{
  "alt": "Two dot plots side by side with one row per state and the District of Columbia, on a shared horizontal axis. In the dental visit panel every dot lies left of zero, and {fact:cat_dental_signeg} of {fact:cat_n_states} intervals do too. In the annual checkup panel the dots lie close to zero on both sides, with some intervals clearly above or below it.",
  "caption": "Every dental dot lies left of zero, and the checkup dots cluster around zero on the same scale. Each dot is one state's population-weighted slope across its tracts, with a 95% interval that uses counties as clusters; rows are sorted from the lowest slope to the highest within each panel.",
  "data": [
    {
      "conf_high": 0.287,
      "conf_low": -0.038,
      "estimate": 0.124,
      "measure": "Annual checkup",
      "n": 1421,
      "state": "AL"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -3.48,
      "conf_low": -3.997,
      "estimate": -3.739,
      "measure": "Dental visit",
      "n": 1421,
      "state": "AL"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -0.261,
      "conf_low": -0.862,
      "estimate": -0.561,
      "measure": "Annual checkup",
      "n": 172,
      "state": "AK"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -3.067,
      "conf_low": -4.311,
      "estimate": -3.689,
      "measure": "Dental visit",
      "n": 172,
      "state": "AK"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -0.227,
      "conf_low": -0.62,
      "estimate": -0.423,
      "measure": "Annual checkup",
      "n": 1723,
      "state": "AZ"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -3.066,
      "conf_low": -3.862,
      "estimate": -3.464,
      "measure": "Dental visit",
      "n": 1723,
      "state": "AZ"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.808,
      "conf_low": 0.004,
      "estimate": 0.406,
      "measure": "Annual checkup",
      "n": 818,
      "state": "AR"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -3.021,
      "conf_low": -4.222,
      "estimate": -3.622,
      "measure": "Dental visit",
      "n": 818,
      "state": "AR"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -0.276,
      "conf_low": -0.857,
      "estimate": -0.566,
      "measure": "Annual checkup",
      "n": 8982,
      "state": "CA"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -3.362,
      "conf_low": -4.113,
      "estimate": -3.738,
      "measure": "Dental visit",
      "n": 8982,
      "state": "CA"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.182,
      "conf_low": -0.677,
      "estimate": -0.248,
      "measure": "Annual checkup",
      "n": 1420,
      "state": "CO"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -2.955,
      "conf_low": -3.815,
      "estimate": -3.385,
      "measure": "Dental visit",
      "n": 1420,
      "state": "CO"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -0.135,
      "conf_low": -0.604,
      "estimate": -0.369,
      "measure": "Annual checkup",
      "n": 872,
      "state": "CT"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -2.672,
      "conf_low": -4.465,
      "estimate": -3.569,
      "measure": "Dental visit",
      "n": 872,
      "state": "CT"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -0.197,
      "conf_low": -0.605,
      "estimate": -0.401,
      "measure": "Annual checkup",
      "n": 253,
      "state": "DE"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -3.362,
      "conf_low": -4.098,
      "estimate": -3.73,
      "measure": "Dental visit",
      "n": 253,
      "state": "DE"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 2.108,
      "conf_low": 1.318,
      "estimate": 1.713,
      "measure": "Annual checkup",
      "n": 201,
      "state": "DC"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -5.567,
      "conf_low": -7.377,
      "estimate": -6.472,
      "measure": "Dental visit",
      "n": 201,
      "state": "DC"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.188,
      "conf_low": -0.244,
      "estimate": -0.028,
      "measure": "Annual checkup",
      "n": 5034,
      "state": "FL"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -2.592,
      "conf_low": -3.242,
      "estimate": -2.917,
      "measure": "Dental visit",
      "n": 5034,
      "state": "FL"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.604,
      "conf_low": 0.14,
      "estimate": 0.372,
      "measure": "Annual checkup",
      "n": 2767,
      "state": "GA"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -3.092,
      "conf_low": -3.425,
      "estimate": -3.259,
      "measure": "Dental visit",
      "n": 2767,
      "state": "GA"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -0.061,
      "conf_low": -0.477,
      "estimate": -0.269,
      "measure": "Annual checkup",
      "n": 414,
      "state": "HI"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -2.455,
      "conf_low": -3.313,
      "estimate": -2.884,
      "measure": "Dental visit",
      "n": 414,
      "state": "HI"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -0.009,
      "conf_low": -1.125,
      "estimate": -0.567,
      "measure": "Annual checkup",
      "n": 453,
      "state": "ID"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -1.345,
      "conf_low": -3.507,
      "estimate": -2.426,
      "measure": "Dental visit",
      "n": 453,
      "state": "ID"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.631,
      "conf_low": -0.232,
      "estimate": 0.199,
      "measure": "Annual checkup",
      "n": 3239,
      "state": "IL"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -2.338,
      "conf_low": -3.086,
      "estimate": -2.712,
      "measure": "Dental visit",
      "n": 3239,
      "state": "IL"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -0.035,
      "conf_low": -0.262,
      "estimate": -0.149,
      "measure": "Annual checkup",
      "n": 1671,
      "state": "IN"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -3.12,
      "conf_low": -3.827,
      "estimate": -3.473,
      "measure": "Dental visit",
      "n": 1671,
      "state": "IN"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.241,
      "conf_low": -0.148,
      "estimate": 0.047,
      "measure": "Annual checkup",
      "n": 887,
      "state": "IA"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -2.407,
      "conf_low": -3.122,
      "estimate": -2.765,
      "measure": "Dental visit",
      "n": 887,
      "state": "IA"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -0.075,
      "conf_low": -0.353,
      "estimate": -0.214,
      "measure": "Annual checkup",
      "n": 811,
      "state": "KS"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -2.67,
      "conf_low": -3.474,
      "estimate": -3.072,
      "measure": "Dental visit",
      "n": 811,
      "state": "KS"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -0.028,
      "conf_low": -0.136,
      "estimate": -0.082,
      "measure": "Annual checkup",
      "n": 1285,
      "state": "KY"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -3.352,
      "conf_low": -3.867,
      "estimate": -3.61,
      "measure": "Dental visit",
      "n": 1285,
      "state": "KY"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.488,
      "conf_low": 0.144,
      "estimate": 0.316,
      "measure": "Annual checkup",
      "n": 1352,
      "state": "LA"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -3.523,
      "conf_low": -4.381,
      "estimate": -3.952,
      "measure": "Dental visit",
      "n": 1352,
      "state": "LA"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.492,
      "conf_low": -0.013,
      "estimate": 0.239,
      "measure": "Annual checkup",
      "n": 399,
      "state": "ME"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -2.429,
      "conf_low": -2.954,
      "estimate": -2.691,
      "measure": "Dental visit",
      "n": 399,
      "state": "ME"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.577,
      "conf_low": 0.043,
      "estimate": 0.31,
      "measure": "Annual checkup",
      "n": 1451,
      "state": "MD"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -3.079,
      "conf_low": -3.735,
      "estimate": -3.407,
      "measure": "Dental visit",
      "n": 1451,
      "state": "MD"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.696,
      "conf_low": -0.341,
      "estimate": 0.177,
      "measure": "Annual checkup",
      "n": 1576,
      "state": "MA"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -2.09,
      "conf_low": -3.892,
      "estimate": -2.991,
      "measure": "Dental visit",
      "n": 1576,
      "state": "MA"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.273,
      "conf_low": -0.206,
      "estimate": 0.034,
      "measure": "Annual checkup",
      "n": 2872,
      "state": "MI"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -2.624,
      "conf_low": -3.821,
      "estimate": -3.222,
      "measure": "Dental visit",
      "n": 2872,
      "state": "MI"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.025,
      "conf_low": -0.332,
      "estimate": -0.154,
      "measure": "Annual checkup",
      "n": 1492,
      "state": "MN"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -2.266,
      "conf_low": -3.087,
      "estimate": -2.677,
      "measure": "Dental visit",
      "n": 1492,
      "state": "MN"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.6,
      "conf_low": 0.173,
      "estimate": 0.387,
      "measure": "Annual checkup",
      "n": 867,
      "state": "MS"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -1.434,
      "conf_low": -1.876,
      "estimate": -1.655,
      "measure": "Dental visit",
      "n": 867,
      "state": "MS"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.092,
      "conf_low": -0.3,
      "estimate": -0.104,
      "measure": "Annual checkup",
      "n": 1641,
      "state": "MO"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -3.254,
      "conf_low": -3.679,
      "estimate": -3.467,
      "measure": "Dental visit",
      "n": 1641,
      "state": "MO"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.947,
      "conf_low": -0.482,
      "estimate": 0.232,
      "measure": "Annual checkup",
      "n": 316,
      "state": "MT"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -1.912,
      "conf_low": -2.947,
      "estimate": -2.429,
      "measure": "Dental visit",
      "n": 316,
      "state": "MT"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -0.204,
      "conf_low": -0.497,
      "estimate": -0.35,
      "measure": "Annual checkup",
      "n": 547,
      "state": "NE"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -2.598,
      "conf_low": -3.777,
      "estimate": -3.188,
      "measure": "Dental visit",
      "n": 547,
      "state": "NE"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -0.251,
      "conf_low": -0.963,
      "estimate": -0.607,
      "measure": "Annual checkup",
      "n": 767,
      "state": "NV"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -3.171,
      "conf_low": -4.511,
      "estimate": -3.841,
      "measure": "Dental visit",
      "n": 767,
      "state": "NV"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -0.002,
      "conf_low": -1.059,
      "estimate": -0.53,
      "measure": "Annual checkup",
      "n": 346,
      "state": "NH"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -2.228,
      "conf_low": -3.102,
      "estimate": -2.665,
      "measure": "Dental visit",
      "n": 346,
      "state": "NH"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.441,
      "conf_low": -0.353,
      "estimate": 0.044,
      "measure": "Annual checkup",
      "n": 2155,
      "state": "NJ"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -2.61,
      "conf_low": -4.183,
      "estimate": -3.397,
      "measure": "Dental visit",
      "n": 2155,
      "state": "NJ"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -0.335,
      "conf_low": -0.969,
      "estimate": -0.652,
      "measure": "Annual checkup",
      "n": 595,
      "state": "NM"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -3.232,
      "conf_low": -4.19,
      "estimate": -3.711,
      "measure": "Dental visit",
      "n": 595,
      "state": "NM"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.446,
      "conf_low": -0.068,
      "estimate": 0.189,
      "measure": "Annual checkup",
      "n": 5196,
      "state": "NY"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.164,
      "conf_low": -1.216,
      "estimate": -0.526,
      "measure": "Dental visit",
      "n": 5196,
      "state": "NY"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.287,
      "conf_low": 0.009,
      "estimate": 0.148,
      "measure": "Annual checkup",
      "n": 2625,
      "state": "NC"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -2.879,
      "conf_low": -3.248,
      "estimate": -3.063,
      "measure": "Dental visit",
      "n": 2625,
      "state": "NC"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.909,
      "conf_low": 0.246,
      "estimate": 0.577,
      "measure": "Annual checkup",
      "n": 225,
      "state": "ND"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -1.496,
      "conf_low": -2.73,
      "estimate": -2.113,
      "measure": "Dental visit",
      "n": 225,
      "state": "ND"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.211,
      "conf_low": -0.126,
      "estimate": 0.043,
      "measure": "Annual checkup",
      "n": 3131,
      "state": "OH"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -3.342,
      "conf_low": -3.774,
      "estimate": -3.558,
      "measure": "Dental visit",
      "n": 3131,
      "state": "OH"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -0.009,
      "conf_low": -0.331,
      "estimate": -0.17,
      "measure": "Annual checkup",
      "n": 1186,
      "state": "OK"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -3.651,
      "conf_low": -4.212,
      "estimate": -3.931,
      "measure": "Dental visit",
      "n": 1186,
      "state": "OK"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.642,
      "conf_low": -0.513,
      "estimate": 0.065,
      "measure": "Annual checkup",
      "n": 990,
      "state": "OR"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -2.557,
      "conf_low": -3.592,
      "estimate": -3.074,
      "measure": "Dental visit",
      "n": 990,
      "state": "OR"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.236,
      "conf_low": -0.079,
      "estimate": 0.079,
      "measure": "Annual checkup",
      "n": 3374,
      "state": "PA"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -2.397,
      "conf_low": -3.33,
      "estimate": -2.863,
      "measure": "Dental visit",
      "n": 3374,
      "state": "PA"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -0.463,
      "conf_low": -0.992,
      "estimate": -0.727,
      "measure": "Annual checkup",
      "n": 244,
      "state": "RI"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -3.256,
      "conf_low": -5.865,
      "estimate": -4.56,
      "measure": "Dental visit",
      "n": 244,
      "state": "RI"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.431,
      "conf_low": 0.043,
      "estimate": 0.237,
      "measure": "Annual checkup",
      "n": 1295,
      "state": "SC"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -2.886,
      "conf_low": -3.558,
      "estimate": -3.222,
      "measure": "Dental visit",
      "n": 1295,
      "state": "SC"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.101,
      "conf_low": -0.535,
      "estimate": -0.217,
      "measure": "Annual checkup",
      "n": 242,
      "state": "SD"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -2.332,
      "conf_low": -3.803,
      "estimate": -3.068,
      "measure": "Dental visit",
      "n": 242,
      "state": "SD"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.378,
      "conf_low": -0.036,
      "estimate": 0.171,
      "measure": "Annual checkup",
      "n": 1669,
      "state": "TN"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -2.51,
      "conf_low": -3.763,
      "estimate": -3.137,
      "measure": "Dental visit",
      "n": 1669,
      "state": "TN"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.009,
      "conf_low": -0.387,
      "estimate": -0.189,
      "measure": "Annual checkup",
      "n": 6789,
      "state": "TX"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -3.331,
      "conf_low": -3.951,
      "estimate": -3.641,
      "measure": "Dental visit",
      "n": 6789,
      "state": "TX"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.01,
      "conf_low": -0.821,
      "estimate": -0.405,
      "measure": "Annual checkup",
      "n": 705,
      "state": "UT"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -2.989,
      "conf_low": -3.904,
      "estimate": -3.447,
      "measure": "Dental visit",
      "n": 705,
      "state": "UT"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.796,
      "conf_low": -0.182,
      "estimate": 0.307,
      "measure": "Annual checkup",
      "n": 192,
      "state": "VT"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -1.988,
      "conf_low": -2.73,
      "estimate": -2.359,
      "measure": "Dental visit",
      "n": 192,
      "state": "VT"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.495,
      "conf_low": 0.226,
      "estimate": 0.361,
      "measure": "Annual checkup",
      "n": 2141,
      "state": "VA"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -2.271,
      "conf_low": -2.674,
      "estimate": -2.473,
      "measure": "Dental visit",
      "n": 2141,
      "state": "VA"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -0.002,
      "conf_low": -0.49,
      "estimate": -0.246,
      "measure": "Annual checkup",
      "n": 1757,
      "state": "WA"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -2.955,
      "conf_low": -3.676,
      "estimate": -3.316,
      "measure": "Dental visit",
      "n": 1757,
      "state": "WA"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.392,
      "conf_low": -0.083,
      "estimate": 0.154,
      "measure": "Annual checkup",
      "n": 543,
      "state": "WV"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -2.313,
      "conf_low": -3.791,
      "estimate": -3.052,
      "measure": "Dental visit",
      "n": 543,
      "state": "WV"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.676,
      "conf_low": -0.43,
      "estimate": 0.123,
      "measure": "Annual checkup",
      "n": 1520,
      "state": "WI"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -2.358,
      "conf_low": -4.15,
      "estimate": -3.254,
      "measure": "Dental visit",
      "n": 1520,
      "state": "WI"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -0.048,
      "conf_low": -0.92,
      "estimate": -0.484,
      "measure": "Annual checkup",
      "n": 158,
      "state": "WY"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": -1.715,
      "conf_low": -2.837,
      "estimate": -2.276,
      "measure": "Dental visit",
      "n": 158,
      "state": "WY"
    }
  ],
  "id": "checkup_slopes_by_state",
  "notes": [
    "States are shown by their postal codes. Delaware, Hawaii and the District of Columbia have too few counties for cluster-robust errors, so their intervals use HC3 errors, and the District of Columbia is a single county. Every state has at least {fact:cat_min_tracts} tracts, above the floor of {fact:cat_floor}, so none is dropped.",
    "PLACES values are modeled estimates. They are built from BRFSS survey responses with census and American Community Survey inputs (county poverty, the age, sex, race and ethnicity of each tract's residents, and education), with state and county random effects, and the Area Deprivation Index is built from American Community Survey data too, so part of each gradient here is mechanical. Within a county, tract values differ through the demographic composition of tracts. The tract file has no intervals; the bands are 95% intervals for the weighted mean from a bootstrap over counties (replicates and seed in the methods note)."
  ],
  "source": "CDC PLACES 2024 release (BRFSS 2022) and Area Deprivation Index 2023; modeled estimates, population-weighted (adults in each tract)",
  "spec": {
    "colors": {
      "Annual checkup": "accent",
      "Dental visit": "highlight"
    },
    "facet": "measure",
    "facetColumns": 2,
    "group": "measure",
    "hi": "conf_high",
    "legend": false,
    "lo": "conf_low",
    "n": "n",
    "reference": 0,
    "referenceLabel": "No difference",
    "sort": "asc",
    "x": "estimate",
    "xDomain": [
      -8,
      3
    ],
    "xFormat": {
      "digits": 1,
      "signed": true
    },
    "xLabel": "Points of prevalence per ten-point step in the ADI national percentile",
    "y": "state"
  },
  "subtitle": "Slope of tract prevalence on the Area Deprivation Index national percentile within each state, points of prevalence per ten percentiles, adults, 2022",
  "title": "The dental visit rate falls with deprivation in all {fact:cat_n_states} states, and the checkup slope is within {fact:cat_band} points of zero in {fact:cat_checkup_small}",
  "type": "dot",
  "width": "wide"
}