{
  "alt": "A table with four rows, one per survey, naming the years, the question, the answers counted as the obedience pole and as the autonomy pole, and the measure built from them.",
  "caption": "Only the WVS, ANES and GSS ask about child rearing. The ESS has no such question, so its measure is a neighbor, the importance of conformity, tradition and security.",
  "data": [
    {
      "measure": "Obedience and faith minus independence and tolerance, from a low of −2 to a high of +2",
      "poles": "Obedience and religious faith, against independence and tolerance and respect for other people",
      "question": "Check-all list: which qualities are especially important for a child to learn at home (up to five; ten qualities in the cleaned file)",
      "survey": "World Values Survey and European Values Study, fieldwork 2005-2023"
    },
    {
      "measure": "One minus the mean of the four answers, from 0 (autonomy on every pair) to 1 (obedience on every pair)",
      "poles": "Respect for elders, good manners, obedience and being well-behaved, against independence, curiosity, self-reliance and being considerate",
      "question": "Four forced choices: independence or respect for elders, curiosity or good manners, self-reliance or obedience, considerate or well-behaved",
      "survey": "American National Election Studies, presidential-year studies 1992-2024"
    },
    {
      "measure": "Rank of thinking for oneself minus rank of obeying, from −4 to +4",
      "poles": "Obeying, against thinking for oneself",
      "question": "Rank five qualities by importance for a child to learn, including obeying and thinking for oneself",
      "survey": "General Social Survey, 1986-2024"
    },
    {
      "measure": "Conservation score, centered on the respondent's mean rating",
      "poles": "Conformity, tradition and security values (conservation); openness to change is the opposite pole and is not measured directly",
      "question": "Twenty-one portraits of a person; how much the respondent resembles each. No child-rearing item",
      "survey": "European Social Survey, rounds 3 to 10, 2006-2022"
    }
  ],
  "id": "instruments",
  "source": "WVS/EVS 2005-2023, ANES 1992-2024, GSS 1986-2024 and ESS 2006-2022 questionnaires and cleaned data dictionaries; item wording only, no estimates or weights",
  "spec": {
    "columns": [
      {
        "key": "survey",
        "label": "Survey and years"
      },
      {
        "key": "question",
        "label": "Question"
      },
      {
        "key": "poles",
        "label": "Obedience versus autonomy pole"
      },
      {
        "key": "measure",
        "label": "Measure"
      }
    ]
  },
  "subtitle": "Questions, the answers that count as each pole and the measure built from them, by survey",
  "title": "Three surveys ask about children and one asks about values, and each fixes the obedience pole in advance",
  "type": "table",
  "width": "wide"
}