{
  "alt": "Dumbbell chart of life expectancy, current smoking and the annual checkup, each end placed by its ratio to the national value on a log scale, with a tab row for the ranking (ADI or household income) and one for the places (all, the South, counties where at least {fact:split_black_cut} of residents are Black). In every view the two ends of life expectancy and of smoking sit on opposite sides of the line, the least deprived end longer-lived and smoking less, and the checkup stays close to the line. In the South and in those counties the life expectancy tick sits left of the line and the smoking tick right of it.",
  "caption": "Pick a ranking and a set of places. Read each row from the national line outward: the open dot is the least deprived tenth and the filled dot the most deprived tenth of the selected places, each tract keeping its national tenth. The dotted tick is all the selected places pooled, so a dot far from the line but close to the tick departs from the nation about as much as the selected places do.",
  "data": [
    {
      "domain": "Early death",
      "least": 1.045,
      "least_n": 7179,
      "least_value": "82.3",
      "most": 0.94,
      "most_n": 7206,
      "most_value": "74.0",
      "outcome": "Life expectancy at birth",
      "places": "All places",
      "ranking": "Area Deprivation Index",
      "rk": "adi",
      "sub": "all",
      "sub_value": "78.8",
      "tick": null,
      "unit": "Life expectancy at birth (years)",
      "us_value": "78.8"
    },
    {
      "domain": "Early death",
      "least": 1.045,
      "least_n": 928,
      "least_value": "82.3",
      "most": 0.939,
      "most_n": 3810,
      "most_value": "74.0",
      "outcome": "Life expectancy at birth",
      "places": "South",
      "ranking": "Area Deprivation Index",
      "rk": "adi",
      "sub": "south",
      "sub_value": "77.7",
      "tick": 0.986,
      "unit": "Life expectancy at birth (years)",
      "us_value": "78.8"
    },
    {
      "domain": "Early death",
      "least": 1.029,
      "least_n": 690,
      "least_value": "81.0",
      "most": 0.927,
      "most_n": 2040,
      "most_value": "73.0",
      "outcome": "Life expectancy at birth",
      "places": "Counties at least 25% Black",
      "ranking": "Area Deprivation Index",
      "rk": "adi",
      "sub": "black25",
      "sub_value": "77.0",
      "tick": 0.978,
      "unit": "Life expectancy at birth (years)",
      "us_value": "78.8"
    },
    {
      "domain": "Early death",
      "least": 1.044,
      "least_n": 7177,
      "least_value": "82.2",
      "most": 0.942,
      "most_n": 7178,
      "most_value": "74.2",
      "outcome": "Life expectancy at birth",
      "places": "All places",
      "ranking": "Median household income",
      "rk": "income",
      "sub": "all",
      "sub_value": "78.8",
      "tick": null,
      "unit": "Life expectancy at birth (years)",
      "us_value": "78.8"
    },
    {
      "domain": "Early death",
      "least": 1.035,
      "least_n": 1889,
      "least_value": "81.5",
      "most": 0.94,
      "most_n": 3939,
      "most_value": "74.0",
      "outcome": "Life expectancy at birth",
      "places": "South",
      "ranking": "Median household income",
      "rk": "income",
      "sub": "south",
      "sub_value": "77.7",
      "tick": 0.986,
      "unit": "Life expectancy at birth (years)",
      "us_value": "78.8"
    },
    {
      "domain": "Early death",
      "least": 1.033,
      "least_n": 655,
      "least_value": "81.4",
      "most": 0.93,
      "most_n": 2146,
      "most_value": "73.3",
      "outcome": "Life expectancy at birth",
      "places": "Counties at least 25% Black",
      "ranking": "Median household income",
      "rk": "income",
      "sub": "black25",
      "sub_value": "77.0",
      "tick": 0.978,
      "unit": "Life expectancy at birth (years)",
      "us_value": "78.8"
    },
    {
      "domain": "Health and care",
      "least": 0.618,
      "least_n": 7551,
      "least_value": "9.0",
      "most": 1.565,
      "most_n": 7543,
      "most_value": "22.7",
      "outcome": "Current smoking",
      "places": "All places",
      "ranking": "Area Deprivation Index",
      "rk": "adi",
      "sub": "all",
      "sub_value": "14.5",
      "tick": null,
      "unit": "Percent of adults",
      "us_value": "14.5"
    },
    {
      "domain": "Health and care",
      "least": 0.55,
      "least_n": 1012,
      "least_value": "8.0",
      "most": 1.543,
      "most_n": 4001,
      "most_value": "22.4",
      "outcome": "Current smoking",
      "places": "South",
      "ranking": "Area Deprivation Index",
      "rk": "adi",
      "sub": "south",
      "sub_value": "15.5",
      "tick": 1.067,
      "unit": "Percent of adults",
      "us_value": "14.5"
    },
    {
      "domain": "Health and care",
      "least": 0.729,
      "least_n": 715,
      "least_value": "10.6",
      "most": 1.615,
      "most_n": 2180,
      "most_value": "23.4",
      "outcome": "Current smoking",
      "places": "Counties at least 25% Black",
      "ranking": "Area Deprivation Index",
      "rk": "adi",
      "sub": "black25",
      "sub_value": "16.0",
      "tick": 1.1,
      "unit": "Percent of adults",
      "us_value": "14.5"
    },
    {
      "domain": "Health and care",
      "least": 0.6,
      "least_n": 7560,
      "least_value": "8.7",
      "most": 1.505,
      "most_n": 7559,
      "most_value": "21.8",
      "outcome": "Current smoking",
      "places": "All places",
      "ranking": "Median household income",
      "rk": "income",
      "sub": "all",
      "sub_value": "14.5",
      "tick": null,
      "unit": "Percent of adults",
      "us_value": "14.5"
    },
    {
      "domain": "Health and care",
      "least": 0.619,
      "least_n": 2039,
      "least_value": "9.0",
      "most": 1.503,
      "most_n": 4155,
      "most_value": "21.8",
      "outcome": "Current smoking",
      "places": "South",
      "ranking": "Median household income",
      "rk": "income",
      "sub": "south",
      "sub_value": "15.5",
      "tick": 1.067,
      "unit": "Percent of adults",
      "us_value": "14.5"
    },
    {
      "domain": "Health and care",
      "least": 0.596,
      "least_n": 687,
      "least_value": "8.6",
      "most": 1.57,
      "most_n": 2288,
      "most_value": "22.8",
      "outcome": "Current smoking",
      "places": "Counties at least 25% Black",
      "ranking": "Median household income",
      "rk": "income",
      "sub": "black25",
      "sub_value": "16.0",
      "tick": 1.1,
      "unit": "Percent of adults",
      "us_value": "14.5"
    },
    {
      "domain": "Health and care",
      "least": 0.979,
      "least_n": 7551,
      "least_value": "74.0",
      "most": 1.029,
      "most_n": 7543,
      "most_value": "77.8",
      "outcome": "Annual checkup",
      "places": "All places",
      "ranking": "Area Deprivation Index",
      "rk": "adi",
      "sub": "all",
      "sub_value": "75.6",
      "tick": null,
      "unit": "Percent of adults",
      "us_value": "75.6"
    },
    {
      "domain": "Health and care",
      "least": 1.012,
      "least_n": 1012,
      "least_value": "76.5",
      "most": 1.034,
      "most_n": 4001,
      "most_value": "78.1",
      "outcome": "Annual checkup",
      "places": "South",
      "ranking": "Area Deprivation Index",
      "rk": "adi",
      "sub": "south",
      "sub_value": "76.8",
      "tick": 1.016,
      "unit": "Percent of adults",
      "us_value": "75.6"
    },
    {
      "domain": "Health and care",
      "least": 0.996,
      "least_n": 715,
      "least_value": "75.2",
      "most": 1.067,
      "most_n": 2180,
      "most_value": "80.6",
      "outcome": "Annual checkup",
      "places": "Counties at least 25% Black",
      "ranking": "Area Deprivation Index",
      "rk": "adi",
      "sub": "black25",
      "sub_value": "78.1",
      "tick": 1.034,
      "unit": "Percent of adults",
      "us_value": "75.6"
    },
    {
      "domain": "Health and care",
      "least": 0.998,
      "least_n": 7560,
      "least_value": "75.4",
      "most": 1.017,
      "most_n": 7559,
      "most_value": "76.9",
      "outcome": "Annual checkup",
      "places": "All places",
      "ranking": "Median household income",
      "rk": "income",
      "sub": "all",
      "sub_value": "75.6",
      "tick": null,
      "unit": "Percent of adults",
      "us_value": "75.6"
    },
    {
      "domain": "Health and care",
      "least": 1.012,
      "least_n": 2039,
      "least_value": "76.4",
      "most": 1.03,
      "most_n": 4155,
      "most_value": "77.8",
      "outcome": "Annual checkup",
      "places": "South",
      "ranking": "Median household income",
      "rk": "income",
      "sub": "south",
      "sub_value": "76.8",
      "tick": 1.016,
      "unit": "Percent of adults",
      "us_value": "75.6"
    },
    {
      "domain": "Health and care",
      "least": 1.011,
      "least_n": 687,
      "least_value": "76.4",
      "most": 1.061,
      "most_n": 2288,
      "most_value": "80.2",
      "outcome": "Annual checkup",
      "places": "Counties at least 25% Black",
      "ranking": "Median household income",
      "rk": "income",
      "sub": "black25",
      "sub_value": "78.1",
      "tick": 1.034,
      "unit": "Percent of adults",
      "us_value": "75.6"
    }
  ],
  "id": "ends_splits",
  "notes": [
    "A prototype on the three outcomes of one chapter, Place and the length of a life, before the other rows of the chapter get the same treatment.",
    "Each tract keeps the tenth it holds among all tracts under the chosen ranking, so the ends mean the same level of deprivation or income in every set of places. Household income ranks tracts by ACS median household income, lowest income at the most deprived end.",
    "The places are the Census South region and counties where at least {fact:split_black_cut} of residents are Black alone (ACS county estimates). A tract takes the class of its county.",
    "All tracts with every ranking enter, so the values for all places can differ slightly from the chapter's figures, which use every tract with an ADI rank. Weights and intervals are the chapter's: adults for smoking and the checkup, residents for life expectancy, a bootstrap over counties."
  ],
  "source": "USALEEP life expectancy at birth, 2010-2015, and CDC PLACES 2024 (BRFSS 2022) via the chapter Place and the length of a life; ADI 2023 and ACS 2019-2023 tract and county tables; population- and adult-weighted means of modeled estimates",
  "spec": {
    "delta": false,
    "group": "domain",
    "label1": "Least deprived tenth",
    "label2": "Most deprived tenth",
    "n1": "least_n",
    "n2": "most_n",
    "reference": 1,
    "referenceLabel": "All places",
    "sort": "data",
    "tick": "tick",
    "tickLabel": "Selected places pooled",
    "x1": "least",
    "x2": "most",
    "xDomain": [
      0.2,
      4
    ],
    "xFormat": {
      "suffix": "×"
    },
    "xLabel": "End of the ranking divided by the value for all places (log scale)",
    "xScale": "log",
    "xTicks": [
      0.25,
      0.5,
      1,
      2,
      4
    ],
    "y": "outcome"
  },
  "subtitle": "Mean at each end of the ranking, among the selected places, divided by the value for all tracts of the comparison, on a log scale; the tick marks the selected places pooled",
  "table": {
    "columns": [
      {
        "key": "ranking",
        "label": "Ranking"
      },
      {
        "key": "places",
        "label": "Places"
      },
      {
        "key": "outcome",
        "label": "Outcome"
      },
      {
        "key": "least_value",
        "label": "Least deprived end"
      },
      {
        "key": "sub_value",
        "label": "Selected places pooled"
      },
      {
        "key": "us_value",
        "label": "All places pooled"
      },
      {
        "key": "most_value",
        "label": "Most deprived end"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 2
        },
        "key": "least",
        "label": "Least deprived end divided by all places"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 2
        },
        "key": "most",
        "label": "Most deprived end divided by all places"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 2
        },
        "key": "tick",
        "label": "Selected places divided by all places"
      },
      {
        "key": "least_n",
        "label": "Tracts at the least deprived end"
      },
      {
        "key": "most_n",
        "label": "Tracts at the most deprived end"
      },
      {
        "key": "unit",
        "label": "Unit"
      }
    ]
  },
  "title": "Under either ranking and in each set of places, the least deprived tenth of tracts lives longer and smokes less than all places together, and the most deprived tenth lives shorter and smokes more",
  "type": "dumbbell",
  "viewAxes": [
    {
      "id": "ranking",
      "label": "Ranking",
      "options": [
        {
          "id": "adi",
          "label": "ADI"
        },
        {
          "id": "income",
          "label": "Household income"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "places",
      "label": "Places",
      "options": [
        {
          "id": "all",
          "label": "All places"
        },
        {
          "id": "south",
          "label": "South"
        },
        {
          "id": "black25",
          "label": "Counties at least a quarter Black"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "views": [
    {
      "filter": {
        "rk": "adi",
        "sub": "all"
      },
      "id": "adi-all",
      "label": "ADI, All places"
    },
    {
      "filter": {
        "rk": "adi",
        "sub": "south"
      },
      "id": "adi-south",
      "label": "ADI, South"
    },
    {
      "filter": {
        "rk": "adi",
        "sub": "black25"
      },
      "id": "adi-black25",
      "label": "ADI, Counties at least a quarter Black"
    },
    {
      "filter": {
        "rk": "income",
        "sub": "all"
      },
      "id": "income-all",
      "label": "Household income, All places"
    },
    {
      "filter": {
        "rk": "income",
        "sub": "south"
      },
      "id": "income-south",
      "label": "Household income, South"
    },
    {
      "filter": {
        "rk": "income",
        "sub": "black25"
      },
      "id": "income-black25",
      "label": "Household income, Counties at least a quarter Black"
    }
  ],
  "width": "full"
}