": "Colorado",
      "white": 4.57
    },
    {
      "black": 6.83,
      "hi_b": 7.97,
      "hi_w": 3.9,
      "lo_b": 5.68,
      "lo_w": 3.18,
      "n_b": 20073,
      "n_w": 104559,
      "state": "Massachusetts",
      "white": 3.54
    }
  ],
  "id": "imr_black_white_states",
  "notes": [
    "Only states that publish infant deaths for both groups in both years appear; they hold {fact:bw_black_births_share} of births to Black mothers. A state-year cell of 1 to 9 deaths is withheld, and a state is shown only when no cell of either group is withheld, so states with few Black births are absent.",
    "WONDER counts mothers by single race and includes Hispanic mothers in each group. Intervals are gamma or normal intervals on the death counts and leave out differences between counties within a state."
  ],
  "source": "CDC WONDER linked birth and infant death, 2018-2019, mother's race (crude rates from full counts)",
  "spec": {
    "deltaLabel": "Black minus white (per 1,000)",
    "hi1": "hi_w",
    "hi2": "hi_b",
    "label1": "White mothers (any ethnicity)",
    "label2": "Black mothers (any ethnicity)",
    "lo1": "lo_w",
    "lo2": "lo_b",
    "n1": "n_w",
    "n2": "n_b",
    "sort": "change-desc",
    "x1": "white",
    "x2": "black",
    "xDomain": [
      0,
      18
    ],
    "xFormat": {
      "digits": 1
    },
    "xLabel": "Infant deaths per 1,000 live births",
    "y": "state"
  },
  "subtitle": "Infant deaths per {fact:per_1000} by mother's single race, any ethnicity, {fact:bw_states} states, 2018 and 2019, with 95% intervals, ordered by the Black-white difference",
  "title": "Black mothers' infants died at a higher rate than white mothers' in all {fact:bw_states} states that publish both, by a median ratio of {fact:bw_ratio_median}",
  "type": "dumbbell",
  "width": "wide"
}