{
  "alt": "Table of {fact:n_rows} outcomes from {fact:n_chapters} chapters, grouped by domain. Birth outcomes, disability, smoking, civic participation and life expectancy are steadily worse toward the more deprived end; county overdose, suicide and homicide rates are worse there but uneven; traffic proximity, fine particulate matter, the annual checkup and low-income renters' cost burden are better there; renters' cost burden shows no detectable difference between the ends.",
  "caption": "Read the pattern column first, then the two ends in their own units. A row is steady when the rank correlation is at least {fact:rho_cut} in absolute value and the intervals of the two end bins do not overlap. The rows come from different places, units and periods, so the table counts patterns and does not compare sizes across rows.",
  "data": [
    {
      "bins": 10,
      "chapter": "Birthweight and preterm birth",
      "domain": "Birth and school",
      "least": "7.4",
      "most": "9.7",
      "outcome": "Low birthweight",
      "ranking": "Decile of county deprivation rank (1 = least deprived tenth of counties, 10 = most deprived)",
      "rho": 1,
      "shape": "Steady",
      "side": "Worse at the deprived end",
      "unit": "Share of live births (%)"
    },
    {
      "bins": 10,
      "chapter": "Birthweight and preterm birth",
      "domain": "Birth and school",
      "least": "8.8",
      "most": "12.1",
      "outcome": "Preterm birth",
      "ranking": "Decile of county deprivation rank (1 = least deprived tenth of counties, 10 = most deprived)",
      "rho": 1,
      "shape": "Steady",
      "side": "Worse at the deprived end",
      "unit": "Share of live births (%)"
    },
    {
      "bins": 10,
      "chapter": "Infant mortality",
      "domain": "Birth and school",
      "least": "4.0",
      "most": "8.8",
      "outcome": "Infant mortality",
      "ranking": "Decile of county deprivation rank (1 = least deprived tenth of counties, 10 = most deprived)",
      "rho": 0.95,
      "shape": "Steady",
      "side": "Worse at the deprived end",
      "unit": "Infant deaths per 1,000 live births"
    },
    {
      "bins": 10,
      "chapter": "Gender gaps in reading and math",
      "domain": "Birth and school",
      "least": "−0.87",
      "most": "−0.79",
      "outcome": "Reading gap, boys minus girls",
      "ranking": "Tenth of districts by median household income (1 = lowest, 10 = highest), read from the highest bin to the lowest",
      "rho": 0.39,
      "shape": "No detectable difference between the ends",
      "side": "No reading",
      "unit": "Mean male minus female gap (grade levels)"
    },
    {
      "bins": 10,
      "chapter": "Gender gaps in reading and math",
      "domain": "Birth and school",
      "least": "0.08",
      "most": "−0.20",
      "outcome": "Math gap, boys minus girls",
      "ranking": "Tenth of districts by median household income (1 = lowest, 10 = highest), read from the highest bin to the lowest",
      "rho": -0.93,
      "shape": "Steady",
      "side": "No reading",
      "unit": "Mean male minus female gap (grade levels)"
    },
    {
      "bins": 10,
      "chapter": "College access, price and earnings",
      "domain": "Becoming an adult",
      "least": "6.1",
      "most": "29.3",
      "outcome": "Distance to a four-year college",
      "ranking": "Tenth of counties by ADI national rank (1 = least deprived, 10 = most deprived)",
      "rho": 1,
      "shape": "Steady",
      "side": "Worse at the deprived end",
      "unit": "Miles to the nearest four-year campus, average resident"
    },
    {
      "bins": 10,
      "chapter": "Teen births",
      "domain": "Becoming an adult",
      "least": "13.0",
      "most": "38.5",
      "outcome": "Predicted teen birth share",
      "ranking": "Tenth of places, means of the points by Area Deprivation Index national rank (1 = least deprived, 100 = most deprived)",
      "rho": 1,
      "shape": "Steady",
      "side": "No reading",
      "unit": "Predicted share of women with a teen birth (percent)"
    },
    {
      "bins": 10,
      "chapter": "School discipline and incarceration",
      "domain": "Becoming an adult",
      "least": "3.8",
      "most": "6.4",
      "outcome": "Incarceration, Black children from low-income families",
      "ranking": "Tenth of tracts by deprivation rank (1 = least deprived, 10 = most deprived)",
      "rho": 0.99,
      "shape": "Steady",
      "side": "Worse at the deprived end",
      "unit": "Percent incarcerated on April 1, 2010"
    },
    {
      "bins": 10,
      "chapter": "School discipline and incarceration",
      "domain": "Becoming an adult",
      "least": "1.23",
      "most": "2.59",
      "outcome": "Incarceration, white children from low-income families",
      "ranking": "Tenth of tracts by deprivation rank (1 = least deprived, 10 = most deprived)",
      "rho": 1,
      "shape": "Steady",
      "side": "Worse at the deprived end",
      "unit": "Percent incarcerated on April 1, 2010"
    },
    {
      "bins": 10,
      "chapter": "Mortgage denials",
      "domain": "Home, work and money",
      "least": "7.8",
      "most": "13.8",
      "outcome": "Mortgage denial rate",
      "ranking": "Tenth of places, means of the points by Area Deprivation Index national rank (1 = least deprived, 100 = most deprived)",
      "rho": 0.95,
      "shape": "Steady",
      "side": "Worse at the deprived end",
      "unit": "Denied share of decided applications (%)"
    },
    {
      "bins": 10,
      "chapter": "Renting, affordability and eviction",
      "domain": "Home, work and money",
      "least": "44.5",
      "most": "47.6",
      "outcome": "Renter households over the cost-burden line",
      "ranking": "Area Deprivation Index tenth of tracts (1 = least deprived, 10 = most deprived)",
      "rho": -0.3,
      "shape": "No detectable difference between the ends",
      "side": "Neither",
      "unit": "Share paying more than 30% of income (%)"
    },
    {
      "bins": 10,
      "chapter": "Renting, affordability and eviction",
      "domain": "Home, work and money",
      "least": "25.6",
      "most": "19.8",
      "outcome": "Owner households over the cost-burden line",
      "ranking": "Area Deprivation Index tenth of tracts (1 = least deprived, 10 = most deprived)",
      "rho": -0.88,
      "shape": "Uneven",
      "side": "Better at the deprived end",
      "unit": "Share paying more than 30% of income (%)"
    },
    {
      "bins": 10,
      "chapter": "Renting, affordability and eviction",
      "domain": "Home, work and money",
      "least": "75.3",
      "most": "62.5",
      "outcome": "Low-income renters over the cost-burden line",
      "ranking": "Area Deprivation Index tenth of tracts (1 = least deprived, 10 = most deprived)",
      "rho": -1,
      "shape": "Steady",
      "side": "Better at the deprived end",
      "unit": "Low-income households paying more than 30% of income (%)"
    },
    {
      "bins": 10,
      "chapter": "Air pollution",
      "domain": "Environment and connection",
      "least": "74.7",
      "most": "39.0",
      "outcome": "Traffic proximity",
      "ranking": "Decile of the Area Deprivation Index national rank (1 = least deprived, 10 = most deprived)",
      "rho": -0.96,
      "shape": "Steady",
      "side": "Better at the deprived end",
      "unit": "Mean national percentile of the tract (0 to 100)"
    },
    {
      "bins": 10,
      "chapter": "Air pollution",
      "domain": "Environment and connection",
      "least": "64.3",
      "most": "47.8",
      "outcome": "Fine particulate matter",
      "ranking": "Decile of the Area Deprivation Index national rank (1 = least deprived, 10 = most deprived)",
      "rho": -0.93,
      "shape": "Steady",
      "side": "Better at the deprived end",
      "unit": "Mean national percentile of the tract (0 to 100)"
    },
    {
      "bins": 10,
      "chapter": "Civic life, loneliness and partnership",
      "domain": "Environment and connection",
      "least": "72.1",
      "most": "56.4",
      "outcome": "Voter turnout, 2020",
      "ranking": "Decile of county deprivation (1 = least deprived tenth of counties, 10 = most deprived)",
      "rho": -1,
      "shape": "Steady",
      "side": "Worse at the deprived end",
      "unit": "Turnout or self-response (%)"
    },
    {
      "bins": 10,
      "chapter": "Civic life, loneliness and partnership",
      "domain": "Environment and connection",
      "least": "68.6",
      "most": "47.6",
      "outcome": "Census self-response, 2020",
      "ranking": "Decile of county deprivation (1 = least deprived tenth of counties, 10 = most deprived)",
      "rho": -1,
      "shape": "Steady",
      "side": "Worse at the deprived end",
      "unit": "Turnout or self-response (%)"
    },
    {
      "bins": 10,
      "chapter": "Life evaluation and daily feelings",
      "domain": "Environment and connection",
      "least": "7.17",
      "most": "6.93",
      "outcome": "Life evaluation (ladder score)",
      "ranking": "Decile of deprivation (1 = least deprived tenth of interviews, 10 = most deprived)",
      "rho": -1,
      "shape": "Steady",
      "side": "Worse at the deprived end",
      "unit": "Mean ladder score (0 to 10)"
    },
    {
      "bins": 10,
      "chapter": "Place and the length of a life",
      "domain": "Health and care",
      "least": "9.1",
      "most": "22.8",
      "outcome": "Current smoking",
      "ranking": "Tenth of tracts by Area Deprivation Index (1 = least deprived, 10 = most deprived)",
      "rho": 1,
      "shape": "Steady",
      "side": "Worse at the deprived end",
      "unit": "Percent of adults"
    },
    {
      "bins": 10,
      "chapter": "Place and the length of a life",
      "domain": "Health and care",
      "least": "74.2",
      "most": "77.8",
      "outcome": "Annual checkup",
      "ranking": "Tenth of tracts by Area Deprivation Index (1 = least deprived, 10 = most deprived)",
      "rho": 1,
      "shape": "Steady",
      "side": "Better at the deprived end",
      "unit": "Percent of adults"
    },
    {
      "bins": 10,
      "chapter": "Multiple chronic conditions",
      "domain": "Health and care",
      "least": "0.5",
      "most": "5.7",
      "outcome": "Chronic conditions that are high",
      "ranking": "Tenth of tracts by ADI national percentile (1 = least deprived, 10 = most deprived)",
      "rho": 1,
      "shape": "Steady",
      "side": "Worse at the deprived end",
      "unit": "Mean number of high conditions (of nine)"
    },
    {
      "bins": 10,
      "chapter": "Disability, retirement and Medicare",
      "domain": "Health and care",
      "least": "23.3",
      "most": "42.9",
      "outcome": "Adult disability",
      "ranking": "Tenth of tracts by Area Deprivation Index (1 = least deprived, 10 = most deprived)",
      "rho": 1,
      "shape": "Steady",
      "side": "Worse at the deprived end",
      "unit": "Percent of adults"
    },
    {
      "bins": 10,
      "chapter": "Health behaviors and the supply of care",
      "domain": "Health and care",
      "least": "1,159",
      "most": "2,730",
      "outcome": "Residents per primary care physician",
      "ranking": "County deprivation decile (1 = least deprived, 10 = most deprived)",
      "rho": 1,
      "shape": "Steady",
      "side": "Worse at the deprived end",
      "unit": "Residents per provider"
    },
    {
      "bins": 5,
      "chapter": "Disability, retirement and Medicare",
      "domain": "Health and care",
      "least": "571",
      "most": "677",
      "outcome": "Emergency visits per Medicare beneficiary",
      "ranking": "Fifth of counties by ADI",
      "rho": 1,
      "shape": "Steady",
      "side": "No reading",
      "unit": "Visits per thousand beneficiaries per year"
    },
    {
      "bins": 10,
      "chapter": "Gun homicide and the causes of early death",
      "domain": "Early death",
      "least": "307",
      "most": "701",
      "outcome": "Premature death rate",
      "ranking": "Decile of the county area deprivation index (1 least deprived, 10 most deprived)",
      "rho": 1,
      "shape": "Steady",
      "side": "Worse at the deprived end",
      "unit": "Premature deaths per 100,000 residents, age-adjusted"
    },
    {
      "bins": 10,
      "chapter": "Overdose, alcohol and suicide",
      "domain": "Early death",
      "least": "23.8",
      "most": "31.1",
      "outcome": "Overdose death rate",
      "ranking": "Tenth of counties by Area Deprivation Index (1 = least deprived, 10 = most deprived)",
      "rho": 0.09,
      "shape": "Uneven",
      "side": "Worse at the deprived end",
      "unit": "Deaths per 100,000 residents"
    },
    {
      "bins": 10,
      "chapter": "Overdose, alcohol and suicide",
      "domain": "Early death",
      "least": "12.2",
      "most": "17.4",
      "outcome": "Suicide death rate",
      "ranking": "Tenth of counties by Area Deprivation Index (1 = least deprived, 10 = most deprived)",
      "rho": 0.81,
      "shape": "Uneven",
      "side": "Worse at the deprived end",
      "unit": "Deaths per 100,000 residents"
    },
    {
      "bins": 10,
      "chapter": "Overdose, alcohol and suicide",
      "domain": "Early death",
      "least": "4.8",
      "most": "13.6",
      "outcome": "Homicide death rate, counties",
      "ranking": "Tenth of counties by Area Deprivation Index (1 = least deprived, 10 = most deprived)",
      "rho": 0.47,
      "shape": "Uneven",
      "side": "Worse at the deprived end",
      "unit": "Deaths per 100,000 residents"
    },
    {
      "bins": 10,
      "chapter": "Violence and the life-expectancy gap",
      "domain": "Early death",
      "least": "1.8",
      "most": "14.8",
      "outcome": "Homicide death rate, tracts",
      "ranking": "Tenth of tracts by Area Deprivation Index (1 = least deprived, 10 = most deprived)",
      "rho": 1,
      "shape": "Steady",
      "side": "Worse at the deprived end",
      "unit": "Homicide deaths per 100,000 residents a year"
    },
    {
      "bins": 10,
      "chapter": "Place and the length of a life",
      "domain": "Early death",
      "least": "82.3",
      "most": "74.0",
      "outcome": "Life expectancy at birth",
      "ranking": "Tenth of places, means of the points by Area Deprivation Index national percentile (1 = least deprived, 100 = most deprived)",
      "rho": -1,
      "shape": "Steady",
      "side": "Worse at the deprived end",
      "unit": "Life expectancy at birth (years)"
    }
  ],
  "id": "pattern_table",
  "notes": [
    "Gender gaps in scores, the predicted teen birth share and emergency visits have no reading of better or worse and carry none.",
    "The district income tenths of the gender-gap rows run from the highest to the lowest income here, so that the first bin is the most advantaged, as in the other rows.",
    "Bins are tenths, fifths or quarters of places, as each chapter defines them; the units of the rows are named in the Unit column."
  ],
  "source": "Figures of the chapters named in each row, data years 1978 to 2024 as each chapter states; estimates as published there: full counts, crude rates, population-weighted means, unweighted survey means or modeled estimates.",
  "spec": {
    "columns": [
      {
        "key": "domain",
        "label": "Domain"
      },
      {
        "key": "outcome",
        "label": "Outcome"
      },
      {
        "key": "chapter",
        "label": "Chapter"
      },
      {
        "key": "least",
        "label": "Least deprived bin"
      },
      {
        "key": "most",
        "label": "Most deprived bin"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 2,
          "signed": true
        },
        "key": "rho",
        "label": "Rank correlation with bin order"
      },
      {
        "key": "shape",
        "label": "Pattern"
      },
      {
        "key": "side",
        "label": "More deprived end"
      },
      {
        "key": "bins",
        "label": "Bins"
      },
      {
        "key": "unit",
        "label": "Unit"
      },
      {
        "key": "ranking",
        "label": "Ranking"
      }
    ]
  },
  "subtitle": "One row per outcome: the mean in the least and the most deprived bin of the ranking its chapter uses, in that chapter's units, the rank correlation between bin order and bin mean, and the pattern under the rule in the methods",
  "title": "Of {fact:n_rows} outcome gradients, {fact:n_steady_worse} are steadily worse toward the more deprived end, {fact:n_better} are better there and {fact:n_flat} show no detectable difference between the ends",
  "type": "table",
  "width": "full"
}