{
  "alt": "Dot chart in four panels for four-year degree holders, white non-Hispanic respondents, women and respondents in the oldest age band, each with eight rows: all respondents, nonvoters, voters, Democratic voters, Republican voters, Democratic identifiers, Republican identifiers and independents with no party lean. In the degree panel Democratic voters are farthest right and nonvoters are among the farthest left, and in the white panel Republican voters and identifiers are farthest right.",
  "caption": "In the 2024 default view, {fact:lad_dv_deg} of Democratic voters held a four-year degree against {fact:lad_di_deg} of Democratic identifiers, while Republican voters ({fact:lad_rv_deg}) and Republican identifiers ({fact:lad_ri_deg}) differ little. Nonvoters held a degree at {fact:lad_nv_deg}. Respondents are adult citizens, so the top row stands in for eligible adults, and voters and nonvoters are self-reported.",
  "data": [
    {
      "conf_high": 36.2198,
      "conf_low": 32.557,
      "estimate": 34.3884,
      "metric": "Four-year degree or more",
      "n": 5465,
      "population": "All respondents",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 66.1176,
      "conf_low": 62.4213,
      "estimate": 64.2694,
      "metric": "White non-Hispanic",
      "n": 5454,
      "population": "All respondents",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 53.5168,
      "conf_low": 49.6701,
      "estimate": 51.5934,
      "metric": "Women",
      "n": 5475,
      "population": "All respondents",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 25.1265,
      "conf_low": 21.7899,
      "estimate": 23.4582,
      "metric": "Age 65 and over",
      "n": 5242,
      "population": "All respondents",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 19.2241,
      "conf_low": 12.2626,
      "estimate": 15.7433,
      "metric": "Four-year degree or more",
      "n": 829,
      "population": "Nonvoters",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 58.5415,
      "conf_low": 49.0248,
      "estimate": 53.7831,
      "metric": "White non-Hispanic",
      "n": 829,
      "population": "Nonvoters",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 56.2342,
      "conf_low": 46.7023,
      "estimate": 51.4682,
      "metric": "Women",
      "n": 832,
      "population": "Nonvoters",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 13.3314,
      "conf_low": 7.45461,
      "estimate": 10.393,
      "metric": "Age 65 and over",
      "n": 814,
      "population": "Nonvoters",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 41.9919,
      "conf_low": 37.6671,
      "estimate": 39.8295,
      "metric": "Four-year degree or more",
      "n": 4083,
      "population": "Voters",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 69.2133,
      "conf_low": 65.0621,
      "estimate": 67.1377,
      "metric": "White non-Hispanic",
      "n": 4076,
      "population": "Voters",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 53.7179,
      "conf_low": 49.3071,
      "estimate": 51.5125,
      "metric": "Women",
      "n": 4091,
      "population": "Voters",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 28.7525,
      "conf_low": 24.7558,
      "estimate": 26.7541,
      "metric": "Age 65 and over",
      "n": 3916,
      "population": "Voters",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 53.0417,
      "conf_low": 46.972,
      "estimate": 50.0068,
      "metric": "Four-year degree or more",
      "n": 2178,
      "population": "Democratic voters",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 60.3198,
      "conf_low": 54.3142,
      "estimate": 57.317,
      "metric": "White non-Hispanic",
      "n": 2178,
      "population": "Democratic voters",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 58.5871,
      "conf_low": 52.5589,
      "estimate": 55.573,
      "metric": "Women",
      "n": 2181,
      "population": "Democratic voters",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 31.3806,
      "conf_low": 25.7886,
      "estimate": 28.5846,
      "metric": "Age 65 and over",
      "n": 2104,
      "population": "Democratic voters",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 30.8806,
      "conf_low": 24.8154,
      "estimate": 27.848,
      "metric": "Four-year degree or more",
      "n": 1725,
      "population": "Republican voters",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 82.1943,
      "conf_low": 76.7277,
      "estimate": 79.461,
      "metric": "White non-Hispanic",
      "n": 1719,
      "population": "Republican voters",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 50.6552,
      "conf_low": 43.9076,
      "estimate": 47.2814,
      "metric": "Women",
      "n": 1730,
      "population": "Republican voters",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 28.6942,
      "conf_low": 22.6504,
      "estimate": 25.6723,
      "metric": "Age 65 and over",
      "n": 1648,
      "population": "Republican voters",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 46.0607,
      "conf_low": 40.5258,
      "estimate": 43.2932,
      "metric": "Four-year degree or more",
      "n": 2619,
      "population": "Democratic identifiers",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 56.356,
      "conf_low": 50.7927,
      "estimate": 53.5743,
      "metric": "White non-Hispanic",
      "n": 2621,
      "population": "Democratic identifiers",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 58.7158,
      "conf_low": 53.1827,
      "estimate": 55.9493,
      "metric": "Women",
      "n": 2627,
      "population": "Democratic identifiers",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 27.5491,
      "conf_low": 22.6321,
      "estimate": 25.0906,
      "metric": "Age 65 and over",
      "n": 2543,
      "population": "Democratic identifiers",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 29.8057,
      "conf_low": 24.674,
      "estimate": 27.2398,
      "metric": "Four-year degree or more",
      "n": 2436,
      "population": "Republican identifiers",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 80.1176,
      "conf_low": 75.3138,
      "estimate": 77.7157,
      "metric": "White non-Hispanic",
      "n": 2428,
      "population": "Republican identifiers",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 49.2166,
      "conf_low": 43.4772,
      "estimate": 46.3469,
      "metric": "Women",
      "n": 2440,
      "population": "Republican identifiers",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 25.8108,
      "conf_low": 20.8129,
      "estimate": 23.3118,
      "metric": "Age 65 and over",
      "n": 2316,
      "population": "Republican identifiers",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 23.9303,
      "conf_low": 12.5239,
      "estimate": 18.2271,
      "metric": "Four-year degree or more",
      "n": 378,
      "population": "Independents with no party lean",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 60.471,
      "conf_low": 45.6645,
      "estimate": 53.0678,
      "metric": "White non-Hispanic",
      "n": 375,
      "population": "Independents with no party lean",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 59.6997,
      "conf_low": 44.8686,
      "estimate": 52.2842,
      "metric": "Women",
      "n": 375,
      "population": "Independents with no party lean",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 17.3961,
      "conf_low": 7.33653,
      "estimate": 12.3663,
      "metric": "Age 65 and over",
      "n": 356,
      "population": "Independents with no party lean",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 38.0682,
      "conf_low": 35.2346,
      "estimate": 36.6514,
      "metric": "Four-year degree or more",
      "n": 8149,
      "population": "All respondents",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 67.0503,
      "conf_low": 64.2587,
      "estimate": 65.6545,
      "metric": "White non-Hispanic",
      "n": 8178,
      "population": "All respondents",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 53.2764,
      "conf_low": 50.3457,
      "estimate": 51.8111,
      "metric": "Women",
      "n": 8213,
      "population": "All respondents",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 23.3213,
      "conf_low": 20.8452,
      "estimate": 22.0833,
      "metric": "Age 65 and over",
      "n": 7932,
      "population": "All respondents",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 20.2906,
      "conf_low": 14.0875,
      "estimate": 17.1891,
      "metric": "Four-year degree or more",
      "n": 1022,
      "population": "Nonvoters",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 57.3719,
      "conf_low": 49.1932,
      "estimate": 53.2826,
      "metric": "White non-Hispanic",
      "n": 1027,
      "population": "Nonvoters",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 53.93,
      "conf_low": 45.7534,
      "estimate": 49.8417,
      "metric": "Women",
      "n": 1031,
      "population": "Nonvoters",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 12.0133,
      "conf_low": 7.13533,
      "estimate": 9.57434,
      "metric": "Age 65 and over",
      "n": 1001,
      "population": "Nonvoters",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 42.1812,
      "conf_low": 38.7642,
      "estimate": 40.4727,
      "metric": "Four-year degree or more",
      "n": 6311,
      "population": "Voters",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 70.9736,
      "conf_low": 67.7666,
      "estimate": 69.3701,
      "metric": "White non-Hispanic",
      "n": 6343,
      "population": "Voters",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 54.3215,
      "conf_low": 50.8539,
      "estimate": 52.5877,
      "metric": "Women",
      "n": 6366,
      "population": "Voters",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 23.8317,
      "conf_low": 20.886,
      "estimate": 22.3588,
      "metric": "Age 65 and over",
      "n": 6155,
      "population": "Voters",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 49.4898,
      "conf_low": 44.6834,
      "estimate": 47.0866,
      "metric": "Four-year degree or more",
      "n": 3461,
      "population": "Democratic voters",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 60.5136,
      "conf_low": 55.7821,
      "estimate": 58.1479,
      "metric": "White non-Hispanic",
      "n": 3481,
      "population": "Democratic voters",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 56.8209,
      "conf_low": 52.0499,
      "estimate": 54.4354,
      "metric": "Women",
      "n": 3490,
      "population": "Democratic voters",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 23.49,
      "conf_low": 19.5006,
      "estimate": 21.4953,
      "metric": "Age 65 and over",
      "n": 3410,
      "population": "Democratic voters",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 34.4857,
      "conf_low": 29.5048,
      "estimate": 31.9953,
      "metric": "Four-year degree or more",
      "n": 2526,
      "population": "Republican voters",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 87.6805,
      "conf_low": 83.9508,
      "estimate": 85.8157,
      "metric": "White non-Hispanic",
      "n": 2549,
      "population": "Republican voters",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 52.968,
      "conf_low": 47.6264,
      "estimate": 50.2972,
      "metric": "Women",
      "n": 2553,
      "population": "Republican voters",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 27.1131,
      "conf_low": 22.4113,
      "estimate": 24.7622,
      "metric": "Age 65 and over",
      "n": 2448,
      "population": "Republican voters",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 44.1828,
      "conf_low": 39.8266,
      "estimate": 42.0047,
      "metric": "Four-year degree or more",
      "n": 3787,
      "population": "Democratic identifiers",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 55.0039,
      "conf_low": 50.6111,
      "estimate": 52.8075,
      "metric": "White non-Hispanic",
      "n": 3804,
      "population": "Democratic identifiers",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 58.6867,
      "conf_low": 54.3302,
      "estimate": 56.5084,
      "metric": "Women",
      "n": 3816,
      "population": "Democratic identifiers",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 23.2397,
      "conf_low": 19.5923,
      "estimate": 21.416,
      "metric": "Age 65 and over",
      "n": 3732,
      "population": "Democratic identifiers",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 35.7253,
      "conf_low": 31.5551,
      "estimate": 33.6402,
      "metric": "Four-year degree or more",
      "n": 3394,
      "population": "Republican identifiers",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 84.3589,
      "conf_low": 81.0124,
      "estimate": 82.6857,
      "metric": "White non-Hispanic",
      "n": 3409,
      "population": "Republican identifiers",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 49.7725,
      "conf_low": 45.3668,
      "estimate": 47.5697,
      "metric": "Women",
      "n": 3425,
      "population": "Republican identifiers",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 26.4245,
      "conf_low": 22.5507,
      "estimate": 24.4876,
      "metric": "Age 65 and over",
      "n": 3289,
      "population": "Republican identifiers",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 30.3179,
      "conf_low": 22.5361,
      "estimate": 26.427,
      "metric": "Four-year degree or more",
      "n": 943,
      "population": "Independents with no party lean",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 59.639,
      "conf_low": 50.8655,
      "estimate": 55.2522,
      "metric": "White non-Hispanic",
      "n": 946,
      "population": "Independents with no party lean",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 52.6237,
      "conf_low": 43.8342,
      "estimate": 48.229,
      "metric": "Women",
      "n": 949,
      "population": "Independents with no party lean",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 19.3918,
      "conf_low": 12.7641,
      "estimate": 16.078,
      "metric": "Age 65 and over",
      "n": 897,
      "population": "Independents with no party lean",
      "year": 2020
    }
  ],
  "id": "population_ladder",
  "notes": [
    "Party identifiers include leaners (seven-point party identification, 1 to 3 Democratic, 5 to 7 Republican); independents with no party lean are the midpoint.",
    "A Democratic voter or identifier appears in more than one row, because the rows are overlapping populations."
  ],
  "source": "ANES Cumulative Data File, 2020 and 2024; weighted (weight for all respondents and party identifiers, weight_postelection for voters and nonvoters)",
  "spec": {
    "facet": "metric",
    "facetColumns": 2,
    "hi": "conf_high",
    "legend": false,
    "lo": "conf_low",
    "n": "n",
    "sort": "data",
    "x": "estimate",
    "xDomain": [
      0,
      100
    ],
    "xDomains": {
      "Age 65 and over": [
        0,
        45
      ],
      "Four-year degree or more": [
        0,
        60
      ],
      "White non-Hispanic": [
        40,
        100
      ],
      "Women": [
        30,
        70
      ]
    },
    "xFormat": {
      "digits": 1
    },
    "xLabel": "Share of the population in the row (%)",
    "y": "population"
  },
  "subtitle": "Share of each ANES population in four groups, percent, 2024 (the buttons show 2020); 95% intervals from the Kish effective sample size",
  "table": {
    "columns": [
      {
        "key": "year",
        "label": "Election"
      },
      {
        "key": "metric",
        "label": "Group"
      },
      {
        "key": "population",
        "label": "Population"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "estimate",
        "label": "Share (%)"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "conf_low",
        "label": "95% CI low"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1
        },
        "key": "conf_high",
        "label": "95% CI high"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "thousands": true
        },
        "key": "n",
        "label": "n"
      }
    ]
  },
  "title": "Democratic voters are more likely than Democratic identifiers to hold a four-year degree, and nonvoters are less likely than voters",
  "type": "dot",
  "views": [
    {
      "filter": {
        "year": 2024
      },
      "id": "2024",
      "label": "2024"
    },
    {
      "filter": {
        "year": 2020
      },
      "id": "2020",
      "label": "2020"
    }
  ],
  "width": "wide"
}