{ "alt": "A figure with two tabs. Each is a line chart of modeled loneliness across ten groups of ZCTAs, the first by married share and the second by median age, and both fall from the first group to the tenth.", "caption": "The first tab sorts ZCTAs by married share and the second by median age, and loneliness falls across both. The two gradients overlap, because ZCTAs with more married adults are older.", "data": [], "id": "loneliness_by_marriage_and_age", "notes": [ "PLACES uses age as an input to the model, so the age gradient is partly built in, and the married-share gradient moves with age. The estimates describe ZCTAs, not the people in them.", "Deciles hold equal numbers of ZCTAs. The ZCTA characteristics are ACS 2019-2023 five-year estimates; the married share counts residents 15 and older. ZCTAs are not ZIP codes." ], "source": "CDC PLACES 2025 release (BRFSS 2023), ZCTA modeled estimates, and ACS 2019-2023 ZCTA characteristics; modeled estimates, population-weighted by adults", "spec": { "panels": [ { "figure": { "alt": "Line chart of modeled loneliness against the married share of adults, ten points from the lowest married share on the left to the highest on the right. The line falls from {fact:lonely_married_d1} to {fact:lonely_married_d10}.", "caption": "The point estimates fall at every step, steeply over the first deciles. Each point is a weighted mean over about a tenth of ZCTAs, plotted at that tenth's mean married share, with a 95% interval from a bootstrap over counties.", "data": [ { "conf_high": 39.44, "conf_low": 38.15, "decile": 1, "estimate": 38.79, "n_units": 1968, "x": 28.22 }, { "conf_high": 37.62, "conf_low": 35.75, "decile": 2, "estimate": 36.6, "n_units": 1968, "x": 39.29 }, { "conf_high": 36.04, "conf_low": 34.55, "decile": 3, "estimate": 35.25, "n_units": 1968, "x": 44.47 }, { "conf_high": 34.75, "conf_low": 33.77, "decile": 4, "estimate": 34.25, "n_units": 1968, "x": 48.06 }, { "conf_high": 33.84, "conf_low": 32.92, "decile": 5, "estimate": 33.38, "n_units": 1968, "x": 50.94 }, { "conf_high": 33.04, "conf_low": 32.23, "decile": 6, "estimate": 32.62, "n_units": 1968, "x": 53.65 }, { "conf_high": 32.6, "conf_low": 31.78, "decile": 7, "estimate": 32.19, "n_units": 1968, "x": 56.11 }, { "conf_high": 31.8, "conf_low": 31.04, "decile": 8, "estimate": 31.39, "n_units": 1968, "x": 58.77 }, { "conf_high": 31.41, "conf_low": 30.65, "decile": 9, "estimate": 31.02, "n_units": 1968, "x": 62.15 }, { "conf_high": 30.3, "conf_low": 29.59, "decile": 10, "estimate": 29.93, "n_units": 1969, "x": 67.45 } ], "id": "loneliness_by_married_share", "spec": { "hi": "conf_high", "lo": "conf_low", "n": "n_units", "x": "x", "xDomain": [ 25, 70 ], "xLabel": "Married share of residents 15 and older, mean in each tenth of ZCTAs (%)", "y": "estimate", "yDomain": [ 26, 42 ], "yFormat": { "digits": 0 }, "yLabel": "Adults who feel lonely (%)" }, "subtitle": "Population-weighted mean of CDC PLACES modeled loneliness by decile of ZCTA married share, ZCTAs with an estimate and at least {fact:zcta_floor} residents", "title": "Modeled loneliness falls from {fact:lonely_married_d1} in the tenth of ZCTAs with the lowest married share to {fact:lonely_married_d10} in the tenth with the highest", "type": "line" }, "label": "By married share" }, { "figure": { "alt": "Line chart of modeled loneliness against median age, ten points from the youngest ZCTAs on the left to the oldest on the right. The line falls from {fact:lonely_age_d1} to {fact:lonely_age_d10}.", "caption": "The point estimates fall at every step. Each point is a weighted mean over about a tenth of ZCTAs, plotted at that tenth's mean of the median age, with a 95% interval from a bootstrap over counties.", "data": [ { "conf_high": 38.63, "conf_low": 37.13, "decile": 1, "estimate": 37.84, "n_units": 1966, "x": 30.23 }, { "conf_high": 37.21, "conf_low": 35.64, "decile": 2, "estimate": 36.39, "n_units": 1926, "x": 35.06 }, { "conf_high": 35.86, "conf_low": 34.37, "decile": 3, "estimate": 35.09, "n_units": 2009, "x": 37.35 }, { "conf_high": 34.72, "conf_low": 33.58, "decile": 4, "estimate": 34.13, "n_units": 2011, "x": 39.19 }, { "conf_high": 33.86, "conf_low": 32.84, "decile": 5, "estimate": 33.33, "n_units": 1904, "x": 40.78 }, { "conf_high": 33.28, "conf_low": 32.37, "decile": 6, "estimate": 32.82, "n_units": 1960, "x": 42.37 }, { "conf_high": 33.17, "conf_low": 31.91, "decile": 7, "estimate": 32.48, "n_units": 1963, "x": 44.15 }, { "conf_high": 32.23, "conf_low": 31.19, "decile": 8, "estimate": 31.68, "n_units": 2004, "x": 46.44 }, { "conf_high": 31.53, "conf_low": 30.81, "decile": 9, "estimate": 31.16, "n_units": 1969, "x": 49.93 }, { "conf_high": 30.01, "conf_low": 29.13, "decile": 10, "estimate": 29.56, "n_units": 1967, "x": 57.8 } ], "id": "loneliness_by_median_age", "spec": { "hi": "conf_high", "lo": "conf_low", "n": "n_units", "x": "x", "xDomain": [ 28, 58 ], "xLabel": "Median age, mean in each tenth of ZCTAs (years)", "y": "estimate", "yDomain": [ 26, 42 ], "yFormat": { "digits": 0 }, "yLabel": "Adults who feel lonely (%)" }, "subtitle": "Population-weighted mean of CDC PLACES modeled loneliness by decile of ZCTA median age, ZCTAs with an estimate and at least {fact:zcta_floor} residents", "title": "Modeled loneliness falls from {fact:lonely_age_d1} in the tenth of ZCTAs with the lowest median age to {fact:lonely_age_d10} in the tenth with the highest", "type": "line" }, "label": "By median age" } ] }, "subtitle": "CDC PLACES modeled loneliness (percent of adults, BRFSS 2023) by decile of ZCTA married share and of ZCTA median age, population-weighted", "title": "Modeled loneliness is higher in ZCTAs with fewer married adults and a younger population", "type": "tabs", "width": "wide" }