{
  "alt": "Table with one row for each of the eight neighborhood types and columns for residents, tracts, the {fact:n_features} inputs (household income, poverty, college share, single-parent share, homeownership, share aged {fact:age_old} and over and density), the Black and Hispanic shares, the Area Deprivation Index and life expectancy. Income is highest among high-income owners, poverty and the single-parent share are highest in the high-poverty, single-parent type, and life expectancy runs from the highest value among high-income owners to the lowest in the high-poverty, single-parent type.",
  "caption": "Read across a row for one type and down a column for one measure. The seven columns from income to density are the inputs; the Black and Hispanic shares, the ADI and life expectancy are not inputs and are shown for comparison. Life expectancy does not follow the type numbering, since dense, college-educated renters, numbered fifth, live longer on average than middle-income owners and low-density owners, numbered third and fourth. Each cell is the mean of tract values weighted by residents, and income is the mean of tract median household incomes.",
  "data": [
    {
      "adi": 17.336,
      "blk": 4.97551,
      "col": 63.3661,
      "density": 2017.28,
      "his": 9.55617,
      "income": 156.574,
      "le": 82.1319,
      "own": 83.8113,
      "p65": 17.2962,
      "pov": 4.01804,
      "residents": 48.4908,
      "sp": 4.56446,
      "tracts": 10661,
      "type": "High-income owners"
    },
    {
      "adi": 40.3377,
      "blk": 4.29256,
      "col": 41.8392,
      "density": 955.661,
      "his": 9.06462,
      "income": 84.0297,
      "le": 80.3621,
      "own": 78.9362,
      "p65": 42.2701,
      "pov": 8.39426,
      "residents": 11.3116,
      "sp": 3.17059,
      "tracts": 3560,
      "type": "Older owners"
    },
    {
      "adi": 40.4931,
      "blk": 8.6806,
      "col": 35.2718,
      "density": 1582.58,
      "his": 16.4619,
      "income": 97.7933,
      "le": 79.5982,
      "own": 78.8208,
      "p65": 17.0964,
      "pov": 6.94731,
      "residents": 79.4742,
      "sp": 6.73761,
      "tracts": 17400,
      "type": "Middle-income owners"
    },
    {
      "adi": 68.1517,
      "blk": 5.69521,
      "col": 20.4331,
      "density": 55.3264,
      "his": 8.13041,
      "income": 67.53,
      "le": 77.8136,
      "own": 80.0832,
      "p65": 20.7715,
      "pov": 12.9855,
      "residents": 52.324,
      "sp": 7.00666,
      "tracts": 15491,
      "type": "Low-density owners"
    },
    {
      "adi": 26.2657,
      "blk": 11.1773,
      "col": 56.5616,
      "density": 8616.26,
      "his": 18.6651,
      "income": 95.6227,
      "le": 80.305,
      "own": 36.0915,
      "p65": 12.7734,
      "pov": 11.1098,
      "residents": 29.7515,
      "sp": 5.66258,
      "tracts": 7720,
      "type": "Dense, college-educated renters"
    },
    {
      "adi": 56.8684,
      "blk": 16.8673,
      "col": 22.3447,
      "density": 3362.75,
      "his": 31.9546,
      "income": 68.0922,
      "le": 77.328,
      "own": 57.6842,
      "p65": 13.6972,
      "pov": 14.4582,
      "residents": 63.3321,
      "sp": 13.4408,
      "tracts": 14865,
      "type": "Moderate-income, mixed-tenure"
    },
    {
      "adi": 67.4365,
      "blk": 24.7663,
      "col": 21.695,
      "density": 4376.04,
      "his": 28.4819,
      "income": 43.21,
      "le": 75.3408,
      "own": 35.8203,
      "p65": 14.7068,
      "pov": 29.8299,
      "residents": 22.6705,
      "sp": 10.3457,
      "tracts": 6759,
      "type": "Lower-income renters"
    },
    {
      "adi": 70.4875,
      "blk": 35.1786,
      "col": 13.6901,
      "density": 5103.72,
      "his": 38.3363,
      "income": 43.2487,
      "le": 74.6691,
      "own": 35.2163,
      "p65": 10.5205,
      "pov": 32.4311,
      "residents": 17.2963,
      "sp": 24.8988,
      "tracts": 4887,
      "type": "High-poverty, single-parent"
    }
  ],
  "id": "type_profiles",
  "notes": [
    "The type names are the book's labels for groups of tracts that resemble one another on the inputs, not categories in the data. They describe income, poverty, education, family structure, tenure, age and density. No outcome and no measure of race or ethnicity is an input; the Black and Hispanic shares are shown to compare the composition of the types.",
    "Intervals for these cells and for the outcomes are bootstrap intervals over counties; the cells describe the tracts in each type.",
    "The ACS columns cover 2019 to 2023, and density is the weighted geometric mean of tract residents per square mile of 2020 land area, so a few very dense tracts do not set the value. Life expectancy is for deaths in 2010 to 2015 on tracts of 2020 (area-weighted), over the {fact:n_le} typed tracts that have it. The ADI is the 2023 national rank (1 least and 100 most deprived).",
    "Black residents are Black alone and may be Hispanic; Hispanic residents are of any race."
  ],
  "source": "ACS 2019-2023, USALEEP life expectancy 2010-2015, Opportunity Atlas (children born 1978 to 1983), PLACES 2024 release and ADI 2023; tract values weighted by ACS population; population-weighted",
  "spec": {
    "columns": [
      {
        "key": "type",
        "label": "Type"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "residents",
        "label": "Residents (millions)"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "thousands": true
        },
        "key": "tracts",
        "label": "Tracts"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 0
        },
        "key": "income",
        "label": "Household income (thousands of dollars)"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "pov",
        "label": "Poverty (%)"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "col",
        "label": "College degree (%)"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "sp",
        "label": "Single-parent households (%)"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "own",
        "label": "Homeowners (%)"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "p65",
        "label": "Aged 65 and over (%)"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "thousands": true
        },
        "key": "density",
        "label": "Density (residents per square mile)"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "blk",
        "label": "Black (%)"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "his",
        "label": "Hispanic (%)"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "adi",
        "label": "ADI national rank"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "le",
        "label": "Life expectancy (years)"
      }
    ]
  },
  "subtitle": "Population-weighted mean of tract values by neighborhood type, types numbered by the first principal component of the inputs, largest first",
  "title": "High-income owners have the highest incomes and the high-poverty, single-parent type the highest poverty and single-parent shares, and their mean life expectancy differs by {fact:le_gap} years",
  "type": "table",
  "width": "wide"
}