{
  "alt": "Three line charts of the share of voters with a four-year degree by presidential election. In the all-voters panel the CPS line is highest and the ANES line is close to it until 2020 and below it in 2024, while the CES line is below both until 2020. In the Democratic panel the ANES and CES lines rise together. In the Republican panel the ANES line ends below its 2008 level, the ANES web line is nearly level and the CES line rises after 2016. The buttons show the white and Black shares of voters in the three surveys.",
  "caption": "The Republican panel is where the surveys part: from 2008 to 2024 the ANES share changed by {fact:chk_r_anes_chg} points and the CES share by {fact:chk_r_ces_chg} points. The dashed lines split the ANES by interview mode: the 2008 baseline is face to face only, and between 2012 and 2024 the web share changed by {fact:mode_rw_chg} points and the face-to-face share by {fact:mode_rf_chg} points. In 2024 the CPS gives {fact:chk_cps_24} of all voters with a degree, the ANES {fact:chk_anes_24} and the CES {fact:chk_ces_24}. The CPS counts all voters, including third-party voters, and the ANES and the CES count two-party voters.",
  "data": [
    {
      "conf_high": 29.8455,
      "conf_low": 28.9574,
      "estimate": 29.4015,
      "n": 50025,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "CPS voting supplement",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 1996
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 31.6196,
      "conf_low": 30.716,
      "estimate": 31.1678,
      "n": 50010,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "CPS voting supplement",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2000
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 32.8632,
      "conf_low": 32.017,
      "estimate": 32.4401,
      "n": 63052,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "CPS voting supplement",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2004
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 34.561,
      "conf_low": 33.6925,
      "estimate": 34.1268,
      "n": 59975,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "CPS voting supplement",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2008
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 37.0323,
      "conf_low": 36.1514,
      "estimate": 36.5919,
      "n": 59597,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "CPS voting supplement",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 40.0605,
      "conf_low": 39.1585,
      "estimate": 39.6095,
      "n": 58533,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "CPS voting supplement",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 41.9434,
      "conf_low": 41.0076,
      "estimate": 41.4755,
      "n": 55170,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "CPS voting supplement",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 45.3989,
      "conf_low": 44.3783,
      "estimate": 44.8886,
      "n": 48387,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "CPS voting supplement",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 31.7502,
      "conf_low": 25.5956,
      "estimate": 28.6729,
      "n": 1032,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "ANES",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 1996
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 33.3833,
      "conf_low": 27.3792,
      "estimate": 30.3812,
      "n": 1118,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "ANES",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2000
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 34.7659,
      "conf_low": 27.7837,
      "estimate": 31.2748,
      "n": 811,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "ANES",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2004
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 36.293,
      "conf_low": 30.396,
      "estimate": 33.3445,
      "n": 1533,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "ANES",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2008
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 35.5587,
      "conf_low": 31.6676,
      "estimate": 33.6131,
      "n": 4144,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "ANES",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 39.9186,
      "conf_low": 35.3892,
      "estimate": 37.6539,
      "n": 2571,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "ANES",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 42.1823,
      "conf_low": 38.6732,
      "estimate": 40.4277,
      "n": 5987,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "ANES",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 42.128,
      "conf_low": 37.7033,
      "estimate": 39.9157,
      "n": 3903,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "ANES",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 36.213,
      "conf_low": 30.3272,
      "estimate": 33.2701,
      "n": 1533,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "ANES, face to face",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2008
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 39.4541,
      "conf_low": 32.2898,
      "estimate": 35.872,
      "n": 1327,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "ANES, face to face",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 44.2892,
      "conf_low": 35.4818,
      "estimate": 39.8855,
      "n": 745,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "ANES, face to face",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": null,
      "conf_low": null,
      "estimate": null,
      "n": null,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "ANES, face to face",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 46.2171,
      "conf_low": 35.9561,
      "estimate": 41.0866,
      "n": 688,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "ANES, face to face",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 34.7156,
      "conf_low": 30.1228,
      "estimate": 32.4192,
      "n": 2817,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "ANES, web",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 39.7627,
      "conf_low": 34.5248,
      "estimate": 37.1438,
      "n": 1846,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "ANES, web",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": null,
      "conf_low": null,
      "estimate": null,
      "n": null,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "ANES, web",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 46.0259,
      "conf_low": 38.9812,
      "estimate": 42.5035,
      "n": 1357,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "ANES, web",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 30.5267,
      "conf_low": 29.1115,
      "estimate": 29.8191,
      "n": 23585,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "CES",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2008
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 31.3931,
      "conf_low": 29.9946,
      "estimate": 30.6938,
      "n": 37789,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "CES",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 31.539,
      "conf_low": 30.3263,
      "estimate": 30.9327,
      "n": 40891,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "CES",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 39.4513,
      "conf_low": 38.2459,
      "estimate": 38.8486,
      "n": 43872,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "CES",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 42.5499,
      "conf_low": 41.0595,
      "estimate": 41.8047,
      "n": 42008,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "CES",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 28.0643,
      "conf_low": 20.4006,
      "estimate": 24.2324,
      "n": 599,
      "panel": "Democratic voters",
      "source": "ANES",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 1996
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 33.4458,
      "conf_low": 25.1853,
      "estimate": 29.3155,
      "n": 590,
      "panel": "Democratic voters",
      "source": "ANES",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2000
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 36.9058,
      "conf_low": 26.8346,
      "estimate": 31.8702,
      "n": 399,
      "panel": "Democratic voters",
      "source": "ANES",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2004
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 34.5359,
      "conf_low": 27.2115,
      "estimate": 30.8737,
      "n": 1020,
      "panel": "Democratic voters",
      "source": "ANES",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2008
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 35.8919,
      "conf_low": 30.695,
      "estimate": 33.2935,
      "n": 2469,
      "panel": "Democratic voters",
      "source": "ANES",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 46.2628,
      "conf_low": 39.7689,
      "estimate": 43.0159,
      "n": 1341,
      "panel": "Democratic voters",
      "source": "ANES",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 49.4898,
      "conf_low": 44.6834,
      "estimate": 47.0866,
      "n": 3461,
      "panel": "Democratic voters",
      "source": "ANES",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 53.0417,
      "conf_low": 46.972,
      "estimate": 50.0068,
      "n": 2178,
      "panel": "Democratic voters",
      "source": "ANES",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 34.4982,
      "conf_low": 27.1822,
      "estimate": 30.8402,
      "n": 1020,
      "panel": "Democratic voters",
      "source": "ANES, face to face",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2008
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 38.5661,
      "conf_low": 29.5699,
      "estimate": 34.068,
      "n": 915,
      "panel": "Democratic voters",
      "source": "ANES, face to face",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 53.3928,
      "conf_low": 40.8926,
      "estimate": 47.1427,
      "n": 385,
      "panel": "Democratic voters",
      "source": "ANES, face to face",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": null,
      "conf_low": null,
      "estimate": null,
      "n": null,
      "panel": "Democratic voters",
      "source": "ANES, face to face",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 61.659,
      "conf_low": 47.8019,
      "estimate": 54.7305,
      "n": 387,
      "panel": "Democratic voters",
      "source": "ANES, face to face",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 36.0754,
      "conf_low": 29.7066,
      "estimate": 32.891,
      "n": 1554,
      "panel": "Democratic voters",
      "source": "ANES, web",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 45.4469,
      "conf_low": 37.9531,
      "estimate": 41.7,
      "n": 970,
      "panel": "Democratic voters",
      "source": "ANES, web",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": null,
      "conf_low": null,
      "estimate": null,
      "n": null,
      "panel": "Democratic voters",
      "source": "ANES, web",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 55.8234,
      "conf_low": 46.2427,
      "estimate": 51.033,
      "n": 786,
      "panel": "Democratic voters",
      "source": "ANES, web",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 32.2935,
      "conf_low": 30.201,
      "estimate": 31.2472,
      "n": 11519,
      "panel": "Democratic voters",
      "source": "CES",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2008
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 33.9686,
      "conf_low": 31.9229,
      "estimate": 32.9458,
      "n": 19048,
      "panel": "Democratic voters",
      "source": "CES",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 36.9583,
      "conf_low": 35.201,
      "estimate": 36.0797,
      "n": 22136,
      "panel": "Democratic voters",
      "source": "CES",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 46.6001,
      "conf_low": 44.9121,
      "estimate": 45.7561,
      "n": 26179,
      "panel": "Democratic voters",
      "source": "CES",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 48.9614,
      "conf_low": 46.8868,
      "estimate": 47.9241,
      "n": 23517,
      "panel": "Democratic voters",
      "source": "CES",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 39.9545,
      "conf_low": 29.9413,
      "estimate": 34.9479,
      "n": 433,
      "panel": "Republican voters",
      "source": "ANES",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 1996
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 35.9243,
      "conf_low": 27.1805,
      "estimate": 31.5524,
      "n": 528,
      "panel": "Republican voters",
      "source": "ANES",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2000
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 35.5299,
      "conf_low": 25.8379,
      "estimate": 30.6839,
      "n": 412,
      "panel": "Republican voters",
      "source": "ANES",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2004
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 41.1477,
      "conf_low": 31.5565,
      "estimate": 36.3521,
      "n": 513,
      "panel": "Republican voters",
      "source": "ANES",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2008
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 36.9108,
      "conf_low": 31.0524,
      "estimate": 33.9816,
      "n": 1675,
      "panel": "Republican voters",
      "source": "ANES",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 34.7723,
      "conf_low": 28.5785,
      "estimate": 31.6754,
      "n": 1230,
      "panel": "Republican voters",
      "source": "ANES",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 34.4857,
      "conf_low": 29.5048,
      "estimate": 31.9953,
      "n": 2526,
      "panel": "Republican voters",
      "source": "ANES",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 30.8806,
      "conf_low": 24.8154,
      "estimate": 27.848,
      "n": 1725,
      "panel": "Republican voters",
      "source": "ANES",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 40.9977,
      "conf_low": 31.4362,
      "estimate": 36.217,
      "n": 513,
      "panel": "Republican voters",
      "source": "ANES, face to face",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2008
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 43.6072,
      "conf_low": 32.197,
      "estimate": 37.9021,
      "n": 412,
      "panel": "Republican voters",
      "source": "ANES, face to face",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 37.8461,
      "conf_low": 25.7837,
      "estimate": 31.8149,
      "n": 360,
      "panel": "Republican voters",
      "source": "ANES, face to face",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": null,
      "conf_low": null,
      "estimate": null,
      "n": null,
      "panel": "Republican voters",
      "source": "ANES, face to face",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 31.8816,
      "conf_low": 18.2226,
      "estimate": 25.0521,
      "n": 301,
      "panel": "Republican voters",
      "source": "ANES, face to face",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 35.1807,
      "conf_low": 28.5561,
      "estimate": 31.8684,
      "n": 1263,
      "panel": "Republican voters",
      "source": "ANES, web",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 35.5885,
      "conf_low": 28.3847,
      "estimate": 31.9866,
      "n": 876,
      "panel": "Republican voters",
      "source": "ANES, web",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": null,
      "conf_low": null,
      "estimate": null,
      "n": null,
      "panel": "Republican voters",
      "source": "ANES, web",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 35.7143,
      "conf_low": 25.8918,
      "estimate": 30.8031,
      "n": 571,
      "panel": "Republican voters",
      "source": "ANES, web",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 29.082,
      "conf_low": 27.2182,
      "estimate": 28.1501,
      "n": 12066,
      "panel": "Republican voters",
      "source": "CES",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2008
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 29.0887,
      "conf_low": 27.2061,
      "estimate": 28.1474,
      "n": 18741,
      "panel": "Republican voters",
      "source": "CES",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 26.3981,
      "conf_low": 24.7559,
      "estimate": 25.577,
      "n": 18755,
      "panel": "Republican voters",
      "source": "CES",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 32.0444,
      "conf_low": 30.3683,
      "estimate": 31.2063,
      "n": 17693,
      "panel": "Republican voters",
      "source": "CES",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 36.9856,
      "conf_low": 34.8841,
      "estimate": 35.9348,
      "n": 18491,
      "panel": "Republican voters",
      "source": "CES",
      "topic": "Four-year degree",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 82.8373,
      "conf_low": 82.096,
      "estimate": 82.4667,
      "n": 50025,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "CPS voting supplement",
      "topic": "White non-Hispanic voters",
      "year": 1996
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 80.9655,
      "conf_low": 80.1938,
      "estimate": 80.5796,
      "n": 50010,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "CPS voting supplement",
      "topic": "White non-Hispanic voters",
      "year": 2000
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 79.554,
      "conf_low": 78.8203,
      "estimate": 79.1872,
      "n": 63052,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "CPS voting supplement",
      "topic": "White non-Hispanic voters",
      "year": 2004
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 76.6737,
      "conf_low": 75.8946,
      "estimate": 76.2841,
      "n": 59975,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "CPS voting supplement",
      "topic": "White non-Hispanic voters",
      "year": 2008
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 74.1464,
      "conf_low": 73.3417,
      "estimate": 73.7441,
      "n": 59597,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "CPS voting supplement",
      "topic": "White non-Hispanic voters",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 73.7331,
      "conf_low": 72.9175,
      "estimate": 73.3253,
      "n": 58533,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "CPS voting supplement",
      "topic": "White non-Hispanic voters",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 71.4592,
      "conf_low": 70.5975,
      "estimate": 71.0284,
      "n": 55170,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "CPS voting supplement",
      "topic": "White non-Hispanic voters",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 71.0531,
      "conf_low": 70.1181,
      "estimate": 70.5856,
      "n": 48387,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "CPS voting supplement",
      "topic": "White non-Hispanic voters",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 81.6463,
      "conf_low": 76.087,
      "estimate": 78.8667,
      "n": 1031,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "ANES",
      "topic": "White non-Hispanic voters",
      "year": 1996
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 80.5612,
      "conf_low": 75.1239,
      "estimate": 77.8425,
      "n": 1113,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "ANES",
      "topic": "White non-Hispanic voters",
      "year": 2000
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 78.1495,
      "conf_low": 71.5688,
      "estimate": 74.8592,
      "n": 800,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "ANES",
      "topic": "White non-Hispanic voters",
      "year": 2004
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 76.8586,
      "conf_low": 71.3706,
      "estimate": 74.1146,
      "n": 1530,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "ANES",
      "topic": "White non-Hispanic voters",
      "year": 2008
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 74.5435,
      "conf_low": 70.8931,
      "estimate": 72.7183,
      "n": 4181,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "ANES",
      "topic": "White non-Hispanic voters",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 74.7276,
      "conf_low": 70.5631,
      "estimate": 72.6454,
      "n": 2575,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "ANES",
      "topic": "White non-Hispanic voters",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 72.0304,
      "conf_low": 68.772,
      "estimate": 70.4012,
      "n": 6030,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "ANES",
      "topic": "White non-Hispanic voters",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 69.4711,
      "conf_low": 65.2341,
      "estimate": 67.3526,
      "n": 3897,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "ANES",
      "topic": "White non-Hispanic voters",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 77.1566,
      "conf_low": 75.8449,
      "estimate": 76.5008,
      "n": 23585,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "CES",
      "topic": "White non-Hispanic voters",
      "year": 2008
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 79.2553,
      "conf_low": 78.0124,
      "estimate": 78.6339,
      "n": 37789,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "CES",
      "topic": "White non-Hispanic voters",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 77.2705,
      "conf_low": 76.1616,
      "estimate": 76.7161,
      "n": 40891,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "CES",
      "topic": "White non-Hispanic voters",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 73.6553,
      "conf_low": 72.5587,
      "estimate": 73.107,
      "n": 43872,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "CES",
      "topic": "White non-Hispanic voters",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 72.9746,
      "conf_low": 71.6223,
      "estimate": 72.2985,
      "n": 42008,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "CES",
      "topic": "White non-Hispanic voters",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 10.9238,
      "conf_low": 10.3231,
      "estimate": 10.6234,
      "n": 50025,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "CPS voting supplement",
      "topic": "Black voters",
      "year": 1996
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 11.506,
      "conf_low": 10.8908,
      "estimate": 11.1984,
      "n": 50010,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "CPS voting supplement",
      "topic": "Black voters",
      "year": 2000
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 11.2569,
      "conf_low": 10.6919,
      "estimate": 10.9744,
      "n": 63052,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "CPS voting supplement",
      "topic": "Black voters",
      "year": 2004
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 12.3897,
      "conf_low": 11.7925,
      "estimate": 12.0911,
      "n": 59975,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "CPS voting supplement",
      "topic": "Black voters",
      "year": 2008
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 13.216,
      "conf_low": 12.6028,
      "estimate": 12.9094,
      "n": 59597,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "CPS voting supplement",
      "topic": "Black voters",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 12.2212,
      "conf_low": 11.6236,
      "estimate": 11.9224,
      "n": 58533,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "CPS voting supplement",
      "topic": "Black voters",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 12.0032,
      "conf_low": 11.3927,
      "estimate": 11.6979,
      "n": 55170,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "CPS voting supplement",
      "topic": "Black voters",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 11.7984,
      "conf_low": 11.1445,
      "estimate": 11.4715,
      "n": 48387,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "CPS voting supplement",
      "topic": "Black voters",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 11.963,
      "conf_low": 7.89115,
      "estimate": 9.92709,
      "n": 1031,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "ANES",
      "topic": "Black voters",
      "year": 1996
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 13.3121,
      "conf_low": 9.17618,
      "estimate": 11.2442,
      "n": 1113,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "ANES",
      "topic": "Black voters",
      "year": 2000
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 16.2741,
      "conf_low": 11.0632,
      "estimate": 13.6687,
      "n": 800,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "ANES",
      "topic": "Black voters",
      "year": 2004
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 14.0918,
      "conf_low": 10.0125,
      "estimate": 12.0521,
      "n": 1530,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "ANES",
      "topic": "Black voters",
      "year": 2008
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 14.4479,
      "conf_low": 11.6857,
      "estimate": 13.0668,
      "n": 4181,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "ANES",
      "topic": "Black voters",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 12.6324,
      "conf_low": 9.69064,
      "estimate": 11.1615,
      "n": 2575,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "ANES",
      "topic": "Black voters",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 11.6139,
      "conf_low": 9.42397,
      "estimate": 10.5189,
      "n": 6030,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "ANES",
      "topic": "Black voters",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 12.6529,
      "conf_low": 9.80041,
      "estimate": 11.2267,
      "n": 3897,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "ANES",
      "topic": "Black voters",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 12.1063,
      "conf_low": 11.1152,
      "estimate": 11.6108,
      "n": 23585,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "CES",
      "topic": "Black voters",
      "year": 2008
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 9.0564,
      "conf_low": 8.20491,
      "estimate": 8.63066,
      "n": 37789,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "CES",
      "topic": "Black voters",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 9.96226,
      "conf_low": 9.19017,
      "estimate": 9.57622,
      "n": 40891,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "CES",
      "topic": "Black voters",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 10.9407,
      "conf_low": 10.1807,
      "estimate": 10.5607,
      "n": 43872,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "CES",
      "topic": "Black voters",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 9.74257,
      "conf_low": 8.86481,
      "estimate": 9.30369,
      "n": 42008,
      "panel": "All voters",
      "source": "CES",
      "topic": "Black voters",
      "year": 2024
    }
  ],
  "id": "survey_check",
  "notes": [
    "The ANES 2012, 2016 and 2024 samples mix interview modes and the 2020 study has no mode weights, so the mode lines have no 2020 point; the 2008 study was face to face only. The all-mode ANES line includes panel and paper respondents in 2024.",
    "The CES is an opt-in panel and its intervals do not cover how respondents were recruited; the CPS intervals ignore the survey design. Intervals are model based (Kish effective sample size, normal approximation) and ignore clustering in the sample design."
  ],
  "source": "CPS November voting supplement 1996 to 2024 (weighted, VOSUPPWT); ANES Cumulative Data File 1996 to 2024 (weighted; mode series use weight_ftf and weight_web); CES cumulative file 2008 to 2024 (weighted, weight_cumulative)",
  "spec": {
    "colors": {
      "ANES": "cat1",
      "ANES, face to face": "cat3",
      "ANES, web": "cat4",
      "CES": "cat2",
      "CPS voting supplement": "total"
    },
    "dashed": [
      "ANES, face to face",
      "ANES, web"
    ],
    "facet": "panel",
    "facetColumns": 3,
    "hi": "conf_high",
    "lo": "conf_low",
    "n": "n",
    "series": "source",
    "x": "year",
    "xDomain": [
      1996,
      2024
    ],
    "xLabel": "Presidential election year",
    "xTicks": [
      1996,
      2008,
      2024
    ],
    "y": "estimate",
    "yDomain": [
      15,
      55
    ],
    "yFormat": {
      "digits": 0
    },
    "yLabel": "Share with a four-year degree (%)"
  },
  "subtitle": "Share of voters with a four-year degree, percent, by presidential election: all voters (CPS, ANES, CES), Democratic voters and Republican voters (ANES, ANES by mode, CES); the buttons show the white and Black shares of voters; 95% intervals from the Kish effective sample size",
  "table": {
    "columns": [
      {
        "key": "topic",
        "label": "Measure"
      },
      {
        "key": "panel",
        "label": "Voters"
      },
      {
        "key": "source",
        "label": "Survey"
      },
      {
        "key": "year",
        "label": "Election"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "estimate",
        "label": "Share (%)"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "conf_low",
        "label": "95% CI low"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "conf_high",
        "label": "95% CI high"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "thousands": true
        },
        "key": "n",
        "label": "n"
      }
    ]
  },
  "title": "The ANES shows the degree-holding share of Republican voters falling after 2008, the CES shows it rising, and the ANES web samples show no change",
  "type": "line",
  "views": [
    {
      "filter": {
        "topic": "Four-year degree"
      },
      "id": "degree",
      "label": "Four-year degree"
    },
    {
      "filter": {
        "topic": "White non-Hispanic voters"
      },
      "id": "white",
      "label": "White non-Hispanic voters",
      "spec": {
        "dashed": [],
        "facetColumns": 1,
        "xTicks": [
          1996,
          2008,
          2024
        ],
        "yDomain": [
          60,
          90
        ],
        "yLabel": "White non-Hispanic share of voters (%)"
      },
      "title": "In 2024 white non-Hispanic voters were {fact:chk_w_ces} of voters in the CES, {fact:chk_w_cps} in the CPS and {fact:chk_w_anes} in the ANES"
    },
    {
      "filter": {
        "topic": "Black voters"
      },
      "id": "black",
      "label": "Black voters",
      "spec": {
        "dashed": [],
        "facetColumns": 1,
        "xTicks": [
          1996,
          2008,
          2024
        ],
        "yDomain": [
          5,
          15
        ],
        "yLabel": "Black share of voters (%)"
      },
      "title": "In 2024 Black voters were {fact:chk_b_ces} of voters in the CES, {fact:chk_b_cps} in the CPS and {fact:chk_b_anes} in the ANES"
    }
  ],
  "width": "wide"
}