{
  "alt": "Three bar charts of factor loadings, one per tab, sorted by size. The first factor loads strongly on home value, mortgage cost, family income, rent and white-collar work; the second on the poverty rate, the near-poverty share and income disparity; the third on crowding and the share of adults with little schooling.",
  "caption": "Each tab is one factor, and a long bar means the measure moves with that factor; bars pointing left load negatively. Housing money gathers the dollar measures and white-collar work, economic hardship gathers poverty and its relatives, and the third gathers crowding and little schooling. Loadings describe all the tracts in the frame and carry no interval.",
  "data": [],
  "id": "three_factors",
  "notes": [
    "Maximum-likelihood factor analysis of the population-weighted correlation matrix of the measures (the matrix in the first correlation figure), {fact:n_kaiser} factors chosen by the Kaiser criterion, varimax rotation. The fit starts from seeded random loadings and the solution does not depend on the seed. Each factor is signed so its largest loading is positive.",
    "The factors describe these measures, not deprivation in general: other measures would give other factors."
  ],
  "source": "ACS 2019-2023 five-year tract estimates (staged ACS file and Census API pull of housing measures); population-weighted (ACS tract population) correlation matrix",
  "spec": {
    "panels": [
      {
        "figure": {
          "alt": "Bar chart of loadings on the first factor: home value, mortgage cost, family income, rent and white-collar work have the longest bars to the right; the other measures have short bars.",
          "caption": "The five longest bars are the dollar measures and white-collar work.",
          "data": [
            {
              "loading": 0.93,
              "measure": "Mortgage cost"
            },
            {
              "loading": 0.9,
              "measure": "Home value"
            },
            {
              "loading": 0.75,
              "measure": "Gross rent"
            },
            {
              "loading": 0.75,
              "measure": "Family income"
            },
            {
              "loading": 0.64,
              "measure": "White-collar jobs"
            },
            {
              "loading": -0.37,
              "measure": "Below 150% of poverty"
            },
            {
              "loading": -0.29,
              "measure": "No plumbing"
            },
            {
              "loading": -0.27,
              "measure": "Single parents"
            },
            {
              "loading": -0.27,
              "measure": "Poverty"
            },
            {
              "loading": -0.25,
              "measure": "Income disparity"
            },
            {
              "loading": 0.16,
              "measure": "No vehicle"
            },
            {
              "loading": 0.1,
              "measure": "Crowding"
            },
            {
              "loading": -0.09,
              "measure": "Homeownership"
            },
            {
              "loading": -0.08,
              "measure": "Under 9 years of school"
            },
            {
              "loading": -0.06,
              "measure": "Unemployment"
            }
          ],
          "id": "factor_money",
          "spec": {
            "category": "measure",
            "categoryLabel": "Measure",
            "diverging": true,
            "domain": [
              -1,
              1
            ],
            "format": {
              "digits": 2,
              "signed": true
            },
            "orientation": "h",
            "sort": "data",
            "value": "loading",
            "valueLabel": "Loading on the factor"
          },
          "subtitle": "Loadings on the housing money factor, which holds {fact:fa_share_money} of the variance of the measures",
          "title": "Home value, mortgage cost, family income, rent and white-collar work load on the housing money factor",
          "type": "bar"
        },
        "label": "Housing money"
      },
      {
        "figure": {
          "alt": "Bar chart of loadings on the second factor: the poverty rate and the near-poverty share have the longest bars to the right, followed by income disparity, with homeownership pointing left.",
          "caption": "Poverty and near-poverty have the longest bars, and homeownership loads in the opposite direction.",
          "data": [
            {
              "loading": 0.9,
              "measure": "Poverty"
            },
            {
              "loading": 0.86,
              "measure": "Below 150% of poverty"
            },
            {
              "loading": 0.57,
              "measure": "Income disparity"
            },
            {
              "loading": -0.56,
              "measure": "Homeownership"
            },
            {
              "loading": 0.47,
              "measure": "No vehicle"
            },
            {
              "loading": 0.41,
              "measure": "Unemployment"
            },
            {
              "loading": -0.41,
              "measure": "Family income"
            },
            {
              "loading": 0.4,
              "measure": "Single parents"
            },
            {
              "loading": -0.28,
              "measure": "White-collar jobs"
            },
            {
              "loading": 0.26,
              "measure": "Under 9 years of school"
            },
            {
              "loading": 0.26,
              "measure": "No plumbing"
            },
            {
              "loading": 0.23,
              "measure": "Crowding"
            },
            {
              "loading": -0.22,
              "measure": "Gross rent"
            },
            {
              "loading": -0.14,
              "measure": "Mortgage cost"
            },
            {
              "loading": -0.08,
              "measure": "Home value"
            }
          ],
          "id": "factor_hardship",
          "spec": {
            "category": "measure",
            "categoryLabel": "Measure",
            "diverging": true,
            "domain": [
              -1,
              1
            ],
            "format": {
              "digits": 2,
              "signed": true
            },
            "orientation": "h",
            "sort": "data",
            "value": "loading",
            "valueLabel": "Loading on the factor"
          },
          "subtitle": "Loadings on the economic hardship factor, which holds {fact:fa_share_hardship} of the variance of the measures",
          "title": "The poverty rate, near-poverty share and income disparity load on the economic hardship factor",
          "type": "bar"
        },
        "label": "Economic hardship"
      },
      {
        "figure": {
          "alt": "Bar chart of loadings on the third factor: crowding and the share of adults who left school before ninth grade have the longest bars to the right, white-collar work has a shorter bar to the left, and the other measures have shorter bars still.",
          "caption": "Two bars stand out, crowding and little schooling, which correlate {fact:r_crowd_edu} with each other, and white-collar work loads in the opposite direction.",
          "data": [
            {
              "loading": 0.75,
              "measure": "Crowding"
            },
            {
              "loading": 0.72,
              "measure": "Under 9 years of school"
            },
            {
              "loading": -0.49,
              "measure": "White-collar jobs"
            },
            {
              "loading": 0.33,
              "measure": "Single parents"
            },
            {
              "loading": -0.32,
              "measure": "Family income"
            },
            {
              "loading": -0.3,
              "measure": "Homeownership"
            },
            {
              "loading": 0.26,
              "measure": "Below 150% of poverty"
            },
            {
              "loading": 0.19,
              "measure": "Unemployment"
            },
            {
              "loading": 0.15,
              "measure": "Poverty"
            },
            {
              "loading": 0.15,
              "measure": "No vehicle"
            },
            {
              "loading": 0.06,
              "measure": "Gross rent"
            },
            {
              "loading": 0.05,
              "measure": "Home value"
            },
            {
              "loading": 0.05,
              "measure": "Mortgage cost"
            },
            {
              "loading": -0.04,
              "measure": "No plumbing"
            },
            {
              "loading": 0.02,
              "measure": "Income disparity"
            }
          ],
          "id": "factor_crowd",
          "spec": {
            "category": "measure",
            "categoryLabel": "Measure",
            "diverging": true,
            "domain": [
              -1,
              1
            ],
            "format": {
              "digits": 2,
              "signed": true
            },
            "orientation": "h",
            "sort": "data",
            "value": "loading",
            "valueLabel": "Loading on the factor"
          },
          "subtitle": "Loadings on the crowding and schooling factor, which holds {fact:fa_share_crowd} of the variance of the measures",
          "title": "Crowding and the share of adults with little schooling load on the third factor",
          "type": "bar"
        },
        "label": "Crowding and schooling"
      }
    ]
  },
  "subtitle": "Varimax-rotated loadings of the {fact:n_rebuilt} standardized measures on {fact:n_kaiser} maximum-likelihood factors, {fact:n_tracts} tracts, ACS 2019 to 2023",
  "title": "The measures sort into housing money, economic hardship, and crowding with little schooling, which together hold {fact:fa_total} of their variance",
  "type": "tabs",
  "width": "wide"
}