{
  "alt": "Seven stacked distributions of county margins relative to the national margin, one for each of 1876, 1904, 1940, 1976, 2000, 2016 and 2024, weighted by votes and labeled with the share of votes within {fact:band} points of the national margin. The 1976 ridge has the largest share, {fact:near5_v_1976}, and the 2016 and 2024 ridges have longer tails on both sides, with {fact:near5_v_2024} within {fact:band} points in 2024 and {fact:near5_v_2016} in 2016.",
  "caption": "The figure beside each year is the share of votes cast within {fact:band} points of the national margin: {fact:near5_v_1976} in 1976, the most of the seven elections, and {fact:near5_v_2024} in 2024. Each ridge is one election, and its height at a point is the share of votes cast in counties whose margin, relative to the national margin, falls in a bin of {fact:bin_width} points, on one height scale for all ridges. Red fill is more Republican than the nation and blue fill more Democratic. Ridge heights depend on the bin width (in bins of {fact:bin_alt} points the 1940 ridge is taller than the 1976 ridge), so compare the labeled shares and not the peaks.",
  "data": [
    {
      "election": "1876",
      "ridge_c": "1876 (11.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1876 (18.1%)",
      "share_of_counties": 0.0896861,
      "share_of_votes": 0.00352539,
      "x": -97.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1876",
      "ridge_c": "1876 (11.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1876 (18.1%)",
      "share_of_counties": 0.134529,
      "share_of_votes": 0.0192337,
      "x": -92.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1876",
      "ridge_c": "1876 (11.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1876 (18.1%)",
      "share_of_counties": 0.269058,
      "share_of_votes": 0.025565,
      "x": -87.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1876",
      "ridge_c": "1876 (11.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1876 (18.1%)",
      "share_of_counties": 0.269058,
      "share_of_votes": 0.112045,
      "x": -82.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1876",
      "ridge_c": "1876 (11.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1876 (18.1%)",
      "share_of_counties": 0.358744,
      "share_of_votes": 0.0834821,
      "x": -77.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1876",
      "ridge_c": "1876 (11.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1876 (18.1%)",
      "share_of_counties": 0.672646,
      "share_of_votes": 0.147742,
      "x": -72.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1876",
      "ridge_c": "1876 (11.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1876 (18.1%)",
      "share_of_counties": 0.627803,
      "share_of_votes": 0.211199,
      "x": -67.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1876",
      "ridge_c": "1876 (11.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1876 (18.1%)",
      "share_of_counties": 1.03139,
      "share_of_votes": 0.314767,
      "x": -62.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1876",
      "ridge_c": "1876 (11.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1876 (18.1%)",
      "share_of_counties": 1.21076,
      "share_of_votes": 0.682486,
      "x": -57.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1876",
      "ridge_c": "1876 (11.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1876 (18.1%)",
      "share_of_counties": 1.61435,
      "share_of_votes": 0.901036,
      "x": -52.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1876",
      "ridge_c": "1876 (11.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1876 (18.1%)",
      "share_of_counties": 1.83857,
      "share_of_votes": 1.071,
      "x": -47.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1876",
      "ridge_c": "1876 (11.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1876 (18.1%)",
      "share_of_counties": 2.06278,
      "share_of_votes": 1.49938,
      "x": -42.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1876",
      "ridge_c": "1876 (11.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1876 (18.1%)",
      "share_of_counties": 2.15247,
      "share_of_votes": 1.84712,
      "x": -37.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1876",
      "ridge_c": "1876 (11.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1876 (18.1%)",
      "share_of_counties": 3.18386,
      "share_of_votes": 3.23456,
      "x": -32.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1876",
      "ridge_c": "1876 (11.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1876 (18.1%)",
      "share_of_counties": 3.5426,
      "share_of_votes": 3.46222,
      "x": -27.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1876",
      "ridge_c": "1876 (11.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1876 (18.1%)",
      "share_of_counties": 4.70852,
      "share_of_votes": 6.40443,
      "x": -22.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1876",
      "ridge_c": "1876 (11.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1876 (18.1%)",
      "share_of_counties": 4.08072,
      "share_of_votes": 6.52103,
      "x": -17.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1876",
      "ridge_c": "1876 (11.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1876 (18.1%)",
      "share_of_counties": 6.7713,
      "share_of_votes": 9.5419,
      "x": -12.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1876",
      "ridge_c": "1876 (11.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1876 (18.1%)",
      "share_of_counties": 5.33632,
      "share_of_votes": 8.26198,
      "x": -7.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1876",
      "ridge_c": "1876 (11.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1876 (18.1%)",
      "share_of_counties": 6.18834,
      "share_of_votes": 9.46531,
      "x": -2.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1876",
      "ridge_c": "1876 (11.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1876 (18.1%)",
      "share_of_counties": 5.69507,
      "share_of_votes": 8.61228,
      "x": 2.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1876",
      "ridge_c": "1876 (11.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1876 (18.1%)",
      "share_of_counties": 5.91928,
      "share_of_votes": 7.92041,
      "x": 7.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1876",
      "ridge_c": "1876 (11.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1876 (18.1%)",
      "share_of_counties": 5.47085,
      "share_of_votes": 5.22349,
      "x": 12.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1876",
      "ridge_c": "1876 (11.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1876 (18.1%)",
      "share_of_counties": 4.1704,
      "share_of_votes": 6.33013,
      "x": 17.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1876",
      "ridge_c": "1876 (11.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1876 (18.1%)",
      "share_of_counties": 3.72197,
      "share_of_votes": 2.81199,
      "x": 22.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1876",
      "ridge_c": "1876 (11.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1876 (18.1%)",
      "share_of_counties": 3.76682,
      "share_of_votes": 5.22129,
      "x": 27.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1876",
      "ridge_c": "1876 (11.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1876 (18.1%)",
      "share_of_counties": 2.33184,
      "share_of_votes": 1.16641,
      "x": 32.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1876",
      "ridge_c": "1876 (11.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1876 (18.1%)",
      "share_of_counties": 2.55605,
      "share_of_votes": 1.58963,
      "x": 37.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1876",
      "ridge_c": "1876 (11.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1876 (18.1%)",
      "share_of_counties": 2.42152,
      "share_of_votes": 1.27989,
      "x": 42.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1876",
      "ridge_c": "1876 (11.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1876 (18.1%)",
      "share_of_counties": 2.15247,
      "share_of_votes": 1.09068,
      "x": 47.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1876",
      "ridge_c": "1876 (11.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1876 (18.1%)",
      "share_of_counties": 2.287,
      "share_of_votes": 1.02826,
      "x": 52.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1876",
      "ridge_c": "1876 (11.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1876 (18.1%)",
      "share_of_counties": 1.79372,
      "share_of_votes": 0.768114,
      "x": 57.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1876",
      "ridge_c": "1876 (11.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1876 (18.1%)",
      "share_of_counties": 1.61435,
      "share_of_votes": 0.494213,
      "x": 62.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1876",
      "ridge_c": "1876 (11.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1876 (18.1%)",
      "share_of_counties": 1.61435,
      "share_of_votes": 0.563198,
      "x": 67.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1876",
      "ridge_c": "1876 (11.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1876 (18.1%)",
      "share_of_counties": 1.52466,
      "share_of_votes": 0.479524,
      "x": 72.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1876",
      "ridge_c": "1876 (11.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1876 (18.1%)",
      "share_of_counties": 1.39013,
      "share_of_votes": 0.41283,
      "x": 77.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1876",
      "ridge_c": "1876 (11.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1876 (18.1%)",
      "share_of_counties": 1.12108,
      "share_of_votes": 0.315978,
      "x": 82.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1876",
      "ridge_c": "1876 (11.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1876 (18.1%)",
      "share_of_counties": 0.986547,
      "share_of_votes": 0.249343,
      "x": 87.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1876",
      "ridge_c": "1876 (11.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1876 (18.1%)",
      "share_of_counties": 1.16592,
      "share_of_votes": 0.244475,
      "x": 92.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1876",
      "ridge_c": "1876 (11.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1876 (18.1%)",
      "share_of_counties": 2.01794,
      "share_of_votes": 0.382864,
      "x": 97.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1904",
      "ridge_c": "1904 (7.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1904 (13.5%)",
      "share_of_counties": 0,
      "share_of_votes": 0,
      "x": -97.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1904",
      "ridge_c": "1904 (7.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1904 (13.5%)",
      "share_of_counties": 0,
      "share_of_votes": 0,
      "x": -92.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1904",
      "ridge_c": "1904 (7.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1904 (13.5%)",
      "share_of_counties": 0,
      "share_of_votes": 0,
      "x": -87.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1904",
      "ridge_c": "1904 (7.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1904 (13.5%)",
      "share_of_counties": 0,
      "share_of_votes": 0,
      "x": -82.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1904",
      "ridge_c": "1904 (7.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1904 (13.5%)",
      "share_of_counties": 0,
      "share_of_votes": 0,
      "x": -77.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1904",
      "ridge_c": "1904 (7.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1904 (13.5%)",
      "share_of_counties": 0.0367242,
      "share_of_votes": 0.00537451,
      "x": -72.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1904",
      "ridge_c": "1904 (7.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1904 (13.5%)",
      "share_of_counties": 0.257069,
      "share_of_votes": 0.053792,
      "x": -67.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1904",
      "ridge_c": "1904 (7.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1904 (13.5%)",
      "share_of_counties": 0.771208,
      "share_of_votes": 0.294926,
      "x": -62.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1904",
      "ridge_c": "1904 (7.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1904 (13.5%)",
      "share_of_counties": 0.918105,
      "share_of_votes": 0.334368,
      "x": -57.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1904",
      "ridge_c": "1904 (7.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1904 (13.5%)",
      "share_of_counties": 1.65259,
      "share_of_votes": 1.11442,
      "x": -52.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1904",
      "ridge_c": "1904 (7.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1904 (13.5%)",
      "share_of_counties": 2.90121,
      "share_of_votes": 4.012,
      "x": -47.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1904",
      "ridge_c": "1904 (7.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1904 (13.5%)",
      "share_of_counties": 2.79104,
      "share_of_votes": 3.38857,
      "x": -42.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1904",
      "ridge_c": "1904 (7.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1904 (13.5%)",
      "share_of_counties": 3.56225,
      "share_of_votes": 2.91034,
      "x": -37.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1904",
      "ridge_c": "1904 (7.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1904 (13.5%)",
      "share_of_counties": 4.00294,
      "share_of_votes": 3.80185,
      "x": -32.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1904",
      "ridge_c": "1904 (7.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1904 (13.5%)",
      "share_of_counties": 4.26001,
      "share_of_votes": 3.74011,
      "x": -27.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1904",
      "ridge_c": "1904 (7.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1904 (13.5%)",
      "share_of_counties": 5.06794,
      "share_of_votes": 6.48676,
      "x": -22.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1904",
      "ridge_c": "1904 (7.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1904 (13.5%)",
      "share_of_counties": 4.59053,
      "share_of_votes": 7.86682,
      "x": -17.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1904",
      "ridge_c": "1904 (7.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1904 (13.5%)",
      "share_of_counties": 4.84759,
      "share_of_votes": 8.31445,
      "x": -12.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1904",
      "ridge_c": "1904 (7.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1904 (13.5%)",
      "share_of_counties": 4.4069,
      "share_of_votes": 6.9979,
      "x": -7.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1904",
      "ridge_c": "1904 (7.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1904 (13.5%)",
      "share_of_counties": 3.78259,
      "share_of_votes": 5.59973,
      "x": -2.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1904",
      "ridge_c": "1904 (7.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1904 (13.5%)",
      "share_of_counties": 4.14983,
      "share_of_votes": 7.9051,
      "x": 2.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1904",
      "ridge_c": "1904 (7.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1904 (13.5%)",
      "share_of_counties": 3.96621,
      "share_of_votes": 4.85577,
      "x": 7.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1904",
      "ridge_c": "1904 (7.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1904 (13.5%)",
      "share_of_counties": 4.33346,
      "share_of_votes": 6.48308,
      "x": 12.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1904",
      "ridge_c": "1904 (7.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1904 (13.5%)",
      "share_of_counties": 2.68087,
      "share_of_votes": 3.87372,
      "x": 17.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1904",
      "ridge_c": "1904 (7.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1904 (13.5%)",
      "share_of_counties": 3.45207,
      "share_of_votes": 5.26708,
      "x": 22.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1904",
      "ridge_c": "1904 (7.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1904 (13.5%)",
      "share_of_counties": 2.82776,
      "share_of_votes": 5.46296,
      "x": 27.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1904",
      "ridge_c": "1904 (7.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1904 (13.5%)",
      "share_of_counties": 2.01983,
      "share_of_votes": 1.55503,
      "x": 32.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1904",
      "ridge_c": "1904 (7.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1904 (13.5%)",
      "share_of_counties": 2.13,
      "share_of_votes": 1.17402,
      "x": 37.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1904",
      "ridge_c": "1904 (7.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1904 (13.5%)",
      "share_of_counties": 2.01983,
      "share_of_votes": 0.933782,
      "x": 42.5
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    {
      "election": "1904",
      "ridge_c": "1904 (7.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1904 (13.5%)",
      "share_of_counties": 1.61586,
      "share_of_votes": 0.623404,
      "x": 47.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1904",
      "ridge_c": "1904 (7.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1904 (13.5%)",
      "share_of_counties": 2.01983,
      "share_of_votes": 0.680969,
      "x": 52.5
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    {
      "election": "1904",
      "ridge_c": "1904 (7.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1904 (13.5%)",
      "share_of_counties": 1.57914,
      "share_of_votes": 0.59993,
      "x": 57.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1904",
      "ridge_c": "1904 (7.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1904 (13.5%)",
      "share_of_counties": 1.3588,
      "share_of_votes": 0.478574,
      "x": 62.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1904",
      "ridge_c": "1904 (7.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1904 (13.5%)",
      "share_of_counties": 2.13,
      "share_of_votes": 0.522101,
      "x": 67.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1904",
      "ridge_c": "1904 (7.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1904 (13.5%)",
      "share_of_counties": 1.50569,
      "share_of_votes": 0.575799,
      "x": 72.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1904",
      "ridge_c": "1904 (7.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1904 (13.5%)",
      "share_of_counties": 2.16673,
      "share_of_votes": 0.593962,
      "x": 77.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1904",
      "ridge_c": "1904 (7.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1904 (13.5%)",
      "share_of_counties": 1.39552,
      "share_of_votes": 0.454974,
      "x": 82.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1904",
      "ridge_c": "1904 (7.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1904 (13.5%)",
      "share_of_counties": 1.57914,
      "share_of_votes": 0.343375,
      "x": 87.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1904",
      "ridge_c": "1904 (7.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1904 (13.5%)",
      "share_of_counties": 2.31362,
      "share_of_votes": 0.590962,
      "x": 92.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1904",
      "ridge_c": "1904 (7.9%)",
      "ridge_v": "1904 (13.5%)",
      "share_of_counties": 2.13,
      "share_of_votes": 0.421813,
      "x": 97.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1940",
      "ridge_c": "1940 (10.2%)",
      "ridge_v": "1940 (17.8%)",
      "share_of_counties": 0,
      "share_of_votes": 0,
      "x": -97.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1940",
      "ridge_c": "1940 (10.2%)",
      "ridge_v": "1940 (17.8%)",
      "share_of_counties": 0.0323206,
      "share_of_votes": 0.00774628,
      "x": -92.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1940",
      "ridge_c": "1940 (10.2%)",
      "ridge_v": "1940 (17.8%)",
      "share_of_counties": 0.0323206,
      "share_of_votes": 0.00850831,
      "x": -87.5
    },
    {
      "election": "1940",
      "ridge_c": "1940 (10.2%)",
      "ridge_v": "1940 (17.8%)",
      "share_of_counties": 0.0646412,
      "share_of_votes": 0.0154601,
      "x": -82.5
    },
    {
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      "ridge_c": "2024 (5.3%)",
      "ridge_v": "2024 (14.7%)",
      "share_of_counties": 1.57404,
      "share_of_votes": 5.45654,
      "x": 22.5
    },
    {
      "election": "2024",
      "ridge_c": "2024 (5.3%)",
      "ridge_v": "2024 (14.7%)",
      "share_of_counties": 1.12432,
      "share_of_votes": 3.94677,
      "x": 27.5
    },
    {
      "election": "2024",
      "ridge_c": "2024 (5.3%)",
      "ridge_v": "2024 (14.7%)",
      "share_of_counties": 1.02795,
      "share_of_votes": 3.01084,
      "x": 32.5
    },
    {
      "election": "2024",
      "ridge_c": "2024 (5.3%)",
      "ridge_v": "2024 (14.7%)",
      "share_of_counties": 0.77096,
      "share_of_votes": 3.59109,
      "x": 37.5
    },
    {
      "election": "2024",
      "ridge_c": "2024 (5.3%)",
      "ridge_v": "2024 (14.7%)",
      "share_of_counties": 0.835207,
      "share_of_votes": 3.9656,
      "x": 42.5
    },
    {
      "election": "2024",
      "ridge_c": "2024 (5.3%)",
      "ridge_v": "2024 (14.7%)",
      "share_of_counties": 0.57822,
      "share_of_votes": 2.43801,
      "x": 47.5
    },
    {
      "election": "2024",
      "ridge_c": "2024 (5.3%)",
      "ridge_v": "2024 (14.7%)",
      "share_of_counties": 0.321234,
      "share_of_votes": 1.32461,
      "x": 52.5
    },
    {
      "election": "2024",
      "ridge_c": "2024 (5.3%)",
      "ridge_v": "2024 (14.7%)",
      "share_of_counties": 0.353357,
      "share_of_votes": 1.54006,
      "x": 57.5
    },
    {
      "election": "2024",
      "ridge_c": "2024 (5.3%)",
      "ridge_v": "2024 (14.7%)",
      "share_of_counties": 0.224863,
      "share_of_votes": 0.731188,
      "x": 62.5
    },
    {
      "election": "2024",
      "ridge_c": "2024 (5.3%)",
      "ridge_v": "2024 (14.7%)",
      "share_of_counties": 0.28911,
      "share_of_votes": 1.4208,
      "x": 67.5
    },
    {
      "election": "2024",
      "ridge_c": "2024 (5.3%)",
      "ridge_v": "2024 (14.7%)",
      "share_of_counties": 0.128493,
      "share_of_votes": 0.191975,
      "x": 72.5
    },
    {
      "election": "2024",
      "ridge_c": "2024 (5.3%)",
      "ridge_v": "2024 (14.7%)",
      "share_of_counties": 0.0963701,
      "share_of_votes": 0.413223,
      "x": 77.5
    },
    {
      "election": "2024",
      "ridge_c": "2024 (5.3%)",
      "ridge_v": "2024 (14.7%)",
      "share_of_counties": 0,
      "share_of_votes": 0,
      "x": 82.5
    },
    {
      "election": "2024",
      "ridge_c": "2024 (5.3%)",
      "ridge_v": "2024 (14.7%)",
      "share_of_counties": 0.0321234,
      "share_of_votes": 0.207422,
      "x": 87.5
    },
    {
      "election": "2024",
      "ridge_c": "2024 (5.3%)",
      "ridge_v": "2024 (14.7%)",
      "share_of_counties": 0,
      "share_of_votes": 0,
      "x": 92.5
    },
    {
      "election": "2024",
      "ridge_c": "2024 (5.3%)",
      "ridge_v": "2024 (14.7%)",
      "share_of_counties": 0,
      "share_of_votes": 0,
      "x": 97.5
    }
  ],
  "id": "margin_distribution",
  "notes": [
    "Bins run from minus {fact:dist_lim} to plus {fact:dist_lim} points. Counties beyond that range are not drawn. They matter mainly in 1904, when they hold {fact:tail_votes_1904} of votes and {fact:tail_counties_1904} of counties, all of them heavily Democratic counties in a year when the national margin was Republican.",
    "The share within {fact:band} points does not depend on the bin width, because the two bins next to zero make it up."
  ],
  "source": "County presidential returns, 1868-2024 (Algara and Amlani for 1868-2020, MIT Election Data and Science Lab for 2024); full counts, not survey estimates; shares weighted by two-party votes unless stated",
  "spec": {
    "fillBy": "sign",
    "group": "ridge_v",
    "groupOrder": [
      "1876 (18.1%)",
      "1904 (13.5%)",
      "1940 (17.8%)",
      "1976 (22.9%)",
      "2000 (16.7%)",
      "2016 (9.4%)",
      "2024 (14.7%)"
    ],
    "reference": 0,
    "referenceLabel": "National margin",
    "signColors": {
      "negative": "rep",
      "positive": "dem"
    },
    "x": "x",
    "xLabel": "County margin minus national margin (points)",
    "y": "share_of_votes"
  },
  "subtitle": "Share of two-party votes, or of counties in the second view, by bin of the county margin minus the national margin, percentage points, seven presidential elections from 1876 to 2024",
  "table": {
    "columns": [
      {
        "key": "election",
        "label": "Election"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 1,
          "signed": true
        },
        "key": "x",
        "label": "Bin center (points)"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 2
        },
        "key": "share_of_votes",
        "label": "Share of votes (%)"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 2
        },
        "key": "share_of_counties",
        "label": "Share of counties (%)"
      }
    ]
  },
  "title": "The share of votes cast within {fact:band} points of the national margin was {fact:near5_v_1976} in 1976, {fact:near5_v_2016} in 2016 and {fact:near5_v_2024} in 2024",
  "type": "ridgeline",
  "views": [
    {
      "id": "votes",
      "label": "Share of votes"
    },
    {
      "caption": "The figure beside each year is the share of counties within {fact:band} points of the national margin. Each ridge is one election, and its height at a point is the share of counties whose margin, relative to the national margin, falls in a bin of {fact:bin_width} points, counting each county once, on one height scale for all ridges. Red fill is more Republican than the nation and blue fill more Democratic.",
      "id": "counties",
      "label": "Share of counties",
      "spec": {
        "group": "ridge_c",
        "groupOrder": [
          "1876 (11.9%)",
          "1904 (7.9%)",
          "1940 (10.2%)",
          "1976 (18.9%)",
          "2000 (12.0%)",
          "2016 (4.4%)",
          "2024 (5.3%)"
        ],
        "y": "share_of_counties"
      },
      "title": "The share of counties within {fact:band} points of the national margin was {fact:near5_c_1976} in 1976, {fact:near5_c_2016} in 2016 and {fact:near5_c_2024} in 2024"
    }
  ],
  "width": "wide"
}