{
  "alt": "Dot plot of eight slopes, two in each of four rows named for the comparison made. The annual checkup dots are close to the zero line in every row. The dental visit dots lie well to the left of zero in every row, and no dental interval comes near zero.",
  "caption": "The checkup dots lie close to the zero line in every row and the dental dots lie well to its left in every row, so the contrast does not depend on how places are compared. Each dot is a population-weighted slope across tracts with a 95% interval that uses counties as clusters; the rows differ in what is held fixed.",
  "data": [
    {
      "conf_high": 0.541,
      "conf_low": 0.287,
      "estimate": 0.414,
      "measure": "Annual checkup",
      "n": 82779,
      "specification": "All tracts"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -2.078,
      "conf_low": -2.665,
      "estimate": -2.371,
      "measure": "Dental visit",
      "n": 82779,
      "specification": "All tracts"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.054,
      "conf_low": -0.08,
      "estimate": -0.013,
      "measure": "Annual checkup",
      "n": 82779,
      "specification": "Within states"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -2.805,
      "conf_low": -3.143,
      "estimate": -2.974,
      "measure": "Dental visit",
      "n": 82779,
      "specification": "Within states"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -0.19,
      "conf_low": -0.348,
      "estimate": -0.269,
      "measure": "Annual checkup",
      "n": 82779,
      "specification": "Within counties"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -3.734,
      "conf_low": -3.991,
      "estimate": -3.863,
      "measure": "Dental visit",
      "n": 82779,
      "specification": "Within counties"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.006,
      "conf_low": -0.1,
      "estimate": -0.047,
      "measure": "Annual checkup",
      "n": 82779,
      "specification": "Within states, with age and race controls"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -2.24,
      "conf_low": -2.512,
      "estimate": -2.376,
      "measure": "Dental visit",
      "n": 82779,
      "specification": "Within states, with age and race controls"
    }
  ],
  "id": "checkup_specifications",
  "notes": [
    "Within states and within counties, the comparison is between tracts of one state or county, with a separate baseline for each. The last row also holds constant the tract shares of residents who are ages 65 and over, Black alone and Hispanic. The standard error treats the tracts of a county as one cluster.",
    "PLACES values are modeled estimates. They are built from BRFSS survey responses with census and American Community Survey inputs (county poverty, the age, sex, race and ethnicity of each tract's residents, and education), with state and county random effects, and the Area Deprivation Index is built from American Community Survey data too, so part of each gradient here is mechanical. Within a county, tract values differ through the demographic composition of tracts. The tract file has no intervals; the bands are 95% intervals for the weighted mean from a bootstrap over counties (replicates and seed in the methods note)."
  ],
  "source": "CDC PLACES 2024 release (BRFSS 2022) and Area Deprivation Index 2023; modeled estimates, population-weighted (adults in each tract)",
  "spec": {
    "colors": {
      "Annual checkup": "accent",
      "Dental visit": "highlight"
    },
    "group": "measure",
    "hi": "conf_high",
    "lo": "conf_low",
    "n": "n",
    "reference": 0,
    "referenceLabel": "No difference",
    "sort": "data",
    "x": "estimate",
    "xDomain": [
      -5,
      2
    ],
    "xFormat": {
      "digits": 2,
      "signed": true
    },
    "xLabel": "Points of prevalence per ten-point step in the ADI national percentile",
    "y": "specification"
  },
  "subtitle": "Slope of tract prevalence on the Area Deprivation Index national percentile, points of prevalence per ten percentiles, adults, four specifications, 2022",
  "title": "The checkup slope is within {fact:cat_band} points of zero in all four specifications, and the dental slope is between {fact:spec_dental_all} and {fact:spec_dental_county} points",
  "type": "dot",
  "width": "wide"
}