{
  "alt": "Line chart of the mean number of stacked air hazards across ten deciles for three ways of sorting tracts. The Hispanic-share line rises from left to right. The Black-share line rises to the sixth decile, is level from the sixth to the ninth and rises in the tenth. The line for the deprivation index falls to the ninth decile and rises slightly in the tenth.",
  "caption": "The Hispanic-share line climbs most, from {fact:stack_hisp_lo} to {fact:stack_hisp_hi}, and the deprivation line runs the other way, from {fact:stack_adi_lo} in the least deprived decile to {fact:stack_adi_hi} in the most deprived. A hazard is stacked when the tract's national percentile is at least {fact:stack_cut}, and the score counts the {fact:stack_n_haz} hazards PM₂.₅, diesel PM, NO₂, traffic proximity and toxic releases to air. The second view shows the share of residents in tracts with {fact:heavy_min} or more stacked hazards.",
  "data": [
    {
      "conf_high": 0.99,
      "conf_low": 0.64,
      "decile": 1,
      "estimate": 0.8,
      "measure": "score",
      "n_units": 8809,
      "sorted_by": "Black alone share"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 15.06,
      "conf_low": 6.03,
      "decile": 1,
      "estimate": 10.17,
      "measure": "heavy",
      "n_units": 8809,
      "sorted_by": "Black alone share"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 1.04,
      "conf_low": 0.65,
      "decile": 2,
      "estimate": 0.84,
      "measure": "score",
      "n_units": 7786,
      "sorted_by": "Black alone share"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 17.05,
      "conf_low": 6.94,
      "decile": 2,
      "estimate": 11.71,
      "measure": "heavy",
      "n_units": 7786,
      "sorted_by": "Black alone share"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 1.27,
      "conf_low": 0.83,
      "decile": 3,
      "estimate": 1.04,
      "measure": "score",
      "n_units": 8300,
      "sorted_by": "Black alone share"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 22.1,
      "conf_low": 10.42,
      "decile": 3,
      "estimate": 16.08,
      "measure": "heavy",
      "n_units": 8300,
      "sorted_by": "Black alone share"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 1.43,
      "conf_low": 0.98,
      "decile": 4,
      "estimate": 1.2,
      "measure": "score",
      "n_units": 8299,
      "sorted_by": "Black alone share"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 25.58,
      "conf_low": 13.37,
      "decile": 4,
      "estimate": 19.37,
      "measure": "heavy",
      "n_units": 8299,
      "sorted_by": "Black alone share"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 1.58,
      "conf_low": 1.12,
      "decile": 5,
      "estimate": 1.35,
      "measure": "score",
      "n_units": 8301,
      "sorted_by": "Black alone share"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 28.92,
      "conf_low": 16.4,
      "decile": 5,
      "estimate": 22.71,
      "measure": "heavy",
      "n_units": 8301,
      "sorted_by": "Black alone share"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 1.68,
      "conf_low": 1.17,
      "decile": 6,
      "estimate": 1.43,
      "measure": "score",
      "n_units": 8300,
      "sorted_by": "Black alone share"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 31.73,
      "conf_low": 18.17,
      "decile": 6,
      "estimate": 25.08,
      "measure": "heavy",
      "n_units": 8300,
      "sorted_by": "Black alone share"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 1.57,
      "conf_low": 1.16,
      "decile": 7,
      "estimate": 1.36,
      "measure": "score",
      "n_units": 8301,
      "sorted_by": "Black alone share"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 28.24,
      "conf_low": 17.1,
      "decile": 7,
      "estimate": 22.71,
      "measure": "heavy",
      "n_units": 8301,
      "sorted_by": "Black alone share"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 1.6,
      "conf_low": 1.16,
      "decile": 8,
      "estimate": 1.38,
      "measure": "score",
      "n_units": 8299,
      "sorted_by": "Black alone share"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 28.79,
      "conf_low": 17.03,
      "decile": 8,
      "estimate": 22.94,
      "measure": "heavy",
      "n_units": 8299,
      "sorted_by": "Black alone share"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 1.59,
      "conf_low": 1.16,
      "decile": 9,
      "estimate": 1.37,
      "measure": "score",
      "n_units": 8300,
      "sorted_by": "Black alone share"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 30.34,
      "conf_low": 17.82,
      "decile": 9,
      "estimate": 24.06,
      "measure": "heavy",
      "n_units": 8300,
      "sorted_by": "Black alone share"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 2,
      "conf_low": 1.4,
      "decile": 10,
      "estimate": 1.7,
      "measure": "score",
      "n_units": 8298,
      "sorted_by": "Black alone share"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 40.2,
      "conf_low": 23.19,
      "decile": 10,
      "estimate": 31.97,
      "measure": "heavy",
      "n_units": 8298,
      "sorted_by": "Black alone share"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.75,
      "conf_low": 0.47,
      "decile": 1,
      "estimate": 0.6,
      "measure": "score",
      "n_units": 8295,
      "sorted_by": "Hispanic or Latino share"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 9.79,
      "conf_low": 3.68,
      "decile": 1,
      "estimate": 6.44,
      "measure": "heavy",
      "n_units": 8295,
      "sorted_by": "Hispanic or Latino share"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.72,
      "conf_low": 0.53,
      "decile": 2,
      "estimate": 0.62,
      "measure": "score",
      "n_units": 8300,
      "sorted_by": "Hispanic or Latino share"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 8.77,
      "conf_low": 4.74,
      "decile": 2,
      "estimate": 6.68,
      "measure": "heavy",
      "n_units": 8300,
      "sorted_by": "Hispanic or Latino share"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.85,
      "conf_low": 0.65,
      "decile": 3,
      "estimate": 0.75,
      "measure": "score",
      "n_units": 8299,
      "sorted_by": "Hispanic or Latino share"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 10.63,
      "conf_low": 6,
      "decile": 3,
      "estimate": 8.29,
      "measure": "heavy",
      "n_units": 8299,
      "sorted_by": "Hispanic or Latino share"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 1.01,
      "conf_low": 0.78,
      "decile": 4,
      "estimate": 0.89,
      "measure": "score",
      "n_units": 8300,
      "sorted_by": "Hispanic or Latino share"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 14.68,
      "conf_low": 8.62,
      "decile": 4,
      "estimate": 11.6,
      "measure": "heavy",
      "n_units": 8300,
      "sorted_by": "Hispanic or Latino share"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 1.21,
      "conf_low": 0.93,
      "decile": 5,
      "estimate": 1.07,
      "measure": "score",
      "n_units": 8300,
      "sorted_by": "Hispanic or Latino share"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 18.85,
      "conf_low": 10.9,
      "decile": 5,
      "estimate": 14.9,
      "measure": "heavy",
      "n_units": 8300,
      "sorted_by": "Hispanic or Latino share"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 1.34,
      "conf_low": 1,
      "decile": 6,
      "estimate": 1.17,
      "measure": "score",
      "n_units": 8300,
      "sorted_by": "Hispanic or Latino share"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 22.3,
      "conf_low": 12.9,
      "decile": 6,
      "estimate": 17.6,
      "measure": "heavy",
      "n_units": 8300,
      "sorted_by": "Hispanic or Latino share"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 1.53,
      "conf_low": 1.14,
      "decile": 7,
      "estimate": 1.34,
      "measure": "score",
      "n_units": 8301,
      "sorted_by": "Hispanic or Latino share"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 27.59,
      "conf_low": 16.8,
      "decile": 7,
      "estimate": 22.27,
      "measure": "heavy",
      "n_units": 8301,
      "sorted_by": "Hispanic or Latino share"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 1.78,
      "conf_low": 1.3,
      "decile": 8,
      "estimate": 1.54,
      "measure": "score",
      "n_units": 8301,
      "sorted_by": "Hispanic or Latino share"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 34.26,
      "conf_low": 20.32,
      "decile": 8,
      "estimate": 27.64,
      "measure": "heavy",
      "n_units": 8301,
      "sorted_by": "Hispanic or Latino share"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 2.07,
      "conf_low": 1.55,
      "decile": 9,
      "estimate": 1.82,
      "measure": "score",
      "n_units": 8298,
      "sorted_by": "Hispanic or Latino share"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 42.31,
      "conf_low": 27.17,
      "decile": 9,
      "estimate": 35.04,
      "measure": "heavy",
      "n_units": 8298,
      "sorted_by": "Hispanic or Latino share"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 2.79,
      "conf_low": 1.84,
      "decile": 10,
      "estimate": 2.34,
      "measure": "score",
      "n_units": 8299,
      "sorted_by": "Hispanic or Latino share"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 60.69,
      "conf_low": 34.8,
      "decile": 10,
      "estimate": 48.84,
      "measure": "heavy",
      "n_units": 8299,
      "sorted_by": "Hispanic or Latino share"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 2.49,
      "conf_low": 1.67,
      "decile": 1,
      "estimate": 2.13,
      "measure": "score",
      "n_units": 8146,
      "sorted_by": "Area Deprivation Index rank"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 56.35,
      "conf_low": 29.54,
      "decile": 1,
      "estimate": 44.46,
      "measure": "heavy",
      "n_units": 8146,
      "sorted_by": "Area Deprivation Index rank"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 2.26,
      "conf_low": 1.34,
      "decile": 2,
      "estimate": 1.79,
      "measure": "score",
      "n_units": 8292,
      "sorted_by": "Area Deprivation Index rank"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 47.03,
      "conf_low": 22.05,
      "decile": 2,
      "estimate": 34.58,
      "measure": "heavy",
      "n_units": 8292,
      "sorted_by": "Area Deprivation Index rank"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 1.63,
      "conf_low": 1.16,
      "decile": 3,
      "estimate": 1.38,
      "measure": "score",
      "n_units": 8204,
      "sorted_by": "Area Deprivation Index rank"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 30.43,
      "conf_low": 17.64,
      "decile": 3,
      "estimate": 24.07,
      "measure": "heavy",
      "n_units": 8204,
      "sorted_by": "Area Deprivation Index rank"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 1.39,
      "conf_low": 1.03,
      "decile": 4,
      "estimate": 1.21,
      "measure": "score",
      "n_units": 8184,
      "sorted_by": "Area Deprivation Index rank"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 23.21,
      "conf_low": 13.37,
      "decile": 4,
      "estimate": 18.35,
      "measure": "heavy",
      "n_units": 8184,
      "sorted_by": "Area Deprivation Index rank"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 1.3,
      "conf_low": 0.92,
      "decile": 5,
      "estimate": 1.11,
      "measure": "score",
      "n_units": 8416,
      "sorted_by": "Area Deprivation Index rank"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 21.04,
      "conf_low": 10.84,
      "decile": 5,
      "estimate": 15.92,
      "measure": "heavy",
      "n_units": 8416,
      "sorted_by": "Area Deprivation Index rank"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 1.24,
      "conf_low": 0.85,
      "decile": 6,
      "estimate": 1.04,
      "measure": "score",
      "n_units": 8052,
      "sorted_by": "Area Deprivation Index rank"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 20.28,
      "conf_low": 9.73,
      "decile": 6,
      "estimate": 14.88,
      "measure": "heavy",
      "n_units": 8052,
      "sorted_by": "Area Deprivation Index rank"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 1.22,
      "conf_low": 0.78,
      "decile": 7,
      "estimate": 0.98,
      "measure": "score",
      "n_units": 8161,
      "sorted_by": "Area Deprivation Index rank"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 19.91,
      "conf_low": 8.44,
      "decile": 7,
      "estimate": 13.88,
      "measure": "heavy",
      "n_units": 8161,
      "sorted_by": "Area Deprivation Index rank"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 1.04,
      "conf_low": 0.71,
      "decile": 8,
      "estimate": 0.87,
      "measure": "score",
      "n_units": 8288,
      "sorted_by": "Area Deprivation Index rank"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 16.11,
      "conf_low": 7.58,
      "decile": 8,
      "estimate": 11.47,
      "measure": "heavy",
      "n_units": 8288,
      "sorted_by": "Area Deprivation Index rank"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.97,
      "conf_low": 0.66,
      "decile": 9,
      "estimate": 0.8,
      "measure": "score",
      "n_units": 8247,
      "sorted_by": "Area Deprivation Index rank"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 14.7,
      "conf_low": 6.77,
      "decile": 9,
      "estimate": 10.4,
      "measure": "heavy",
      "n_units": 8247,
      "sorted_by": "Area Deprivation Index rank"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 1.17,
      "conf_low": 0.79,
      "decile": 10,
      "estimate": 0.98,
      "measure": "score",
      "n_units": 8203,
      "sorted_by": "Area Deprivation Index rank"
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 19.56,
      "conf_low": 9.71,
      "decile": 10,
      "estimate": 14.49,
      "measure": "heavy",
      "n_units": 8203,
      "sorted_by": "Area Deprivation Index rank"
    }
  ],
  "id": "stacked_exposure",
  "notes": [
    "Deciles hold nearly equal numbers of tracts, tracts with the same value go to the same decile, and the lowest Black-share decile holds all {fact:n_black_zero} tracts with no Black alone residents. Bands are 95% intervals from a bootstrap over counties. The lines are not monotone in every step: the Black-share line is level from the sixth to the ninth decile and the deprivation line rises slightly in the tenth.",
    "Ozone is not counted. It forms in the air from other pollutants and does not mark a local source, as the other five hazards do. A count of six that adds ozone has the same ordering across the three lines.",
    "The analysis covers the contiguous states and the District of Columbia, because EJScreen has no PM₂.₅ or ozone estimate for the {fact:n_no_pm25} tracts in Alaska, Hawaii and Puerto Rico.",
    "Hispanic or Latino residents can be of any race and Black alone residents can be of any ethnicity, so the groups overlap."
  ],
  "source": "EPA EJScreen 2024 and ACS 2019-2023; population-weighted means, modeled estimates",
  "spec": {
    "colors": {
      "Area Deprivation Index rank": "highlight",
      "Black alone share": "black",
      "Hispanic or Latino share": "hispanic"
    },
    "hi": "conf_high",
    "lo": "conf_low",
    "n": "n_units",
    "series": "sorted_by",
    "x": "decile",
    "xDomain": [
      1,
      10
    ],
    "xLabel": "Decile of the sorting variable (1 = lowest value, 10 = highest)",
    "xTicks": "data",
    "y": "estimate",
    "yDomain": [
      0,
      3
    ],
    "yFormat": {
      "digits": 1
    },
    "yLabel": "Mean number of stacked air hazards (0 to 5)"
  },
  "subtitle": "Mean number of five air hazards in the top quarter of tracts, by decile of tract Black alone share, Hispanic or Latino share and ADI national rank, population-weighted, up to {fact:n_stack_tracts} tracts",
  "title": "Residents of tracts in the highest Black-share decile live with {fact:stack_black_hi} stacked air hazards on average, against {fact:stack_black_lo} in the lowest, and the score falls across deprivation deciles",
  "type": "line",
  "views": [
    {
      "filter": {
        "measure": "score"
      },
      "id": "score",
      "label": "Mean number of stacked hazards"
    },
    {
      "filter": {
        "measure": "heavy"
      },
      "id": "heavy",
      "label": "Share of residents with three or more",
      "spec": {
        "yDomain": [
          0,
          70
        ],
        "yLabel": "Residents in tracts with three or more stacked hazards (%)"
      }
    }
  ]
}