# How far one ranking goes: report

Chapter 9.1 of ZIP Code Destiny, by Vishal Singh (NYU Stern). Generated from the chapter's data files; the reading version is at https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/how-far-one-ranking-goes. Table n of this report is figure n of the chapter.

## Identification

- Title: How far one ranking goes
- Label: One ranking, many outcomes
- Chapter: 9.1 (Part IX, Reading the patterns; Reading the patterns)
- Question: Across the outcomes in this book, how often does an outcome change steadily from the least to the most deprived places, and where does it change little or run the other way?
- Dek: Of 30 outcome gradients drawn from 18 chapters, 17 are steadily worse toward the more deprived end of the ranking each chapter uses, 5 are better there, and 2 show no detectable difference between the least and the most deprived places.
- Grain: neighborhoods
- Status: draft
- Published: 2026-10-28
- Updated: not revised
- Data sources:
  - Area Deprivation Index. Area Deprivation Index tenths, fifths or quarters of tracts or counties, as each chapter defines them; district income tenths for the gender gaps; years: 2023 release (version 4.0.1; built on ACS 2019-2023); weights: as in each chapter
  - Published estimates from cited studies. None in the table; the chapter reads only this book's own figures; years: as reported in each study; weights: not applicable
- Canonical URL: https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/how-far-one-ranking-goes
- Report: https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/how-far-one-ranking-goes/report
- Markdown: https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/how-far-one-ranking-goes/report.md
- BibTeX key: singh2026howfaronerankinggoes

```bibtex
@misc{singh2026howfaronerankinggoes,
  author = {Singh, Vishal},
  title = {How far one ranking goes},
  year = {2026},
  url = {https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/how-far-one-ranking-goes},
  note = {In ZIP Code Destiny. Published 28 October 2026.}
}
```

## Principal estimates

The facts the dek and the opening prose cite, in order of appearance.

| Estimand | Population | Period | Value | Interval | n | Weights | Source | Fact id |
| --- | --- | --- | ---: | --- | ---: | --- | --- | --- |
| count of rows of the pattern table that meet the stated rule | outcome gradients that the chapters of this book publish by bins of a ranking of places | as in each chapter | 30 |   |   | none (count of rows) | Area Deprivation Index | n_rows |
| count of rows of the pattern table that meet the stated rule | outcome gradients that the chapters of this book publish by bins of a ranking of places | as in each chapter | 18 |   |   | none (count of rows) | Area Deprivation Index | n_chapters |
| count of rows of the pattern table that meet the stated rule | outcome gradients that the chapters of this book publish by bins of a ranking of places | as in each chapter | 17 |   |   | none (count of rows) | Area Deprivation Index | n_steady_worse |
| count of rows of the pattern table that meet the stated rule | outcome gradients that the chapters of this book publish by bins of a ranking of places | as in each chapter | 5 |   |   | none (count of rows) | Area Deprivation Index | n_better |
| count of rows of the pattern table that meet the stated rule | outcome gradients that the chapters of this book publish by bins of a ranking of places | as in each chapter | 2 |   |   | none (count of rows) | Area Deprivation Index | n_flat |
| count of rows of the pattern table that meet the stated rule | outcome gradients that the chapters of this book publish by bins of a ranking of places | as in each chapter | 3 |   |   | none (count of rows) | Area Deprivation Index | n_uneven_worse |

## Findings

Of 30 outcome gradients that 18 chapters of this book publish by bins of a ranking of places, 17 are steadily worse toward the more deprived end, 3 are worse there but uneven along the way, 5 are better at the deprived end, and 2 show no detectable difference between the least and the most deprived places (Table 1). The common ordering of places describes much of the book, and the exceptions are concentrated in housing costs, air pollution, the use of care and the county geography of overdose, suicide and homicide.

This chapter reads those gradients side by side. Each keeps its own units, places, period and ranking. Most rows rank tracts or counties by the Area Deprivation Index, and the gender gaps in test scores rank school districts by median household income. The rows describe different places in different years, so the chapter counts patterns under a stated rule and does not compare the size of one outcome's difference with another's.

Table 1. Of 30 outcome gradients, 17 are steadily worse toward the more deprived end, 5 are better there and 2 show no detectable difference between the ends

### The rule that sorts the gradients

A gradient is a list of means, one for each tenth, fifth or quarter of places from the least to the most deprived. The chapter asks two things of each list. First, whether the two ends differ, which it answers by whether the 95% intervals of the first and last bins overlap. Second, whether the means change steadily along the way, which it answers with the rank correlation between the order of the bins and their means. A row whose ends differ is steady when that correlation is at least 0.9 in absolute value, and uneven otherwise.

The classification depends on two choices, an interval test at the ends and a threshold on the rank correlation, and a different choice would move rows near the boundary.

Method note, How a gradient is classified: Non-overlapping intervals at the two ends are a conservative test of a difference. The rank correlation is computed over the published bin means, each bin counted once. Where higher or lower values are worse for residents, the row records which end is worse; outcomes without such a reading are classified by shape alone.

Where an outcome has a direction that is worse for residents, such as a higher death rate or a lower turnout, the table records whether the deprived end is worse or better. 4 rows carry no such reading: the gender gaps in reading and math, the predicted share of women with a teen birth and emergency visits per Medicare beneficiary.

### Birth, health and civic participation follow the ranking step by step

The steady rows run across the life course. Low birthweight, preterm birth and infant mortality rise across tenths of counties. Distance to a four-year college, incarceration among children from low-income families, mortgage denials, smoking, the number of chronic conditions that are high in a tract, adult disability and the number of residents per primary care physician rise across tenths of tracts or counties. Voter turnout, census self-response, the ladder score of life evaluation and life expectancy fall (Table 2).

Table 2. Within each domain, most outcomes move in one direction along the ranking, and the exceptions differ by domain

Several of these rows are not independent of the ranking. The PLACES health estimates and the CDC injury panel are modeled partly from census measures that the deprivation index also uses, so part of their agreement with it is built in. The steady rows are a count of chapters' findings and not a test that one process links them.

### Some outcomes run the other way

5 rows are better at the deprived end. Traffic proximity falls from a mean national percentile of 74.7 (95% CI 68.0 to 79.2) in the least deprived tenth of tracts to 39.0 (95% CI 35.4 to 42.1) in the most deprived, and fine particulate matter falls with it. Both comparisons run across the whole country, and Chapter 6.1, Air pollution (https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/air-pollution) finds that the traffic comparison reverses within counties. The share of adults with a routine checkup is 74.2 (95% CI 73.2 to 75.3) in the least deprived tenth and 77.8 (95% CI 77.3 to 78.2) in the most deprived, while the dental visit and screening tests that Chapter 7.1, Health behaviors and the supply of care (https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/health-behaviors-and-the-supply-of-care) follows fall.

Housing costs make up the rest. Owner households are less often over the cost-burden line in more deprived tracts, and so are low-income renters, while the share of all renter households over the line shows no detectable difference between the ends. Gross rent, home value, the mortgage cost and family income are ingredients of the index (Chapter 1.1, What the deprivation index measures (https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/anatomy-of-deprivation)), so a housing-cost ratio compared along it is sorted partly on its own parts.

### Some death rates are worse at the deprived end without rising step by step

The overdose death rate is 23.8 (95% CI 22.2 to 25.6) in the least deprived tenth of counties and 31.1 (95% CI 25.7 to 36.5) in the most deprived, yet the rank correlation across the tenths is +0.09: the middle tenths do not lie between the ends. Suicide and homicide by county are also worse at the deprived end and uneven. Homicide shows how the scale of the comparison matters. Across tenths of counties its rank correlation is +0.47, and across tenths of tracts it is +1.00 (Chapter 8.5, Violence and the life-expectancy gap (https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/violence-and-the-life-expectancy-gap)). The two rows come from different periods and estimates, and a county average mixes tracts with very different rates.

### The most deprived places usually stand farther from the national value than the least deprived

Each end of a ranking can also be set against the country as a whole. For the 25 rows whose values have a natural zero, Table 3 divides the mean in the least and in the most deprived bin by the national value that the row's chapter publishes, the same estimate over all the places it ranks. The most deprived end lies farther from that value in 17 of them and the least deprived end in 8. The distance to a four-year college, residents per primary care physician and the county homicide rate depart most at the most deprived end, above the national value. For chronic conditions, homicide by tract, smoking and the predicted teen birth share, the least deprived end departs more, below it. Renter burden, the annual checkup and life expectancy stay close to the national value at both ends. The national value weights places by population, births or households, so it lies nearer the places that hold more of that weight, and the ratios carry no intervals.

Table 3. In 17 of 25 outcomes the most deprived places stand farther from the national value than the least deprived places do

### Under three other rankings, one main gradient changes

17 chapters that rank places by the deprivation index recomputed their main gradient under three other rankings of the same places (Table 4). The standardized index applies the deprivation index's coefficients to its measures after standardizing each one, so home value and income weigh less in it. Median household income and the share of adults with a bachelor's degree are single census measures. Each chapter kept its outcome, weights, bins and intervals and used only the places that have all four rankings, and its report shows the four panels.

Under the standardized index, 1 of the 16 counted gradients changes class and no gradient reverses. The book set its threshold before the comparison: the standardized index would replace the deprivation index if it changed at least 4 counted gradients or reversed at least 2. The deprivation index therefore stays the book's primary ranking. The gradient that changes is traffic proximity. Across the country it falls toward the more deprived end under the deprivation index, and under the standardized index the least and the most deprived tenths of tracts no longer differ, with the middle tenths below both ends (Chapter 6.1, Air pollution (https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/air-pollution)).

The two checks move a few rows. Median household income changes 2 counted gradients, traffic proximity and the county overdose rate, whose ends differ only under income. The degree share changes 1, low birthweight, whose ends no longer differ. On the places with all four rankings, the county overdose rate shows no detectable difference between the ends under the deprivation index itself, where the table above, read from the chapter's full sample, finds a small one. Renting is recomputed and left out of the count, because rent and income are inputs to both indices; under the standardized index and under income the share of renters over the cost-burden line rises steadily toward the more deprived end.

Table 4. Under the standardized index the main gradient changes class in 1 of 16 counted chapters, below the threshold of 4 that would replace the deprivation index

### What the count leaves out

The table holds only outcomes that a chapter publishes in bins with intervals. Upward mobility, test score levels and the jobs held by residents are reported against other rankings or as scatters and are not in it. 4 rows are uneven and 20 are worse at the deprived end in total, counts that would change with a different threshold or a different interval test, and with a different ranking. The ranking comparison above covers one main gradient per chapter and not every row of the table.

### What these data cannot show

The rows come from different sources, places, periods and units. Births are ranked by county, life expectancy by tract, and the gender gaps by district, and the outcome periods differ from one row to the next and from the period of the index, 2019 to 2023. The count is not an estimate for one population and does not measure how strongly places shape any outcome. A steady row describes an ordering of places and not the experience of every resident, and the classification says nothing about why an outcome follows the ranking or departs from it.

## Tables

### Table 1. Of 30 outcome gradients, 17 are steadily worse toward the more deprived end, 5 are better there and 2 show no detectable difference between the ends

One row per outcome: the mean in the least and the most deprived bin of the ranking its chapter uses, in that chapter's units, the rank correlation between bin order and bin mean, and the pattern under the rule in the methods

| Domain | Outcome | Chapter | Least deprived bin | Most deprived bin | Rank correlation with bin order | Pattern | More deprived end | Bins | Unit | Ranking |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---: | --- | --- | ---: | --- | --- |
| Birth and school | Low birthweight | Birthweight and preterm birth | 7.4 | 9.7 | +1.00 | Steady | Worse at the deprived end | 10 | Share of live births (%) | Decile of county deprivation rank (1 = least deprived tenth of counties, 10 = most deprived) |
| Birth and school | Preterm birth | Birthweight and preterm birth | 8.8 | 12.1 | +1.00 | Steady | Worse at the deprived end | 10 | Share of live births (%) | Decile of county deprivation rank (1 = least deprived tenth of counties, 10 = most deprived) |
| Birth and school | Infant mortality | Infant mortality | 4.0 | 8.8 | +0.95 | Steady | Worse at the deprived end | 10 | Infant deaths per 1,000 live births | Decile of county deprivation rank (1 = least deprived tenth of counties, 10 = most deprived) |
| Birth and school | Reading gap, boys minus girls | Gender gaps in reading and math | −0.87 | −0.79 | +0.39 | No detectable difference between the ends | No reading | 10 | Mean male minus female gap (grade levels) | Tenth of districts by median household income (1 = lowest, 10 = highest), read from the highest bin to the lowest |
| Birth and school | Math gap, boys minus girls | Gender gaps in reading and math | 0.08 | −0.20 | −0.93 | Steady | No reading | 10 | Mean male minus female gap (grade levels) | Tenth of districts by median household income (1 = lowest, 10 = highest), read from the highest bin to the lowest |
| Becoming an adult | Distance to a four-year college | College access, price and earnings | 6.1 | 29.3 | +1.00 | Steady | Worse at the deprived end | 10 | Miles to the nearest four-year campus, average resident | Tenth of counties by ADI national rank (1 = least deprived, 10 = most deprived) |
| Becoming an adult | Predicted teen birth share | Teen births | 13.0 | 38.5 | +1.00 | Steady | No reading | 10 | Predicted share of women with a teen birth (percent) | Tenth of places, means of the points by Area Deprivation Index national rank (1 = least deprived, 100 = most deprived) |
| Becoming an adult | Incarceration, Black children from low-income families | School discipline and incarceration | 3.8 | 6.4 | +0.99 | Steady | Worse at the deprived end | 10 | Percent incarcerated on April 1, 2010 | Tenth of tracts by deprivation rank (1 = least deprived, 10 = most deprived) |
| Becoming an adult | Incarceration, white children from low-income families | School discipline and incarceration | 1.23 | 2.59 | +1.00 | Steady | Worse at the deprived end | 10 | Percent incarcerated on April 1, 2010 | Tenth of tracts by deprivation rank (1 = least deprived, 10 = most deprived) |
| Home, work and money | Mortgage denial rate | Mortgage denials | 7.8 | 13.8 | +0.95 | Steady | Worse at the deprived end | 10 | Denied share of decided applications (%) | Tenth of places, means of the points by Area Deprivation Index national rank (1 = least deprived, 100 = most deprived) |
| Home, work and money | Renter households over the cost-burden line | Renting, affordability and eviction | 44.5 | 47.6 | −0.30 | No detectable difference between the ends | Neither | 10 | Share paying more than 30% of income (%) | Area Deprivation Index tenth of tracts (1 = least deprived, 10 = most deprived) |
| Home, work and money | Owner households over the cost-burden line | Renting, affordability and eviction | 25.6 | 19.8 | −0.88 | Uneven | Better at the deprived end | 10 | Share paying more than 30% of income (%) | Area Deprivation Index tenth of tracts (1 = least deprived, 10 = most deprived) |
| Home, work and money | Low-income renters over the cost-burden line | Renting, affordability and eviction | 75.3 | 62.5 | −1.00 | Steady | Better at the deprived end | 10 | Low-income households paying more than 30% of income (%) | Area Deprivation Index tenth of tracts (1 = least deprived, 10 = most deprived) |
| Environment and connection | Traffic proximity | Air pollution | 74.7 | 39.0 | −0.96 | Steady | Better at the deprived end | 10 | Mean national percentile of the tract (0 to 100) | Decile of the Area Deprivation Index national rank (1 = least deprived, 10 = most deprived) |
| Environment and connection | Fine particulate matter | Air pollution | 64.3 | 47.8 | −0.93 | Steady | Better at the deprived end | 10 | Mean national percentile of the tract (0 to 100) | Decile of the Area Deprivation Index national rank (1 = least deprived, 10 = most deprived) |
| Environment and connection | Voter turnout, 2020 | Civic life, loneliness and partnership | 72.1 | 56.4 | −1.00 | Steady | Worse at the deprived end | 10 | Turnout or self-response (%) | Decile of county deprivation (1 = least deprived tenth of counties, 10 = most deprived) |
| Environment and connection | Census self-response, 2020 | Civic life, loneliness and partnership | 68.6 | 47.6 | −1.00 | Steady | Worse at the deprived end | 10 | Turnout or self-response (%) | Decile of county deprivation (1 = least deprived tenth of counties, 10 = most deprived) |
| Environment and connection | Life evaluation (ladder score) | Life evaluation and daily feelings | 7.17 | 6.93 | −1.00 | Steady | Worse at the deprived end | 10 | Mean ladder score (0 to 10) | Decile of deprivation (1 = least deprived tenth of interviews, 10 = most deprived) |
| Health and care | Current smoking | Place and the length of a life | 9.1 | 22.8 | +1.00 | Steady | Worse at the deprived end | 10 | Percent of adults | Tenth of tracts by Area Deprivation Index (1 = least deprived, 10 = most deprived) |
| Health and care | Annual checkup | Place and the length of a life | 74.2 | 77.8 | +1.00 | Steady | Better at the deprived end | 10 | Percent of adults | Tenth of tracts by Area Deprivation Index (1 = least deprived, 10 = most deprived) |
| Health and care | Chronic conditions that are high | Multiple chronic conditions | 0.5 | 5.7 | +1.00 | Steady | Worse at the deprived end | 10 | Mean number of high conditions (of nine) | Tenth of tracts by ADI national percentile (1 = least deprived, 10 = most deprived) |
| Health and care | Adult disability | Disability, retirement and Medicare | 23.3 | 42.9 | +1.00 | Steady | Worse at the deprived end | 10 | Percent of adults | Tenth of tracts by Area Deprivation Index (1 = least deprived, 10 = most deprived) |
| Health and care | Residents per primary care physician | Health behaviors and the supply of care | 1,159 | 2,730 | +1.00 | Steady | Worse at the deprived end | 10 | Residents per provider | County deprivation decile (1 = least deprived, 10 = most deprived) |
| Health and care | Emergency visits per Medicare beneficiary | Disability, retirement and Medicare | 571 | 677 | +1.00 | Steady | No reading | 5 | Visits per thousand beneficiaries per year | Fifth of counties by ADI |
| Early death | Premature death rate | Gun homicide and the causes of early death | 307 | 701 | +1.00 | Steady | Worse at the deprived end | 10 | Premature deaths per 100,000 residents, age-adjusted | Decile of the county area deprivation index (1 least deprived, 10 most deprived) |
| Early death | Overdose death rate | Overdose, alcohol and suicide | 23.8 | 31.1 | +0.09 | Uneven | Worse at the deprived end | 10 | Deaths per 100,000 residents | Tenth of counties by Area Deprivation Index (1 = least deprived, 10 = most deprived) |
| Early death | Suicide death rate | Overdose, alcohol and suicide | 12.2 | 17.4 | +0.81 | Uneven | Worse at the deprived end | 10 | Deaths per 100,000 residents | Tenth of counties by Area Deprivation Index (1 = least deprived, 10 = most deprived) |
| Early death | Homicide death rate, counties | Overdose, alcohol and suicide | 4.8 | 13.6 | +0.47 | Uneven | Worse at the deprived end | 10 | Deaths per 100,000 residents | Tenth of counties by Area Deprivation Index (1 = least deprived, 10 = most deprived) |
| Early death | Homicide death rate, tracts | Violence and the life-expectancy gap | 1.8 | 14.8 | +1.00 | Steady | Worse at the deprived end | 10 | Homicide deaths per 100,000 residents a year | Tenth of tracts by Area Deprivation Index (1 = least deprived, 10 = most deprived) |
| Early death | Life expectancy at birth | Place and the length of a life | 82.3 | 74.0 | −1.00 | Steady | Worse at the deprived end | 10 | Life expectancy at birth (years) | Tenth of places, means of the points by Area Deprivation Index national percentile (1 = least deprived, 100 = most deprived) |

Note: Gender gaps in scores, the predicted teen birth share and emergency visits have no reading of better or worse and carry none.

Note: The district income tenths of the gender-gap rows run from the highest to the lowest income here, so that the first bin is the most advantaged, as in the other rows.

Note: Bins are tenths, fifths or quarters of places, as each chapter defines them; the units of the rows are named in the Unit column.

Source: Figures of the chapters named in each row, data years 1978 to 2024 as each chapter states; estimates as published there: full counts, crude rates, population-weighted means, unweighted survey means or modeled estimates.

Data: https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/report/how-far-one-ranking-goes/figures/pattern_table.json

### Table 2. Within each domain, most outcomes move in one direction along the ranking, and the exceptions differ by domain

Mean and 95% interval for each bin of the ranking each chapter uses, one panel per outcome, each in its own units

#### Table 2.1. Birth and school

Birth and school outcomes by bin of the ranking each chapter uses

Mean and 95% interval for each bin, least deprived at the top, each panel in its own units

| bin | conf_high | conf_low | estimate | outcome |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- |
| 1, least deprived | 7.68 | 7.18 | 7.43 | Low birthweight |
| 2 | 8.00 | 7.32 | 7.63 | Low birthweight |
| 3 | 8.36 | 7.55 | 7.96 | Low birthweight |
| 4 | 8.67 | 7.84 | 8.29 | Low birthweight |
| 5 | 8.65 | 7.97 | 8.37 | Low birthweight |
| 6 | 8.98 | 8.29 | 8.69 | Low birthweight |
| 7 | 9.50 | 8.57 | 9.05 | Low birthweight |
| 8 | 9.85 | 8.89 | 9.40 | Low birthweight |
| 9 | 10.18 | 9.00 | 9.63 | Low birthweight |
| 10, most deprived | 10.26 | 9.20 | 9.68 | Low birthweight |
| 1, least deprived | 9.01 | 8.59 | 8.82 | Preterm birth |
| 2 | 9.48 | 9.08 | 9.28 | Preterm birth |
| 3 | 10.12 | 9.47 | 9.82 | Preterm birth |
| 4 | 10.29 | 9.80 | 10.05 | Preterm birth |
| 5 | 10.53 | 9.98 | 10.27 | Preterm birth |
| 6 | 11.28 | 10.26 | 10.80 | Preterm birth |
| 7 | 11.22 | 10.56 | 10.92 | Preterm birth |
| 8 | 11.59 | 10.92 | 11.27 | Preterm birth |
| 9 | 11.82 | 11.01 | 11.42 | Preterm birth |
| 10, most deprived | 12.66 | 11.32 | 12.05 | Preterm birth |
| 1, least deprived | 4.19 | 3.83 | 4.00 | Infant mortality |
| 2 | 5.32 | 4.88 | 5.11 | Infant mortality |
| 3 | 5.97 | 5.51 | 5.78 | Infant mortality |
| 4 | 6.34 | 5.86 | 6.09 | Infant mortality |
| 5 | 7.06 | 6.37 | 6.72 | Infant mortality |
| 6 | 7.34 | 6.70 | 7.05 | Infant mortality |
| 7 | 8.12 | 7.12 | 7.65 | Infant mortality |
| 8 | 7.96 | 6.73 | 7.38 | Infant mortality |
| 9 | 7.92 | 6.49 | 7.24 | Infant mortality |
| 10, most deprived | 9.46 | 8.05 | 8.77 | Infant mortality |
| 1, least deprived | −0.781 | −0.971 | −0.867 | Reading gap, boys minus girls |
| 2 | −0.735 | −0.881 | −0.806 | Reading gap, boys minus girls |
| 3 | −0.725 | −0.854 | −0.799 | Reading gap, boys minus girls |
| 4 | −0.687 | −0.858 | −0.767 | Reading gap, boys minus girls |
| 5 | −0.692 | −0.841 | −0.760 | Reading gap, boys minus girls |
| 6 | −0.678 | −0.805 | −0.737 | Reading gap, boys minus girls |
| 7 | −0.701 | −0.855 | −0.782 | Reading gap, boys minus girls |
| 8 | −0.704 | −0.861 | −0.780 | Reading gap, boys minus girls |
| 9 | −0.718 | −0.880 | −0.795 | Reading gap, boys minus girls |
| 10, most deprived | −0.714 | −0.885 | −0.791 | Reading gap, boys minus girls |
| 1, least deprived | 0.119 | 0.038 | 0.080 | Math gap, boys minus girls |
| 2 | 0.063 | −0.032 | 0.008 | Math gap, boys minus girls |
| 3 | 0.001 | −0.101 | −0.061 | Math gap, boys minus girls |
| 4 | −0.017 | −0.114 | −0.063 | Math gap, boys minus girls |
| 5 | −0.032 | −0.111 | −0.071 | Math gap, boys minus girls |
| 6 | −0.013 | −0.086 | −0.051 | Math gap, boys minus girls |
| 7 | −0.049 | −0.154 | −0.102 | Math gap, boys minus girls |
| 8 | −0.093 | −0.196 | −0.143 | Math gap, boys minus girls |
| 9 | −0.102 | −0.190 | −0.145 | Math gap, boys minus girls |
| 10, most deprived | −0.153 | −0.259 | −0.203 | Math gap, boys minus girls |

#### Table 2.2. Becoming an adult

Becoming an adult outcomes by bin of the ranking each chapter uses

Mean and 95% interval for each bin, least deprived at the top, each panel in its own units

| bin | conf_high | conf_low | estimate | outcome |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- |
| 1, least deprived | 6.91 | 5.27 | 6.10 | Distance to a four-year college |
| 2 | 10.37 | 7.33 | 8.53 | Distance to a four-year college |
| 3 | 12.34 | 7.70 | 9.36 | Distance to a four-year college |
| 4 | 11.67 | 7.94 | 9.54 | Distance to a four-year college |
| 5 | 20.68 | 10.77 | 14.49 | Distance to a four-year college |
| 6 | 18.94 | 12.67 | 15.25 | Distance to a four-year college |
| 7 | 21.96 | 14.73 | 17.97 | Distance to a four-year college |
| 8 | 24.30 | 18.35 | 21.28 | Distance to a four-year college |
| 9 | 29.50 | 22.45 | 25.60 | Distance to a four-year college |
| 10, most deprived | 35.02 | 24.64 | 29.34 | Distance to a four-year college |
| 1, least deprived | 14.01 | 11.85 | 12.95 | Predicted teen birth share |
| 2 | 19.34 | 16.06 | 17.73 | Predicted teen birth share |
| 3 | 21.14 | 18.97 | 20.03 | Predicted teen birth share |
| 4 | 23.01 | 21.62 | 22.31 | Predicted teen birth share |
| 5 | 25.17 | 23.94 | 24.55 | Predicted teen birth share |
| 6 | 27.15 | 25.90 | 26.54 | Predicted teen birth share |
| 7 | 29.25 | 28.03 | 28.65 | Predicted teen birth share |
| 8 | 31.26 | 29.92 | 30.57 | Predicted teen birth share |
| 9 | 33.37 | 32.12 | 32.75 | Predicted teen birth share |
| 10, most deprived | 39.27 | 37.79 | 38.54 | Predicted teen birth share |
| 1, least deprived | 4.17 | 3.40 | 3.80 | Incarceration, Black children from low-income families |
| 2 | 4.80 | 4.13 | 4.46 | Incarceration, Black children from low-income families |
| 3 | 5.08 | 4.51 | 4.79 | Incarceration, Black children from low-income families |
| 4 | 5.30 | 4.75 | 5.02 | Incarceration, Black children from low-income families |
| 5 | 5.61 | 5.08 | 5.33 | Incarceration, Black children from low-income families |
| 6 | 5.76 | 5.31 | 5.52 | Incarceration, Black children from low-income families |
| 7 | 5.74 | 5.32 | 5.52 | Incarceration, Black children from low-income families |
| 8 | 6.03 | 5.55 | 5.79 | Incarceration, Black children from low-income families |
| 9 | 6.10 | 5.59 | 5.84 | Incarceration, Black children from low-income families |
| 10, most deprived | 6.68 | 6.06 | 6.37 | Incarceration, Black children from low-income families |
| 1, least deprived | 1.41 | 1.09 | 1.23 | Incarceration, white children from low-income families |
| 2 | 1.61 | 1.33 | 1.47 | Incarceration, white children from low-income families |
| 3 | 1.75 | 1.52 | 1.64 | Incarceration, white children from low-income families |
| 4 | 2.03 | 1.80 | 1.92 | Incarceration, white children from low-income families |
| 5 | 2.23 | 1.87 | 2.05 | Incarceration, white children from low-income families |
| 6 | 2.29 | 1.97 | 2.13 | Incarceration, white children from low-income families |
| 7 | 2.39 | 2.07 | 2.23 | Incarceration, white children from low-income families |
| 8 | 2.42 | 2.10 | 2.25 | Incarceration, white children from low-income families |
| 9 | 2.45 | 2.17 | 2.32 | Incarceration, white children from low-income families |
| 10, most deprived | 2.81 | 2.40 | 2.59 | Incarceration, white children from low-income families |

#### Table 2.3. Home, work and money

Home, work and money outcomes by bin of the ranking each chapter uses

Mean and 95% interval for each bin, least deprived at the top, each panel in its own units

| bin | conf_high | conf_low | estimate | outcome |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- |
| 1, least deprived | 8.44 | 7.17 | 7.81 | Mortgage denial rate |
| 2 | 8.23 | 7.20 | 7.69 | Mortgage denial rate |
| 3 | 8.02 | 7.25 | 7.63 | Mortgage denial rate |
| 4 | 8.62 | 7.79 | 8.19 | Mortgage denial rate |
| 5 | 9.04 | 8.14 | 8.59 | Mortgage denial rate |
| 6 | 9.63 | 8.68 | 9.18 | Mortgage denial rate |
| 7 | 9.99 | 9.10 | 9.55 | Mortgage denial rate |
| 8 | 10.51 | 9.59 | 10.04 | Mortgage denial rate |
| 9 | 11.35 | 10.54 | 10.91 | Mortgage denial rate |
| 10, most deprived | 14.33 | 13.33 | 13.81 | Mortgage denial rate |
| 1, least deprived | 46.68 | 41.91 | 44.45 | Renter households over the cost-burden line |
| 2 | 50.08 | 45 | 47.68 | Renter households over the cost-burden line |
| 3 | 48.50 | 44.76 | 46.65 | Renter households over the cost-burden line |
| 4 | 46.71 | 44.48 | 45.61 | Renter households over the cost-burden line |
| 5 | 46.16 | 44.14 | 45.17 | Renter households over the cost-burden line |
| 6 | 46.02 | 44.16 | 45.12 | Renter households over the cost-burden line |
| 7 | 45.57 | 43.59 | 44.64 | Renter households over the cost-burden line |
| 8 | 45.27 | 43.51 | 44.42 | Renter households over the cost-burden line |
| 9 | 44.95 | 43.26 | 44.13 | Renter households over the cost-burden line |
| 10, most deprived | 48.42 | 46.63 | 47.58 | Renter households over the cost-burden line |
| 1, least deprived | 27.22 | 23.74 | 25.55 | Owner households over the cost-burden line |
| 2 | 25.42 | 22.31 | 23.87 | Owner households over the cost-burden line |
| 3 | 22.64 | 20.98 | 21.79 | Owner households over the cost-burden line |
| 4 | 21.70 | 20.36 | 21.03 | Owner households over the cost-burden line |
| 5 | 20.85 | 19.59 | 20.20 | Owner households over the cost-burden line |
| 6 | 20 | 18.90 | 19.45 | Owner households over the cost-burden line |
| 7 | 19.56 | 18.45 | 18.97 | Owner households over the cost-burden line |
| 8 | 18.89 | 17.95 | 18.42 | Owner households over the cost-burden line |
| 9 | 18.74 | 17.90 | 18.31 | Owner households over the cost-burden line |
| 10, most deprived | 20.28 | 19.25 | 19.78 | Owner households over the cost-burden line |
| 1, least deprived | 78.06 | 72.60 | 75.33 | Low-income renters over the cost-burden line |
| 2 | 76.22 | 74.15 | 75.05 | Low-income renters over the cost-burden line |
| 3 | 75.27 | 72.86 | 74.01 | Low-income renters over the cost-burden line |
| 4 | 74.23 | 72.10 | 73.20 | Low-income renters over the cost-burden line |
| 5 | 72.19 | 69.90 | 71.11 | Low-income renters over the cost-burden line |
| 6 | 70.06 | 67.89 | 68.99 | Low-income renters over the cost-burden line |
| 7 | 67.66 | 65.52 | 66.62 | Low-income renters over the cost-burden line |
| 8 | 65.44 | 63.63 | 64.56 | Low-income renters over the cost-burden line |
| 9 | 63.27 | 61.66 | 62.51 | Low-income renters over the cost-burden line |
| 10, most deprived | 63.27 | 61.58 | 62.46 | Low-income renters over the cost-burden line |

#### Table 2.4. Environment and connection

Environment and connection outcomes by bin of the ranking each chapter uses

Mean and 95% interval for each bin, least deprived at the top, each panel in its own units

| bin | conf_high | conf_low | estimate | outcome |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- |
| 1, least deprived | 79.18 | 68.05 | 74.70 | Traffic proximity |
| 2 | 71.29 | 58.96 | 65.23 | Traffic proximity |
| 3 | 60.23 | 53.49 | 56.92 | Traffic proximity |
| 4 | 53.77 | 48.87 | 51.45 | Traffic proximity |
| 5 | 50.34 | 44.93 | 47.72 | Traffic proximity |
| 6 | 47.13 | 41.66 | 44.43 | Traffic proximity |
| 7 | 44.32 | 38.17 | 41.19 | Traffic proximity |
| 8 | 40.55 | 35.39 | 38.01 | Traffic proximity |
| 9 | 37.53 | 32.20 | 34.92 | Traffic proximity |
| 10, most deprived | 42.13 | 35.42 | 38.99 | Traffic proximity |
| 1, least deprived | 73.24 | 52.34 | 64.27 | Fine particulate matter |
| 2 | 65.84 | 47.61 | 56.82 | Fine particulate matter |
| 3 | 56.99 | 47.69 | 52.29 | Fine particulate matter |
| 4 | 54.11 | 47.20 | 50.75 | Fine particulate matter |
| 5 | 51.99 | 46.09 | 49.21 | Fine particulate matter |
| 6 | 51.28 | 44.87 | 48.16 | Fine particulate matter |
| 7 | 50.70 | 44.20 | 47.40 | Fine particulate matter |
| 8 | 47.38 | 41.64 | 44.47 | Fine particulate matter |
| 9 | 46.62 | 41.50 | 44.06 | Fine particulate matter |
| 10, most deprived | 50.97 | 44.29 | 47.76 | Fine particulate matter |
| 1, least deprived | 73.80 | 70.58 | 72.06 | Voter turnout, 2020 |
| 2 | 71 | 67.93 | 69.33 | Voter turnout, 2020 |
| 3 | 68.58 | 64.62 | 66.59 | Voter turnout, 2020 |
| 4 | 65.57 | 62.07 | 63.95 | Voter turnout, 2020 |
| 5 | 64.15 | 61.43 | 62.84 | Voter turnout, 2020 |
| 6 | 62.08 | 59.10 | 60.63 | Voter turnout, 2020 |
| 7 | 60.94 | 58.84 | 59.85 | Voter turnout, 2020 |
| 8 | 60.52 | 56.90 | 58.66 | Voter turnout, 2020 |
| 9 | 59.01 | 57.18 | 58.06 | Voter turnout, 2020 |
| 10, most deprived | 57.59 | 55.37 | 56.43 | Voter turnout, 2020 |
| 1, least deprived | 69.94 | 67.39 | 68.60 | Census self-response, 2020 |
| 2 | 68.15 | 65.91 | 66.97 | Census self-response, 2020 |
| 3 | 68.04 | 65 | 66.45 | Census self-response, 2020 |
| 4 | 66.25 | 63.61 | 64.94 | Census self-response, 2020 |
| 5 | 64.80 | 62.56 | 63.80 | Census self-response, 2020 |
| 6 | 62.88 | 60.24 | 61.63 | Census self-response, 2020 |
| 7 | 61.85 | 59.72 | 60.76 | Census self-response, 2020 |
| 8 | 58.76 | 55.75 | 57.15 | Census self-response, 2020 |
| 9 | 55.21 | 53.18 | 54.20 | Census self-response, 2020 |
| 10, most deprived | 49.12 | 46.11 | 47.63 | Census self-response, 2020 |
| 1, least deprived | 7.23 | 7.11 | 7.17 | Life evaluation (ladder score) |
| 2 | 7.17 | 7.09 | 7.13 | Life evaluation (ladder score) |
| 3 | 7.15 | 7.08 | 7.11 | Life evaluation (ladder score) |
| 4 | 7.14 | 7.07 | 7.10 | Life evaluation (ladder score) |
| 5 | 7.12 | 7.07 | 7.10 | Life evaluation (ladder score) |
| 6 | 7.12 | 7.06 | 7.09 | Life evaluation (ladder score) |
| 7 | 7.08 | 7.03 | 7.06 | Life evaluation (ladder score) |
| 8 | 7.06 | 7.02 | 7.04 | Life evaluation (ladder score) |
| 9 | 7.00 | 6.96 | 6.98 | Life evaluation (ladder score) |
| 10, most deprived | 6.94 | 6.91 | 6.93 | Life evaluation (ladder score) |

#### Table 2.5. Health and care

Health and care outcomes by bin of the ranking each chapter uses

Mean and 95% interval for each bin, least deprived at the top, each panel in its own units

| bin | conf_high | conf_low | estimate | outcome |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- |
| 1, least deprived | 9.59 | 8.53 | 9.06 | Current smoking |
| 2 | 11.25 | 10.20 | 10.74 | Current smoking |
| 3 | 11.99 | 11.28 | 11.62 | Current smoking |
| 4 | 12.88 | 12.45 | 12.67 | Current smoking |
| 5 | 14.09 | 13.70 | 13.89 | Current smoking |
| 6 | 15.28 | 14.93 | 15.10 | Current smoking |
| 7 | 16.54 | 16.25 | 16.39 | Current smoking |
| 8 | 17.94 | 17.61 | 17.78 | Current smoking |
| 9 | 19.62 | 19.27 | 19.45 | Current smoking |
| 10, most deprived | 23.14 | 22.46 | 22.81 | Current smoking |
| 1, least deprived | 75.29 | 73.23 | 74.16 | Annual checkup |
| 2 | 75.40 | 73.25 | 74.27 | Annual checkup |
| 3 | 75.35 | 74 | 74.67 | Annual checkup |
| 4 | 75.41 | 74.40 | 74.90 | Annual checkup |
| 5 | 75.89 | 75.06 | 75.46 | Annual checkup |
| 6 | 76.26 | 75.45 | 75.85 | Annual checkup |
| 7 | 76.59 | 75.81 | 76.21 | Annual checkup |
| 8 | 76.96 | 76.26 | 76.62 | Annual checkup |
| 9 | 77.44 | 76.83 | 77.14 | Annual checkup |
| 10, most deprived | 78.18 | 77.34 | 77.76 | Annual checkup |
| 1, least deprived | 0.550 | 0.380 | 0.450 | Chronic conditions that are high |
| 2 | 0.700 | 0.550 | 0.620 | Chronic conditions that are high |
| 3 | 1 | 0.780 | 0.880 | Chronic conditions that are high |
| 4 | 1.10 | 0.920 | 1.01 | Chronic conditions that are high |
| 5 | 1.39 | 1.19 | 1.29 | Chronic conditions that are high |
| 6 | 1.83 | 1.60 | 1.71 | Chronic conditions that are high |
| 7 | 2.46 | 2.22 | 2.34 | Chronic conditions that are high |
| 8 | 3.34 | 3.07 | 3.21 | Chronic conditions that are high |
| 9 | 4.49 | 4.21 | 4.35 | Chronic conditions that are high |
| 10, most deprived | 5.81 | 5.52 | 5.66 | Chronic conditions that are high |
| 1, least deprived | 24.07 | 22.30 | 23.28 | Adult disability |
| 2 | 27.45 | 24.50 | 25.97 | Adult disability |
| 3 | 27.99 | 26.08 | 27 | Adult disability |
| 4 | 28.73 | 27.60 | 28.17 | Adult disability |
| 5 | 30.32 | 29.39 | 29.84 | Adult disability |
| 6 | 32.06 | 31.21 | 31.62 | Adult disability |
| 7 | 33.88 | 33.16 | 33.53 | Adult disability |
| 8 | 35.81 | 35.15 | 35.48 | Adult disability |
| 9 | 38.39 | 37.74 | 38.06 | Adult disability |
| 10, most deprived | 43.21 | 42.50 | 42.86 | Adult disability |
| 1, least deprived | 1205 | 1093 | 1159 | Residents per primary care physician |
| 2 | 1449 | 1221 | 1335 | Residents per primary care physician |
| 3 | 1511 | 1286 | 1389 | Residents per primary care physician |
| 4 | 1512 | 1309 | 1411 | Residents per primary care physician |
| 5 | 1737 | 1365 | 1529 | Residents per primary care physician |
| 6 | 1877 | 1458 | 1656 | Residents per primary care physician |
| 7 | 2148 | 1660 | 1894 | Residents per primary care physician |
| 8 | 2249 | 1905 | 2083 | Residents per primary care physician |
| 9 | 2828 | 2394 | 2593 | Residents per primary care physician |
| 10, most deprived | 3018 | 2452 | 2730 | Residents per primary care physician |
| 1, least deprived | 584 | 555.5 | 570.5 | Emergency visits per Medicare beneficiary |
| 2 | 617.4 | 582.1 | 598.9 | Emergency visits per Medicare beneficiary |
| 3 | 635.5 | 603 | 620.1 | Emergency visits per Medicare beneficiary |
| 4 | 655.4 | 627.3 | 642.1 | Emergency visits per Medicare beneficiary |
| 5, most deprived | 693.6 | 656.4 | 676.7 | Emergency visits per Medicare beneficiary |

#### Table 2.6. Early death

Early death outcomes by bin of the ranking each chapter uses

Mean and 95% interval for each bin, least deprived at the top, each panel in its own units

| bin | conf_high | conf_low | estimate | outcome |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- |
| 1, least deprived | 317.6 | 296.1 | 306.9 | Premature death rate |
| 2 | 387.5 | 356.6 | 372.7 | Premature death rate |
| 3 | 438.9 | 399.7 | 417.1 | Premature death rate |
| 4 | 493.3 | 439.2 | 465.4 | Premature death rate |
| 5 | 510.6 | 465.7 | 490.1 | Premature death rate |
| 6 | 536.2 | 483.2 | 505.8 | Premature death rate |
| 7 | 563.4 | 502 | 531.3 | Premature death rate |
| 8 | 588.4 | 508.8 | 543.4 | Premature death rate |
| 9 | 631.6 | 568.9 | 604 | Premature death rate |
| 10, most deprived | 739.9 | 659.7 | 701.1 | Premature death rate |
| 1, least deprived | 25.58 | 22.17 | 23.84 | Overdose death rate |
| 2 | 29.93 | 24.57 | 27.28 | Overdose death rate |
| 3 | 34.96 | 26.90 | 30.74 | Overdose death rate |
| 4 | 42.01 | 30.60 | 36.13 | Overdose death rate |
| 5 | 35.49 | 27.61 | 31.86 | Overdose death rate |
| 6 | 31.25 | 24.58 | 27.90 | Overdose death rate |
| 7 | 35.13 | 27.89 | 31.39 | Overdose death rate |
| 8 | 33.13 | 21.71 | 27.17 | Overdose death rate |
| 9 | 30.12 | 23.86 | 26.83 | Overdose death rate |
| 10, most deprived | 36.49 | 25.66 | 31.09 | Overdose death rate |
| 1, least deprived | 13.16 | 11.31 | 12.18 | Suicide death rate |
| 2 | 15.20 | 13.23 | 14.15 | Suicide death rate |
| 3 | 17.11 | 14.83 | 15.83 | Suicide death rate |
| 4 | 17.04 | 15.09 | 16.03 | Suicide death rate |
| 5 | 17.94 | 16.04 | 16.91 | Suicide death rate |
| 6 | 18.76 | 16.57 | 17.63 | Suicide death rate |
| 7 | 19.09 | 17.60 | 18.32 | Suicide death rate |
| 8 | 18.94 | 14.20 | 16.62 | Suicide death rate |
| 9 | 18.83 | 17.33 | 18.10 | Suicide death rate |
| 10, most deprived | 19.41 | 15.71 | 17.37 | Suicide death rate |
| 1, least deprived | 5.44 | 4.19 | 4.82 | Homicide death rate, counties |
| 2 | 9.17 | 5.65 | 7.31 | Homicide death rate, counties |
| 3 | 9.02 | 6.40 | 7.86 | Homicide death rate, counties |
| 4 | 14.24 | 8.53 | 11.44 | Homicide death rate, counties |
| 5 | 12.33 | 7.48 | 9.89 | Homicide death rate, counties |
| 6 | 9.99 | 6.87 | 8.45 | Homicide death rate, counties |
| 7 | 10.00 | 6.19 | 7.86 | Homicide death rate, counties |
| 8 | 7.73 | 5.66 | 6.63 | Homicide death rate, counties |
| 9 | 10.31 | 7.40 | 8.79 | Homicide death rate, counties |
| 10, most deprived | 16.17 | 11.14 | 13.63 | Homicide death rate, counties |
| 1, least deprived | 2.16 | 1.35 | 1.76 | Homicide death rate, tracts |
| 2 | 3.18 | 2.07 | 2.62 | Homicide death rate, tracts |
| 3 | 3.48 | 2.63 | 3.03 | Homicide death rate, tracts |
| 4 | 4.18 | 3.29 | 3.70 | Homicide death rate, tracts |
| 5 | 4.69 | 3.97 | 4.33 | Homicide death rate, tracts |
| 6 | 5.63 | 4.68 | 5.16 | Homicide death rate, tracts |
| 7 | 7.09 | 5.55 | 6.27 | Homicide death rate, tracts |
| 8 | 8.32 | 6.48 | 7.34 | Homicide death rate, tracts |
| 9 | 9.59 | 7.41 | 8.43 | Homicide death rate, tracts |
| 10, most deprived | 16.85 | 12.76 | 14.81 | Homicide death rate, tracts |
| 1, least deprived | 82.55 | 81.99 | 82.29 | Life expectancy at birth |
| 2 | 81.21 | 80.73 | 80.95 | Life expectancy at birth |
| 3 | 80.52 | 80.07 | 80.30 | Life expectancy at birth |
| 4 | 79.91 | 79.58 | 79.74 | Life expectancy at birth |
| 5 | 79.27 | 78.97 | 79.12 | Life expectancy at birth |
| 6 | 78.54 | 78.25 | 78.39 | Life expectancy at birth |
| 7 | 77.82 | 77.56 | 77.69 | Life expectancy at birth |
| 8 | 77.03 | 76.75 | 76.88 | Life expectancy at birth |
| 9 | 76.03 | 75.72 | 75.87 | Life expectancy at birth |
| 10, most deprived | 74.32 | 73.72 | 74.01 | Life expectancy at birth |

Source: Figures of the chapters named in each row, data years 1978 to 2024 as each chapter states; estimates as published there: full counts, crude rates, population-weighted means, unweighted survey means or modeled estimates.

Data: https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/report/how-far-one-ranking-goes/figures/gradients_by_domain.json

### Table 3. In 17 of 25 outcomes the most deprived places stand farther from the national value than the least deprived places do

Mean at each end of the ranking each chapter uses, divided by the value for all the places of the comparison, on a log scale so that twice and half the national value sit the same distance from it

| Domain | Outcome | Least deprived end | United States | Most deprived end | Least deprived end divided by the US value | Most deprived end divided by the US value | Unit |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---: | ---: | --- |
| Birth and school | Infant mortality | 4.0 | 5.7 | 8.8 | 0.71 | 1.55 | Infant deaths per 1,000 live births |
| Birth and school | Preterm birth | 8.8 | 10.1% | 12.1 | 0.87 | 1.19 | Share of live births (%) |
| Birth and school | Low birthweight | 7.4 | 8.3% | 9.7 | 0.89 | 1.16 | Share of live births (%) |
| Becoming an adult | Distance to a four-year college | 6.1 | 9.6 | 29.3 | 0.64 | 3.05 | Miles to the nearest four-year campus, average resident |
| Becoming an adult | Predicted teen birth share | 13.0 | 25.0% | 38.5 | 0.52 | 1.54 | Predicted share of women with a teen birth (percent) |
| Becoming an adult | Incarceration, white children from low-income families | 1.23 | 1.9% | 2.59 | 0.64 | 1.33 | Percent incarcerated on April 1, 2010 |
| Becoming an adult | Incarceration, Black children from low-income families | 3.8 | 5.2% | 6.4 | 0.73 | 1.23 | Percent incarcerated on April 1, 2010 |
| Home, work and money | Mortgage denial rate | 7.8 | 9.0% | 13.8 | 0.87 | 1.54 | Denied share of decided applications (%) |
| Home, work and money | Renter households over the cost-burden line | 44.5 | 45.5% | 47.6 | 0.98 | 1.04 | Share paying more than 30% of income (%) |
| Home, work and money | Owner households over the cost-burden line | 25.6 | 20.8% | 19.8 | 1.23 | 0.95 | Share paying more than 30% of income (%) |
| Home, work and money | Low-income renters over the cost-burden line | 75.3 | 69.0% | 62.5 | 1.09 | 0.91 | Low-income households paying more than 30% of income (%) |
| Environment and connection | Voter turnout, 2020 | 72.1 | 67.8% | 56.4 | 1.06 | 0.83 | Turnout or self-response (%) |
| Environment and connection | Census self-response, 2020 | 68.6 | 66.0% | 47.6 | 1.04 | 0.72 | Turnout or self-response (%) |
| Health and care | Chronic conditions that are high | 0.5 | 2.0 | 5.7 | 0.23 | 2.90 | Mean number of high conditions (of nine) |
| Health and care | Residents per primary care physician | 1,159 | 1,334 | 2,730 | 0.87 | 2.05 | Residents per provider |
| Health and care | Current smoking | 9.1 | 14.5% | 22.8 | 0.63 | 1.57 | Percent of adults |
| Health and care | Adult disability | 23.3 | 30.9% | 42.9 | 0.75 | 1.39 | Percent of adults |
| Health and care | Emergency visits per Medicare beneficiary | 571 | 592 | 677 | 0.96 | 1.14 | Visits per thousand beneficiaries per year |
| Health and care | Annual checkup | 74.2 | 75.6% | 77.8 | 0.98 | 1.03 | Percent of adults |
| Early death | Homicide death rate, tracts | 1.8 | 5.4 | 14.8 | 0.32 | 2.72 | Homicide deaths per 100,000 residents a year |
| Early death | Homicide death rate, counties | 4.8 | 7.1 | 13.6 | 0.68 | 1.93 | Deaths per 100,000 residents |
| Early death | Premature death rate | 307 | 392 | 701 | 0.78 | 1.79 | Premature deaths per 100,000 residents, age-adjusted |
| Early death | Suicide death rate | 12.2 | 14.3 | 17.4 | 0.85 | 1.21 | Deaths per 100,000 residents |
| Early death | Overdose death rate | 23.8 | 27.7 | 31.1 | 0.86 | 1.12 | Deaths per 100,000 residents |
| Early death | Life expectancy at birth | 82.3 | 78.8 | 74.0 | 1.04 | 0.94 | Life expectancy at birth (years) |

Note: The national value pools all the places of each comparison into one bin, with the estimator and weights of its chapter, and is published there. It covers the places that the chapter ranks, so places without a rank or an estimate are left out.

Note: Rows with no natural zero are left out: the gender gaps in scores, the traffic and fine particulate percentiles and the ladder score. They are in the pattern table.

Note: The ratios have no intervals; the intervals of each bin and of each national value are in its chapter.

Source: Figures of the chapters named in each row, data years 1978 to 2024 as each chapter states; estimates as published there: full counts, crude rates, population-weighted means, unweighted survey means or modeled estimates.

Data: https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/report/how-far-one-ranking-goes/figures/ends_vs_us.json

### Table 4. Under the standardized index the main gradient changes class in 1 of 16 counted chapters, below the threshold of 4 that would replace the deprivation index

One row per chapter: the class of its main gradient under the ADI over the places with all four rankings, and whether each alternative ranking changes it, with the rank correlation of bin order and bin mean

| Chapter | Main gradient | Under the ADI | Standardized index | Median household income | Bachelor's degree share | Counted |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Birthweight and preterm birth | Low birthweight | Steady, worse at the deprived end (+0.99) | Unchanged (+0.99) | Unchanged (+0.96) | Ends differ under one ranking only (+0.68) | Yes |
| Infant mortality | Infant mortality | Steady, worse at the deprived end (+0.95) | Unchanged (+0.92) | Unchanged (+1.00) | Unchanged (+0.99) | Yes |
| College access, price and earnings | Distance to a four-year college | Steady, worse at the deprived end (+0.99) | Unchanged (+0.93) | Unchanged (+0.99) | Unchanged (+0.99) | Yes |
| Teen births | Predicted teen birth share | Steady (+1.00) | Unchanged (+1.00) | Unchanged (+1.00) | Unchanged (+1.00) | Yes |
| School discipline and incarceration | Incarceration, Black children from low-income families | Steady, worse at the deprived end (+1.00) | Unchanged (+0.98) | Unchanged (+1.00) | Unchanged (+1.00) | Yes |
| Mortgage denials | Mortgage denial rate | Steady, worse at the deprived end (+0.95) | Unchanged (+1.00) | Unchanged (+1.00) | Unchanged (+1.00) | Yes |
| Renting, affordability and eviction | Renter households over the cost-burden line | Uneven, worse at the deprived end (−0.30) | Shape changed (+0.99) | Shape changed (+1.00) | Unchanged (+0.79) | No, shares inputs with the rankings |
| Air pollution | Traffic proximity | Steady, better at the deprived end (−0.96) | Ends differ under one ranking only (−0.31) | Shape changed (−0.70) | Unchanged (−0.87) | Yes |
| Civic life, loneliness and partnership | Voter turnout, 2020 | Steady, worse at the deprived end (−1.00) | Unchanged (−0.98) | Unchanged (−0.99) | Unchanged (−0.98) | Yes |
| Life evaluation and daily feelings | Life evaluation (ladder score) | Steady, worse at the deprived end (−0.98) | Unchanged (−1.00) | Unchanged (−1.00) | Unchanged (−0.96) | Yes |
| Place and the length of a life | Life expectancy at birth | Steady, worse at the deprived end (−1.00) | Unchanged (−1.00) | Unchanged (−1.00) | Unchanged (−1.00) | Yes |
| Multiple chronic conditions | Chronic conditions that are high | Steady, worse at the deprived end (+1.00) | Unchanged (+1.00) | Unchanged (+1.00) | Unchanged (+1.00) | Yes |
| Disability, retirement and Medicare | Adult disability | Steady, worse at the deprived end (+1.00) | Unchanged (+1.00) | Unchanged (+1.00) | Unchanged (+1.00) | Yes |
| Health behaviors and the supply of care | Residents per primary care physician | Steady, worse at the deprived end (+1.00) | Unchanged (+0.99) | Unchanged (+0.96) | Unchanged (+1.00) | Yes |
| Gun homicide and the causes of early death | Premature death rate | Steady, worse at the deprived end (+1.00) | Unchanged (+1.00) | Unchanged (+1.00) | Unchanged (+1.00) | Yes |
| Overdose, alcohol and suicide | Overdose death rate | No detectable difference between the ends (+0.14) | Unchanged (+0.28) | Ends differ under one ranking only (+0.43) | Unchanged (+0.14) | Yes |
| Violence and the life-expectancy gap | Homicide death rate, tracts | Steady, worse at the deprived end (+1.00) | Unchanged (+1.00) | Unchanged (+1.00) | Unchanged (+1.00) | Yes |

Note: Each chapter recomputes its own gradient with its outcome, period, weights, bins and intervals; this table only classifies the published rows.

Note: Renting is reported and left out of the count, because rent and income are inputs to the ADI and to the standardized index.

Source: Figures named "alt_rankings" in the chapters listed, data years 1978 to 2024 as each chapter states; ADI 2023 and ACS 2019-2023 tract tables; estimates weighted as in each chapter (population-weighted, births-weighted or unweighted means, crude rates or modeled estimates)

Data: https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/report/how-far-one-ranking-goes/figures/ranking_check.json

### Table 5. Under either ranking and in each set of places, the least deprived tenth of tracts lives longer and smokes less than all places together, and the most deprived tenth lives shorter and smokes more

Mean at each end of the ranking, among the selected places, divided by the value for all tracts of the comparison, on a log scale; the tick marks the selected places pooled

| Ranking | Places | Outcome | Least deprived end | Selected places pooled | All places pooled | Most deprived end | Least deprived end divided by all places | Most deprived end divided by all places | Selected places divided by all places | Tracts at the least deprived end | Tracts at the most deprived end | Unit |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- |
| Area Deprivation Index | All places | Life expectancy at birth | 82.3 | 78.8 | 78.8 | 74.0 | 1.04 | 0.94 | n/a | 7,179 | 7,206 | Life expectancy at birth (years) |
| Area Deprivation Index | South | Life expectancy at birth | 82.3 | 77.7 | 78.8 | 74.0 | 1.04 | 0.94 | 0.99 | 928 | 3,810 | Life expectancy at birth (years) |
| Area Deprivation Index | Counties at least 25% Black | Life expectancy at birth | 81.0 | 77.0 | 78.8 | 73.0 | 1.03 | 0.93 | 0.98 | 690 | 2,040 | Life expectancy at birth (years) |
| Median household income | All places | Life expectancy at birth | 82.2 | 78.8 | 78.8 | 74.2 | 1.04 | 0.94 | n/a | 7,177 | 7,178 | Life expectancy at birth (years) |
| Median household income | South | Life expectancy at birth | 81.5 | 77.7 | 78.8 | 74.0 | 1.03 | 0.94 | 0.99 | 1,889 | 3,939 | Life expectancy at birth (years) |
| Median household income | Counties at least 25% Black | Life expectancy at birth | 81.4 | 77.0 | 78.8 | 73.3 | 1.03 | 0.93 | 0.98 | 655 | 2,146 | Life expectancy at birth (years) |
| Area Deprivation Index | All places | Current smoking | 9.0 | 14.5 | 14.5 | 22.7 | 0.62 | 1.56 | n/a | 7,551 | 7,543 | Percent of adults |
| Area Deprivation Index | South | Current smoking | 8.0 | 15.5 | 14.5 | 22.4 | 0.55 | 1.54 | 1.07 | 1,012 | 4,001 | Percent of adults |
| Area Deprivation Index | Counties at least 25% Black | Current smoking | 10.6 | 16.0 | 14.5 | 23.4 | 0.73 | 1.61 | 1.10 | 715 | 2,180 | Percent of adults |
| Median household income | All places | Current smoking | 8.7 | 14.5 | 14.5 | 21.8 | 0.60 | 1.50 | n/a | 7,560 | 7,559 | Percent of adults |
| Median household income | South | Current smoking | 9.0 | 15.5 | 14.5 | 21.8 | 0.62 | 1.50 | 1.07 | 2,039 | 4,155 | Percent of adults |
| Median household income | Counties at least 25% Black | Current smoking | 8.6 | 16.0 | 14.5 | 22.8 | 0.60 | 1.57 | 1.10 | 687 | 2,288 | Percent of adults |
| Area Deprivation Index | All places | Annual checkup | 74.0 | 75.6 | 75.6 | 77.8 | 0.98 | 1.03 | n/a | 7,551 | 7,543 | Percent of adults |
| Area Deprivation Index | South | Annual checkup | 76.5 | 76.8 | 75.6 | 78.1 | 1.01 | 1.03 | 1.02 | 1,012 | 4,001 | Percent of adults |
| Area Deprivation Index | Counties at least 25% Black | Annual checkup | 75.2 | 78.1 | 75.6 | 80.6 | 1.00 | 1.07 | 1.03 | 715 | 2,180 | Percent of adults |
| Median household income | All places | Annual checkup | 75.4 | 75.6 | 75.6 | 76.9 | 1.00 | 1.02 | n/a | 7,560 | 7,559 | Percent of adults |
| Median household income | South | Annual checkup | 76.4 | 76.8 | 75.6 | 77.8 | 1.01 | 1.03 | 1.02 | 2,039 | 4,155 | Percent of adults |
| Median household income | Counties at least 25% Black | Annual checkup | 76.4 | 78.1 | 75.6 | 80.2 | 1.01 | 1.06 | 1.03 | 687 | 2,288 | Percent of adults |

Views: ADI, All places (rk = adi, sub = all); ADI, South (rk = adi, sub = south); ADI, Counties at least a quarter Black (rk = adi, sub = black25); Household income, All places (rk = income, sub = all); Household income, South (rk = income, sub = south); Household income, Counties at least a quarter Black (rk = income, sub = black25).

Note: A prototype on the three outcomes of one chapter, Place and the length of a life, before the other rows of the chapter get the same treatment.

Note: Each tract keeps the tenth it holds among all tracts under the chosen ranking, so the ends mean the same level of deprivation or income in every set of places. Household income ranks tracts by ACS median household income, lowest income at the most deprived end.

Note: The places are the Census South region and counties where at least 25% of residents are Black alone (ACS county estimates). A tract takes the class of its county.

Note: All tracts with every ranking enter, so the values for all places can differ slightly from the chapter's figures, which use every tract with an ADI rank. Weights and intervals are the chapter's: adults for smoking and the checkup, residents for life expectancy, a bootstrap over counties.

Source: USALEEP life expectancy at birth, 2010-2015, and CDC PLACES 2024 (BRFSS 2022) via the chapter Place and the length of a life; ADI 2023 and ACS 2019-2023 tract and county tables; population- and adult-weighted means of modeled estimates

Data: https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/report/how-far-one-ranking-goes/figures/ends_splits.json

### Table 6. 17 of the 30 gradients are steadily worse toward the more deprived end of the ranking each chapter uses

Each outcome by bin of its chapter's ranking of places, least to most deprived, in its own units, with 95% intervals

| bin | conf_high | conf_low | digits | domain | estimate | least | most | outcome | pattern | rho | unit |
| ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- | ---: | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---: | --- |
| 1 | 7.68 | 7.18 | 1 | Birth and school | 7.43 | 7.4 | 9.7 | Low birthweight | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Share of live births (%) |
| 2 | 8.00 | 7.32 | 1 | Birth and school | 7.63 | 7.4 | 9.7 | Low birthweight | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Share of live births (%) |
| 3 | 8.36 | 7.55 | 1 | Birth and school | 7.96 | 7.4 | 9.7 | Low birthweight | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Share of live births (%) |
| 4 | 8.67 | 7.84 | 1 | Birth and school | 8.29 | 7.4 | 9.7 | Low birthweight | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Share of live births (%) |
| 5 | 8.65 | 7.97 | 1 | Birth and school | 8.37 | 7.4 | 9.7 | Low birthweight | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Share of live births (%) |
| 6 | 8.98 | 8.29 | 1 | Birth and school | 8.69 | 7.4 | 9.7 | Low birthweight | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Share of live births (%) |
| 7 | 9.50 | 8.57 | 1 | Birth and school | 9.05 | 7.4 | 9.7 | Low birthweight | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Share of live births (%) |
| 8 | 9.85 | 8.89 | 1 | Birth and school | 9.40 | 7.4 | 9.7 | Low birthweight | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Share of live births (%) |
| 9 | 10.18 | 9.00 | 1 | Birth and school | 9.63 | 7.4 | 9.7 | Low birthweight | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Share of live births (%) |
| 10 | 10.26 | 9.20 | 1 | Birth and school | 9.68 | 7.4 | 9.7 | Low birthweight | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Share of live births (%) |
| 1 | 9.01 | 8.59 | 1 | Birth and school | 8.82 | 8.8 | 12.1 | Preterm birth | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Share of live births (%) |
| 2 | 9.48 | 9.08 | 1 | Birth and school | 9.28 | 8.8 | 12.1 | Preterm birth | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Share of live births (%) |
| 3 | 10.12 | 9.47 | 1 | Birth and school | 9.82 | 8.8 | 12.1 | Preterm birth | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Share of live births (%) |
| 4 | 10.29 | 9.80 | 1 | Birth and school | 10.05 | 8.8 | 12.1 | Preterm birth | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Share of live births (%) |
| 5 | 10.53 | 9.98 | 1 | Birth and school | 10.27 | 8.8 | 12.1 | Preterm birth | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Share of live births (%) |
| 6 | 11.28 | 10.26 | 1 | Birth and school | 10.80 | 8.8 | 12.1 | Preterm birth | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Share of live births (%) |
| 7 | 11.22 | 10.56 | 1 | Birth and school | 10.92 | 8.8 | 12.1 | Preterm birth | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Share of live births (%) |
| 8 | 11.59 | 10.92 | 1 | Birth and school | 11.27 | 8.8 | 12.1 | Preterm birth | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Share of live births (%) |
| 9 | 11.82 | 11.01 | 1 | Birth and school | 11.42 | 8.8 | 12.1 | Preterm birth | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Share of live births (%) |
| 10 | 12.66 | 11.32 | 1 | Birth and school | 12.05 | 8.8 | 12.1 | Preterm birth | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Share of live births (%) |
| 1 | 4.19 | 3.83 | 1 | Birth and school | 4.00 | 4.0 | 8.8 | Infant mortality | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 0.950 | Infant deaths per 1,000 live births |
| 2 | 5.32 | 4.88 | 1 | Birth and school | 5.11 | 4.0 | 8.8 | Infant mortality | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 0.950 | Infant deaths per 1,000 live births |
| 3 | 5.97 | 5.51 | 1 | Birth and school | 5.78 | 4.0 | 8.8 | Infant mortality | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 0.950 | Infant deaths per 1,000 live births |
| 4 | 6.34 | 5.86 | 1 | Birth and school | 6.09 | 4.0 | 8.8 | Infant mortality | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 0.950 | Infant deaths per 1,000 live births |
| 5 | 7.06 | 6.37 | 1 | Birth and school | 6.72 | 4.0 | 8.8 | Infant mortality | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 0.950 | Infant deaths per 1,000 live births |
| 6 | 7.34 | 6.70 | 1 | Birth and school | 7.05 | 4.0 | 8.8 | Infant mortality | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 0.950 | Infant deaths per 1,000 live births |
| 7 | 8.12 | 7.12 | 1 | Birth and school | 7.65 | 4.0 | 8.8 | Infant mortality | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 0.950 | Infant deaths per 1,000 live births |
| 8 | 7.96 | 6.73 | 1 | Birth and school | 7.38 | 4.0 | 8.8 | Infant mortality | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 0.950 | Infant deaths per 1,000 live births |
| 9 | 7.92 | 6.49 | 1 | Birth and school | 7.24 | 4.0 | 8.8 | Infant mortality | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 0.950 | Infant deaths per 1,000 live births |
| 10 | 9.46 | 8.05 | 1 | Birth and school | 8.77 | 4.0 | 8.8 | Infant mortality | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 0.950 | Infant deaths per 1,000 live births |
| 1 | −0.781 | −0.971 | 2 | Birth and school | −0.867 | −0.87 | −0.79 | Reading gap, boys minus girls | No detectable difference between the ends | 0.390 | Mean male minus female gap (grade levels) |
| 2 | −0.735 | −0.881 | 2 | Birth and school | −0.806 | −0.87 | −0.79 | Reading gap, boys minus girls | No detectable difference between the ends | 0.390 | Mean male minus female gap (grade levels) |
| 3 | −0.725 | −0.854 | 2 | Birth and school | −0.799 | −0.87 | −0.79 | Reading gap, boys minus girls | No detectable difference between the ends | 0.390 | Mean male minus female gap (grade levels) |
| 4 | −0.687 | −0.858 | 2 | Birth and school | −0.767 | −0.87 | −0.79 | Reading gap, boys minus girls | No detectable difference between the ends | 0.390 | Mean male minus female gap (grade levels) |
| 5 | −0.692 | −0.841 | 2 | Birth and school | −0.760 | −0.87 | −0.79 | Reading gap, boys minus girls | No detectable difference between the ends | 0.390 | Mean male minus female gap (grade levels) |
| 6 | −0.678 | −0.805 | 2 | Birth and school | −0.737 | −0.87 | −0.79 | Reading gap, boys minus girls | No detectable difference between the ends | 0.390 | Mean male minus female gap (grade levels) |
| 7 | −0.701 | −0.855 | 2 | Birth and school | −0.782 | −0.87 | −0.79 | Reading gap, boys minus girls | No detectable difference between the ends | 0.390 | Mean male minus female gap (grade levels) |
| 8 | −0.704 | −0.861 | 2 | Birth and school | −0.780 | −0.87 | −0.79 | Reading gap, boys minus girls | No detectable difference between the ends | 0.390 | Mean male minus female gap (grade levels) |
| 9 | −0.718 | −0.880 | 2 | Birth and school | −0.795 | −0.87 | −0.79 | Reading gap, boys minus girls | No detectable difference between the ends | 0.390 | Mean male minus female gap (grade levels) |
| 10 | −0.714 | −0.885 | 2 | Birth and school | −0.791 | −0.87 | −0.79 | Reading gap, boys minus girls | No detectable difference between the ends | 0.390 | Mean male minus female gap (grade levels) |
| 1 | 0.119 | 0.038 | 2 | Birth and school | 0.080 | 0.08 | −0.20 | Math gap, boys minus girls | Steady | −0.930 | Mean male minus female gap (grade levels) |
| 2 | 0.063 | −0.032 | 2 | Birth and school | 0.008 | 0.08 | −0.20 | Math gap, boys minus girls | Steady | −0.930 | Mean male minus female gap (grade levels) |
| 3 | 0.001 | −0.101 | 2 | Birth and school | −0.061 | 0.08 | −0.20 | Math gap, boys minus girls | Steady | −0.930 | Mean male minus female gap (grade levels) |
| 4 | −0.017 | −0.114 | 2 | Birth and school | −0.063 | 0.08 | −0.20 | Math gap, boys minus girls | Steady | −0.930 | Mean male minus female gap (grade levels) |
| 5 | −0.032 | −0.111 | 2 | Birth and school | −0.071 | 0.08 | −0.20 | Math gap, boys minus girls | Steady | −0.930 | Mean male minus female gap (grade levels) |
| 6 | −0.013 | −0.086 | 2 | Birth and school | −0.051 | 0.08 | −0.20 | Math gap, boys minus girls | Steady | −0.930 | Mean male minus female gap (grade levels) |
| 7 | −0.049 | −0.154 | 2 | Birth and school | −0.102 | 0.08 | −0.20 | Math gap, boys minus girls | Steady | −0.930 | Mean male minus female gap (grade levels) |
| 8 | −0.093 | −0.196 | 2 | Birth and school | −0.143 | 0.08 | −0.20 | Math gap, boys minus girls | Steady | −0.930 | Mean male minus female gap (grade levels) |
| 9 | −0.102 | −0.190 | 2 | Birth and school | −0.145 | 0.08 | −0.20 | Math gap, boys minus girls | Steady | −0.930 | Mean male minus female gap (grade levels) |
| 10 | −0.153 | −0.259 | 2 | Birth and school | −0.203 | 0.08 | −0.20 | Math gap, boys minus girls | Steady | −0.930 | Mean male minus female gap (grade levels) |
| 1 | 6.91 | 5.27 | 1 | Becoming an adult | 6.10 | 6.1 | 29.3 | Distance to a four-year college | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Miles to the nearest four-year campus, average resident |
| 2 | 10.37 | 7.33 | 1 | Becoming an adult | 8.53 | 6.1 | 29.3 | Distance to a four-year college | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Miles to the nearest four-year campus, average resident |
| 3 | 12.34 | 7.70 | 1 | Becoming an adult | 9.36 | 6.1 | 29.3 | Distance to a four-year college | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Miles to the nearest four-year campus, average resident |
| 4 | 11.67 | 7.94 | 1 | Becoming an adult | 9.54 | 6.1 | 29.3 | Distance to a four-year college | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Miles to the nearest four-year campus, average resident |
| 5 | 20.68 | 10.77 | 1 | Becoming an adult | 14.49 | 6.1 | 29.3 | Distance to a four-year college | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Miles to the nearest four-year campus, average resident |
| 6 | 18.94 | 12.67 | 1 | Becoming an adult | 15.25 | 6.1 | 29.3 | Distance to a four-year college | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Miles to the nearest four-year campus, average resident |
| 7 | 21.96 | 14.73 | 1 | Becoming an adult | 17.97 | 6.1 | 29.3 | Distance to a four-year college | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Miles to the nearest four-year campus, average resident |
| 8 | 24.30 | 18.35 | 1 | Becoming an adult | 21.28 | 6.1 | 29.3 | Distance to a four-year college | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Miles to the nearest four-year campus, average resident |
| 9 | 29.50 | 22.45 | 1 | Becoming an adult | 25.60 | 6.1 | 29.3 | Distance to a four-year college | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Miles to the nearest four-year campus, average resident |
| 10 | 35.02 | 24.64 | 1 | Becoming an adult | 29.34 | 6.1 | 29.3 | Distance to a four-year college | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Miles to the nearest four-year campus, average resident |
| 1 | 14.01 | 11.85 | 1 | Becoming an adult | 12.95 | 13.0 | 38.5 | Predicted teen birth share | Steady | 1 | Predicted share of women with a teen birth (percent) |
| 2 | 19.34 | 16.06 | 1 | Becoming an adult | 17.73 | 13.0 | 38.5 | Predicted teen birth share | Steady | 1 | Predicted share of women with a teen birth (percent) |
| 3 | 21.14 | 18.97 | 1 | Becoming an adult | 20.03 | 13.0 | 38.5 | Predicted teen birth share | Steady | 1 | Predicted share of women with a teen birth (percent) |
| 4 | 23.01 | 21.62 | 1 | Becoming an adult | 22.31 | 13.0 | 38.5 | Predicted teen birth share | Steady | 1 | Predicted share of women with a teen birth (percent) |
| 5 | 25.17 | 23.94 | 1 | Becoming an adult | 24.55 | 13.0 | 38.5 | Predicted teen birth share | Steady | 1 | Predicted share of women with a teen birth (percent) |
| 6 | 27.15 | 25.90 | 1 | Becoming an adult | 26.54 | 13.0 | 38.5 | Predicted teen birth share | Steady | 1 | Predicted share of women with a teen birth (percent) |
| 7 | 29.25 | 28.03 | 1 | Becoming an adult | 28.65 | 13.0 | 38.5 | Predicted teen birth share | Steady | 1 | Predicted share of women with a teen birth (percent) |
| 8 | 31.26 | 29.92 | 1 | Becoming an adult | 30.57 | 13.0 | 38.5 | Predicted teen birth share | Steady | 1 | Predicted share of women with a teen birth (percent) |
| 9 | 33.37 | 32.12 | 1 | Becoming an adult | 32.75 | 13.0 | 38.5 | Predicted teen birth share | Steady | 1 | Predicted share of women with a teen birth (percent) |
| 10 | 39.27 | 37.79 | 1 | Becoming an adult | 38.54 | 13.0 | 38.5 | Predicted teen birth share | Steady | 1 | Predicted share of women with a teen birth (percent) |
| 1 | 4.17 | 3.40 | 1 | Becoming an adult | 3.80 | 3.8 | 6.4 | Incarceration, Black children from low-income families | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 0.990 | Percent incarcerated on April 1, 2010 |
| 2 | 4.80 | 4.13 | 1 | Becoming an adult | 4.46 | 3.8 | 6.4 | Incarceration, Black children from low-income families | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 0.990 | Percent incarcerated on April 1, 2010 |
| 3 | 5.08 | 4.51 | 1 | Becoming an adult | 4.79 | 3.8 | 6.4 | Incarceration, Black children from low-income families | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 0.990 | Percent incarcerated on April 1, 2010 |
| 4 | 5.30 | 4.75 | 1 | Becoming an adult | 5.02 | 3.8 | 6.4 | Incarceration, Black children from low-income families | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 0.990 | Percent incarcerated on April 1, 2010 |
| 5 | 5.61 | 5.08 | 1 | Becoming an adult | 5.33 | 3.8 | 6.4 | Incarceration, Black children from low-income families | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 0.990 | Percent incarcerated on April 1, 2010 |
| 6 | 5.76 | 5.31 | 1 | Becoming an adult | 5.52 | 3.8 | 6.4 | Incarceration, Black children from low-income families | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 0.990 | Percent incarcerated on April 1, 2010 |
| 7 | 5.74 | 5.32 | 1 | Becoming an adult | 5.52 | 3.8 | 6.4 | Incarceration, Black children from low-income families | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 0.990 | Percent incarcerated on April 1, 2010 |
| 8 | 6.03 | 5.55 | 1 | Becoming an adult | 5.79 | 3.8 | 6.4 | Incarceration, Black children from low-income families | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 0.990 | Percent incarcerated on April 1, 2010 |
| 9 | 6.10 | 5.59 | 1 | Becoming an adult | 5.84 | 3.8 | 6.4 | Incarceration, Black children from low-income families | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 0.990 | Percent incarcerated on April 1, 2010 |
| 10 | 6.68 | 6.06 | 1 | Becoming an adult | 6.37 | 3.8 | 6.4 | Incarceration, Black children from low-income families | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 0.990 | Percent incarcerated on April 1, 2010 |
| 1 | 1.41 | 1.09 | 2 | Becoming an adult | 1.23 | 1.23 | 2.59 | Incarceration, white children from low-income families | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Percent incarcerated on April 1, 2010 |
| 2 | 1.61 | 1.33 | 2 | Becoming an adult | 1.47 | 1.23 | 2.59 | Incarceration, white children from low-income families | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Percent incarcerated on April 1, 2010 |
| 3 | 1.75 | 1.52 | 2 | Becoming an adult | 1.64 | 1.23 | 2.59 | Incarceration, white children from low-income families | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Percent incarcerated on April 1, 2010 |
| 4 | 2.03 | 1.80 | 2 | Becoming an adult | 1.92 | 1.23 | 2.59 | Incarceration, white children from low-income families | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Percent incarcerated on April 1, 2010 |
| 5 | 2.23 | 1.87 | 2 | Becoming an adult | 2.05 | 1.23 | 2.59 | Incarceration, white children from low-income families | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Percent incarcerated on April 1, 2010 |
| 6 | 2.29 | 1.97 | 2 | Becoming an adult | 2.13 | 1.23 | 2.59 | Incarceration, white children from low-income families | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Percent incarcerated on April 1, 2010 |
| 7 | 2.39 | 2.07 | 2 | Becoming an adult | 2.23 | 1.23 | 2.59 | Incarceration, white children from low-income families | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Percent incarcerated on April 1, 2010 |
| 8 | 2.42 | 2.10 | 2 | Becoming an adult | 2.25 | 1.23 | 2.59 | Incarceration, white children from low-income families | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Percent incarcerated on April 1, 2010 |
| 9 | 2.45 | 2.17 | 2 | Becoming an adult | 2.32 | 1.23 | 2.59 | Incarceration, white children from low-income families | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Percent incarcerated on April 1, 2010 |
| 10 | 2.81 | 2.40 | 2 | Becoming an adult | 2.59 | 1.23 | 2.59 | Incarceration, white children from low-income families | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Percent incarcerated on April 1, 2010 |
| 1 | 8.44 | 7.17 | 1 | Home, work and money | 7.81 | 7.8 | 13.8 | Mortgage denial rate | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 0.950 | Denied share of decided applications (%) |
| 2 | 8.23 | 7.20 | 1 | Home, work and money | 7.69 | 7.8 | 13.8 | Mortgage denial rate | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 0.950 | Denied share of decided applications (%) |
| 3 | 8.02 | 7.25 | 1 | Home, work and money | 7.63 | 7.8 | 13.8 | Mortgage denial rate | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 0.950 | Denied share of decided applications (%) |
| 4 | 8.62 | 7.79 | 1 | Home, work and money | 8.19 | 7.8 | 13.8 | Mortgage denial rate | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 0.950 | Denied share of decided applications (%) |
| 5 | 9.04 | 8.14 | 1 | Home, work and money | 8.59 | 7.8 | 13.8 | Mortgage denial rate | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 0.950 | Denied share of decided applications (%) |
| 6 | 9.63 | 8.68 | 1 | Home, work and money | 9.18 | 7.8 | 13.8 | Mortgage denial rate | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 0.950 | Denied share of decided applications (%) |
| 7 | 9.99 | 9.10 | 1 | Home, work and money | 9.55 | 7.8 | 13.8 | Mortgage denial rate | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 0.950 | Denied share of decided applications (%) |
| 8 | 10.51 | 9.59 | 1 | Home, work and money | 10.04 | 7.8 | 13.8 | Mortgage denial rate | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 0.950 | Denied share of decided applications (%) |
| 9 | 11.35 | 10.54 | 1 | Home, work and money | 10.91 | 7.8 | 13.8 | Mortgage denial rate | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 0.950 | Denied share of decided applications (%) |
| 10 | 14.33 | 13.33 | 1 | Home, work and money | 13.81 | 7.8 | 13.8 | Mortgage denial rate | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 0.950 | Denied share of decided applications (%) |
| 1 | 46.68 | 41.91 | 1 | Home, work and money | 44.45 | 44.5 | 47.6 | Renter households over the cost-burden line | No detectable difference between the ends | −0.300 | Share paying more than 30% of income (%) |
| 2 | 50.08 | 45 | 1 | Home, work and money | 47.68 | 44.5 | 47.6 | Renter households over the cost-burden line | No detectable difference between the ends | −0.300 | Share paying more than 30% of income (%) |
| 3 | 48.50 | 44.76 | 1 | Home, work and money | 46.65 | 44.5 | 47.6 | Renter households over the cost-burden line | No detectable difference between the ends | −0.300 | Share paying more than 30% of income (%) |
| 4 | 46.71 | 44.48 | 1 | Home, work and money | 45.61 | 44.5 | 47.6 | Renter households over the cost-burden line | No detectable difference between the ends | −0.300 | Share paying more than 30% of income (%) |
| 5 | 46.16 | 44.14 | 1 | Home, work and money | 45.17 | 44.5 | 47.6 | Renter households over the cost-burden line | No detectable difference between the ends | −0.300 | Share paying more than 30% of income (%) |
| 6 | 46.02 | 44.16 | 1 | Home, work and money | 45.12 | 44.5 | 47.6 | Renter households over the cost-burden line | No detectable difference between the ends | −0.300 | Share paying more than 30% of income (%) |
| 7 | 45.57 | 43.59 | 1 | Home, work and money | 44.64 | 44.5 | 47.6 | Renter households over the cost-burden line | No detectable difference between the ends | −0.300 | Share paying more than 30% of income (%) |
| 8 | 45.27 | 43.51 | 1 | Home, work and money | 44.42 | 44.5 | 47.6 | Renter households over the cost-burden line | No detectable difference between the ends | −0.300 | Share paying more than 30% of income (%) |
| 9 | 44.95 | 43.26 | 1 | Home, work and money | 44.13 | 44.5 | 47.6 | Renter households over the cost-burden line | No detectable difference between the ends | −0.300 | Share paying more than 30% of income (%) |
| 10 | 48.42 | 46.63 | 1 | Home, work and money | 47.58 | 44.5 | 47.6 | Renter households over the cost-burden line | No detectable difference between the ends | −0.300 | Share paying more than 30% of income (%) |
| 1 | 27.22 | 23.74 | 1 | Home, work and money | 25.55 | 25.6 | 19.8 | Owner households over the cost-burden line | Uneven, better at the deprived end | −0.880 | Share paying more than 30% of income (%) |
| 2 | 25.42 | 22.31 | 1 | Home, work and money | 23.87 | 25.6 | 19.8 | Owner households over the cost-burden line | Uneven, better at the deprived end | −0.880 | Share paying more than 30% of income (%) |
| 3 | 22.64 | 20.98 | 1 | Home, work and money | 21.79 | 25.6 | 19.8 | Owner households over the cost-burden line | Uneven, better at the deprived end | −0.880 | Share paying more than 30% of income (%) |
| 4 | 21.70 | 20.36 | 1 | Home, work and money | 21.03 | 25.6 | 19.8 | Owner households over the cost-burden line | Uneven, better at the deprived end | −0.880 | Share paying more than 30% of income (%) |
| 5 | 20.85 | 19.59 | 1 | Home, work and money | 20.20 | 25.6 | 19.8 | Owner households over the cost-burden line | Uneven, better at the deprived end | −0.880 | Share paying more than 30% of income (%) |
| 6 | 20 | 18.90 | 1 | Home, work and money | 19.45 | 25.6 | 19.8 | Owner households over the cost-burden line | Uneven, better at the deprived end | −0.880 | Share paying more than 30% of income (%) |
| 7 | 19.56 | 18.45 | 1 | Home, work and money | 18.97 | 25.6 | 19.8 | Owner households over the cost-burden line | Uneven, better at the deprived end | −0.880 | Share paying more than 30% of income (%) |
| 8 | 18.89 | 17.95 | 1 | Home, work and money | 18.42 | 25.6 | 19.8 | Owner households over the cost-burden line | Uneven, better at the deprived end | −0.880 | Share paying more than 30% of income (%) |
| 9 | 18.74 | 17.90 | 1 | Home, work and money | 18.31 | 25.6 | 19.8 | Owner households over the cost-burden line | Uneven, better at the deprived end | −0.880 | Share paying more than 30% of income (%) |
| 10 | 20.28 | 19.25 | 1 | Home, work and money | 19.78 | 25.6 | 19.8 | Owner households over the cost-burden line | Uneven, better at the deprived end | −0.880 | Share paying more than 30% of income (%) |
| 1 | 78.06 | 72.60 | 1 | Home, work and money | 75.33 | 75.3 | 62.5 | Low-income renters over the cost-burden line | Steady, better at the deprived end | −1 | Low-income households paying more than 30% of income (%) |
| 2 | 76.22 | 74.15 | 1 | Home, work and money | 75.05 | 75.3 | 62.5 | Low-income renters over the cost-burden line | Steady, better at the deprived end | −1 | Low-income households paying more than 30% of income (%) |
| 3 | 75.27 | 72.86 | 1 | Home, work and money | 74.01 | 75.3 | 62.5 | Low-income renters over the cost-burden line | Steady, better at the deprived end | −1 | Low-income households paying more than 30% of income (%) |
| 4 | 74.23 | 72.10 | 1 | Home, work and money | 73.20 | 75.3 | 62.5 | Low-income renters over the cost-burden line | Steady, better at the deprived end | −1 | Low-income households paying more than 30% of income (%) |
| 5 | 72.19 | 69.90 | 1 | Home, work and money | 71.11 | 75.3 | 62.5 | Low-income renters over the cost-burden line | Steady, better at the deprived end | −1 | Low-income households paying more than 30% of income (%) |
| 6 | 70.06 | 67.89 | 1 | Home, work and money | 68.99 | 75.3 | 62.5 | Low-income renters over the cost-burden line | Steady, better at the deprived end | −1 | Low-income households paying more than 30% of income (%) |
| 7 | 67.66 | 65.52 | 1 | Home, work and money | 66.62 | 75.3 | 62.5 | Low-income renters over the cost-burden line | Steady, better at the deprived end | −1 | Low-income households paying more than 30% of income (%) |
| 8 | 65.44 | 63.63 | 1 | Home, work and money | 64.56 | 75.3 | 62.5 | Low-income renters over the cost-burden line | Steady, better at the deprived end | −1 | Low-income households paying more than 30% of income (%) |
| 9 | 63.27 | 61.66 | 1 | Home, work and money | 62.51 | 75.3 | 62.5 | Low-income renters over the cost-burden line | Steady, better at the deprived end | −1 | Low-income households paying more than 30% of income (%) |
| 10 | 63.27 | 61.58 | 1 | Home, work and money | 62.46 | 75.3 | 62.5 | Low-income renters over the cost-burden line | Steady, better at the deprived end | −1 | Low-income households paying more than 30% of income (%) |
| 1 | 79.18 | 68.05 | 1 | Environment and connection | 74.70 | 74.7 | 39.0 | Traffic proximity | Steady, better at the deprived end | −0.960 | Mean national percentile of the tract (0 to 100) |
| 2 | 71.29 | 58.96 | 1 | Environment and connection | 65.23 | 74.7 | 39.0 | Traffic proximity | Steady, better at the deprived end | −0.960 | Mean national percentile of the tract (0 to 100) |
| 3 | 60.23 | 53.49 | 1 | Environment and connection | 56.92 | 74.7 | 39.0 | Traffic proximity | Steady, better at the deprived end | −0.960 | Mean national percentile of the tract (0 to 100) |
| 4 | 53.77 | 48.87 | 1 | Environment and connection | 51.45 | 74.7 | 39.0 | Traffic proximity | Steady, better at the deprived end | −0.960 | Mean national percentile of the tract (0 to 100) |
| 5 | 50.34 | 44.93 | 1 | Environment and connection | 47.72 | 74.7 | 39.0 | Traffic proximity | Steady, better at the deprived end | −0.960 | Mean national percentile of the tract (0 to 100) |
| 6 | 47.13 | 41.66 | 1 | Environment and connection | 44.43 | 74.7 | 39.0 | Traffic proximity | Steady, better at the deprived end | −0.960 | Mean national percentile of the tract (0 to 100) |
| 7 | 44.32 | 38.17 | 1 | Environment and connection | 41.19 | 74.7 | 39.0 | Traffic proximity | Steady, better at the deprived end | −0.960 | Mean national percentile of the tract (0 to 100) |
| 8 | 40.55 | 35.39 | 1 | Environment and connection | 38.01 | 74.7 | 39.0 | Traffic proximity | Steady, better at the deprived end | −0.960 | Mean national percentile of the tract (0 to 100) |
| 9 | 37.53 | 32.20 | 1 | Environment and connection | 34.92 | 74.7 | 39.0 | Traffic proximity | Steady, better at the deprived end | −0.960 | Mean national percentile of the tract (0 to 100) |
| 10 | 42.13 | 35.42 | 1 | Environment and connection | 38.99 | 74.7 | 39.0 | Traffic proximity | Steady, better at the deprived end | −0.960 | Mean national percentile of the tract (0 to 100) |
| 1 | 73.24 | 52.34 | 1 | Environment and connection | 64.27 | 64.3 | 47.8 | Fine particulate matter | Steady, better at the deprived end | −0.930 | Mean national percentile of the tract (0 to 100) |
| 2 | 65.84 | 47.61 | 1 | Environment and connection | 56.82 | 64.3 | 47.8 | Fine particulate matter | Steady, better at the deprived end | −0.930 | Mean national percentile of the tract (0 to 100) |
| 3 | 56.99 | 47.69 | 1 | Environment and connection | 52.29 | 64.3 | 47.8 | Fine particulate matter | Steady, better at the deprived end | −0.930 | Mean national percentile of the tract (0 to 100) |
| 4 | 54.11 | 47.20 | 1 | Environment and connection | 50.75 | 64.3 | 47.8 | Fine particulate matter | Steady, better at the deprived end | −0.930 | Mean national percentile of the tract (0 to 100) |
| 5 | 51.99 | 46.09 | 1 | Environment and connection | 49.21 | 64.3 | 47.8 | Fine particulate matter | Steady, better at the deprived end | −0.930 | Mean national percentile of the tract (0 to 100) |
| 6 | 51.28 | 44.87 | 1 | Environment and connection | 48.16 | 64.3 | 47.8 | Fine particulate matter | Steady, better at the deprived end | −0.930 | Mean national percentile of the tract (0 to 100) |
| 7 | 50.70 | 44.20 | 1 | Environment and connection | 47.40 | 64.3 | 47.8 | Fine particulate matter | Steady, better at the deprived end | −0.930 | Mean national percentile of the tract (0 to 100) |
| 8 | 47.38 | 41.64 | 1 | Environment and connection | 44.47 | 64.3 | 47.8 | Fine particulate matter | Steady, better at the deprived end | −0.930 | Mean national percentile of the tract (0 to 100) |
| 9 | 46.62 | 41.50 | 1 | Environment and connection | 44.06 | 64.3 | 47.8 | Fine particulate matter | Steady, better at the deprived end | −0.930 | Mean national percentile of the tract (0 to 100) |
| 10 | 50.97 | 44.29 | 1 | Environment and connection | 47.76 | 64.3 | 47.8 | Fine particulate matter | Steady, better at the deprived end | −0.930 | Mean national percentile of the tract (0 to 100) |
| 1 | 73.80 | 70.58 | 1 | Environment and connection | 72.06 | 72.1 | 56.4 | Voter turnout, 2020 | Steady, worse at the deprived end | −1 | Turnout or self-response (%) |
| 2 | 71 | 67.93 | 1 | Environment and connection | 69.33 | 72.1 | 56.4 | Voter turnout, 2020 | Steady, worse at the deprived end | −1 | Turnout or self-response (%) |
| 3 | 68.58 | 64.62 | 1 | Environment and connection | 66.59 | 72.1 | 56.4 | Voter turnout, 2020 | Steady, worse at the deprived end | −1 | Turnout or self-response (%) |
| 4 | 65.57 | 62.07 | 1 | Environment and connection | 63.95 | 72.1 | 56.4 | Voter turnout, 2020 | Steady, worse at the deprived end | −1 | Turnout or self-response (%) |
| 5 | 64.15 | 61.43 | 1 | Environment and connection | 62.84 | 72.1 | 56.4 | Voter turnout, 2020 | Steady, worse at the deprived end | −1 | Turnout or self-response (%) |
| 6 | 62.08 | 59.10 | 1 | Environment and connection | 60.63 | 72.1 | 56.4 | Voter turnout, 2020 | Steady, worse at the deprived end | −1 | Turnout or self-response (%) |
| 7 | 60.94 | 58.84 | 1 | Environment and connection | 59.85 | 72.1 | 56.4 | Voter turnout, 2020 | Steady, worse at the deprived end | −1 | Turnout or self-response (%) |
| 8 | 60.52 | 56.90 | 1 | Environment and connection | 58.66 | 72.1 | 56.4 | Voter turnout, 2020 | Steady, worse at the deprived end | −1 | Turnout or self-response (%) |
| 9 | 59.01 | 57.18 | 1 | Environment and connection | 58.06 | 72.1 | 56.4 | Voter turnout, 2020 | Steady, worse at the deprived end | −1 | Turnout or self-response (%) |
| 10 | 57.59 | 55.37 | 1 | Environment and connection | 56.43 | 72.1 | 56.4 | Voter turnout, 2020 | Steady, worse at the deprived end | −1 | Turnout or self-response (%) |
| 1 | 69.94 | 67.39 | 1 | Environment and connection | 68.60 | 68.6 | 47.6 | Census self-response, 2020 | Steady, worse at the deprived end | −1 | Turnout or self-response (%) |
| 2 | 68.15 | 65.91 | 1 | Environment and connection | 66.97 | 68.6 | 47.6 | Census self-response, 2020 | Steady, worse at the deprived end | −1 | Turnout or self-response (%) |
| 3 | 68.04 | 65 | 1 | Environment and connection | 66.45 | 68.6 | 47.6 | Census self-response, 2020 | Steady, worse at the deprived end | −1 | Turnout or self-response (%) |
| 4 | 66.25 | 63.61 | 1 | Environment and connection | 64.94 | 68.6 | 47.6 | Census self-response, 2020 | Steady, worse at the deprived end | −1 | Turnout or self-response (%) |
| 5 | 64.80 | 62.56 | 1 | Environment and connection | 63.80 | 68.6 | 47.6 | Census self-response, 2020 | Steady, worse at the deprived end | −1 | Turnout or self-response (%) |
| 6 | 62.88 | 60.24 | 1 | Environment and connection | 61.63 | 68.6 | 47.6 | Census self-response, 2020 | Steady, worse at the deprived end | −1 | Turnout or self-response (%) |
| 7 | 61.85 | 59.72 | 1 | Environment and connection | 60.76 | 68.6 | 47.6 | Census self-response, 2020 | Steady, worse at the deprived end | −1 | Turnout or self-response (%) |
| 8 | 58.76 | 55.75 | 1 | Environment and connection | 57.15 | 68.6 | 47.6 | Census self-response, 2020 | Steady, worse at the deprived end | −1 | Turnout or self-response (%) |
| 9 | 55.21 | 53.18 | 1 | Environment and connection | 54.20 | 68.6 | 47.6 | Census self-response, 2020 | Steady, worse at the deprived end | −1 | Turnout or self-response (%) |
| 10 | 49.12 | 46.11 | 1 | Environment and connection | 47.63 | 68.6 | 47.6 | Census self-response, 2020 | Steady, worse at the deprived end | −1 | Turnout or self-response (%) |
| 1 | 7.23 | 7.11 | 2 | Environment and connection | 7.17 | 7.17 | 6.93 | Life evaluation (ladder score) | Steady, worse at the deprived end | −1 | Mean ladder score (0 to 10) |
| 2 | 7.17 | 7.09 | 2 | Environment and connection | 7.13 | 7.17 | 6.93 | Life evaluation (ladder score) | Steady, worse at the deprived end | −1 | Mean ladder score (0 to 10) |
| 3 | 7.15 | 7.08 | 2 | Environment and connection | 7.11 | 7.17 | 6.93 | Life evaluation (ladder score) | Steady, worse at the deprived end | −1 | Mean ladder score (0 to 10) |
| 4 | 7.14 | 7.07 | 2 | Environment and connection | 7.10 | 7.17 | 6.93 | Life evaluation (ladder score) | Steady, worse at the deprived end | −1 | Mean ladder score (0 to 10) |
| 5 | 7.12 | 7.07 | 2 | Environment and connection | 7.10 | 7.17 | 6.93 | Life evaluation (ladder score) | Steady, worse at the deprived end | −1 | Mean ladder score (0 to 10) |
| 6 | 7.12 | 7.06 | 2 | Environment and connection | 7.09 | 7.17 | 6.93 | Life evaluation (ladder score) | Steady, worse at the deprived end | −1 | Mean ladder score (0 to 10) |
| 7 | 7.08 | 7.03 | 2 | Environment and connection | 7.06 | 7.17 | 6.93 | Life evaluation (ladder score) | Steady, worse at the deprived end | −1 | Mean ladder score (0 to 10) |
| 8 | 7.06 | 7.02 | 2 | Environment and connection | 7.04 | 7.17 | 6.93 | Life evaluation (ladder score) | Steady, worse at the deprived end | −1 | Mean ladder score (0 to 10) |
| 9 | 7.00 | 6.96 | 2 | Environment and connection | 6.98 | 7.17 | 6.93 | Life evaluation (ladder score) | Steady, worse at the deprived end | −1 | Mean ladder score (0 to 10) |
| 10 | 6.94 | 6.91 | 2 | Environment and connection | 6.93 | 7.17 | 6.93 | Life evaluation (ladder score) | Steady, worse at the deprived end | −1 | Mean ladder score (0 to 10) |
| 1 | 9.59 | 8.53 | 1 | Health and care | 9.06 | 9.1 | 22.8 | Current smoking | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Percent of adults |
| 2 | 11.25 | 10.20 | 1 | Health and care | 10.74 | 9.1 | 22.8 | Current smoking | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Percent of adults |
| 3 | 11.99 | 11.28 | 1 | Health and care | 11.62 | 9.1 | 22.8 | Current smoking | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Percent of adults |
| 4 | 12.88 | 12.45 | 1 | Health and care | 12.67 | 9.1 | 22.8 | Current smoking | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Percent of adults |
| 5 | 14.09 | 13.70 | 1 | Health and care | 13.89 | 9.1 | 22.8 | Current smoking | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Percent of adults |
| 6 | 15.28 | 14.93 | 1 | Health and care | 15.10 | 9.1 | 22.8 | Current smoking | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Percent of adults |
| 7 | 16.54 | 16.25 | 1 | Health and care | 16.39 | 9.1 | 22.8 | Current smoking | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Percent of adults |
| 8 | 17.94 | 17.61 | 1 | Health and care | 17.78 | 9.1 | 22.8 | Current smoking | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Percent of adults |
| 9 | 19.62 | 19.27 | 1 | Health and care | 19.45 | 9.1 | 22.8 | Current smoking | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Percent of adults |
| 10 | 23.14 | 22.46 | 1 | Health and care | 22.81 | 9.1 | 22.8 | Current smoking | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Percent of adults |
| 1 | 75.29 | 73.23 | 1 | Health and care | 74.16 | 74.2 | 77.8 | Annual checkup | Steady, better at the deprived end | 1 | Percent of adults |
| 2 | 75.40 | 73.25 | 1 | Health and care | 74.27 | 74.2 | 77.8 | Annual checkup | Steady, better at the deprived end | 1 | Percent of adults |
| 3 | 75.35 | 74 | 1 | Health and care | 74.67 | 74.2 | 77.8 | Annual checkup | Steady, better at the deprived end | 1 | Percent of adults |
| 4 | 75.41 | 74.40 | 1 | Health and care | 74.90 | 74.2 | 77.8 | Annual checkup | Steady, better at the deprived end | 1 | Percent of adults |
| 5 | 75.89 | 75.06 | 1 | Health and care | 75.46 | 74.2 | 77.8 | Annual checkup | Steady, better at the deprived end | 1 | Percent of adults |
| 6 | 76.26 | 75.45 | 1 | Health and care | 75.85 | 74.2 | 77.8 | Annual checkup | Steady, better at the deprived end | 1 | Percent of adults |
| 7 | 76.59 | 75.81 | 1 | Health and care | 76.21 | 74.2 | 77.8 | Annual checkup | Steady, better at the deprived end | 1 | Percent of adults |
| 8 | 76.96 | 76.26 | 1 | Health and care | 76.62 | 74.2 | 77.8 | Annual checkup | Steady, better at the deprived end | 1 | Percent of adults |
| 9 | 77.44 | 76.83 | 1 | Health and care | 77.14 | 74.2 | 77.8 | Annual checkup | Steady, better at the deprived end | 1 | Percent of adults |
| 10 | 78.18 | 77.34 | 1 | Health and care | 77.76 | 74.2 | 77.8 | Annual checkup | Steady, better at the deprived end | 1 | Percent of adults |
| 1 | 0.550 | 0.380 | 1 | Health and care | 0.450 | 0.5 | 5.7 | Chronic conditions that are high | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Mean number of high conditions (of nine) |
| 2 | 0.700 | 0.550 | 1 | Health and care | 0.620 | 0.5 | 5.7 | Chronic conditions that are high | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Mean number of high conditions (of nine) |
| 3 | 1 | 0.780 | 1 | Health and care | 0.880 | 0.5 | 5.7 | Chronic conditions that are high | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Mean number of high conditions (of nine) |
| 4 | 1.10 | 0.920 | 1 | Health and care | 1.01 | 0.5 | 5.7 | Chronic conditions that are high | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Mean number of high conditions (of nine) |
| 5 | 1.39 | 1.19 | 1 | Health and care | 1.29 | 0.5 | 5.7 | Chronic conditions that are high | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Mean number of high conditions (of nine) |
| 6 | 1.83 | 1.60 | 1 | Health and care | 1.71 | 0.5 | 5.7 | Chronic conditions that are high | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Mean number of high conditions (of nine) |
| 7 | 2.46 | 2.22 | 1 | Health and care | 2.34 | 0.5 | 5.7 | Chronic conditions that are high | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Mean number of high conditions (of nine) |
| 8 | 3.34 | 3.07 | 1 | Health and care | 3.21 | 0.5 | 5.7 | Chronic conditions that are high | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Mean number of high conditions (of nine) |
| 9 | 4.49 | 4.21 | 1 | Health and care | 4.35 | 0.5 | 5.7 | Chronic conditions that are high | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Mean number of high conditions (of nine) |
| 10 | 5.81 | 5.52 | 1 | Health and care | 5.66 | 0.5 | 5.7 | Chronic conditions that are high | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Mean number of high conditions (of nine) |
| 1 | 24.07 | 22.30 | 1 | Health and care | 23.28 | 23.3 | 42.9 | Adult disability | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Percent of adults |
| 2 | 27.45 | 24.50 | 1 | Health and care | 25.97 | 23.3 | 42.9 | Adult disability | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Percent of adults |
| 3 | 27.99 | 26.08 | 1 | Health and care | 27 | 23.3 | 42.9 | Adult disability | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Percent of adults |
| 4 | 28.73 | 27.60 | 1 | Health and care | 28.17 | 23.3 | 42.9 | Adult disability | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Percent of adults |
| 5 | 30.32 | 29.39 | 1 | Health and care | 29.84 | 23.3 | 42.9 | Adult disability | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Percent of adults |
| 6 | 32.06 | 31.21 | 1 | Health and care | 31.62 | 23.3 | 42.9 | Adult disability | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Percent of adults |
| 7 | 33.88 | 33.16 | 1 | Health and care | 33.53 | 23.3 | 42.9 | Adult disability | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Percent of adults |
| 8 | 35.81 | 35.15 | 1 | Health and care | 35.48 | 23.3 | 42.9 | Adult disability | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Percent of adults |
| 9 | 38.39 | 37.74 | 1 | Health and care | 38.06 | 23.3 | 42.9 | Adult disability | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Percent of adults |
| 10 | 43.21 | 42.50 | 1 | Health and care | 42.86 | 23.3 | 42.9 | Adult disability | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Percent of adults |
| 1 | 1205 | 1093 | 0 | Health and care | 1159 | 1,159 | 2,730 | Residents per primary care physician | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Residents per provider |
| 2 | 1449 | 1221 | 0 | Health and care | 1335 | 1,159 | 2,730 | Residents per primary care physician | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Residents per provider |
| 3 | 1511 | 1286 | 0 | Health and care | 1389 | 1,159 | 2,730 | Residents per primary care physician | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Residents per provider |
| 4 | 1512 | 1309 | 0 | Health and care | 1411 | 1,159 | 2,730 | Residents per primary care physician | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Residents per provider |
| 5 | 1737 | 1365 | 0 | Health and care | 1529 | 1,159 | 2,730 | Residents per primary care physician | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Residents per provider |
| 6 | 1877 | 1458 | 0 | Health and care | 1656 | 1,159 | 2,730 | Residents per primary care physician | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Residents per provider |
| 7 | 2148 | 1660 | 0 | Health and care | 1894 | 1,159 | 2,730 | Residents per primary care physician | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Residents per provider |
| 8 | 2249 | 1905 | 0 | Health and care | 2083 | 1,159 | 2,730 | Residents per primary care physician | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Residents per provider |
| 9 | 2828 | 2394 | 0 | Health and care | 2593 | 1,159 | 2,730 | Residents per primary care physician | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Residents per provider |
| 10 | 3018 | 2452 | 0 | Health and care | 2730 | 1,159 | 2,730 | Residents per primary care physician | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Residents per provider |
| 1 | 584 | 555.5 | 0 | Health and care | 570.5 | 571 | 677 | Emergency visits per Medicare beneficiary | Steady | 1 | Visits per thousand beneficiaries per year |
| 2 | 617.4 | 582.1 | 0 | Health and care | 598.9 | 571 | 677 | Emergency visits per Medicare beneficiary | Steady | 1 | Visits per thousand beneficiaries per year |
| 3 | 635.5 | 603 | 0 | Health and care | 620.1 | 571 | 677 | Emergency visits per Medicare beneficiary | Steady | 1 | Visits per thousand beneficiaries per year |
| 4 | 655.4 | 627.3 | 0 | Health and care | 642.1 | 571 | 677 | Emergency visits per Medicare beneficiary | Steady | 1 | Visits per thousand beneficiaries per year |
| 5 | 693.6 | 656.4 | 0 | Health and care | 676.7 | 571 | 677 | Emergency visits per Medicare beneficiary | Steady | 1 | Visits per thousand beneficiaries per year |
| 1 | 317.6 | 296.1 | 0 | Early death | 306.9 | 307 | 701 | Premature death rate | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Premature deaths per 100,000 residents, age-adjusted |
| 2 | 387.5 | 356.6 | 0 | Early death | 372.7 | 307 | 701 | Premature death rate | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Premature deaths per 100,000 residents, age-adjusted |
| 3 | 438.9 | 399.7 | 0 | Early death | 417.1 | 307 | 701 | Premature death rate | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Premature deaths per 100,000 residents, age-adjusted |
| 4 | 493.3 | 439.2 | 0 | Early death | 465.4 | 307 | 701 | Premature death rate | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Premature deaths per 100,000 residents, age-adjusted |
| 5 | 510.6 | 465.7 | 0 | Early death | 490.1 | 307 | 701 | Premature death rate | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Premature deaths per 100,000 residents, age-adjusted |
| 6 | 536.2 | 483.2 | 0 | Early death | 505.8 | 307 | 701 | Premature death rate | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Premature deaths per 100,000 residents, age-adjusted |
| 7 | 563.4 | 502 | 0 | Early death | 531.3 | 307 | 701 | Premature death rate | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Premature deaths per 100,000 residents, age-adjusted |
| 8 | 588.4 | 508.8 | 0 | Early death | 543.4 | 307 | 701 | Premature death rate | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Premature deaths per 100,000 residents, age-adjusted |
| 9 | 631.6 | 568.9 | 0 | Early death | 604 | 307 | 701 | Premature death rate | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Premature deaths per 100,000 residents, age-adjusted |
| 10 | 739.9 | 659.7 | 0 | Early death | 701.1 | 307 | 701 | Premature death rate | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Premature deaths per 100,000 residents, age-adjusted |
| 1 | 25.58 | 22.17 | 1 | Early death | 23.84 | 23.8 | 31.1 | Overdose death rate | Uneven, worse at the deprived end | 0.090 | Deaths per 100,000 residents |
| 2 | 29.93 | 24.57 | 1 | Early death | 27.28 | 23.8 | 31.1 | Overdose death rate | Uneven, worse at the deprived end | 0.090 | Deaths per 100,000 residents |
| 3 | 34.96 | 26.90 | 1 | Early death | 30.74 | 23.8 | 31.1 | Overdose death rate | Uneven, worse at the deprived end | 0.090 | Deaths per 100,000 residents |
| 4 | 42.01 | 30.60 | 1 | Early death | 36.13 | 23.8 | 31.1 | Overdose death rate | Uneven, worse at the deprived end | 0.090 | Deaths per 100,000 residents |
| 5 | 35.49 | 27.61 | 1 | Early death | 31.86 | 23.8 | 31.1 | Overdose death rate | Uneven, worse at the deprived end | 0.090 | Deaths per 100,000 residents |
| 6 | 31.25 | 24.58 | 1 | Early death | 27.90 | 23.8 | 31.1 | Overdose death rate | Uneven, worse at the deprived end | 0.090 | Deaths per 100,000 residents |
| 7 | 35.13 | 27.89 | 1 | Early death | 31.39 | 23.8 | 31.1 | Overdose death rate | Uneven, worse at the deprived end | 0.090 | Deaths per 100,000 residents |
| 8 | 33.13 | 21.71 | 1 | Early death | 27.17 | 23.8 | 31.1 | Overdose death rate | Uneven, worse at the deprived end | 0.090 | Deaths per 100,000 residents |
| 9 | 30.12 | 23.86 | 1 | Early death | 26.83 | 23.8 | 31.1 | Overdose death rate | Uneven, worse at the deprived end | 0.090 | Deaths per 100,000 residents |
| 10 | 36.49 | 25.66 | 1 | Early death | 31.09 | 23.8 | 31.1 | Overdose death rate | Uneven, worse at the deprived end | 0.090 | Deaths per 100,000 residents |
| 1 | 13.16 | 11.31 | 1 | Early death | 12.18 | 12.2 | 17.4 | Suicide death rate | Uneven, worse at the deprived end | 0.810 | Deaths per 100,000 residents |
| 2 | 15.20 | 13.23 | 1 | Early death | 14.15 | 12.2 | 17.4 | Suicide death rate | Uneven, worse at the deprived end | 0.810 | Deaths per 100,000 residents |
| 3 | 17.11 | 14.83 | 1 | Early death | 15.83 | 12.2 | 17.4 | Suicide death rate | Uneven, worse at the deprived end | 0.810 | Deaths per 100,000 residents |
| 4 | 17.04 | 15.09 | 1 | Early death | 16.03 | 12.2 | 17.4 | Suicide death rate | Uneven, worse at the deprived end | 0.810 | Deaths per 100,000 residents |
| 5 | 17.94 | 16.04 | 1 | Early death | 16.91 | 12.2 | 17.4 | Suicide death rate | Uneven, worse at the deprived end | 0.810 | Deaths per 100,000 residents |
| 6 | 18.76 | 16.57 | 1 | Early death | 17.63 | 12.2 | 17.4 | Suicide death rate | Uneven, worse at the deprived end | 0.810 | Deaths per 100,000 residents |
| 7 | 19.09 | 17.60 | 1 | Early death | 18.32 | 12.2 | 17.4 | Suicide death rate | Uneven, worse at the deprived end | 0.810 | Deaths per 100,000 residents |
| 8 | 18.94 | 14.20 | 1 | Early death | 16.62 | 12.2 | 17.4 | Suicide death rate | Uneven, worse at the deprived end | 0.810 | Deaths per 100,000 residents |
| 9 | 18.83 | 17.33 | 1 | Early death | 18.10 | 12.2 | 17.4 | Suicide death rate | Uneven, worse at the deprived end | 0.810 | Deaths per 100,000 residents |
| 10 | 19.41 | 15.71 | 1 | Early death | 17.37 | 12.2 | 17.4 | Suicide death rate | Uneven, worse at the deprived end | 0.810 | Deaths per 100,000 residents |
| 1 | 5.44 | 4.19 | 1 | Early death | 4.82 | 4.8 | 13.6 | Homicide death rate, counties | Uneven, worse at the deprived end | 0.470 | Deaths per 100,000 residents |
| 2 | 9.17 | 5.65 | 1 | Early death | 7.31 | 4.8 | 13.6 | Homicide death rate, counties | Uneven, worse at the deprived end | 0.470 | Deaths per 100,000 residents |
| 3 | 9.02 | 6.40 | 1 | Early death | 7.86 | 4.8 | 13.6 | Homicide death rate, counties | Uneven, worse at the deprived end | 0.470 | Deaths per 100,000 residents |
| 4 | 14.24 | 8.53 | 1 | Early death | 11.44 | 4.8 | 13.6 | Homicide death rate, counties | Uneven, worse at the deprived end | 0.470 | Deaths per 100,000 residents |
| 5 | 12.33 | 7.48 | 1 | Early death | 9.89 | 4.8 | 13.6 | Homicide death rate, counties | Uneven, worse at the deprived end | 0.470 | Deaths per 100,000 residents |
| 6 | 9.99 | 6.87 | 1 | Early death | 8.45 | 4.8 | 13.6 | Homicide death rate, counties | Uneven, worse at the deprived end | 0.470 | Deaths per 100,000 residents |
| 7 | 10.00 | 6.19 | 1 | Early death | 7.86 | 4.8 | 13.6 | Homicide death rate, counties | Uneven, worse at the deprived end | 0.470 | Deaths per 100,000 residents |
| 8 | 7.73 | 5.66 | 1 | Early death | 6.63 | 4.8 | 13.6 | Homicide death rate, counties | Uneven, worse at the deprived end | 0.470 | Deaths per 100,000 residents |
| 9 | 10.31 | 7.40 | 1 | Early death | 8.79 | 4.8 | 13.6 | Homicide death rate, counties | Uneven, worse at the deprived end | 0.470 | Deaths per 100,000 residents |
| 10 | 16.17 | 11.14 | 1 | Early death | 13.63 | 4.8 | 13.6 | Homicide death rate, counties | Uneven, worse at the deprived end | 0.470 | Deaths per 100,000 residents |
| 1 | 2.16 | 1.35 | 1 | Early death | 1.76 | 1.8 | 14.8 | Homicide death rate, tracts | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Homicide deaths per 100,000 residents a year |
| 2 | 3.18 | 2.07 | 1 | Early death | 2.62 | 1.8 | 14.8 | Homicide death rate, tracts | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Homicide deaths per 100,000 residents a year |
| 3 | 3.48 | 2.63 | 1 | Early death | 3.03 | 1.8 | 14.8 | Homicide death rate, tracts | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Homicide deaths per 100,000 residents a year |
| 4 | 4.18 | 3.29 | 1 | Early death | 3.70 | 1.8 | 14.8 | Homicide death rate, tracts | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Homicide deaths per 100,000 residents a year |
| 5 | 4.69 | 3.97 | 1 | Early death | 4.33 | 1.8 | 14.8 | Homicide death rate, tracts | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Homicide deaths per 100,000 residents a year |
| 6 | 5.63 | 4.68 | 1 | Early death | 5.16 | 1.8 | 14.8 | Homicide death rate, tracts | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Homicide deaths per 100,000 residents a year |
| 7 | 7.09 | 5.55 | 1 | Early death | 6.27 | 1.8 | 14.8 | Homicide death rate, tracts | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Homicide deaths per 100,000 residents a year |
| 8 | 8.32 | 6.48 | 1 | Early death | 7.34 | 1.8 | 14.8 | Homicide death rate, tracts | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Homicide deaths per 100,000 residents a year |
| 9 | 9.59 | 7.41 | 1 | Early death | 8.43 | 1.8 | 14.8 | Homicide death rate, tracts | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Homicide deaths per 100,000 residents a year |
| 10 | 16.85 | 12.76 | 1 | Early death | 14.81 | 1.8 | 14.8 | Homicide death rate, tracts | Steady, worse at the deprived end | 1 | Homicide deaths per 100,000 residents a year |
| 1 | 82.55 | 81.99 | 1 | Early death | 82.29 | 82.3 | 74.0 | Life expectancy at birth | Steady, worse at the deprived end | −1 | Life expectancy at birth (years) |
| 2 | 81.21 | 80.73 | 1 | Early death | 80.95 | 82.3 | 74.0 | Life expectancy at birth | Steady, worse at the deprived end | −1 | Life expectancy at birth (years) |
| 3 | 80.52 | 80.07 | 1 | Early death | 80.30 | 82.3 | 74.0 | Life expectancy at birth | Steady, worse at the deprived end | −1 | Life expectancy at birth (years) |
| 4 | 79.91 | 79.58 | 1 | Early death | 79.74 | 82.3 | 74.0 | Life expectancy at birth | Steady, worse at the deprived end | −1 | Life expectancy at birth (years) |
| 5 | 79.27 | 78.97 | 1 | Early death | 79.12 | 82.3 | 74.0 | Life expectancy at birth | Steady, worse at the deprived end | −1 | Life expectancy at birth (years) |
| 6 | 78.54 | 78.25 | 1 | Early death | 78.39 | 82.3 | 74.0 | Life expectancy at birth | Steady, worse at the deprived end | −1 | Life expectancy at birth (years) |
| 7 | 77.82 | 77.56 | 1 | Early death | 77.69 | 82.3 | 74.0 | Life expectancy at birth | Steady, worse at the deprived end | −1 | Life expectancy at birth (years) |
| 8 | 77.03 | 76.75 | 1 | Early death | 76.88 | 82.3 | 74.0 | Life expectancy at birth | Steady, worse at the deprived end | −1 | Life expectancy at birth (years) |
| 9 | 76.03 | 75.72 | 1 | Early death | 75.87 | 82.3 | 74.0 | Life expectancy at birth | Steady, worse at the deprived end | −1 | Life expectancy at birth (years) |
| 10 | 74.32 | 73.72 | 1 | Early death | 74.01 | 82.3 | 74.0 | Life expectancy at birth | Steady, worse at the deprived end | −1 | Life expectancy at birth (years) |

Source: Figures of the chapters named in each row, data years 1978 to 2024 as each chapter states; estimates as published there: full counts, crude rates, population-weighted means, unweighted survey means or modeled estimates.

Data: https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/report/how-far-one-ranking-goes/figures/gradient_sparklines.json

## All estimates

Every fact in facts.json (30), sorted by id.

| Fact id | Value | Unit | Estimand | Population | Period | Interval | n | Weights | Source | Note |
| --- | ---: | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---: | --- | --- | --- |
| alt_changed_degree | 1 | chapters | counted main gradients that change under the bachelor's degree share | the main gradients of the chapters counted by the ranking switch rule | as in each chapter |   |   | none (count of chapters) | Area Deprivation Index |   |
| alt_changed_income | 2 | chapters | counted main gradients that change under the median household income | the main gradients of the chapters counted by the ranking switch rule | as in each chapter |   |   | none (count of chapters) | Area Deprivation Index |   |
| alt_changed_std | 1 | chapters | counted main gradients that change under the standardized index | the main gradients of the chapters counted by the ranking switch rule | as in each chapter |   |   | none (count of chapters) | Area Deprivation Index |   |
| alt_n_counted | 16 | chapters | chapters whose main gradient enters the count of the rule | the main gradients of the chapters counted by the ranking switch rule | as in each chapter |   |   | none (count of chapters) | Area Deprivation Index |   |
| alt_n_recomputed | 17 | chapters | chapters whose main gradient was recomputed under four rankings | the main gradients of the chapters counted by the ranking switch rule | as in each chapter |   |   | none (count of chapters) | Area Deprivation Index |   |
| alt_switch_changes | 4 | chapters | rule: changed main gradients under the standardized index that switch the ranking | the main gradients of the chapters counted by the ranking switch rule | as in each chapter |   |   | none (count of chapters) | Area Deprivation Index |   |
| alt_switch_reversals | 2 | chapters | rule: reversed main gradients under the standardized index that switch the ranking | the main gradients of the chapters counted by the ranking switch rule | as in each chapter |   |   | none (count of chapters) | Area Deprivation Index |   |
| checkup_least | 74.2 | percent of adults with a routine checkup in the past year | bin mean as published in Place and the length of a life | least deprived bin of tenth of tracts by Area Deprivation Index (1 = least deprived, 10 = most deprived) | as in Place and the length of a life | 95% CI 73.2 to 75.3 |   | as in Place and the length of a life | CDC PLACES | Copied from the figure rows of Place and the length of a life. |
| checkup_most | 77.8 | percent of adults with a routine checkup in the past year | bin mean as published in Place and the length of a life | most deprived bin of tenth of tracts by Area Deprivation Index (1 = least deprived, 10 = most deprived) | as in Place and the length of a life | 95% CI 77.3 to 78.2 |   | as in Place and the length of a life | CDC PLACES | Copied from the figure rows of Place and the length of a life. |
| hom_cty_rho | +0.47 | rank correlation between bin order and bin mean | Spearman correlation over the published bins | homicide death rate, counties, bins of tenth of counties by Area Deprivation Index (1 = least deprived, 10 = most deprived) | as in Overdose, alcohol and suicide |   |   | none (bins counted once) | CDC injury and violence mapping |   |
| hom_tract_rho | +1.00 | rank correlation between bin order and bin mean | Spearman correlation over the published bins | homicide death rate, tracts, bins of tenth of tracts by Area Deprivation Index (1 = least deprived, 10 = most deprived) | as in Violence and the life-expectancy gap |   |   | none (bins counted once) | CDC injury and violence mapping |   |
| n_better | 5 | outcome gradients | count of rows of the pattern table that meet the stated rule | outcome gradients that the chapters of this book publish by bins of a ranking of places | as in each chapter |   |   | none (count of rows) | Area Deprivation Index |   |
| n_chapters | 18 | chapters | count of rows of the pattern table that meet the stated rule | outcome gradients that the chapters of this book publish by bins of a ranking of places | as in each chapter |   |   | none (count of rows) | Area Deprivation Index |   |
| n_far_least | 8 | outcome gradients | count of ratio-scale rows of the pattern table meeting the stated rule (log distance of each end from the middle of the ranking) | outcome gradients that the chapters of this book publish by bins of a ranking of places | as in each chapter |   |   | none (count of rows) | Area Deprivation Index |   |
| n_far_most | 17 | outcome gradients | count of ratio-scale rows of the pattern table meeting the stated rule (log distance of each end from the middle of the ranking) | outcome gradients that the chapters of this book publish by bins of a ranking of places | as in each chapter |   |   | none (count of rows) | Area Deprivation Index |   |
| n_flat | 2 | outcome gradients | count of rows of the pattern table that meet the stated rule | outcome gradients that the chapters of this book publish by bins of a ranking of places | as in each chapter |   |   | none (count of rows) | Area Deprivation Index |   |
| n_no_reading | 4 | outcome gradients | count of rows of the pattern table that meet the stated rule | outcome gradients that the chapters of this book publish by bins of a ranking of places | as in each chapter |   |   | none (count of rows) | Area Deprivation Index |   |
| n_ratio_rows | 25 | outcome gradients | count of ratio-scale rows of the pattern table meeting the stated rule (log distance of each end from the middle of the ranking) | outcome gradients that the chapters of this book publish by bins of a ranking of places | as in each chapter |   |   | none (count of rows) | Area Deprivation Index |   |
| n_rows | 30 | outcome gradients | count of rows of the pattern table that meet the stated rule | outcome gradients that the chapters of this book publish by bins of a ranking of places | as in each chapter |   |   | none (count of rows) | Area Deprivation Index |   |
| n_steady_worse | 17 | outcome gradients | count of rows of the pattern table that meet the stated rule | outcome gradients that the chapters of this book publish by bins of a ranking of places | as in each chapter |   |   | none (count of rows) | Area Deprivation Index |   |
| n_uneven | 4 | outcome gradients | count of rows of the pattern table that meet the stated rule | outcome gradients that the chapters of this book publish by bins of a ranking of places | as in each chapter |   |   | none (count of rows) | Area Deprivation Index |   |
| n_uneven_worse | 3 | outcome gradients | count of rows of the pattern table that meet the stated rule | outcome gradients that the chapters of this book publish by bins of a ranking of places | as in each chapter |   |   | none (count of rows) | Area Deprivation Index |   |
| n_worse | 20 | outcome gradients | count of rows of the pattern table that meet the stated rule | outcome gradients that the chapters of this book publish by bins of a ranking of places | as in each chapter |   |   | none (count of rows) | Area Deprivation Index |   |
| od_least | 23.8 | overdose deaths per 100,000 residents | bin mean as published in Overdose, alcohol and suicide | least deprived bin of tenth of counties by Area Deprivation Index (1 = least deprived, 10 = most deprived) | as in Overdose, alcohol and suicide | 95% CI 22.2 to 25.6 |   | as in Overdose, alcohol and suicide | CDC injury and violence mapping | Copied from the figure rows of Overdose, alcohol and suicide. |
| od_most | 31.1 | overdose deaths per 100,000 residents | bin mean as published in Overdose, alcohol and suicide | most deprived bin of tenth of counties by Area Deprivation Index (1 = least deprived, 10 = most deprived) | as in Overdose, alcohol and suicide | 95% CI 25.7 to 36.5 |   | as in Overdose, alcohol and suicide | CDC injury and violence mapping | Copied from the figure rows of Overdose, alcohol and suicide. |
| od_rho | +0.09 | rank correlation between bin order and bin mean | Spearman correlation over the published bins | overdose death rate, bins of tenth of counties by Area Deprivation Index (1 = least deprived, 10 = most deprived) | as in Overdose, alcohol and suicide |   |   | none (bins counted once) | CDC injury and violence mapping |   |
| rho_cut | 0.9 | absolute rank correlation between bin order and bin mean | definition: threshold for a steady gradient | the rule of this chapter | not applicable (definition) |   |   | none (definition) | Area Deprivation Index |   |
| split_black_cut | 25% | percent of county residents who are Black alone | definition: the share of residents at or above which a county counts as having a large Black population (docs/RANKINGS_AND_SPLITS_DESIGN.md) | counties of the 50 states and DC | ACS 2019-2023 |   |   | none (definition) | American Community Survey |   |
| traffic_least | 74.7 | mean national percentile of tract traffic proximity | bin mean as published in Air pollution | least deprived bin of decile of the Area Deprivation Index national rank (1 = least deprived, 10 = most deprived) | as in Air pollution | 95% CI 68.0 to 79.2 |   | as in Air pollution | EPA EJScreen | Copied from the figure rows of Air pollution. |
| traffic_most | 39.0 | mean national percentile of tract traffic proximity | bin mean as published in Air pollution | most deprived bin of decile of the Area Deprivation Index national rank (1 = least deprived, 10 = most deprived) | as in Air pollution | 95% CI 35.4 to 42.1 |   | as in Air pollution | EPA EJScreen | Copied from the figure rows of Air pollution. |

## Definitions

- Area Deprivation Index (ADI): A score that ranks neighborhoods by income, education, employment and housing conditions drawn from the American Community Survey. In this book a higher national percentile means a more deprived neighborhood.

## Methods

This chapter reads the binned gradients that other chapters publish and computes no new estimate from data. The rows come from different sources, places, periods and units, so the chapter counts patterns under a stated rule and does not compare their sizes.

### Which gradients are included

One row per outcome whose chapter publishes a mean and a 95% interval for each tenth, fifth or quarter of places ranked by the Area Deprivation Index, or, for the gender gaps in test scores, by district median household income. Outcomes that a chapter reports only as two ends, as a scatter without binned means or against another ranking were left out, among them upward mobility, test score levels and the jobs held by residents.

Each row keeps the bins, weights and interval method of its chapter. The table names the ranking and the unit of every row.

Explains Table 1.

### The classification rule

The ends differ when the 95% intervals of the least and the most deprived bins do not overlap. This is conservative: two estimates whose intervals touch can still differ.

A row whose ends differ is steady when the rank correlation between the order of the bins and the bin means is at least 0.9 in absolute value, and uneven otherwise. A row is worse or better at the deprived end when its chapter's outcome has a direction that is worse for residents (a higher death rate, a lower turnout); gender gaps in scores, the predicted teen birth share and emergency visits per Medicare beneficiary carry no such reading.

Explains Table 1 and Table 2.

### The two ends against the national value

For each row whose values have a natural zero, the chapter divides the mean of the least and of the most deprived bin by the national value that the row's own chapter publishes: the same estimator, weights, outcome and years applied to all the places of the comparison as one bin, a population-weighted mean, a pooled rate or a pooled ratio as the bins are. The places are those the chapter ranks, so a place without a rank or an estimate is in neither the bins nor the national value.

The end that lies farther from the national value is the one whose ratio is farther from one on a log scale, so that twice and half the national value count as the same distance. Because the national value weights places by their population, births or households, it sits nearer the larger, less deprived places when they hold more of the weight. The ratios carry no intervals. The gender gaps in scores, the two pollution percentiles and the ladder score have no natural zero and are left out.

Explains Table 3.

### The ranking switch rule

The rule was fixed on October 28, 2026, before any alternative gradient was computed. Each chapter that ranks places by the deprivation index recomputes its main gradient under the published index, a standardized index, median household income and the bachelor's degree share, over the places that have all four, with its own outcome, weights, bins and intervals. This chapter classifies those rows with the rule above.

An alternative changes a gradient when the worse end switches sides, when the ends differ under one ranking and not the other, or when the rank correlation crosses 0.9 and moves by a stated margin. The standardized index would replace the deprivation index as the book's primary ranking if it changed at least 4 of the 16 counted gradients or reversed at least 2. Income and degree share are checks and cannot switch the ranking. Renting is recomputed and left out of the count, because rent and income are inputs to both indices.

Explains Table 4.

### Shared inputs and comparability

Several rows are modeled estimates built partly from census measures that the deprivation index also uses (the PLACES health measures, the CDC injury panel), and the housing-cost rows divide rent or owner costs by income, two ingredients of the index. Agreement between such a row and the ranking is partly built in.

The rows describe tracts, counties, districts or interviews in different years, so no row is a sample from the same places as another, and a count of steady rows is a count of chapters' findings, not an estimate for one population.

## What these data cannot show

The rows come from different sources, places, periods and units. Births are ranked by county, life expectancy by tract, and the gender gaps by district, and the outcome periods differ from one row to the next and from the period of the index, 2019 to 2023. The count is not an estimate for one population and does not measure how strongly places shape any outcome. A steady row describes an ordering of places and not the experience of every resident, and the classification says nothing about why an outcome follows the ranking or departs from it.

## References

The chapter cites no reference.

## Provenance

- Pipeline version: 0.1.0
- Build script: book2/chapters/how-far-one-ranking-goes/build.py (sha256 fe832d8cc9cd0650417e733e53391cd8081f26368ea3152b4962a900f3511719)
- Built on: 2026-10-28
- Site commit: c2b1ff3309cb4a10833f884da91ac0057a66ad0a

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| C:/github/zipcode-book/content/chapters/disability-retirement-and-medicare/data/facts.json | 104,878 | 9ff34bbcae9bdf00191de17cf396fec86f8485d0c6e8ca7921d5ae0c4b04fbf6 | 9ff34bbcae9bdf00191de17cf396fec86f8485d0c6e8ca7921d5ae0c4b04fbf6 |
| C:/github/zipcode-book/content/chapters/disability-retirement-and-medicare/data/figures/alt_rankings.json | 9,603 | 2f174623d60889d3db6dc07afecd828379c703363700dd058f5e9f54c0852012 | 2f174623d60889d3db6dc07afecd828379c703363700dd058f5e9f54c0852012 |
| C:/github/zipcode-book/content/chapters/disability-retirement-and-medicare/data/figures/disability_gradient.json | 13,775 | 3275b35c2b470ec413dc94c8610de3a0433d0c045c74557c1d39e7cfbc820406 | 3275b35c2b470ec413dc94c8610de3a0433d0c045c74557c1d39e7cfbc820406 |
| C:/github/zipcode-book/content/chapters/disability-retirement-and-medicare/data/figures/medicare_spending.json | 25,405 | 2b213e89a79fdd6668c7cd45010381cad8f5536df3e7a1175ffbff6437cf9597 | 2b213e89a79fdd6668c7cd45010381cad8f5536df3e7a1175ffbff6437cf9597 |
| C:/github/zipcode-book/content/chapters/gender-gaps-in-reading-and-math/data/figures/gap_by_income_decile.json | 7,769 | a03a2c5902a4a1d61ad9cede1dec83114f09eeed7325a98fa43fdd93d3af6087 | a03a2c5902a4a1d61ad9cede1dec83114f09eeed7325a98fa43fdd93d3af6087 |
| C:/github/zipcode-book/content/chapters/gun-homicide-and-causes-of-early-death/data/facts.json | 70,205 | 3e69869e30dd34d1912643bf04bf67c57c394e53032fca8b0d878efe9f9a2242 | 3e69869e30dd34d1912643bf04bf67c57c394e53032fca8b0d878efe9f9a2242 |
| C:/github/zipcode-book/content/chapters/gun-homicide-and-causes-of-early-death/data/figures/alt_rankings.json | 9,622 | caae3d0ba756606aa3c3be21d3cb4a42d1b4f1c5a131b8213e6ceb0d65616748 | caae3d0ba756606aa3c3be21d3cb4a42d1b4f1c5a131b8213e6ceb0d65616748 |
| C:/github/zipcode-book/content/chapters/gun-homicide-and-causes-of-early-death/data/figures/premature_death_gradient.json | 4,093 | 9f6caebfdf9bf42e3502ddab55fa820d9a160aa265130d037db8ac7f0cdd33f3 | 9f6caebfdf9bf42e3502ddab55fa820d9a160aa265130d037db8ac7f0cdd33f3 |
| C:/github/zipcode-book/content/chapters/health-behaviors-and-the-supply-of-care/data/facts.json | 74,804 | cb3c3e891db62b647d899ac6fb4e094e6cfb9eba07c7713713a4648aa23d0e0f | cb3c3e891db62b647d899ac6fb4e094e6cfb9eba07c7713713a4648aa23d0e0f |
| C:/github/zipcode-book/content/chapters/health-behaviors-and-the-supply-of-care/data/figures/alt_rankings.json | 9,667 | 0e6a524e2d02f3d85fc9200381f43c0c1d9992221f13382a6b8759f7451f7cba | 0e6a524e2d02f3d85fc9200381f43c0c1d9992221f13382a6b8759f7451f7cba |
| C:/github/zipcode-book/content/chapters/health-behaviors-and-the-supply-of-care/data/figures/people_per_provider.json | 11,766 | afc13ef7ae3be5189fe198b6a6f18723b761935c3e00a6a816c76d7fbc30dbb5 | afc13ef7ae3be5189fe198b6a6f18723b761935c3e00a6a816c76d7fbc30dbb5 |
| C:/github/zipcode-book/content/chapters/infant-mortality/data/facts.json | 53,465 | 692b8c0a99be5f6003eee48dd12459e7f65edc244298bf9b5c1f6044d810cfc6 | 692b8c0a99be5f6003eee48dd12459e7f65edc244298bf9b5c1f6044d810cfc6 |
| C:/github/zipcode-book/content/chapters/infant-mortality/data/figures/alt_rankings.json | 9,554 | f65e1e27fd5688264db1374dadbdc45f9ec310c1c979dcb715318361b537b178 | f65e1e27fd5688264db1374dadbdc45f9ec310c1c979dcb715318361b537b178 |
| C:/github/zipcode-book/content/chapters/infant-mortality/data/figures/imr_by_deprivation.json | 63,114 | ebe5d39824c8881f3b66cf5662e8da7229643c1894815e73029362570c2ff062 | ebe5d39824c8881f3b66cf5662e8da7229643c1894815e73029362570c2ff062 |
| C:/github/zipcode-book/content/chapters/life-evaluation-and-daily-feelings/data/figures/alt_rankings.json | 9,668 | 3eac056a094f131714b25d7ccf86a56f742087fb29f3672721187b0e41f7d2a0 | 3eac056a094f131714b25d7ccf86a56f742087fb29f3672721187b0e41f7d2a0 |
| C:/github/zipcode-book/content/chapters/life-evaluation-and-daily-feelings/data/figures/ladder_by_deprivation.json | 22,947 | b563618cd2af45b968f7d7d33c2b7b1c36d5f02d2f51832cd765483997aff533 | b563618cd2af45b968f7d7d33c2b7b1c36d5f02d2f51832cd765483997aff533 |
| C:/github/zipcode-book/content/chapters/mortgage-denials/data/facts.json | 83,097 | 753a34074702cd60ad13949eee9ff31cd4f2a6b4b4433b30561ff0352bff0f01 | 753a34074702cd60ad13949eee9ff31cd4f2a6b4b4433b30561ff0352bff0f01 |
| C:/github/zipcode-book/content/chapters/mortgage-denials/data/figures/alt_rankings.json | 9,641 | 773da62209fd79716ba73b2fab4d60c0e69d89cc89b3e144c91194c4f7af73ec | 773da62209fd79716ba73b2fab4d60c0e69d89cc89b3e144c91194c4f7af73ec |
| C:/github/zipcode-book/content/chapters/mortgage-denials/data/figures/denial_vs_deprivation.json | 4,203 | 1bea4e523acf3849a3eb019195ce80b6b66a41af203a003863112da81f25fec0 | 1bea4e523acf3849a3eb019195ce80b6b66a41af203a003863112da81f25fec0 |
| C:/github/zipcode-book/content/chapters/multiple-chronic-conditions/data/facts.json | 81,354 | 4e51b97b62ba016b5bafc582e374b83382ed094ee0257de05d7d6736e14c222f | 4e51b97b62ba016b5bafc582e374b83382ed094ee0257de05d7d6736e14c222f |
| C:/github/zipcode-book/content/chapters/multiple-chronic-conditions/data/figures/alt_rankings.json | 9,650 | 5c95d266eb3e2f097c8cf6025e189e39af38e1c1609ca88792c64fe2e055896f | 5c95d266eb3e2f097c8cf6025e189e39af38e1c1609ca88792c64fe2e055896f |
| C:/github/zipcode-book/content/chapters/multiple-chronic-conditions/data/figures/high_count_by_adi.json | 6,432 | fa06d9dd565c8bd59515de2b4ecca0fdc50503679b1b5e1f6f7fc8aeb2686ac8 | fa06d9dd565c8bd59515de2b4ecca0fdc50503679b1b5e1f6f7fc8aeb2686ac8 |
| C:/github/zipcode-book/content/chapters/overdose-alcohol-and-suicide/data/facts.json | 81,979 | 63d63863e78931b4e81f3b1a9139d7c8f996c5de86982d97219967944bc2f0e4 | 63d63863e78931b4e81f3b1a9139d7c8f996c5de86982d97219967944bc2f0e4 |
| C:/github/zipcode-book/content/chapters/overdose-alcohol-and-suicide/data/figures/alt_rankings.json | 9,707 | d65045934802ba7de6c7fac3a6b91557460db6f900774a99b519294cb9fe8c5f | d65045934802ba7de6c7fac3a6b91557460db6f900774a99b519294cb9fe8c5f |
| C:/github/zipcode-book/content/chapters/overdose-alcohol-and-suicide/data/figures/three_causes_by_decile.json | 17,224 | 92ef9f8f26ff64531896da0f23322aae3d67e8acc808bdc546fa5587efa9bbd9 | 92ef9f8f26ff64531896da0f23322aae3d67e8acc808bdc546fa5587efa9bbd9 |
| C:/github/zipcode-book/content/chapters/place-and-the-length-of-a-life/data/facts.json | 71,140 | 9eed1ad6694ae817ab5800fd787f79ec8a01a706b2d211bccb978f17d11e6e6d | 9eed1ad6694ae817ab5800fd787f79ec8a01a706b2d211bccb978f17d11e6e6d |
| C:/github/zipcode-book/content/chapters/place-and-the-length-of-a-life/data/figures/alt_rankings.json | 9,596 | 09e34b229fe46e41cd294da684e89b20b3cfa35d04a5f3688c6995e96678516e | 09e34b229fe46e41cd294da684e89b20b3cfa35d04a5f3688c6995e96678516e |
| C:/github/zipcode-book/content/chapters/place-and-the-length-of-a-life/data/figures/le_gradient.json | 32,837 | fec8e001d57c3dc7cdce2699846d13a9b38ae12d162c014ea0adf565f67f48ee | fec8e001d57c3dc7cdce2699846d13a9b38ae12d162c014ea0adf565f67f48ee |
| C:/github/zipcode-book/content/chapters/renting-affordability-and-eviction/data/facts.json | 101,510 | e406f8a10f637011935e5a498813d757cff8c7fa2eb2a6eec5f4d034d769f947 | e406f8a10f637011935e5a498813d757cff8c7fa2eb2a6eec5f4d034d769f947 |
| C:/github/zipcode-book/content/chapters/renting-affordability-and-eviction/data/figures/alt_rankings.json | 10,143 | ad5422a3e2801029f9a69d147554ac6c36d9a6fa9064f8ac23a0418bf8a2dcd4 | ad5422a3e2801029f9a69d147554ac6c36d9a6fa9064f8ac23a0418bf8a2dcd4 |
| C:/github/zipcode-book/content/chapters/renting-affordability-and-eviction/data/figures/burden_by_deprivation.json | 22,558 | a0f766e578479473605b0a240a240514814de8fe7aab2168bc7207dd044e2eee | a0f766e578479473605b0a240a240514814de8fe7aab2168bc7207dd044e2eee |
| C:/github/zipcode-book/content/chapters/school-discipline-and-incarceration/data/facts.json | 60,956 | 88a92432b6bedeb487d217f56ccb7d2d909106e9fd65f23139263eec30bcf089 | 88a92432b6bedeb487d217f56ccb7d2d909106e9fd65f23139263eec30bcf089 |
| C:/github/zipcode-book/content/chapters/school-discipline-and-incarceration/data/figures/alt_rankings.json | 9,779 | aadc8b9fe818480dbeadcf72b8d936746dcbf813936dd21af727ebb3dde2fb1f | aadc8b9fe818480dbeadcf72b8d936746dcbf813936dd21af727ebb3dde2fb1f |
| C:/github/zipcode-book/content/chapters/school-discipline-and-incarceration/data/figures/incarceration_gradient.json | 29,100 | 0d8a4e6e4eb5ac7f097793036c26d3d7c89093f9a6905319b871d1af4212228d | 0d8a4e6e4eb5ac7f097793036c26d3d7c89093f9a6905319b871d1af4212228d |
| C:/github/zipcode-book/content/chapters/teen-births/data/facts.json | 92,192 | 58432d8c5da5f66f3d277a165542e5ff751f6f1d34af62ba767f6d81a2d88c12 | 58432d8c5da5f66f3d277a165542e5ff751f6f1d34af62ba767f6d81a2d88c12 |
| C:/github/zipcode-book/content/chapters/teen-births/data/figures/alt_rankings.json | 9,737 | 0a0cf476dc955f9ffece13e9d3fd238082a9c44fd2ec2d441ba0800c394cd651 | 0a0cf476dc955f9ffece13e9d3fd238082a9c44fd2ec2d441ba0800c394cd651 |
| C:/github/zipcode-book/content/chapters/teen-births/data/figures/teen_birth_by_deprivation_tracts.json | 4,830 | bc9c3f68f15ce4f0a78770d0e8cf7d9f94ca648adbe42d20fe9bb7fbae6cdd78 | bc9c3f68f15ce4f0a78770d0e8cf7d9f94ca648adbe42d20fe9bb7fbae6cdd78 |
| C:/github/zipcode-book/content/chapters/violence-and-the-life-expectancy-gap/data/facts.json | 79,485 | 4e4801a65b00f2df89da49274a1b39684d11d8a0ddd7a43db764c7e090b9ebde | 4e4801a65b00f2df89da49274a1b39684d11d8a0ddd7a43db764c7e090b9ebde |
| C:/github/zipcode-book/content/chapters/violence-and-the-life-expectancy-gap/data/figures/alt_rankings.json | 9,630 | 6bd94f9150a3728846137c9bfb01005366e66051f66f74f12d70780c2b6e1986 | 6bd94f9150a3728846137c9bfb01005366e66051f66f74f12d70780c2b6e1986 |
| C:/github/zipcode-book/content/chapters/violence-and-the-life-expectancy-gap/data/figures/homicide_by_tenth.json | 4,141 | 70f57e2d7ce7c5f1c7ec3c733a50b8e094d8a482f41e5bd3958c36d192f3ca47 | 70f57e2d7ce7c5f1c7ec3c733a50b8e094d8a482f41e5bd3958c36d192f3ca47 |
| C:/github/zipcode-book/public/data/place-and-the-length-of-a-life/splits.json | 274,392 | 63e1adbb1d7ae3354bb1e224c982a8c535e1e1137340d5ae18d3d5e613b3c353 | 63e1adbb1d7ae3354bb1e224c982a8c535e1e1137340d5ae18d3d5e613b3c353 |

Outputs:

| File | SHA-256 |
| --- | --- |
| facts.json | d9eee2e8e34b82b69d1588ea09d316fcfd6359a427dca3c2b8d6df2536c0a23f |
| figures/ends_splits.json | b8233611105529501f84abdf718d5e533b8b5e75b2c6d09bc334d4be65b740db |
| figures/ends_vs_us.json | bd0996f5b4db2ac8bf6454f650dda1df440fe65dc2455d87a8d83dca8b71ff7b |
| figures/gradient_sparklines.json | a6696520b765c3d6660e804121f80b8b61f89b8705aef819a18bad14985af308 |
| figures/gradients_by_domain.json | ca072bde78f63590464ff557f947ed7dc500899c5064249764dd1672f82a4e9e |
| figures/pattern_table.json | e46e415e8cf8aee1a8f11726c708aa4982b3ca52a737c556610c644c8d27f788 |
| figures/ranking_check.json | c8b77eeb16009d8a6dee80ee5df52ea301124c46b1652b500032cc618e402ac6 |
| meta.json | bf04cdaaccb5b3d7a557d12e9bbcf782e17b9b13699423e3533f839b18243c88 |
| refs.json | ca3d163bab055381827226140568f3bef7eaac187cebd76878e0b63e9e442356 |

## Machine formats

- Report (HTML): https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/how-far-one-ranking-goes/report
- Report (Markdown): https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/how-far-one-ranking-goes/report.md
- Every estimate (JSON): https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/report/how-far-one-ranking-goes/facts.json
- Table 1, figure "pattern_table" (JSON): https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/report/how-far-one-ranking-goes/figures/pattern_table.json
- Table 2, figure "gradients_by_domain" (JSON): https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/report/how-far-one-ranking-goes/figures/gradients_by_domain.json
- Table 3, figure "ends_vs_us" (JSON): https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/report/how-far-one-ranking-goes/figures/ends_vs_us.json
- Table 4, figure "ranking_check" (JSON): https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/report/how-far-one-ranking-goes/figures/ranking_check.json
- Table 5, figure "ends_splits" (JSON): https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/report/how-far-one-ranking-goes/figures/ends_splits.json
- Table 6, figure "gradient_sparklines" (JSON): https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/report/how-far-one-ranking-goes/figures/gradient_sparklines.json
- Index of every report: https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/llms.txt; all reports in one file: https://vishalsingh.org/zipcode/llms-full.txt