{
  "big_mean": {
    "ci": [
      -0.16,
      -0.05
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.09",
    "estimand": "mean of the male minus female math gap, each district counted once, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 100,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019",
    "population": "the 100 districts with the most math test scores",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "math gap in grade levels, male minus female (negative means girls scored higher)",
    "value": -0.091809,
    "weights": "none (each district counts once)"
  },
  "big_n": {
    "display": "100",
    "estimand": "definition: the districts with the most math test scores",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019",
    "population": "school districts with a math gap estimate",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "districts",
    "value": 100,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "big_pct_boys": {
    "ci": [
      14,
      39
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "28%",
    "estimand": "share of districts where boys' mean math score exceeds girls', bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 100,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019",
    "population": "the 100 districts with the most math test scores",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "percent of districts where the math gap is above zero",
    "value": 28,
    "weights": "none (each district counts once)"
  },
  "central_share": {
    "display": "90%",
    "estimand": "definition: the central range of district gaps, from the 5th to the 95th percentile",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019",
    "population": "school districts with a gap estimate",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "percent of districts between the 5th and 95th percentiles of the gap",
    "value": 90,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "chicago_gap": {
    "ci": [
      -0.35,
      -0.33
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.34",
    "estimand": "SEDA's male minus female math gap for the district; the interval uses SEDA's empirical-Bayes standard error",
    "n": 1628988,
    "nUnit": "math test scores",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019",
    "population": "students in the Chicago Public Schools District 299",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "math gap in grade levels, male minus female (negative means girls scored higher)",
    "value": -0.335852,
    "weights": "none (one district)"
  },
  "cty_boys": {
    "display": "1,043",
    "estimand": "count of counties where boys' mean math score exceeds girls'",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019",
    "population": "counties with a male-female math gap estimate",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 1043,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "cty_boys_clear": {
    "display": "599",
    "estimand": "count of counties whose 95% interval (estimate and standard error) for the math gap lies above zero",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019",
    "population": "counties with a math gap estimate and a standard error",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 599,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "cty_girls": {
    "display": "1,953",
    "estimand": "count of counties where girls' mean math score exceeds boys'",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019",
    "population": "counties with a male-female math gap estimate",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 1953,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "cty_girls_clear": {
    "display": "1,400",
    "estimand": "count of counties whose 95% interval for the math gap lies below zero",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019",
    "population": "counties with a math gap estimate and a standard error",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 1400,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "cty_unclear": {
    "display": "939",
    "estimand": "count of counties whose 95% interval for the math gap includes zero",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019",
    "population": "counties with a math gap estimate and a standard error",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 939,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "inc_d10_min": {
    "display": "115,294",
    "estimand": "lowest income in the highest tenth (equal numbers of districts in each tenth)",
    "n": 1214,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "A household-weighted mean of tract medians, top-coded at 250,001 dollars.",
    "period": "household income in 2023 dollars, ACS 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "the highest tenth of districts by income",
    "source": "acs",
    "unit": "dollars of district median household income",
    "value": 115294,
    "weights": "none (a boundary)"
  },
  "inc_d1_max": {
    "display": "51,268",
    "estimand": "highest income in the lowest tenth (equal numbers of districts in each tenth)",
    "n": 1213,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "A household-weighted mean of tract medians, top-coded at 250,001 dollars.",
    "period": "household income in 2023 dollars, ACS 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "the lowest tenth of districts by income",
    "source": "acs",
    "unit": "dollars of district median household income",
    "value": 51268.3,
    "weights": "none (a boundary)"
  },
  "mgap_ach_d1": {
    "ci": [
      -0.29,
      -0.18
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.21",
    "estimand": "test-weighted mean of the male minus female math gap within a tenth of districts ranked by average score (equal numbers of districts), bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 1213,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019",
    "population": "school districts in the lowest tenth of districts by average math and reading score of all students",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "math gap in grade levels, male minus female (negative means girls scored higher)",
    "value": -0.214272,
    "weights": "number of math and reading test scores in the district"
  },
  "mgap_ach_d10": {
    "ci": [
      0.1,
      0.17
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.13",
    "estimand": "test-weighted mean of the male minus female math gap within a tenth of districts ranked by average score (equal numbers of districts), bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 1214,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019",
    "population": "school districts in the highest tenth of districts by average math and reading score of all students",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "math gap in grade levels, male minus female (negative means girls scored higher)",
    "value": 0.134247,
    "weights": "number of math and reading test scores in the district"
  },
  "mgap_inc1_d1": {
    "ci": [
      -0.27,
      -0.16
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.21",
    "estimand": "test-weighted mean of the male minus female math gap within a tenth of districts ranked by an income built from each tract's single assigned district (equal numbers of districts), bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 999,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019; district income from the American Community Survey, 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "school districts in the lowest tenth of districts by income when each tract belongs to one district only",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "math gap in grade levels, male minus female (negative means girls scored higher)",
    "value": -0.210317,
    "weights": "number of math and reading test scores in the district"
  },
  "mgap_inc1_d10": {
    "ci": [
      0.04,
      0.13
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.09",
    "estimand": "test-weighted mean of the male minus female math gap within a tenth of districts ranked by an income built from each tract's single assigned district (equal numbers of districts), bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 1000,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019; district income from the American Community Survey, 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "school districts in the highest tenth of districts by income when each tract belongs to one district only",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "math gap in grade levels, male minus female (negative means girls scored higher)",
    "value": 0.0867456,
    "weights": "number of math and reading test scores in the district"
  },
  "mgap_inc_d1": {
    "ci": [
      -0.26,
      -0.15
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.20",
    "estimand": "test-weighted mean of the male minus female math gap within a tenth of districts (equal numbers of districts), bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 1213,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019; district income from the American Community Survey, 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "school districts in the lowest tenth of districts by district median household income",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "math gap in grade levels, male minus female (negative means girls scored higher)",
    "value": -0.202997,
    "weights": "number of math and reading test scores in the district"
  },
  "mgap_inc_d10": {
    "ci": [
      0.04,
      0.12
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.08",
    "estimand": "test-weighted mean of the male minus female math gap within a tenth of districts (equal numbers of districts), bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 1214,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019; district income from the American Community Survey, 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "school districts in the highest tenth of districts by district median household income",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "math gap in grade levels, male minus female (negative means girls scored higher)",
    "value": 0.0796637,
    "weights": "number of math and reading test scores in the district"
  },
  "mgap_inc_d10_unw": {
    "ci": [
      0.05,
      0.11
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.07",
    "estimand": "mean of the male minus female math gap within a tenth of districts, each district counted once, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 1214,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019; district income from the American Community Survey, 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "school districts in the highest tenth of districts by district median household income",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "math gap in grade levels, male minus female (negative means girls scored higher)",
    "value": 0.0748298,
    "weights": "none (each district counts once)"
  },
  "mgap_inc_d1_unw": {
    "ci": [
      -0.22,
      -0.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.16",
    "estimand": "mean of the male minus female math gap within a tenth of districts, each district counted once, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 1213,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019; district income from the American Community Survey, 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "school districts in the lowest tenth of districts by district median household income",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "math gap in grade levels, male minus female (negative means girls scored higher)",
    "value": -0.156236,
    "weights": "none (each district counts once)"
  },
  "mgap_inc_range": {
    "ci": [
      0.22,
      0.35
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.28",
    "estimand": "largest minus smallest test-weighted mean math gap across the ten income tenths, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 12136,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019; district income from the American Community Survey, 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "school districts with both gaps and a district income",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "grade levels (largest minus smallest of the ten decile means of the math gap)",
    "value": 0.282661,
    "weights": "number of math and reading test scores in the district"
  },
  "mgap_pov_d1": {
    "ci": [
      0.09,
      0.16
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.12",
    "estimand": "test-weighted mean of the male minus female math gap within a tenth of districts ranked by the share of residents below the poverty line (ACS 2019 to 2023; equal numbers of districts), bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 1213,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019; district income from the American Community Survey, 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "school districts in the lowest tenth of districts by poverty rate",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "math gap in grade levels, male minus female (negative means girls scored higher)",
    "value": 0.123102,
    "weights": "number of math and reading test scores in the district"
  },
  "mgap_pov_d10": {
    "ci": [
      -0.24,
      -0.14
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.19",
    "estimand": "test-weighted mean of the male minus female math gap within a tenth of districts ranked by the share of residents below the poverty line (ACS 2019 to 2023; equal numbers of districts), bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 1214,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019; district income from the American Community Survey, 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "school districts in the highest tenth of districts by poverty rate",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "math gap in grade levels, male minus female (negative means girls scored higher)",
    "value": -0.186429,
    "weights": "number of math and reading test scores in the district"
  },
  "min_state_districts": {
    "display": "25",
    "estimand": "inclusion rule: a state needs at least this many districts in the income sample",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019; district income from the American Community Survey, 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "states given a slope of their own",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "districts",
    "value": 25,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "mth_inc_r": {
    "ci": [
      0.31,
      0.48
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.40",
    "estimand": "test-weighted correlation of the district math gap with the district's percentile rank of income, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 12136,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019; district income from the American Community Survey, 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "school districts with both gaps and a district income",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient",
    "value": 0.395876,
    "weights": "number of math and reading test scores in the district"
  },
  "mth_mean": {
    "ci": [
      -0.06,
      -0.004
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.031",
    "estimand": "mean over districts of the male minus female math gap, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 12207,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019",
    "population": "school districts with a math gap estimate",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "math gap in grade levels, male minus female (negative means girls scored higher)",
    "value": -0.0312295,
    "weights": "none (each district counts once)"
  },
  "mth_mean_sd": {
    "ci": [
      -0.019,
      -0.002
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.010",
    "estimand": "mean over districts of the male minus female math gap, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 12207,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019",
    "population": "school districts with a math gap estimate",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "math gap in standard deviations of the national cohort, male minus female (negative means girls scored higher)",
    "value": -0.0103155,
    "weights": "none (each district counts once)"
  },
  "mth_mean_w": {
    "ci": [
      -0.09,
      -0.02
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.06",
    "estimand": "math-test-weighted mean over districts of the male minus female math gap, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 12207,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019",
    "population": "school districts with a math gap estimate",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "math gap in grade levels, male minus female (negative means girls scored higher)",
    "value": -0.0557931,
    "weights": "number of math test scores in the district"
  },
  "mth_p5": {
    "display": "−0.35",
    "estimand": "5th percentile of district gaps, each district counted once",
    "n": 12207,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019",
    "population": "school districts with a math gap estimate",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "math gap in grade levels, male minus female (negative means girls scored higher)",
    "value": -0.353769,
    "weights": "none (each district counts once)"
  },
  "mth_p95": {
    "display": "+0.29",
    "estimand": "95th percentile of district gaps, each district counted once",
    "n": 12207,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019",
    "population": "school districts with a math gap estimate",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "math gap in grade levels, male minus female (negative means girls scored higher)",
    "value": 0.286939,
    "weights": "none (each district counts once)"
  },
  "mth_slope": {
    "ci": [
      0.019,
      0.031
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.025",
    "estimand": "slope of the math gap on the district's percentile rank of income (0 to 100), test-weighted regression without state indicators, errors clustered on state",
    "n": 12136,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019; district income from the American Community Survey, 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "school districts with both gaps and a district income",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "grade levels of the math gap per ten points of district income rank",
    "value": 0.025209,
    "weights": "number of math and reading test scores in the district"
  },
  "mth_slope_fe": {
    "ci": [
      0.022,
      0.032
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.027",
    "estimand": "slope of the math gap on the district's percentile rank of income (0 to 100), test-weighted regression with a separate intercept for each state and state indicators, errors clustered on state",
    "n": 12136,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019; district income from the American Community Survey, 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "school districts with both gaps and a district income",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "grade levels of the math gap per ten points of district income rank",
    "value": 0.026989,
    "weights": "number of math and reading test scores in the district"
  },
  "mth_state_high": {
    "ci": [
      0.23,
      0.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.26",
    "estimand": "test-weighted mean of district gaps in the state (the interval treats districts as independent)",
    "n": 326,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019; district income from the American Community Survey, 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "school districts in the state with the largest math lead for boys",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "math gap in grade levels, male minus female (negative means girls scored higher)",
    "value": 0.263307,
    "weights": "number of math and reading test scores in the district"
  },
  "mth_state_low": {
    "ci": [
      -0.38,
      -0.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.34",
    "estimand": "test-weighted mean of district gaps in the state (the interval treats districts as independent)",
    "n": 135,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019; district income from the American Community Survey, 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "school districts in the state with the largest math lead for girls",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "math gap in grade levels, male minus female (negative means girls scored higher)",
    "value": -0.338543,
    "weights": "number of math and reading test scores in the district"
  },
  "mth_state_share": {
    "ci": [
      34,
      40
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "36%",
    "estimand": "R squared of district math gaps on state, weighted by test scores; interval from resampling districts",
    "n": 12136,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "Resampling districts adds a small upward bias to the share, so the interval sits slightly high.",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019; district income from the American Community Survey, 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "school districts with a reading gap, a math gap and a district income",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "percent of the variance of district math gaps that lies between states",
    "value": 35.6106,
    "weights": "number of math and reading test scores in the district"
  },
  "mth_state_share_unw": {
    "ci": [
      23,
      26
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "24%",
    "estimand": "R squared of district math gaps on state, weighted by districts, each counted once; interval from resampling districts",
    "n": 12136,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "Resampling districts adds a small upward bias to the share, so the interval sits slightly high.",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019; district income from the American Community Survey, 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "school districts with a reading gap, a math gap and a district income",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "percent of the variance of district math gaps that lies between states",
    "value": 24.3733,
    "weights": "none (each district counts once)"
  },
  "n_boys_rla": {
    "display": "14",
    "estimand": "count of districts where boys' mean reading score exceeds girls'",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019",
    "population": "school districts with a reading gap estimate",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "districts",
    "value": 14,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "n_county": {
    "display": "2,996",
    "estimand": "count of counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019",
    "population": "counties with a male-female math gap estimate",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 2996,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "n_county_rla": {
    "display": "3,125",
    "estimand": "count of counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019",
    "population": "counties with a male-female reading gap estimate",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 3125,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "n_county_se": {
    "display": "2,938",
    "estimand": "count of counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019",
    "population": "counties with a math gap estimate and a standard error",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 2938,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "n_girls_rla": {
    "display": "12,313",
    "estimand": "count of districts where girls' mean reading score exceeds boys'",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019",
    "population": "school districts with a reading gap estimate",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "districts",
    "value": 12313,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "n_inc": {
    "display": "12,136",
    "estimand": "count of districts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019; district income from the American Community Survey, 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "school districts with a reading gap, a math gap, an all-student score and a district income",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "districts",
    "value": 12136,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "n_inc1": {
    "display": "9,993",
    "estimand": "count of districts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019; district income from the American Community Survey, 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "school districts in the income sample that also have an income when each tract belongs to one district only",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "districts",
    "value": 9993,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "n_map_nodata": {
    "display": "146",
    "estimand": "count of drawn counties with no math gap estimate",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019",
    "population": "counties and county equivalents on the map (Puerto Rico is not drawn)",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "counties",
    "value": 146,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "n_mth": {
    "display": "12,207",
    "estimand": "count of districts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019",
    "population": "school districts with a male-female math gap estimate (Virginia has none, DC is absent and Hawaii has no districts)",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "districts",
    "value": 12207,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "n_no_income": {
    "display": "38",
    "estimand": "count of districts left out of the income figures",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019; district income from the American Community Survey, 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "school districts with both gaps but no district income or no all-student score",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "districts",
    "value": 38,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "n_rla": {
    "display": "12,327",
    "estimand": "count of districts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019",
    "population": "school districts with a male-female reading gap estimate",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "districts",
    "value": 12327,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "n_sample": {
    "display": "5,000",
    "estimand": "size of a random sample drawn with a fixed seed",
    "n": 12136,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019; district income from the American Community Survey, 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "districts drawn at random for the scatter",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "districts",
    "value": 5000,
    "weights": "none (sample size)"
  },
  "n_state_slopes": {
    "display": "45",
    "estimand": "count of states given a slope",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019; district income from the American Community Survey, 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "states with at least the minimum number of districts in the income sample",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "states",
    "value": 45,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "n_state_slopes_clear": {
    "display": "38",
    "estimand": "count of states where the 95% interval (heteroskedasticity-robust) for that slope lies above zero",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019; district income from the American Community Survey, 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "states with at least the minimum number of districts in the income sample",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "states",
    "value": 38,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "n_state_slopes_pos": {
    "display": "45",
    "estimand": "count of states where the test-weighted slope of the math gap on income rank is positive",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019; district income from the American Community Survey, 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "states with at least the minimum number of districts in the income sample",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "states",
    "value": 45,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "n_states": {
    "display": "48",
    "estimand": "count of states",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019; district income from the American Community Survey, 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "states with districts in the income sample (no Virginia, Hawaii or DC)",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "states",
    "value": 48,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "n_states_boys": {
    "display": "20",
    "estimand": "count of states whose test-weighted mean math gap is above zero",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019; district income from the American Community Survey, 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "states in the income sample",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "states",
    "value": 20,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "n_states_boys_clear": {
    "display": "13",
    "estimand": "count of states whose 95% interval for the test-weighted mean math gap lies above zero",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019; district income from the American Community Survey, 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "states in the income sample",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "states",
    "value": 13,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "n_states_boys_clear_lin": {
    "display": "14",
    "estimand": "count of states whose 95% interval for the test-weighted mean math gap lies above zero when the standard error is the Taylor-linearized one for a weighted mean of independent districts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019; district income from the American Community Survey, 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "states in the income sample",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "states",
    "value": 14,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  },
  "pct_boys_inc_d1": {
    "ci": [
      15.3,
      33.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "23.7%",
    "estimand": "share of districts (each counted once) where boys' mean math score exceeds girls', bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 1213,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019; district income from the American Community Survey, 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "school districts in the lowest tenth of districts by district median household income",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "percent of districts where boys' mean math score exceeds girls'",
    "value": 23.6603,
    "weights": "none (each district counts once)"
  },
  "pct_boys_mth": {
    "ci": [
      38.1,
      49.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "43.8%",
    "estimand": "share of districts (each counted once) where boys' mean math score exceeds girls', bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 12207,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019",
    "population": "school districts with a math gap estimate",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "percent of districts where the math gap is above zero",
    "value": 43.8191,
    "weights": "none (each district counts once)"
  },
  "pct_boys_mth_w": {
    "ci": [
      29.8,
      44.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "36.5%",
    "estimand": "share of math test scores that are in districts where boys' mean exceeds girls', bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 12207,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019",
    "population": "school districts with a math gap estimate",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "percent of math test scores in districts where the math gap is above zero",
    "value": 36.4746,
    "weights": "number of math test scores in the district"
  },
  "pct_cty_boys": {
    "ci": [
      25.9,
      44.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "34.8%",
    "estimand": "share of counties (each counted once) where boys' mean math score exceeds girls', bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 2996,
    "nUnit": "counties",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019",
    "population": "counties with a male-female math gap estimate",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "percent of counties where the math gap is above zero",
    "value": 34.8131,
    "weights": "none (each county counts once)"
  },
  "pct_girls_inc_d10": {
    "ci": [
      25.2,
      40.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "33.4%",
    "estimand": "share of districts (each counted once) where girls' mean math score exceeds boys', bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 1214,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019; district income from the American Community Survey, 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "school districts in the highest tenth of districts by district median household income",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "percent of districts where girls' mean math score exceeds boys'",
    "value": 33.3608,
    "weights": "none (each district counts once)"
  },
  "pct_girls_rla": {
    "ci": [
      99.8,
      100
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "99.9%",
    "estimand": "share of districts (each counted once) where girls' mean reading score exceeds boys', bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 12327,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019",
    "population": "school districts with a reading gap estimate",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "percent of districts where the reading gap is below zero",
    "value": 99.8864,
    "weights": "none (each district counts once)"
  },
  "pct_mth_clear_boys": {
    "ci": [
      17.3,
      26.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "21.5%",
    "estimand": "share of districts (each counted once) whose 95% interval, built from the estimate and its standard error, lies above zero; bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 12140,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019",
    "population": "school districts with a math gap estimate and a standard error",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "percent of districts whose 95% interval for the math gap lies above zero",
    "value": 21.4662,
    "weights": "none (each district counts once)"
  },
  "pct_mth_clear_girls": {
    "ci": [
      25.7,
      37.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "31.3%",
    "estimand": "share of districts (each counted once) whose 95% interval, built from the estimate and its standard error, lies below zero; bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 12140,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019",
    "population": "school districts with a math gap estimate and a standard error",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "percent of districts whose 95% interval for the math gap lies below zero",
    "value": 31.285,
    "weights": "none (each district counts once)"
  },
  "pct_mth_unclear": {
    "ci": [
      42.2,
      51.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "47.2%",
    "estimand": "share of districts (each counted once) whose 95% interval, built from the estimate and its standard error, includes zero; bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 12140,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019",
    "population": "school districts with a math gap estimate and a standard error",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "percent of districts whose 95% interval for the math gap includes zero",
    "value": 47.2488,
    "weights": "none (each district counts once)"
  },
  "pct_rla_clear_girls": {
    "ci": [
      98.3,
      99.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "98.9%",
    "estimand": "share of districts (each counted once) whose 95% interval, built from the estimate and its standard error, lies below zero; bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 12254,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019",
    "population": "school districts with a reading gap estimate and a standard error",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "percent of districts whose 95% interval for the reading gap lies below zero",
    "value": 98.9065,
    "weights": "none (each district counts once)"
  },
  "philly_gap": {
    "ci": [
      -0.35,
      -0.32
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.33",
    "estimand": "SEDA's male minus female math gap for the district; the interval uses SEDA's empirical-Bayes standard error",
    "n": 960980,
    "nUnit": "math test scores",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019",
    "population": "students in the Philadelphia City SD",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "math gap in grade levels, male minus female (negative means girls scored higher)",
    "value": -0.33077,
    "weights": "none (one district)"
  },
  "rank_step": {
    "display": "10",
    "estimand": "step of the income rank in which slopes are reported",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019; district income from the American Community Survey, 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "school districts with both gaps and a district income",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "points of district income rank (0 to 100)",
    "value": 10,
    "weights": "none (definition)"
  },
  "rgap_inc_d1": {
    "ci": [
      -0.89,
      -0.71
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.79",
    "estimand": "test-weighted mean of the male minus female reading gap within a tenth of districts (equal numbers of districts), bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 1213,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019; district income from the American Community Survey, 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "school districts in the lowest tenth of districts by district median household income",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "reading gap in grade levels, male minus female (negative means girls scored higher)",
    "value": -0.790565,
    "weights": "number of math and reading test scores in the district"
  },
  "rgap_inc_d10": {
    "ci": [
      -0.97,
      -0.78
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.87",
    "estimand": "test-weighted mean of the male minus female reading gap within a tenth of districts (equal numbers of districts), bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 1214,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019; district income from the American Community Survey, 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "school districts in the highest tenth of districts by district median household income",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "reading gap in grade levels, male minus female (negative means girls scored higher)",
    "value": -0.866686,
    "weights": "number of math and reading test scores in the district"
  },
  "rgap_inc_range": {
    "ci": [
      0.06,
      0.24
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.13",
    "estimand": "largest minus smallest test-weighted mean reading gap across the ten income tenths, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 12136,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "The largest minus the smallest of ten noisy means is biased upward.",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019; district income from the American Community Survey, 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "school districts with both gaps and a district income",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "grade levels (largest minus smallest of the ten decile means of the reading gap)",
    "value": 0.129474,
    "weights": "number of math and reading test scores in the district"
  },
  "rla_inc_r": {
    "ci": [
      -0.21,
      0.04
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.09",
    "estimand": "test-weighted correlation of the district reading gap with the district's percentile rank of income, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 12136,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019; district income from the American Community Survey, 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "school districts with both gaps and a district income",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient",
    "value": -0.0894956,
    "weights": "number of math and reading test scores in the district"
  },
  "rla_mean": {
    "ci": [
      -0.82,
      -0.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.76",
    "estimand": "mean over districts of the male minus female reading gap, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 12327,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019",
    "population": "school districts with a reading gap estimate",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "reading gap in grade levels, male minus female (negative means girls scored higher)",
    "value": -0.763567,
    "weights": "none (each district counts once)"
  },
  "rla_mean_sd": {
    "ci": [
      -0.246,
      -0.211
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.228",
    "estimand": "mean over districts of the male minus female reading gap, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 12327,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019",
    "population": "school districts with a reading gap estimate",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "reading gap in standard deviations of the national cohort, male minus female (negative means girls scored higher)",
    "value": -0.228092,
    "weights": "none (each district counts once)"
  },
  "rla_mean_w": {
    "ci": [
      -0.85,
      -0.73
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.79",
    "estimand": "reading-test-weighted mean over districts of the male minus female reading gap, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 12327,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019",
    "population": "school districts with a reading gap estimate",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "reading gap in grade levels, male minus female (negative means girls scored higher)",
    "value": -0.789902,
    "weights": "number of reading test scores in the district"
  },
  "rla_p5": {
    "display": "−1.18",
    "estimand": "5th percentile of district gaps, each district counted once",
    "n": 12327,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019",
    "population": "school districts with a reading gap estimate",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "reading gap in grade levels, male minus female (negative means girls scored higher)",
    "value": -1.17954,
    "weights": "none (each district counts once)"
  },
  "rla_p95": {
    "display": "−0.36",
    "estimand": "95th percentile of district gaps, each district counted once",
    "n": 12327,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019",
    "population": "school districts with a reading gap estimate",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "reading gap in grade levels, male minus female (negative means girls scored higher)",
    "value": -0.355776,
    "weights": "none (each district counts once)"
  },
  "rla_state_high": {
    "ci": [
      -0.5,
      -0.42
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.46",
    "estimand": "test-weighted mean of district gaps in the state (the interval treats districts as independent)",
    "n": 326,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019; district income from the American Community Survey, 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "school districts in the state with the smallest reading lead for girls",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "reading gap in grade levels, male minus female (negative means girls scored higher)",
    "value": -0.461167,
    "weights": "number of math and reading test scores in the district"
  },
  "rla_state_low": {
    "ci": [
      -1.32,
      -1.25
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−1.28",
    "estimand": "test-weighted mean of district gaps in the state (the interval treats districts as independent)",
    "n": 234,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019; district income from the American Community Survey, 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "school districts in the state with the largest reading lead for girls",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "reading gap in grade levels, male minus female (negative means girls scored higher)",
    "value": -1.28397,
    "weights": "number of math and reading test scores in the district"
  },
  "rla_state_share": {
    "ci": [
      68,
      72
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "70%",
    "estimand": "R squared of district reading gaps on state, weighted by test scores; interval from resampling districts",
    "n": 12136,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "Resampling districts adds a small upward bias to the share, so the interval sits slightly high.",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019; district income from the American Community Survey, 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "school districts with a reading gap, a math gap and a district income",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "percent of the variance of district reading gaps that lies between states",
    "value": 70.0312,
    "weights": "number of math and reading test scores in the district"
  },
  "rla_state_share_unw": {
    "ci": [
      45,
      49
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "47%",
    "estimand": "R squared of district reading gaps on state, weighted by districts, each counted once; interval from resampling districts",
    "n": 12136,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "Resampling districts adds a small upward bias to the share, so the interval sits slightly high.",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019; district income from the American Community Survey, 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "school districts with a reading gap, a math gap and a district income",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "percent of the variance of district reading gaps that lies between states",
    "value": 46.8062,
    "weights": "none (each district counts once)"
  },
  "se_med_mth": {
    "display": "0.06",
    "estimand": "median over districts of the standard error SEDA reports for the male minus female math gap",
    "n": 12140,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019",
    "population": "school districts with a math gap estimate and a standard error",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "standard error of a district's math gap, grade levels",
    "value": 0.0618805,
    "weights": "none (each district counts once)"
  },
  "size_r": {
    "ci": [
      -0.09,
      0.05
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.02",
    "estimand": "correlation of the percentile rank of a district's math test scores with the percentile rank of its math gap (a rank correlation), each district counted once, bootstrap interval over states",
    "n": 12207,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019",
    "population": "school districts with a math gap estimate",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient",
    "value": -0.0171262,
    "weights": "none (each district counts once)"
  },
  "tests_inc": {
    "display": "193.8 million",
    "estimand": "sum of the math test scores behind the district estimates",
    "n": 12136,
    "nUnit": "districts",
    "note": "",
    "period": "test scores of third through eighth graders, pooled over 2009 to 2019; district income from the American Community Survey, 2019 to 2023",
    "population": "students in the districts with both gaps and a district income",
    "source": "seda",
    "unit": "math test scores (one per student, grade and year tested)",
    "value": 193758934,
    "weights": "none (full count)"
  }
}