{
  "alt": "Dot plot with four density classes as rows and two dots in each. The loneliness dots move right from {fact:lonely_dens_low} in the sparsest class to {fact:lonely_dens_high} in the densest, and the depression dots move left from {fact:dep_dens_low} to {fact:dep_dens_high}.",
  "caption": "The point estimates of loneliness are higher in each denser class and those of depression lower, and the intervals of the sparsest and densest classes are apart, so the two modeled measures do not share one gradient. Each dot is a weighted mean with a 95% interval from a bootstrap over counties.",
  "data": [
    {
      "conf_high": 32.97,
      "conf_low": 32.65,
      "estimate": 32.81,
      "label": "Under 100 people per square mile",
      "measure": "Feeling lonely",
      "n_units": 9893
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 23.7,
      "conf_low": 23.39,
      "estimate": 23.55,
      "label": "Under 100 people per square mile",
      "measure": "Depression diagnosis",
      "n_units": 9893
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 33.38,
      "conf_low": 32.84,
      "estimate": 33.11,
      "label": "100 to 999 people per square mile",
      "measure": "Feeling lonely",
      "n_units": 5023
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 23.57,
      "conf_low": 23.08,
      "estimate": 23.32,
      "label": "100 to 999 people per square mile",
      "measure": "Depression diagnosis",
      "n_units": 5023
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 34.44,
      "conf_low": 33.44,
      "estimate": 33.94,
      "label": "1,000 to 4,999 people per square mile",
      "measure": "Feeling lonely",
      "n_units": 3262
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 22.02,
      "conf_low": 20.93,
      "estimate": 21.47,
      "label": "1,000 to 4,999 people per square mile",
      "measure": "Depression diagnosis",
      "n_units": 3262
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 38.9,
      "conf_low": 36.56,
      "estimate": 37.75,
      "label": "5,000 and over people per square mile",
      "measure": "Feeling lonely",
      "n_units": 1504
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 20.66,
      "conf_low": 18.89,
      "estimate": 19.65,
      "label": "5,000 and over people per square mile",
      "measure": "Depression diagnosis",
      "n_units": 1504
    }
  ],
  "id": "loneliness_by_density",
  "notes": [
    "Feeling lonely is the share of adults who say they feel lonely always, usually or sometimes. Depression is the share ever told by a health professional that they have a depressive disorder, which depends on access to diagnosis.",
    "Both are modeled from the same inputs. Density classes use ACS 2019-2023 residents per square mile of 2020 land area. Lower cuts are inclusive."
  ],
  "source": "CDC PLACES 2025 release (BRFSS 2023), ZCTA modeled estimates, and ZCTA population density from ACS 2019-2023 residents and 2020 TIGER land area; modeled estimates, population-weighted by adults",
  "spec": {
    "colors": {
      "Depression diagnosis": "cat2",
      "Feeling lonely": "cat1"
    },
    "group": "measure",
    "hi": "conf_high",
    "lo": "conf_low",
    "n": "n_units",
    "sort": "data",
    "x": "estimate",
    "xDomain": [
      15,
      42
    ],
    "xFormat": {
      "digits": 1
    },
    "xLabel": "Adults (%)",
    "y": "label"
  },
  "subtitle": "Population-weighted mean of two CDC PLACES modeled measures (percent of adults, BRFSS 2023) by population density of the ZCTA, ZCTAs with both estimates and at least {fact:zcta_floor} residents",
  "title": "Modeled loneliness rises from {fact:lonely_dens_low} to {fact:lonely_dens_high} across density classes of ZCTAs while modeled depression falls from {fact:dep_dens_low} to {fact:dep_dens_high}",
  "type": "dot",
  "width": "wide"
}