{
  "alt": "Two lines, Democratic and Republican, with bands, by election cycle. In the CFscore view the Democratic median falls further than the Republican median rises, and the space between the parties widens. The second view, for seated members, shows the same pattern in CFscores. In the third view, for seated members on a roll-call scale, the Republican median rises further than the Democratic median falls, and the space between the parties widens as well.",
  "caption": "Read the lines for the party medians and the bands for the spread within a party. Bands are the 25th to 75th percentile of candidates, not confidence intervals.",
  "data": [
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      "party": "Democratic"
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      "p25": 0.72025,
      "p75": 1.11775,
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      "panel": "cf",
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    },
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      "cycle": 1998,
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      "p75": -0.238,
      "panel": "cfseat",
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      "p75": -0.28825,
      "panel": "cfseat",
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      "p25": -0.597,
      "p75": -0.2085,
      "panel": "cfseat",
      "party": "Democratic"
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    {
      "cycle": 1992,
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      "p25": -0.617,
      "p75": -0.204,
      "panel": "cfseat",
      "party": "Democratic"
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      "cycle": 1994,
      "median": -0.429,
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      "p25": -0.615,
      "p75": -0.212,
      "panel": "cfseat",
      "party": "Democratic"
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      "p25": -0.6675,
      "p75": -0.3095,
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      "p75": -0.27975,
      "panel": "cfseat",
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      "p25": -0.65825,
      "p75": -0.26475,
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      "p25": -0.677,
      "p75": -0.2955,
      "panel": "cfseat",
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    },
    {
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      "p25": -0.722,
      "p75": -0.321,
      "panel": "cfseat",
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      "median": -0.588,
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      "p25": -0.751,
      "p75": -0.352,
      "panel": "cfseat",
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      "median": -0.5445,
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      "p25": -0.73425,
      "p75": -0.3025,
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    },
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      "median": -0.558,
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      "p75": -0.353,
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      "p75": -0.4595,
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    },
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      "panel": "cfseat",
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      "panel": "cfseat",
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      "p25": 0.6965,
      "p75": 1.08,
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    },
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      "p75": 1.04225,
      "panel": "cfseat",
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    },
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      "p75": 1.02975,
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      "p25": 0.784,
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      "panel": "cfseat",
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      "p25": 0.75275,
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      "p25": 0.74925,
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    },
    {
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      "p75": 1.18175,
      "panel": "cfseat",
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      "p25": -0.46975,
      "p75": -0.30275,
      "panel": "dw",
      "party": "Democratic"
    },
    {
      "cycle": 2004,
      "median": -0.384,
      "n": 217,
      "p25": -0.469,
      "p75": -0.303,
      "panel": "dw",
      "party": "Democratic"
    },
    {
      "cycle": 2006,
      "median": -0.367,
      "n": 257,
      "p25": -0.452,
      "p75": -0.272,
      "panel": "dw",
      "party": "Democratic"
    },
    {
      "cycle": 2008,
      "median": -0.3515,
      "n": 276,
      "p25": -0.45,
      "p75": -0.259,
      "panel": "dw",
      "party": "Democratic"
    },
    {
      "cycle": 2010,
      "median": -0.396,
      "n": 207,
      "p25": -0.4745,
      "p75": -0.32,
      "panel": "dw",
      "party": "Democratic"
    },
    {
      "cycle": 2012,
      "median": -0.388,
      "n": 226,
      "p25": -0.458,
      "p75": -0.29975,
      "panel": "dw",
      "party": "Democratic"
    },
    {
      "cycle": 2014,
      "median": -0.398,
      "n": 197,
      "p25": -0.466,
      "p75": -0.321,
      "panel": "dw",
      "party": "Democratic"
    },
    {
      "cycle": 2016,
      "median": -0.393,
      "n": 205,
      "p25": -0.452,
      "p75": -0.316,
      "panel": "dw",
      "party": "Democratic"
    },
    {
      "cycle": 2018,
      "median": -0.3765,
      "n": 254,
      "p25": -0.448,
      "p75": -0.29,
      "panel": "dw",
      "party": "Democratic"
    },
    {
      "cycle": 2020,
      "median": -0.381,
      "n": 237,
      "p25": -0.448,
      "p75": -0.299,
      "panel": "dw",
      "party": "Democratic"
    },
    {
      "cycle": 2022,
      "median": -0.3825,
      "n": 222,
      "p25": -0.45,
      "p75": -0.304,
      "panel": "dw",
      "party": "Democratic"
    },
    {
      "cycle": 1980,
      "median": 0.307,
      "n": 196,
      "p25": 0.217,
      "p75": 0.391,
      "panel": "dw",
      "party": "Republican"
    },
    {
      "cycle": 1982,
      "median": 0.326,
      "n": 176,
      "p25": 0.23175,
      "p75": 0.4,
      "panel": "dw",
      "party": "Republican"
    },
    {
      "cycle": 1984,
      "median": 0.336,
      "n": 195,
      "p25": 0.238,
      "p75": 0.419,
      "panel": "dw",
      "party": "Republican"
    },
    {
      "cycle": 1986,
      "median": 0.3405,
      "n": 186,
      "p25": 0.23375,
      "p75": 0.42575,
      "panel": "dw",
      "party": "Republican"
    },
    {
      "cycle": 1988,
      "median": 0.343,
      "n": 185,
      "p25": 0.232,
      "p75": 0.443,
      "panel": "dw",
      "party": "Republican"
    },
    {
      "cycle": 1990,
      "median": 0.337,
      "n": 182,
      "p25": 0.23225,
      "p75": 0.435,
      "panel": "dw",
      "party": "Republican"
    },
    {
      "cycle": 1992,
      "median": 0.376,
      "n": 188,
      "p25": 0.259,
      "p75": 0.4705,
      "panel": "dw",
      "party": "Republican"
    },
    {
      "cycle": 1994,
      "median": 0.382,
      "n": 241,
      "p25": 0.282,
      "p75": 0.49,
      "panel": "dw",
      "party": "Republican"
    },
    {
      "cycle": 1996,
      "median": 0.396,
      "n": 235,
      "p25": 0.3125,
      "p75": 0.5045,
      "panel": "dw",
      "party": "Republican"
    },
    {
      "cycle": 1998,
      "median": 0.384,
      "n": 237,
      "p25": 0.303,
      "p75": 0.493,
      "panel": "dw",
      "party": "Republican"
    },
    {
      "cycle": 2000,
      "median": 0.398,
      "n": 227,
      "p25": 0.3135,
      "p75": 0.496,
      "panel": "dw",
      "party": "Republican"
    },
    {
      "cycle": 2002,
      "median": 0.402,
      "n": 248,
      "p25": 0.30275,
      "p75": 0.51075,
      "panel": "dw",
      "party": "Republican"
    },
    {
      "cycle": 2004,
      "median": 0.406,
      "n": 246,
      "p25": 0.316,
      "p75": 0.51975,
      "panel": "dw",
      "party": "Republican"
    },
    {
      "cycle": 2006,
      "median": 0.418,
      "n": 209,
      "p25": 0.331,
      "p75": 0.525,
      "panel": "dw",
      "party": "Republican"
    },
    {
      "cycle": 2008,
      "median": 0.4335,
      "n": 190,
      "p25": 0.34,
      "p75": 0.54375,
      "panel": "dw",
      "party": "Republican"
    },
    {
      "cycle": 2010,
      "median": 0.453,
      "n": 266,
      "p25": 0.35225,
      "p75": 0.56725,
      "panel": "dw",
      "party": "Republican"
    },
    {
      "cycle": 2012,
      "median": 0.486,
      "n": 241,
      "p25": 0.375,
      "p75": 0.585,
      "panel": "dw",
      "party": "Republican"
    },
    {
      "cycle": 2014,
      "median": 0.486,
      "n": 268,
      "p25": 0.36575,
      "p75": 0.58275,
      "panel": "dw",
      "party": "Republican"
    },
    {
      "cycle": 2016,
      "median": 0.488,
      "n": 260,
      "p25": 0.37975,
      "p75": 0.59325,
      "panel": "dw",
      "party": "Republican"
    },
    {
      "cycle": 2018,
      "median": 0.513,
      "n": 203,
      "p25": 0.4225,
      "p75": 0.6085,
      "panel": "dw",
      "party": "Republican"
    },
    {
      "cycle": 2020,
      "median": 0.499,
      "n": 227,
      "p25": 0.4005,
      "p75": 0.609,
      "panel": "dw",
      "party": "Republican"
    },
    {
      "cycle": 2022,
      "median": 0.513,
      "n": 239,
      "p25": 0.413,
      "p75": 0.632,
      "panel": "dw",
      "party": "Republican"
    }
  ],
  "id": "candidate_medians",
  "notes": [
    "Bands run from the 25th to the 75th percentile of candidates or members and are not confidence intervals. Full counts: no sampling interval.",
    "Roll-call scores (DW-NOMINATE) come with the DIME candidate file for seated members; 2024 winners are not coded."
  ],
  "source": "Stanford DIME v4.0 (Bonica), election cycles 1980-2024; full counts of federal House and Senate candidates, no weights",
  "spec": {
    "annotations": [
      {
        "type": "y-rule",
        "y": 0
      }
    ],
    "colors": {
      "Democratic": "dem",
      "Republican": "rep"
    },
    "hi": "p75",
    "lo": "p25",
    "n": "n",
    "series": "party",
    "x": "cycle",
    "xDomain": [
      1980,
      2024
    ],
    "xLabel": "Election cycle",
    "y": "median",
    "yDomain": [
      -1.6,
      2
    ],
    "yFormat": {
      "digits": 2,
      "signed": true
    },
    "yLabel": "CFscore (negative is left, positive is right)"
  },
  "subtitle": "Median score and 25th to 75th percentile range of House and Senate candidates by party, by election cycle; other views: seated members by CFscore and by roll-call votes",
  "table": {
    "columns": [
      {
        "key": "panel",
        "label": "View"
      },
      {
        "key": "party",
        "label": "Party"
      },
      {
        "key": "cycle",
        "label": "Election cycle"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 2
        },
        "key": "median",
        "label": "Median"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 2
        },
        "key": "p25",
        "label": "25th percentile"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 2
        },
        "key": "p75",
        "label": "75th percentile"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "thousands": true
        },
        "key": "n",
        "label": "Candidates or members"
      }
    ]
  },
  "title": "The parties moved apart on both scales, but CFscores show the Democratic median moving further and roll-call scores the Republican median",
  "type": "line",
  "views": [
    {
      "caption": "Lines are party medians and bands run from the 25th to the 75th percentile of each party's candidates. The Democratic median moved from {fact:dem_med_1980} to {fact:dem_med_2024} and the Republican median from {fact:rep_med_1980} to {fact:rep_med_2024}, so the gap between them went from {fact:cand_gap_1980} to {fact:cand_gap_2024}. The Democratic 75th percentile, the edge of the party nearest zero, went from {fact:dem_p75_1980} to {fact:dem_p75_2024}.",
      "filter": {
        "panel": "cf"
      },
      "id": "cf",
      "label": "Candidate CFscores",
      "spec": {
        "yDomain": [
          -1.6,
          2
        ],
        "yLabel": "CFscore (negative is left, positive is right)"
      },
      "title": "In CFscores both party medians moved outward, the Democratic median by more than the Republican median"
    },
    {
      "caption": "The same layout for members who won their seats and have a roll-call score, scored by CFscore. The Democratic median went from {fact:cfseat_dem_1980} to {fact:cfseat_dem_2022} and the Republican median from {fact:cfseat_rep_1980} to {fact:cfseat_rep_2022}.",
      "filter": {
        "panel": "cfseat"
      },
      "id": "cfseat",
      "label": "Seated members, CFscores",
      "spec": {
        "xDomain": [
          1980,
          2022
        ],
        "yDomain": [
          -1.6,
          2
        ],
        "yLabel": "CFscore (negative is left, positive is right)"
      },
      "title": "For seated members, CFscores also show the Democratic median moving further than the Republican median"
    },
    {
      "caption": "The same members scored from roll-call votes instead of donations. The party gap was {fact:dw_gap_1980} in 1980 and {fact:dw_gap_2022} in 2022. The Democratic median went from {fact:dw_dem_1980} to {fact:dw_dem_2022} and the Republican median from {fact:dw_rep_1980} to {fact:dw_rep_2022}.",
      "filter": {
        "panel": "dw"
      },
      "id": "dw",
      "label": "Seated members, roll-call scores",
      "spec": {
        "xDomain": [
          1980,
          2022
        ],
        "yDomain": [
          -0.8,
          0.8
        ],
        "yLabel": "DW-NOMINATE, first dimension"
      },
      "title": "In roll-call scores the parties moved apart as well, with the Republican median moving further than the Democratic median"
    }
  ],
  "width": "wide"
}