{
  "alt": "Dot plot with one row for each of six measures and two dots per row, one for women and one for men, on a horizontal axis of percentage points. The binge drinking dots lie right of zero. The dots for smoking, diabetes, inactivity and fair or poor health lie left of zero, the obesity dot for women lies well left of zero, and the obesity dot for men sits on zero.",
  "caption": "The women's and men's dots are far apart for obesity and close together for binge drinking and for fair or poor health, and only binge drinking lies right of zero. Each dot is the weighted rate in the highest of five income bands minus the weighted rate in the lowest, with a 95% confidence interval.",
  "data": [
    {
      "conf_high": 6.4737,
      "conf_low": 5.8283,
      "estimate": 6.151,
      "measure": "Binge drinking",
      "n": 876546,
      "sex": "Women"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 6.49829,
      "conf_low": 5.56357,
      "estimate": 6.03093,
      "measure": "Binge drinking",
      "n": 828442,
      "sex": "Men"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -15.5978,
      "conf_low": -16.2401,
      "estimate": -15.9189,
      "measure": "Current smoking",
      "n": 995501,
      "sex": "Women"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -19.2727,
      "conf_low": -20.1444,
      "estimate": -19.7085,
      "measure": "Current smoking",
      "n": 928501,
      "sex": "Men"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -13.9491,
      "conf_low": -14.8442,
      "estimate": -14.3967,
      "measure": "Obesity",
      "n": 945708,
      "sex": "Women"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.25767,
      "conf_low": -0.711943,
      "estimate": -0.227136,
      "measure": "Obesity",
      "n": 932569,
      "sex": "Men"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -11.46,
      "conf_low": -12.0723,
      "estimate": -11.7661,
      "measure": "Diabetes",
      "n": 1006571,
      "sex": "Women"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -8.16002,
      "conf_low": -8.88597,
      "estimate": -8.523,
      "measure": "Diabetes",
      "n": 952929,
      "sex": "Men"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -25.2957,
      "conf_low": -26.132,
      "estimate": -25.7138,
      "measure": "No leisure-time physical activity",
      "n": 1009313,
      "sex": "Women"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -22.1435,
      "conf_low": -23.0837,
      "estimate": -22.6136,
      "measure": "No leisure-time physical activity",
      "n": 939848,
      "sex": "Men"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -30.2542,
      "conf_low": -31.0248,
      "estimate": -30.6395,
      "measure": "Fair or poor health",
      "n": 1023026,
      "sex": "Women"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -29.2818,
      "conf_low": -30.1933,
      "estimate": -29.7376,
      "measure": "Fair or poor health",
      "n": 952294,
      "sex": "Men"
    }
  ],
  "id": "gradient_by_behavior_and_sex",
  "notes": [
    "Respondents who did not know their household income or declined to give it are left out of the bands, {fact:inc_missing} of adults. The five bands group the income categories that BRFSS used in every year. The categories are in nominal dollars, so the highest band holds {fact:top_share_14} of respondents who gave an income in 2014 and {fact:top_share_24} in 2024, and part of that shift is a step at the 2021 change in the income question.",
    "Intervals are 95% confidence intervals from the survey's stratum and primary sampling unit (design-based, Taylor linearization). No cell rests on fewer than {fact:cell_floor} respondents. The survey is a repeated cross-section of adults in the states and the District of Columbia; Guam, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands are not included.",
    "Obesity is a body mass index of {fact:bmi_cut} or more from self-reported height and weight. Diabetes is a diagnosis reported by the respondent: prediabetes counts as no diabetes, and respondents with diabetes only during pregnancy are left out of the denominator. Fair or poor health is the respondent's rating of general health."
  ],
  "source": "BRFSS 2014-2024 public-use files (binge drinking from 2015), weighted (BRFSS final weight) with design-based intervals",
  "spec": {
    "colors": {
      "Men": "male",
      "Women": "female"
    },
    "group": "sex",
    "hi": "conf_high",
    "lo": "conf_low",
    "n": "n",
    "reference": 0,
    "referenceLabel": "No difference",
    "sort": "data",
    "x": "estimate",
    "xDomain": [
      -36,
      12
    ],
    "xFormat": {
      "digits": 1
    },
    "xLabel": "Rate in the highest income band minus rate in the lowest (percentage points)",
    "y": "measure"
  },
  "subtitle": "Rate in the highest household income band minus the rate in the lowest, percentage points of adults, by measure and sex, BRFSS 2014 to 2024 (binge drinking 2015 to 2024)",
  "table": {
    "columns": [
      {
        "key": "measure",
        "label": "Measure"
      },
      {
        "key": "sex",
        "label": "Sex"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "estimate",
        "label": "Difference (points)"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "conf_low",
        "label": "Lower limit of the 95% interval"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "conf_high",
        "label": "Upper limit of the 95% interval"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "thousands": true
        },
        "key": "n",
        "label": "Respondents in the two bands"
      }
    ]
  },
  "title": "The obesity difference between the highest and the lowest income band is {fact:grad_obese_women} points for women and {fact:grad_obese_men} for men",
  "type": "dot"
}