{ "alt": "A dumbbell chart with six rows, one per attitude, each showing the gap between the obedience side and the autonomy side of the index without the religious-faith item as an open dot and with it as a filled dot, with intervals and a line at zero. Every gap is above zero. The filled dot is to the right of the open dot for moral conservatism and for naming homosexuals as neighbors, the two dots are close for immigrants, race and army rule, and the open dot is to the right for a strong leader.", "caption": "The gap for moral conservatism falls from {fact:gap_moral_chapter_same} to {fact:gap_moral_no_faith} percentage points when the faith item is dropped, and the gap for naming homosexuals as neighbors from {fact:gap_homosexuals_chapter_same} to {fact:gap_homosexuals_no_faith}. The differences for immigrants, race and army rule have intervals that include zero, and the gap for a strong leader is larger without the faith item. The open dot is the gap without the faith item and the filled dot the gap with it; the last column is the difference, with minus without.", "data": [ { "change": 4.73741, "change_high": 5.78503, "change_low": 3.68603, "definition": "Mean of 4 or lower on the 1 to 10 justifiability of homosexuality, abortion and divorce", "gap_with": 11.9762, "gap_with_high": 15.0921, "gap_with_low": 9.0932, "gap_without": 7.23881, "gap_without_high": 9.8705, "gap_without_low": 4.79154, "n_units": 74, "outcome": "Socially conservative (homosexuality, abortion, divorce)" }, { "change": 1.90469, "change_high": 2.64056, "change_low": 1.12833, "definition": "Names homosexuals as people they would not want as neighbors", "gap_with": 6.87693, "gap_with_high": 8.65019, "gap_with_low": 5.08057, "gap_without": 4.97224, "gap_without_high": 6.64868, "gap_without_low": 3.25356, "n_units": 77, "outcome": "Does not want homosexuals as neighbors" }, { "change": 0.196205, "change_high": 0.999222, "change_low": -0.651636, "definition": "Says army rule is a good or very good way to run the country", "gap_with": 3.86472, "gap_with_high": 5.27291, "gap_with_low": 2.46884, "gap_without": 3.66852, "gap_without_high": 5.30185, "gap_without_low": 2.07334, "n_units": 73, "outcome": "Army rule is good" }, { "change": 0.128722, "change_high": 0.751216, "change_low": -0.468144, "definition": "Names people of a different race as people they would not want as neighbors", "gap_with": 2.45133, "gap_with_high": 3.59403, "gap_with_low": 1.30745, "gap_without": 2.3226, "gap_without_high": 3.50719, "gap_without_low": 1.0982, "n_units": 80, "outcome": "Does not want people of another race as neighbors" }, { "change": -0.161408, "change_high": 0.645586, "change_low": -0.956238, "definition": "Names immigrants or foreign workers as people they would not want as neighbors", "gap_with": 2.16128, "gap_with_high": 3.33787, "gap_with_low": 1.12987, "gap_without": 2.32269, "gap_without_high": 3.68452, "gap_without_low": 1.06373, "n_units": 80, "outcome": "Does not want immigrants as neighbors" }, { "change": -1.15787, "change_high": -0.159542, "change_low": -2.14324, "definition": "Says a strong leader who does not bother with parliament and elections is a good or very good way to run the country", "gap_with": 3.07636, "gap_with_high": 5.35805, "gap_with_low": 0.766811, "gap_without": 4.23423, "gap_without_high": 6.68216, "gap_without_low": 1.83237, "n_units": 73, "outcome": "Strong leader bypassing parliament is good" } ], "id": "outcome_gaps_faith", "notes": [ "Every row uses the countries that qualify under both indices (73 to 80 countries by row), because the index without the faith item leaves fewer respondents on its obedience side, so fewer countries reach an effective sample of 100 there.", "Respondents with an index score of exactly zero are left out. The interval on the difference redraws the same countries for both gaps and is in the data table." ], "source": "World Values Survey and European Values Study, fieldwork 2005-2023; weighted (weight, S017, within each country); countries with an effective sample of 100 or more on both sides of both indices in each row", "spec": { "hi1": "gap_without_high", "hi2": "gap_with_high", "label1": "Without the faith item", "label2": "With the faith item", "lo1": "gap_without_low", "lo2": "gap_with_low", "n1": "n_units", "n2": "n_units", "reference": 0, "referenceLabel": "No gap", "sort": "data", "x1": "gap_without", "x2": "gap_with", "xDomain": [ -2, 18 ], "xFormat": { "digits": 1 }, "xLabel": "Gap in percentage points (obedience side minus autonomy side)", "y": "outcome" }, "subtitle": "Gap between the obedience side and the autonomy side of the index in the share holding each attitude, with and without the religious-faith item, on the countries that qualify under both; 95% bootstrap intervals; WVS and EVS fieldwork 2005-2023", "table": { "columns": [ { "key": "outcome", "label": "Attitude" }, { "key": "definition", "label": "Definition" }, { "format": { "digits": 1 }, "key": "gap_without", "label": "Gap without the faith item, points" }, { "format": { "digits": 1 }, "key": "gap_without_low", "label": "Interval low" }, { "format": { "digits": 1 }, "key": "gap_without_high", "label": "Interval high" }, { "format": { "digits": 1 }, "key": "gap_with", "label": "Gap with the faith item, points" }, { "format": { "digits": 1 }, "key": "gap_with_low", "label": "Interval low" }, { "format": { "digits": 1 }, "key": "gap_with_high", "label": "Interval high" }, { "format": { "digits": 1, "signed": true }, "key": "change", "label": "Difference, with minus without, points" }, { "format": { "digits": 1, "signed": true }, "key": "change_low", "label": "Difference interval low" }, { "format": { "digits": 1, "signed": true }, "key": "change_high", "label": "Difference interval high" }, { "key": "n_units", "label": "Countries" } ] }, "title": "Dropping the faith item shrinks the gaps for moral conservatism and for homosexuals as neighbors, and leaves the gaps for immigrants, race, army rule and a strong leader no smaller", "type": "dumbbell", "width": "wide" }