{
  "alt": "A grid of smoking rates with four education levels as rows and five household income bands as columns. The rates are highest in the top row, adults who did not finish high school, where they fall least from the lowest band to the highest, and lowest in the bottom row, college graduates, where they fall from the lowest band to the highest.",
  "caption": "Smoking falls from top to bottom in every income band, and falls from left to right except in the top row: adults who did not finish high school smoke at {fact:smoke_nohs_poor} in the lowest band and {fact:smoke_nohs_rich} in the highest, while college graduates go from {fact:smoke_coll_poor} to {fact:smoke_coll_rich}. Each cell is a weighted share of adults, and the number printed is the estimate.",
  "data": [
    {
      "band": "Under $20K",
      "conf_high": 28.476,
      "conf_low": 27.467,
      "education": "Did not finish high school",
      "estimate": 27.9687,
      "n": 107166
    },
    {
      "band": "$20K to $35K",
      "conf_high": 25.198,
      "conf_low": 23.9842,
      "education": "Did not finish high school",
      "estimate": 24.586,
      "n": 69781
    },
    {
      "band": "$35K to $50K",
      "conf_high": 24.9635,
      "conf_low": 22.9104,
      "education": "Did not finish high school",
      "estimate": 23.9218,
      "n": 23739
    },
    {
      "band": "$50K to $75K",
      "conf_high": 27.7803,
      "conf_low": 25.0679,
      "education": "Did not finish high school",
      "estimate": 26.4018,
      "n": 13858
    },
    {
      "band": "$75K or more",
      "conf_high": 24.5134,
      "conf_low": 21.9049,
      "education": "Did not finish high school",
      "estimate": 23.1835,
      "n": 15060
    },
    {
      "band": "Under $20K",
      "conf_high": 27.6236,
      "conf_low": 26.8443,
      "education": "High school graduate",
      "estimate": 27.2322,
      "n": 208946
    },
    {
      "band": "$20K to $35K",
      "conf_high": 21.9862,
      "conf_low": 21.3424,
      "education": "High school graduate",
      "estimate": 21.6626,
      "n": 268241
    },
    {
      "band": "$35K to $50K",
      "conf_high": 19.6298,
      "conf_low": 18.8489,
      "education": "High school graduate",
      "estimate": 19.2363,
      "n": 162535
    },
    {
      "band": "$50K to $75K",
      "conf_high": 18.1516,
      "conf_low": 17.3691,
      "education": "High school graduate",
      "estimate": 17.757,
      "n": 143885
    },
    {
      "band": "$75K or more",
      "conf_high": 14.8457,
      "conf_low": 14.1943,
      "education": "High school graduate",
      "estimate": 14.5169,
      "n": 181529
    },
    {
      "band": "Under $20K",
      "conf_high": 24.8046,
      "conf_low": 23.9072,
      "education": "Some college",
      "estimate": 24.3531,
      "n": 144056
    },
    {
      "band": "$20K to $35K",
      "conf_high": 19.4607,
      "conf_low": 18.8074,
      "education": "Some college",
      "estimate": 19.1319,
      "n": 224209
    },
    {
      "band": "$35K to $50K",
      "conf_high": 16.7512,
      "conf_low": 16.04,
      "education": "Some college",
      "estimate": 16.3925,
      "n": 174273
    },
    {
      "band": "$50K to $75K",
      "conf_high": 14.5448,
      "conf_low": 13.9248,
      "education": "Some college",
      "estimate": 14.232,
      "n": 193584
    },
    {
      "band": "$75K or more",
      "conf_high": 11.0924,
      "conf_low": 10.6563,
      "education": "Some college",
      "estimate": 10.8724,
      "n": 309247
    },
    {
      "band": "Under $20K",
      "conf_high": 14.0647,
      "conf_low": 13.146,
      "education": "College graduate",
      "estimate": 13.5988,
      "n": 70037
    },
    {
      "band": "$20K to $35K",
      "conf_high": 11.2075,
      "conf_low": 10.5588,
      "education": "College graduate",
      "estimate": 10.8789,
      "n": 143684
    },
    {
      "band": "$35K to $50K",
      "conf_high": 8.70148,
      "conf_low": 8.17806,
      "education": "College graduate",
      "estimate": 8.43609,
      "n": 168202
    },
    {
      "band": "$50K to $75K",
      "conf_high": 7.18821,
      "conf_low": 6.79477,
      "education": "College graduate",
      "estimate": 6.98893,
      "n": 272154
    },
    {
      "band": "$75K or more",
      "conf_high": 4.53636,
      "conf_low": 4.36502,
      "education": "College graduate",
      "estimate": 4.4499,
      "n": 885429
    }
  ],
  "id": "smoking_by_education_and_income",
  "notes": [
    "Respondents who did not know their household income or declined to give it are left out of the bands, {fact:inc_missing} of adults. The five bands group the income categories that BRFSS used in every year. The categories are in nominal dollars, so the highest band holds {fact:top_share_14} of respondents who gave an income in 2014 and {fact:top_share_24} in 2024, and part of that shift is a step at the 2021 change in the income question.",
    "Intervals are 95% confidence intervals from the survey's stratum and primary sampling unit (design-based, Taylor linearization). No cell rests on fewer than {fact:cell_floor} respondents. The survey is a repeated cross-section of adults in the states and the District of Columbia; Guam, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands are not included.",
    "Current smoking is at least {fact:cigs_life} cigarettes in a lifetime and smoking every day or some days now. Education is the level the respondent completed; college includes technical school."
  ],
  "source": "BRFSS 2014-2024 public-use files, weighted (BRFSS final weight) with design-based intervals",
  "spec": {
    "col": "band",
    "colOrder": [
      "Under $20K",
      "$20K to $35K",
      "$35K to $50K",
      "$50K to $75K",
      "$75K or more"
    ],
    "hi": "conf_high",
    "lo": "conf_low",
    "n": "n",
    "row": "education",
    "rowOrder": [
      "Did not finish high school",
      "High school graduate",
      "Some college",
      "College graduate"
    ],
    "scale": {
      "domain": [
        0,
        30
      ],
      "type": "sequential"
    },
    "showValues": true,
    "value": "estimate",
    "valueFormat": {
      "digits": 1
    }
  },
  "subtitle": "Percent of adults who currently smoke by education level and household income band, BRFSS 2014 to 2024",
  "title": "Smoking is {fact:smoke_nohs_poor} among adults who did not finish high school in the lowest income band and {fact:smoke_coll_rich} among college graduates in the highest",
  "type": "heatmap",
  "width": "wide"
}