{
  "alt": "A grid of {fact:n_indicators} pollution indicators by three tract characteristics, with the correlation printed in each cell. In the air rows the deprivation column is negative for ozone, diesel PM, NO₂ and traffic and faded for PM₂.₅ and toxic releases. The Hispanic column is positive except for toxic releases, and the Black column is positive for diesel PM, NO₂, traffic and toxic releases and faded for PM₂.₅ and ozone. Lead paint is positive with deprivation, and storage tanks and drinking-water violations are faded.",
  "caption": "In the air rows the deprivation column is negative for ozone, diesel PM, NO₂ and traffic, and the PM₂.₅ and toxic-release cells include zero. The Hispanic column is positive for PM₂.₅, ozone, diesel PM, NO₂ and traffic, and the Black column is positive for diesel PM, NO₂, traffic and toxic releases. Among the old-housing and infrastructure rows only lead paint is clearly positive with deprivation. Each cell prints the correlation, and cells whose interval includes zero are faded. The interval is the wider of the 95% interval from a bootstrap over counties and the one from a bootstrap over states.",
  "data": [
    {
      "against": "Area Deprivation Index",
      "conf_high": 0.101,
      "conf_low": -0.378,
      "county_high": -0.06,
      "county_low": -0.289,
      "group": "Air",
      "indicator": "PM2.5",
      "n": 82198,
      "r": -0.176,
      "state_high": 0.101,
      "state_low": -0.378
    },
    {
      "against": "Hispanic or Latino share",
      "conf_high": 0.422,
      "conf_low": 0.069,
      "county_high": 0.396,
      "county_low": 0.217,
      "group": "Air",
      "indicator": "PM2.5",
      "n": 83008,
      "r": 0.315,
      "state_high": 0.422,
      "state_low": 0.069
    },
    {
      "against": "Black alone share",
      "conf_high": 0.24,
      "conf_low": -0.075,
      "county_high": 0.118,
      "county_low": 0,
      "group": "Air",
      "indicator": "PM2.5",
      "n": 83008,
      "r": 0.06,
      "state_high": 0.24,
      "state_low": -0.075
    },
    {
      "against": "Area Deprivation Index",
      "conf_high": -0.044,
      "conf_low": -0.361,
      "county_high": -0.132,
      "county_low": -0.352,
      "group": "Air",
      "indicator": "Ozone",
      "n": 82198,
      "r": -0.244,
      "state_high": -0.044,
      "state_low": -0.361
    },
    {
      "against": "Hispanic or Latino share",
      "conf_high": 0.445,
      "conf_low": 0.172,
      "county_high": 0.418,
      "county_low": 0.236,
      "group": "Air",
      "indicator": "Ozone",
      "n": 83008,
      "r": 0.336,
      "state_high": 0.445,
      "state_low": 0.172
    },
    {
      "against": "Black alone share",
      "conf_high": 0.063,
      "conf_low": -0.167,
      "county_high": -0.01,
      "county_low": -0.122,
      "group": "Air",
      "indicator": "Ozone",
      "n": 83008,
      "r": -0.066,
      "state_high": 0.063,
      "state_low": -0.167
    },
    {
      "against": "Area Deprivation Index",
      "conf_high": -0.254,
      "conf_low": -0.455,
      "county_high": -0.301,
      "county_low": -0.452,
      "group": "Air",
      "indicator": "Diesel PM",
      "n": 82198,
      "r": -0.377,
      "state_high": -0.254,
      "state_low": -0.455
    },
    {
      "against": "Hispanic or Latino share",
      "conf_high": 0.457,
      "conf_low": 0.173,
      "county_high": 0.409,
      "county_low": 0.258,
      "group": "Air",
      "indicator": "Diesel PM",
      "n": 82998,
      "r": 0.34,
      "state_high": 0.457,
      "state_low": 0.173
    },
    {
      "against": "Black alone share",
      "conf_high": 0.277,
      "conf_low": 0.087,
      "county_high": 0.227,
      "county_low": 0.131,
      "group": "Air",
      "indicator": "Diesel PM",
      "n": 82998,
      "r": 0.179,
      "state_high": 0.277,
      "state_low": 0.087
    },
    {
      "against": "Area Deprivation Index",
      "conf_high": -0.047,
      "conf_low": -0.286,
      "county_high": -0.103,
      "county_low": -0.266,
      "group": "Air",
      "indicator": "Nitrogen dioxide",
      "n": 82193,
      "r": -0.182,
      "state_high": -0.047,
      "state_low": -0.286
    },
    {
      "against": "Hispanic or Latino share",
      "conf_high": 0.455,
      "conf_low": 0.34,
      "county_high": 0.455,
      "county_low": 0.345,
      "group": "Air",
      "indicator": "Nitrogen dioxide",
      "n": 83003,
      "r": 0.402,
      "state_high": 0.447,
      "state_low": 0.34
    },
    {
      "against": "Black alone share",
      "conf_high": 0.245,
      "conf_low": 0.058,
      "county_high": 0.189,
      "county_low": 0.098,
      "group": "Air",
      "indicator": "Nitrogen dioxide",
      "n": 83003,
      "r": 0.145,
      "state_high": 0.245,
      "state_low": 0.058
    },
    {
      "against": "Area Deprivation Index",
      "conf_high": -0.247,
      "conf_low": -0.516,
      "county_high": -0.331,
      "county_low": -0.492,
      "group": "Air",
      "indicator": "Traffic proximity",
      "n": 82198,
      "r": -0.413,
      "state_high": -0.247,
      "state_low": -0.516
    },
    {
      "against": "Hispanic or Latino share",
      "conf_high": 0.419,
      "conf_low": 0.219,
      "county_high": 0.401,
      "county_low": 0.267,
      "group": "Air",
      "indicator": "Traffic proximity",
      "n": 82998,
      "r": 0.333,
      "state_high": 0.419,
      "state_low": 0.219
    },
    {
      "against": "Black alone share",
      "conf_high": 0.289,
      "conf_low": 0.057,
      "county_high": 0.22,
      "county_low": 0.116,
      "group": "Air",
      "indicator": "Traffic proximity",
      "n": 82998,
      "r": 0.167,
      "state_high": 0.289,
      "state_low": 0.057
    },
    {
      "against": "Area Deprivation Index",
      "conf_high": 0.147,
      "conf_low": -0.063,
      "county_high": 0.13,
      "county_low": -0.001,
      "group": "Air",
      "indicator": "Toxic releases to air",
      "n": 82198,
      "r": 0.064,
      "state_high": 0.147,
      "state_low": -0.063
    },
    {
      "against": "Hispanic or Latino share",
      "conf_high": 0.087,
      "conf_low": -0.135,
      "county_high": 0.054,
      "county_low": -0.135,
      "group": "Air",
      "indicator": "Toxic releases to air",
      "n": 83008,
      "r": -0.037,
      "state_high": 0.087,
      "state_low": -0.109
    },
    {
      "against": "Black alone share",
      "conf_high": 0.221,
      "conf_low": 0.101,
      "county_high": 0.202,
      "county_low": 0.115,
      "group": "Air",
      "indicator": "Toxic releases to air",
      "n": 83008,
      "r": 0.162,
      "state_high": 0.221,
      "state_low": 0.101
    },
    {
      "against": "Area Deprivation Index",
      "conf_high": -0.102,
      "conf_low": -0.302,
      "county_high": -0.141,
      "county_low": -0.273,
      "group": "Proximity and discharge",
      "indicator": "Superfund proximity",
      "n": 82198,
      "r": -0.21,
      "state_high": -0.102,
      "state_low": -0.302
    },
    {
      "against": "Hispanic or Latino share",
      "conf_high": 0.213,
      "conf_low": 0.048,
      "county_high": 0.2,
      "county_low": 0.062,
      "group": "Proximity and discharge",
      "indicator": "Superfund proximity",
      "n": 82998,
      "r": 0.134,
      "state_high": 0.213,
      "state_low": 0.048
    },
    {
      "against": "Black alone share",
      "conf_high": 0.152,
      "conf_low": 0.006,
      "county_high": 0.123,
      "county_low": 0.027,
      "group": "Proximity and discharge",
      "indicator": "Superfund proximity",
      "n": 82998,
      "r": 0.077,
      "state_high": 0.152,
      "state_low": 0.006
    },
    {
      "against": "Area Deprivation Index",
      "conf_high": 0.219,
      "conf_low": 0.001,
      "county_high": 0.177,
      "county_low": 0.016,
      "group": "Proximity and discharge",
      "indicator": "Risk-management facilities",
      "n": 82198,
      "r": 0.1,
      "state_high": 0.219,
      "state_low": 0.001
    },
    {
      "against": "Hispanic or Latino share",
      "conf_high": 0.324,
      "conf_low": 0.103,
      "county_high": 0.315,
      "county_low": 0.174,
      "group": "Proximity and discharge",
      "indicator": "Risk-management facilities",
      "n": 82998,
      "r": 0.248,
      "state_high": 0.324,
      "state_low": 0.103
    },
    {
      "against": "Black alone share",
      "conf_high": 0.2,
      "conf_low": 0.09,
      "county_high": 0.185,
      "county_low": 0.092,
      "group": "Proximity and discharge",
      "indicator": "Risk-management facilities",
      "n": 82998,
      "r": 0.142,
      "state_high": 0.2,
      "state_low": 0.09
    },
    {
      "against": "Area Deprivation Index",
      "conf_high": -0.154,
      "conf_low": -0.497,
      "county_high": -0.266,
      "county_low": -0.45,
      "group": "Proximity and discharge",
      "indicator": "Hazardous-waste facilities",
      "n": 82198,
      "r": -0.363,
      "state_high": -0.154,
      "state_low": -0.497
    },
    {
      "against": "Hispanic or Latino share",
      "conf_high": 0.405,
      "conf_low": 0.128,
      "county_high": 0.358,
      "county_low": 0.192,
      "group": "Proximity and discharge",
      "indicator": "Hazardous-waste facilities",
      "n": 82998,
      "r": 0.274,
      "state_high": 0.405,
      "state_low": 0.128
    },
    {
      "against": "Black alone share",
      "conf_high": 0.259,
      "conf_low": 0.015,
      "county_high": 0.185,
      "county_low": 0.079,
      "group": "Proximity and discharge",
      "indicator": "Hazardous-waste facilities",
      "n": 82998,
      "r": 0.131,
      "state_high": 0.259,
      "state_low": 0.015
    },
    {
      "against": "Area Deprivation Index",
      "conf_high": 0.035,
      "conf_low": -0.172,
      "county_high": -0.014,
      "county_low": -0.17,
      "group": "Proximity and discharge",
      "indicator": "Wastewater discharge",
      "n": 82198,
      "r": -0.092,
      "state_high": 0.035,
      "state_low": -0.172
    },
    {
      "against": "Hispanic or Latino share",
      "conf_high": 0.207,
      "conf_low": -0.07,
      "county_high": 0.164,
      "county_low": -0.036,
      "group": "Proximity and discharge",
      "indicator": "Wastewater discharge",
      "n": 82998,
      "r": 0.073,
      "state_high": 0.207,
      "state_low": -0.07
    },
    {
      "against": "Black alone share",
      "conf_high": 0.126,
      "conf_low": 0.007,
      "county_high": 0.112,
      "county_low": 0.011,
      "group": "Proximity and discharge",
      "indicator": "Wastewater discharge",
      "n": 82998,
      "r": 0.061,
      "state_high": 0.126,
      "state_low": 0.007
    },
    {
      "against": "Area Deprivation Index",
      "conf_high": 0.342,
      "conf_low": 0.04,
      "county_high": 0.258,
      "county_low": 0.06,
      "group": "Old housing and infrastructure",
      "indicator": "Lead paint (housing built before 1960)",
      "n": 82198,
      "r": 0.16,
      "state_high": 0.342,
      "state_low": 0.04
    },
    {
      "against": "Hispanic or Latino share",
      "conf_high": 0.131,
      "conf_low": -0.087,
      "county_high": 0.107,
      "county_low": -0.058,
      "group": "Old housing and infrastructure",
      "indicator": "Lead paint (housing built before 1960)",
      "n": 83008,
      "r": 0.019,
      "state_high": 0.131,
      "state_low": -0.087
    },
    {
      "against": "Black alone share",
      "conf_high": 0.126,
      "conf_low": 0.002,
      "county_high": 0.113,
      "county_low": 0.007,
      "group": "Old housing and infrastructure",
      "indicator": "Lead paint (housing built before 1960)",
      "n": 83008,
      "r": 0.062,
      "state_high": 0.126,
      "state_low": 0.002
    },
    {
      "against": "Area Deprivation Index",
      "conf_high": 0.461,
      "conf_low": -0.039,
      "county_high": 0.365,
      "county_low": 0.126,
      "group": "Old housing and infrastructure",
      "indicator": "Underground storage tanks",
      "n": 82198,
      "r": 0.253,
      "state_high": 0.461,
      "state_low": -0.039
    },
    {
      "against": "Hispanic or Latino share",
      "conf_high": 0.32,
      "conf_low": -0.294,
      "county_high": 0.104,
      "county_low": -0.177,
      "group": "Old housing and infrastructure",
      "indicator": "Underground storage tanks",
      "n": 83008,
      "r": -0.037,
      "state_high": 0.32,
      "state_low": -0.294
    },
    {
      "against": "Black alone share",
      "conf_high": 0.317,
      "conf_low": 0.216,
      "county_high": 0.298,
      "county_low": 0.243,
      "group": "Old housing and infrastructure",
      "indicator": "Underground storage tanks",
      "n": 83008,
      "r": 0.271,
      "state_high": 0.317,
      "state_low": 0.216
    },
    {
      "against": "Area Deprivation Index",
      "conf_high": 0.209,
      "conf_low": -0.109,
      "county_high": 0.142,
      "county_low": -0.024,
      "group": "Old housing and infrastructure",
      "indicator": "Drinking-water violations",
      "n": 80047,
      "r": 0.063,
      "state_high": 0.209,
      "state_low": -0.109
    },
    {
      "against": "Hispanic or Latino share",
      "conf_high": 0.166,
      "conf_low": -0.142,
      "county_high": 0.077,
      "county_low": -0.098,
      "group": "Old housing and infrastructure",
      "indicator": "Drinking-water violations",
      "n": 80758,
      "r": -0.017,
      "state_high": 0.166,
      "state_low": -0.142
    },
    {
      "against": "Black alone share",
      "conf_high": 0.062,
      "conf_low": -0.107,
      "county_high": 0.027,
      "county_low": -0.065,
      "group": "Old housing and infrastructure",
      "indicator": "Drinking-water violations",
      "n": 80758,
      "r": -0.02,
      "state_high": 0.062,
      "state_low": -0.107
    }
  ],
  "id": "air_correlation_strip",
  "notes": [
    "Indicators are tract-level national percentiles; several are modeled estimates. Correlations use all tracts that have both values, so the count varies by cell. The data table gives the county and state intervals next to the wider one that the figure uses.",
    "Hispanic or Latino residents can be of any race and Black alone residents can be of any ethnicity, so the two columns overlap."
  ],
  "source": "EPA EJScreen 2024, Area Deprivation Index 2023 and ACS 2019-2023; population-weighted correlations, modeled estimates",
  "spec": {
    "col": "against",
    "colOrder": [
      "Area Deprivation Index",
      "Hispanic or Latino share",
      "Black alone share"
    ],
    "fadeUncertain": true,
    "hi": "conf_high",
    "lo": "conf_low",
    "n": "n",
    "row": "indicator",
    "rowOrder": [
      "PM2.5",
      "Ozone",
      "Diesel PM",
      "Nitrogen dioxide",
      "Traffic proximity",
      "Toxic releases to air",
      "Superfund proximity",
      "Risk-management facilities",
      "Hazardous-waste facilities",
      "Wastewater discharge",
      "Lead paint (housing built before 1960)",
      "Underground storage tanks",
      "Drinking-water violations"
    ],
    "scale": {
      "domain": [
        -0.5,
        0,
        0.5
      ],
      "palette": "neutral",
      "type": "diverging"
    },
    "showValues": true,
    "value": "r",
    "valueFormat": {
      "digits": 2,
      "signed": true
    }
  },
  "subtitle": "Population-weighted correlation of {fact:n_indicators} EJScreen national percentiles with the ADI national rank, Hispanic or Latino share and Black alone share, across tracts",
  "title": "Pollution percentiles correlate negatively with deprivation for {fact:n_air_adi_neg} of {fact:n_air_ind} air indicators and positively with Hispanic share for {fact:n_air_hisp_pos}",
  "type": "heatmap",
  "width": "body"
}