{
  "alt": "Dot plot of estimates of the partner premium in ladder points. The first two, with no controls and within county, are {fact:partner_premium} and {fact:partner_premium_within}. Adjusting for single-year age and sex raises it to {fact:premium_adj_age_sex}, adding household income and education lowers it to {fact:premium_adj_full}, and by age band it is smallest for the youngest band and the oldest and largest for the middle bands.",
  "caption": "The premium is almost the same within counties as across them, rises to {fact:premium_adj_age_sex} with an adjustment for single-year age and sex, falls to {fact:premium_adj_full} when household income and education enter, and is largest in the middle age bands. Each dot is the coefficient on partnership with a 95% interval clustered by county; the number of interviews is in the tooltip.",
  "data": [
    {
      "conf_high": 0.506,
      "conf_low": 0.489,
      "estimate": 0.498,
      "group": "All adults",
      "label": "Difference of means, no controls",
      "n": 2189201
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.504,
      "conf_low": 0.488,
      "estimate": 0.496,
      "group": "All adults",
      "label": "Within county",
      "n": 2189199
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.65,
      "conf_low": 0.63,
      "estimate": 0.64,
      "group": "All adults",
      "label": "Within county and year, adjusted for single-year age and sex",
      "n": 2163354
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.318,
      "conf_low": 0.301,
      "estimate": 0.31,
      "group": "All adults",
      "label": "Same, adding household income and education",
      "n": 1786303
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.183,
      "conf_low": 0.121,
      "estimate": 0.152,
      "group": "By age band, adjusted for single-year age and sex",
      "label": "Ages 18 to 24",
      "n": 147891
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.632,
      "conf_low": 0.586,
      "estimate": 0.609,
      "group": "By age band, adjusted for single-year age and sex",
      "label": "Ages 25 to 34",
      "n": 226935
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.809,
      "conf_low": 0.762,
      "estimate": 0.785,
      "group": "By age band, adjusted for single-year age and sex",
      "label": "Ages 35 to 44",
      "n": 268006
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.817,
      "conf_low": 0.779,
      "estimate": 0.798,
      "group": "By age band, adjusted for single-year age and sex",
      "label": "Ages 45 to 54",
      "n": 377207
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.787,
      "conf_low": 0.758,
      "estimate": 0.772,
      "group": "By age band, adjusted for single-year age and sex",
      "label": "Ages 55 to 64",
      "n": 461305
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.609,
      "conf_low": 0.579,
      "estimate": 0.594,
      "group": "By age band, adjusted for single-year age and sex",
      "label": "Ages 65 to 74",
      "n": 394603
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.368,
      "conf_low": 0.333,
      "estimate": 0.35,
      "group": "By age band, adjusted for single-year age and sex",
      "label": "Ages 75 and over",
      "n": 286964
    }
  ],
  "id": "partner_premium_specifications",
  "notes": [
    "The last all-adults row uses the interviews that report household income and education, a smaller sample than the other rows. Household income includes a partner's earnings. The rows are statistical adjustments, and none identifies an effect of partnership; the age-band rows are separate regressions with county, year, single-year age and sex fixed effects. A linear age term fits poorly because the ladder is U-shaped in age, and it gives a lower premium.",
    "Partnered means married or in a domestic partnership, which is how Gallup's three-way marital status counts domestic partners. Adults who live with a partner and call themselves single are in the other group.",
    "Gallup's extract has no survey weights, so every estimate is unweighted. County comes from the respondent's ZIP code and is approximate near county lines."
  ],
  "source": "Gallup U.S. Daily, 2009-2017; unweighted, intervals clustered by county",
  "spec": {
    "colors": {
      "All adults": "cat1",
      "By age band, adjusted for single-year age and sex": "cat2"
    },
    "group": "group",
    "hi": "conf_high",
    "lo": "conf_low",
    "n": "n",
    "reference": 0,
    "referenceLabel": "No premium",
    "sort": "data",
    "x": "estimate",
    "xDomain": [
      0,
      1
    ],
    "xFormat": {
      "digits": 2
    },
    "xLabel": "Partner premium (ladder points)",
    "y": "label"
  },
  "subtitle": "Difference in mean Cantril ladder score between adults who are married or in a domestic partnership and all others, under successive adjustments and by age band, Gallup U.S. Daily 2009 to 2017",
  "title": "The partner premium is {fact:partner_premium} ladder points overall and {fact:partner_premium_within} within counties, and runs from {fact:premium_age_young} in the youngest age band to {fact:premium_age_peak} in its largest band",
  "type": "dot",
  "width": "wide"
}