{
  "alt": "Line chart of four behaviors against household income, from the lowest band on the left to the highest on the right. The binge drinking line climbs; the lines for current smoking, obesity and no leisure-time physical activity descend, and the physical inactivity line falls furthest.",
  "caption": "Binge drinking is the one line that rises from the lowest band to the highest, and the other three lines fall at every step. Each line plots the weighted share of adults with the behavior in each band; the bands around the lines are 95% confidence intervals, narrow because every cell holds hundreds of thousands of respondents. The rise is an average: the race and ethnicity tab of the within-groups figure shows where it is absent. The second view splits the highest band into four for 2021 to 2024, the years in which BRFSS recorded those categories.",
  "data": [
    {
      "band": "Under $20K",
      "behavior": "Binge drinking",
      "conf_high": 13.4971,
      "conf_low": 13.0405,
      "estimate": 13.2671,
      "n": 450791,
      "view": "five",
      "x": 1
    },
    {
      "band": "$20K to $35K",
      "behavior": "Binge drinking",
      "conf_high": 14.8482,
      "conf_low": 14.4374,
      "estimate": 14.6416,
      "n": 614141,
      "view": "five",
      "x": 2
    },
    {
      "band": "$35K to $50K",
      "behavior": "Binge drinking",
      "conf_high": 16.4241,
      "conf_low": 15.9406,
      "estimate": 16.1809,
      "n": 464109,
      "view": "five",
      "x": 3
    },
    {
      "band": "$50K to $75K",
      "behavior": "Binge drinking",
      "conf_high": 17.8502,
      "conf_low": 17.4032,
      "estimate": 17.6255,
      "n": 553063,
      "view": "five",
      "x": 4
    },
    {
      "band": "$75K or more",
      "behavior": "Binge drinking",
      "conf_high": 20.5957,
      "conf_low": 20.293,
      "estimate": 20.4439,
      "n": 1254573,
      "view": "five",
      "x": 5
    },
    {
      "band": "Under $20K",
      "behavior": "Binge drinking",
      "conf_high": 12.9303,
      "conf_low": 12.0461,
      "estimate": 12.4815,
      "n": 121580,
      "view": "eight",
      "x": 1
    },
    {
      "band": "$20K to $35K",
      "behavior": "Binge drinking",
      "conf_high": 14.1136,
      "conf_low": 13.4475,
      "estimate": 13.7772,
      "n": 222223,
      "view": "eight",
      "x": 2
    },
    {
      "band": "$35K to $50K",
      "behavior": "Binge drinking",
      "conf_high": 15.1563,
      "conf_low": 14.3954,
      "estimate": 14.7718,
      "n": 176553,
      "view": "eight",
      "x": 3
    },
    {
      "band": "$50K to $75K",
      "behavior": "Binge drinking",
      "conf_high": 16.6498,
      "conf_low": 15.9614,
      "estimate": 16.3027,
      "n": 221026,
      "view": "eight",
      "x": 4
    },
    {
      "band": "$75K to $100K",
      "behavior": "Binge drinking",
      "conf_high": 18.6279,
      "conf_low": 17.7999,
      "estimate": 18.2102,
      "n": 184694,
      "view": "eight",
      "x": 5
    },
    {
      "band": "$100K to $150K",
      "behavior": "Binge drinking",
      "conf_high": 20.1276,
      "conf_low": 19.3655,
      "estimate": 19.7438,
      "n": 193860,
      "view": "eight",
      "x": 6
    },
    {
      "band": "$150K to $200K",
      "behavior": "Binge drinking",
      "conf_high": 21.8222,
      "conf_low": 20.7032,
      "estimate": 21.2573,
      "n": 87864,
      "view": "eight",
      "x": 7
    },
    {
      "band": "$200K or more",
      "behavior": "Binge drinking",
      "conf_high": 22.6388,
      "conf_low": 21.5002,
      "estimate": 22.0642,
      "n": 93005,
      "view": "eight",
      "x": 8
    },
    {
      "band": "Under $20K",
      "behavior": "Current smoking",
      "conf_high": 25.8977,
      "conf_low": 25.4121,
      "estimate": 25.6541,
      "n": 531816,
      "view": "five",
      "x": 1
    },
    {
      "band": "$20K to $35K",
      "behavior": "Current smoking",
      "conf_high": 20.2778,
      "conf_low": 19.8785,
      "estimate": 20.0774,
      "n": 707394,
      "view": "five",
      "x": 2
    },
    {
      "band": "$35K to $50K",
      "behavior": "Current smoking",
      "conf_high": 16.6737,
      "conf_low": 16.2401,
      "estimate": 16.4558,
      "n": 529537,
      "view": "five",
      "x": 3
    },
    {
      "band": "$50K to $75K",
      "behavior": "Current smoking",
      "conf_high": 13.817,
      "conf_low": 13.4499,
      "estimate": 13.6324,
      "n": 624088,
      "view": "five",
      "x": 4
    },
    {
      "band": "$75K or more",
      "behavior": "Current smoking",
      "conf_high": 8.59318,
      "conf_low": 8.38933,
      "estimate": 8.4907,
      "n": 1392590,
      "view": "five",
      "x": 5
    },
    {
      "band": "Under $20K",
      "behavior": "Current smoking",
      "conf_high": 23.9163,
      "conf_low": 22.9251,
      "estimate": 23.4171,
      "n": 126031,
      "view": "eight",
      "x": 1
    },
    {
      "band": "$20K to $35K",
      "behavior": "Current smoking",
      "conf_high": 18.4776,
      "conf_low": 17.8018,
      "estimate": 18.1373,
      "n": 229441,
      "view": "eight",
      "x": 2
    },
    {
      "band": "$35K to $50K",
      "behavior": "Current smoking",
      "conf_high": 14.9633,
      "conf_low": 14.2553,
      "estimate": 14.6058,
      "n": 181626,
      "view": "eight",
      "x": 3
    },
    {
      "band": "$50K to $75K",
      "behavior": "Current smoking",
      "conf_high": 12.3578,
      "conf_low": 11.7755,
      "estimate": 12.0636,
      "n": 226612,
      "view": "eight",
      "x": 4
    },
    {
      "band": "$75K to $100K",
      "behavior": "Current smoking",
      "conf_high": 9.9795,
      "conf_low": 9.36082,
      "estimate": 9.66574,
      "n": 189175,
      "view": "eight",
      "x": 5
    },
    {
      "band": "$100K to $150K",
      "behavior": "Current smoking",
      "conf_high": 8.10304,
      "conf_low": 7.58338,
      "estimate": 7.83927,
      "n": 198439,
      "view": "eight",
      "x": 6
    },
    {
      "band": "$150K to $200K",
      "behavior": "Current smoking",
      "conf_high": 6.43647,
      "conf_low": 5.75669,
      "estimate": 6.08771,
      "n": 89948,
      "view": "eight",
      "x": 7
    },
    {
      "band": "$200K or more",
      "behavior": "Current smoking",
      "conf_high": 4.55774,
      "conf_low": 4.01033,
      "estimate": 4.27567,
      "n": 95390,
      "view": "eight",
      "x": 8
    },
    {
      "band": "Under $20K",
      "behavior": "Obesity",
      "conf_high": 36.2891,
      "conf_low": 35.7139,
      "estimate": 36.001,
      "n": 512939,
      "view": "five",
      "x": 1
    },
    {
      "band": "$20K to $35K",
      "behavior": "Obesity",
      "conf_high": 34.7285,
      "conf_low": 34.2319,
      "estimate": 34.4798,
      "n": 687969,
      "view": "five",
      "x": 2
    },
    {
      "band": "$35K to $50K",
      "behavior": "Obesity",
      "conf_high": 33.7014,
      "conf_low": 33.144,
      "estimate": 33.4221,
      "n": 516714,
      "view": "five",
      "x": 3
    },
    {
      "band": "$50K to $75K",
      "behavior": "Obesity",
      "conf_high": 33.2418,
      "conf_low": 32.7304,
      "estimate": 32.9856,
      "n": 609779,
      "view": "five",
      "x": 4
    },
    {
      "band": "$75K or more",
      "behavior": "Obesity",
      "conf_high": 28.6067,
      "conf_low": 28.2889,
      "estimate": 28.4476,
      "n": 1365694,
      "view": "five",
      "x": 5
    },
    {
      "band": "Under $20K",
      "behavior": "Obesity",
      "conf_high": 38.471,
      "conf_low": 37.2559,
      "estimate": 37.8615,
      "n": 121701,
      "view": "eight",
      "x": 1
    },
    {
      "band": "$20K to $35K",
      "behavior": "Obesity",
      "conf_high": 37.2824,
      "conf_low": 36.3915,
      "estimate": 36.8358,
      "n": 223523,
      "view": "eight",
      "x": 2
    },
    {
      "band": "$35K to $50K",
      "behavior": "Obesity",
      "conf_high": 36.1887,
      "conf_low": 35.2073,
      "estimate": 35.6965,
      "n": 177690,
      "view": "eight",
      "x": 3
    },
    {
      "band": "$50K to $75K",
      "behavior": "Obesity",
      "conf_high": 35.8457,
      "conf_low": 34.9727,
      "estimate": 35.408,
      "n": 222115,
      "view": "eight",
      "x": 4
    },
    {
      "band": "$75K to $100K",
      "behavior": "Obesity",
      "conf_high": 34.4943,
      "conf_low": 33.5412,
      "estimate": 34.0161,
      "n": 185249,
      "view": "eight",
      "x": 5
    },
    {
      "band": "$100K to $150K",
      "behavior": "Obesity",
      "conf_high": 33.8473,
      "conf_low": 32.94,
      "estimate": 33.3921,
      "n": 194989,
      "view": "eight",
      "x": 6
    },
    {
      "band": "$150K to $200K",
      "behavior": "Obesity",
      "conf_high": 30.7748,
      "conf_low": 29.4747,
      "estimate": 30.1208,
      "n": 88636,
      "view": "eight",
      "x": 7
    },
    {
      "band": "$200K or more",
      "behavior": "Obesity",
      "conf_high": 23.7937,
      "conf_low": 22.6901,
      "estimate": 23.2373,
      "n": 94433,
      "view": "eight",
      "x": 8
    },
    {
      "band": "Under $20K",
      "behavior": "No leisure-time physical activity",
      "conf_high": 38.4898,
      "conf_low": 37.9193,
      "estimate": 38.2042,
      "n": 537736,
      "view": "five",
      "x": 1
    },
    {
      "band": "$20K to $35K",
      "behavior": "No leisure-time physical activity",
      "conf_high": 32.4571,
      "conf_low": 31.9808,
      "estimate": 32.2185,
      "n": 718497,
      "view": "five",
      "x": 2
    },
    {
      "band": "$35K to $50K",
      "behavior": "No leisure-time physical activity",
      "conf_high": 26.3166,
      "conf_low": 25.7998,
      "estimate": 26.0574,
      "n": 536832,
      "view": "five",
      "x": 3
    },
    {
      "band": "$50K to $75K",
      "behavior": "No leisure-time physical activity",
      "conf_high": 21.2805,
      "conf_low": 20.8317,
      "estimate": 21.0553,
      "n": 632292,
      "view": "five",
      "x": 4
    },
    {
      "band": "$75K or more",
      "behavior": "No leisure-time physical activity",
      "conf_high": 13.7479,
      "conf_low": 13.5019,
      "estimate": 13.6244,
      "n": 1411844,
      "view": "five",
      "x": 5
    },
    {
      "band": "Under $20K",
      "behavior": "No leisure-time physical activity",
      "conf_high": 39.9767,
      "conf_low": 38.7808,
      "estimate": 39.3771,
      "n": 131164,
      "view": "eight",
      "x": 1
    },
    {
      "band": "$20K to $35K",
      "behavior": "No leisure-time physical activity",
      "conf_high": 33.8316,
      "conf_low": 32.9884,
      "estimate": 33.4087,
      "n": 238962,
      "view": "eight",
      "x": 2
    },
    {
      "band": "$35K to $50K",
      "behavior": "No leisure-time physical activity",
      "conf_high": 27.6461,
      "conf_low": 26.747,
      "estimate": 27.1942,
      "n": 188133,
      "view": "eight",
      "x": 3
    },
    {
      "band": "$50K to $75K",
      "behavior": "No leisure-time physical activity",
      "conf_high": 21.7156,
      "conf_low": 20.9718,
      "estimate": 21.3413,
      "n": 233764,
      "view": "eight",
      "x": 4
    },
    {
      "band": "$75K to $100K",
      "behavior": "No leisure-time physical activity",
      "conf_high": 17.9115,
      "conf_low": 17.1331,
      "estimate": 17.5189,
      "n": 194948,
      "view": "eight",
      "x": 5
    },
    {
      "band": "$100K to $150K",
      "behavior": "No leisure-time physical activity",
      "conf_high": 13.8573,
      "conf_low": 13.2079,
      "estimate": 13.5293,
      "n": 204250,
      "view": "eight",
      "x": 6
    },
    {
      "band": "$150K to $200K",
      "behavior": "No leisure-time physical activity",
      "conf_high": 11.3796,
      "conf_low": 10.4905,
      "estimate": 10.9271,
      "n": 92704,
      "view": "eight",
      "x": 7
    },
    {
      "band": "$200K or more",
      "behavior": "No leisure-time physical activity",
      "conf_high": 8.45592,
      "conf_low": 7.66774,
      "estimate": 8.05304,
      "n": 98299,
      "view": "eight",
      "x": 8
    }
  ],
  "id": "behaviors_by_income",
  "notes": [
    "Respondents who did not know their household income or declined to give it are left out of the bands, {fact:inc_missing} of adults. The five bands group the income categories that BRFSS used in every year. The categories are in nominal dollars, so the highest band holds {fact:top_share_14} of respondents who gave an income in 2014 and {fact:top_share_24} in 2024, and part of that shift is a step at the 2021 change in the income question.",
    "Intervals are 95% confidence intervals from the survey's stratum and primary sampling unit (design-based, Taylor linearization). No cell rests on fewer than {fact:cell_floor} respondents. The survey is a repeated cross-section of adults in the states and the District of Columbia; Guam, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands are not included.",
    "Every measure is self-reported by telephone. Estimates describe the people who answered, and BRFSS geography stops at the state, so they say nothing about tracts."
  ],
  "source": "BRFSS 2014-2024 public-use files (binge drinking from 2015), weighted (BRFSS final weight) with design-based intervals",
  "spec": {
    "bandSeries": [
      "Binge drinking",
      "Current smoking",
      "Obesity",
      "No leisure-time physical activity"
    ],
    "colors": {
      "Binge drinking": "highlight",
      "Current smoking": "cat1",
      "No leisure-time physical activity": "cat4",
      "Obesity": "cat2"
    },
    "hi": "conf_high",
    "lo": "conf_low",
    "n": "n",
    "series": "behavior",
    "x": "x",
    "xDomain": [
      1,
      5
    ],
    "xLabel": "Household income band",
    "xTicks": [
      {
        "label": "Under $20K",
        "value": 1
      },
      {
        "label": "$20K to $35K",
        "value": 2
      },
      {
        "label": "$35K to $50K",
        "value": 3
      },
      {
        "label": "$50K to $75K",
        "value": 4
      },
      {
        "label": "$75K or more",
        "value": 5
      }
    ],
    "y": "estimate",
    "yDomain": [
      0,
      45
    ],
    "yFormat": {
      "digits": 1
    },
    "yLabel": "Adults with the behavior (%)"
  },
  "subtitle": "Percent of adults in the states and DC with each behavior, by household income band, BRFSS 2015 to 2024 for binge drinking and 2014 to 2024 for the other three, with 95% confidence intervals",
  "table": {
    "columns": [
      {
        "key": "behavior",
        "label": "Behavior"
      },
      {
        "key": "band",
        "label": "Income band"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "estimate",
        "label": "Percent of adults"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "conf_low",
        "label": "Lower limit of the 95% interval"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "conf_high",
        "label": "Upper limit of the 95% interval"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "thousands": true
        },
        "key": "n",
        "label": "Respondents"
      }
    ]
  },
  "title": "Binge drinking rose from {fact:binge_poor} to {fact:binge_rich} of adults across the five income bands while smoking, obesity and inactivity fell",
  "type": "line",
  "views": [
    {
      "filter": {
        "view": "five"
      },
      "id": "five",
      "label": "Five income bands, 2014 to 2024"
    },
    {
      "caption": "With four bands in place of one at the top, binge drinking still rises at every step and smoking falls at every step. Obesity also falls at every step and falls most into the highest band, to {fact:obese8_top} from {fact:obese8_150} in the one below. Lines plot weighted shares of adults, 2021 to 2024, with 95% confidence intervals.",
      "filter": {
        "view": "eight"
      },
      "id": "eight",
      "label": "Eight income bands, 2021 to 2024",
      "spec": {
        "xDomain": [
          1,
          8
        ],
        "xLabel": "Household income band (finer top bands, 2021 to 2024 only)",
        "xTicks": [
          {
            "label": "Under $20K",
            "value": 1
          },
          {
            "label": "$20K to $35K",
            "value": 2
          },
          {
            "label": "$35K to $50K",
            "value": 3
          },
          {
            "label": "$50K to $75K",
            "value": 4
          },
          {
            "label": "$75K to $100K",
            "value": 5
          },
          {
            "label": "$100K to $150K",
            "value": 6
          },
          {
            "label": "$150K to $200K",
            "value": 7
          },
          {
            "label": "$200K or more",
            "value": 8
          }
        ]
      },
      "title": "Across the four bands that split the old top category, binge drinking rose from {fact:binge8_75} to {fact:binge8_top} while smoking fell from {fact:smoke8_75} to {fact:smoke8_top}"
    }
  ]
}