{
  "alt": "Line chart of the standardized slope of ideology on attendance by survey year with confidence bands, raw and net of party. In the GSS both lines start near {fact:gss_raw_1974} in 1974; the raw line rises to {fact:gss_raw_2008} in 2008 and {fact:gss_raw_2024} in 2024, and the line net of party stays lower, at {fact:gss_net_2024} in 2024. A shaded band marks 2021 to 2024. A second view shows the CES, where the raw slope is {fact:ces_raw_2008} in 2008, {fact:ces_raw_2010} in 2010, {fact:ces_raw_2016} in 2016, {fact:ces_raw_2018} in 2018 and {fact:ces_raw_2024} in 2024, so it dips in the 2010s and is back near its 2008 level in 2018 and 2024.",
  "caption": "In the GSS the raw slope rose from {fact:gss_raw_1974} in 1974 to {fact:gss_raw_2008} in 2008 and was {fact:gss_raw_2018} in 2018 and {fact:gss_raw_2024} in 2024, and the slope net of party stayed lower, at {fact:gss_net_1974} in 1974 and {fact:gss_net_2018} in 2018. Each point is one survey year. Both fits use the same respondents, and both variables are standardized once on all years together, so the years share one scale. The shaded band marks 2021 to 2024, when web interviews entered the GSS.",
  "data": [
    {
      "conf_high": 0.196295,
      "conf_low": 0.173173,
      "estimate": 0.184734,
      "n": 29793,
      "series": "Net of party",
      "source": "CES",
      "year": 2008
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.189498,
      "conf_low": 0.157991,
      "estimate": 0.173745,
      "n": 12123,
      "series": "Net of party",
      "source": "CES",
      "year": 2009
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.146613,
      "conf_low": 0.126931,
      "estimate": 0.136772,
      "n": 51265,
      "series": "Net of party",
      "source": "CES",
      "year": 2010
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.161858,
      "conf_low": 0.13421,
      "estimate": 0.148034,
      "n": 18198,
      "series": "Net of party",
      "source": "CES",
      "year": 2011
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.165119,
      "conf_low": 0.146237,
      "estimate": 0.155678,
      "n": 48517,
      "series": "Net of party",
      "source": "CES",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.174628,
      "conf_low": 0.140037,
      "estimate": 0.157332,
      "n": 14509,
      "series": "Net of party",
      "source": "CES",
      "year": 2013
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.170382,
      "conf_low": 0.150266,
      "estimate": 0.160324,
      "n": 49407,
      "series": "Net of party",
      "source": "CES",
      "year": 2014
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.189497,
      "conf_low": 0.153846,
      "estimate": 0.171671,
      "n": 12719,
      "series": "Net of party",
      "source": "CES",
      "year": 2015
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.186489,
      "conf_low": 0.168803,
      "estimate": 0.177646,
      "n": 58315,
      "series": "Net of party",
      "source": "CES",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.181175,
      "conf_low": 0.148556,
      "estimate": 0.164865,
      "n": 16175,
      "series": "Net of party",
      "source": "CES",
      "year": 2017
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.201516,
      "conf_low": 0.178937,
      "estimate": 0.190227,
      "n": 53579,
      "series": "Net of party",
      "source": "CES",
      "year": 2018
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.180999,
      "conf_low": 0.145267,
      "estimate": 0.163133,
      "n": 16287,
      "series": "Net of party",
      "source": "CES",
      "year": 2019
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.189396,
      "conf_low": 0.167778,
      "estimate": 0.178587,
      "n": 54697,
      "series": "Net of party",
      "source": "CES",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.201925,
      "conf_low": 0.172389,
      "estimate": 0.187157,
      "n": 23134,
      "series": "Net of party",
      "source": "CES",
      "year": 2021
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.206308,
      "conf_low": 0.184934,
      "estimate": 0.195621,
      "n": 54246,
      "series": "Net of party",
      "source": "CES",
      "year": 2022
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.197843,
      "conf_low": 0.167469,
      "estimate": 0.182656,
      "n": 21693,
      "series": "Net of party",
      "source": "CES",
      "year": 2023
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.179818,
      "conf_low": 0.156022,
      "estimate": 0.16792,
      "n": 55195,
      "series": "Net of party",
      "source": "CES",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.364886,
      "conf_low": 0.337639,
      "estimate": 0.351263,
      "n": 29793,
      "series": "Raw slope",
      "source": "CES",
      "year": 2008
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.331352,
      "conf_low": 0.292185,
      "estimate": 0.311769,
      "n": 12123,
      "series": "Raw slope",
      "source": "CES",
      "year": 2009
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.261192,
      "conf_low": 0.237915,
      "estimate": 0.249554,
      "n": 51265,
      "series": "Raw slope",
      "source": "CES",
      "year": 2010
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.257776,
      "conf_low": 0.226603,
      "estimate": 0.242189,
      "n": 18198,
      "series": "Raw slope",
      "source": "CES",
      "year": 2011
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.293389,
      "conf_low": 0.271124,
      "estimate": 0.282256,
      "n": 48517,
      "series": "Raw slope",
      "source": "CES",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.268739,
      "conf_low": 0.228665,
      "estimate": 0.248702,
      "n": 14509,
      "series": "Raw slope",
      "source": "CES",
      "year": 2013
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.277358,
      "conf_low": 0.255025,
      "estimate": 0.266192,
      "n": 49407,
      "series": "Raw slope",
      "source": "CES",
      "year": 2014
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.282921,
      "conf_low": 0.240629,
      "estimate": 0.261775,
      "n": 12719,
      "series": "Raw slope",
      "source": "CES",
      "year": 2015
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.27048,
      "conf_low": 0.250934,
      "estimate": 0.260707,
      "n": 58315,
      "series": "Raw slope",
      "source": "CES",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.286734,
      "conf_low": 0.249307,
      "estimate": 0.268021,
      "n": 16175,
      "series": "Raw slope",
      "source": "CES",
      "year": 2017
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.375806,
      "conf_low": 0.349803,
      "estimate": 0.362804,
      "n": 53579,
      "series": "Raw slope",
      "source": "CES",
      "year": 2018
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.371876,
      "conf_low": 0.327941,
      "estimate": 0.349908,
      "n": 16287,
      "series": "Raw slope",
      "source": "CES",
      "year": 2019
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.352122,
      "conf_low": 0.326613,
      "estimate": 0.339367,
      "n": 54697,
      "series": "Raw slope",
      "source": "CES",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.367955,
      "conf_low": 0.333114,
      "estimate": 0.350534,
      "n": 23134,
      "series": "Raw slope",
      "source": "CES",
      "year": 2021
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.369881,
      "conf_low": 0.344337,
      "estimate": 0.357109,
      "n": 54246,
      "series": "Raw slope",
      "source": "CES",
      "year": 2022
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.31645,
      "conf_low": 0.279678,
      "estimate": 0.298064,
      "n": 21693,
      "series": "Raw slope",
      "source": "CES",
      "year": 2023
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.368794,
      "conf_low": 0.339567,
      "estimate": 0.35418,
      "n": 55195,
      "series": "Raw slope",
      "source": "CES",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.192844,
      "conf_low": 0.0779873,
      "estimate": 0.135416,
      "n": 1344,
      "series": "Net of party",
      "source": "GSS",
      "year": 1974
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.20562,
      "conf_low": 0.0896248,
      "estimate": 0.147622,
      "n": 1382,
      "series": "Net of party",
      "source": "GSS",
      "year": 1975
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.179759,
      "conf_low": 0.0691105,
      "estimate": 0.124435,
      "n": 1387,
      "series": "Net of party",
      "source": "GSS",
      "year": 1976
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.15578,
      "conf_low": 0.0422284,
      "estimate": 0.0990041,
      "n": 1435,
      "series": "Net of party",
      "source": "GSS",
      "year": 1977
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.192619,
      "conf_low": 0.0752795,
      "estimate": 0.133949,
      "n": 1420,
      "series": "Net of party",
      "source": "GSS",
      "year": 1978
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.184086,
      "conf_low": 0.0422059,
      "estimate": 0.113146,
      "n": 1414,
      "series": "Net of party",
      "source": "GSS",
      "year": 1980
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.21406,
      "conf_low": 0.0962168,
      "estimate": 0.155138,
      "n": 1718,
      "series": "Net of party",
      "source": "GSS",
      "year": 1982
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.064956,
      "conf_low": -0.095825,
      "estimate": -0.0154345,
      "n": 761,
      "series": "Net of party",
      "source": "GSS",
      "year": 1983
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.234038,
      "conf_low": 0.118216,
      "estimate": 0.176127,
      "n": 1380,
      "series": "Net of party",
      "source": "GSS",
      "year": 1984
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.174709,
      "conf_low": 0.0477493,
      "estimate": 0.111229,
      "n": 1443,
      "series": "Net of party",
      "source": "GSS",
      "year": 1985
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.179939,
      "conf_low": 0.0713376,
      "estimate": 0.125638,
      "n": 1387,
      "series": "Net of party",
      "source": "GSS",
      "year": 1986
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.179488,
      "conf_low": 0.0653609,
      "estimate": 0.122425,
      "n": 1658,
      "series": "Net of party",
      "source": "GSS",
      "year": 1987
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.178246,
      "conf_low": 0.0633527,
      "estimate": 0.120799,
      "n": 1408,
      "series": "Net of party",
      "source": "GSS",
      "year": 1988
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.174576,
      "conf_low": 0.0566374,
      "estimate": 0.115606,
      "n": 1428,
      "series": "Net of party",
      "source": "GSS",
      "year": 1989
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.212271,
      "conf_low": 0.0859962,
      "estimate": 0.149133,
      "n": 1267,
      "series": "Net of party",
      "source": "GSS",
      "year": 1990
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.214629,
      "conf_low": 0.096636,
      "estimate": 0.155632,
      "n": 1421,
      "series": "Net of party",
      "source": "GSS",
      "year": 1991
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.2577,
      "conf_low": 0.14859,
      "estimate": 0.203145,
      "n": 1496,
      "series": "Net of party",
      "source": "GSS",
      "year": 1993
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.216062,
      "conf_low": 0.137066,
      "estimate": 0.176564,
      "n": 2765,
      "series": "Net of party",
      "source": "GSS",
      "year": 1994
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.213127,
      "conf_low": 0.13357,
      "estimate": 0.173348,
      "n": 2630,
      "series": "Net of party",
      "source": "GSS",
      "year": 1996
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.23017,
      "conf_low": 0.149578,
      "estimate": 0.189874,
      "n": 2585,
      "series": "Net of party",
      "source": "GSS",
      "year": 1998
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.21786,
      "conf_low": 0.132615,
      "estimate": 0.175238,
      "n": 2527,
      "series": "Net of party",
      "source": "GSS",
      "year": 2000
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.187983,
      "conf_low": 0.07077,
      "estimate": 0.129376,
      "n": 1294,
      "series": "Net of party",
      "source": "GSS",
      "year": 2002
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.202139,
      "conf_low": 0.0774761,
      "estimate": 0.139808,
      "n": 1287,
      "series": "Net of party",
      "source": "GSS",
      "year": 2004
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.19302,
      "conf_low": 0.129373,
      "estimate": 0.161196,
      "n": 4244,
      "series": "Net of party",
      "source": "GSS",
      "year": 2006
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.23631,
      "conf_low": 0.140564,
      "estimate": 0.188437,
      "n": 1884,
      "series": "Net of party",
      "source": "GSS",
      "year": 2008
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.206974,
      "conf_low": 0.0965627,
      "estimate": 0.151768,
      "n": 1911,
      "series": "Net of party",
      "source": "GSS",
      "year": 2010
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.238399,
      "conf_low": 0.131808,
      "estimate": 0.185104,
      "n": 1809,
      "series": "Net of party",
      "source": "GSS",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.251501,
      "conf_low": 0.168118,
      "estimate": 0.209809,
      "n": 2360,
      "series": "Net of party",
      "source": "GSS",
      "year": 2014
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.230441,
      "conf_low": 0.14945,
      "estimate": 0.189945,
      "n": 2662,
      "series": "Net of party",
      "source": "GSS",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.239307,
      "conf_low": 0.138102,
      "estimate": 0.188704,
      "n": 2139,
      "series": "Net of party",
      "source": "GSS",
      "year": 2018
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.190411,
      "conf_low": 0.122934,
      "estimate": 0.156673,
      "n": 3793,
      "series": "Net of party",
      "source": "GSS",
      "year": 2021
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.231515,
      "conf_low": 0.136409,
      "estimate": 0.183962,
      "n": 3276,
      "series": "Net of party",
      "source": "GSS",
      "year": 2022
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.250533,
      "conf_low": 0.145429,
      "estimate": 0.197981,
      "n": 3039,
      "series": "Net of party",
      "source": "GSS",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.204233,
      "conf_low": 0.0890415,
      "estimate": 0.146637,
      "n": 1344,
      "series": "Raw slope",
      "source": "GSS",
      "year": 1974
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.214635,
      "conf_low": 0.0961013,
      "estimate": 0.155368,
      "n": 1382,
      "series": "Raw slope",
      "source": "GSS",
      "year": 1975
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.193664,
      "conf_low": 0.0781107,
      "estimate": 0.135887,
      "n": 1387,
      "series": "Raw slope",
      "source": "GSS",
      "year": 1976
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.161346,
      "conf_low": 0.0446509,
      "estimate": 0.102998,
      "n": 1435,
      "series": "Raw slope",
      "source": "GSS",
      "year": 1977
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.20634,
      "conf_low": 0.0878508,
      "estimate": 0.147096,
      "n": 1420,
      "series": "Raw slope",
      "source": "GSS",
      "year": 1978
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.193388,
      "conf_low": 0.0540344,
      "estimate": 0.123711,
      "n": 1414,
      "series": "Raw slope",
      "source": "GSS",
      "year": 1980
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.228525,
      "conf_low": 0.10662,
      "estimate": 0.167572,
      "n": 1718,
      "series": "Raw slope",
      "source": "GSS",
      "year": 1982
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.0632302,
      "conf_low": -0.108114,
      "estimate": -0.0224418,
      "n": 761,
      "series": "Raw slope",
      "source": "GSS",
      "year": 1983
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.244195,
      "conf_low": 0.127511,
      "estimate": 0.185853,
      "n": 1380,
      "series": "Raw slope",
      "source": "GSS",
      "year": 1984
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.184927,
      "conf_low": 0.0515088,
      "estimate": 0.118218,
      "n": 1443,
      "series": "Raw slope",
      "source": "GSS",
      "year": 1985
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.194114,
      "conf_low": 0.0822201,
      "estimate": 0.138167,
      "n": 1387,
      "series": "Raw slope",
      "source": "GSS",
      "year": 1986
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.19305,
      "conf_low": 0.0716025,
      "estimate": 0.132326,
      "n": 1658,
      "series": "Raw slope",
      "source": "GSS",
      "year": 1987
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.207865,
      "conf_low": 0.0917411,
      "estimate": 0.149803,
      "n": 1408,
      "series": "Raw slope",
      "source": "GSS",
      "year": 1988
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.186825,
      "conf_low": 0.0674057,
      "estimate": 0.127115,
      "n": 1428,
      "series": "Raw slope",
      "source": "GSS",
      "year": 1989
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.234877,
      "conf_low": 0.106102,
      "estimate": 0.17049,
      "n": 1267,
      "series": "Raw slope",
      "source": "GSS",
      "year": 1990
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.224203,
      "conf_low": 0.100619,
      "estimate": 0.162411,
      "n": 1421,
      "series": "Raw slope",
      "source": "GSS",
      "year": 1991
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.286177,
      "conf_low": 0.175426,
      "estimate": 0.230802,
      "n": 1496,
      "series": "Raw slope",
      "source": "GSS",
      "year": 1993
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.246992,
      "conf_low": 0.161231,
      "estimate": 0.204111,
      "n": 2765,
      "series": "Raw slope",
      "source": "GSS",
      "year": 1994
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.237215,
      "conf_low": 0.153538,
      "estimate": 0.195377,
      "n": 2630,
      "series": "Raw slope",
      "source": "GSS",
      "year": 1996
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.272103,
      "conf_low": 0.186984,
      "estimate": 0.229543,
      "n": 2585,
      "series": "Raw slope",
      "source": "GSS",
      "year": 1998
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.261193,
      "conf_low": 0.174088,
      "estimate": 0.217641,
      "n": 2527,
      "series": "Raw slope",
      "source": "GSS",
      "year": 2000
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.23977,
      "conf_low": 0.114362,
      "estimate": 0.177066,
      "n": 1294,
      "series": "Raw slope",
      "source": "GSS",
      "year": 2002
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.235067,
      "conf_low": 0.10061,
      "estimate": 0.167838,
      "n": 1287,
      "series": "Raw slope",
      "source": "GSS",
      "year": 2004
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.256963,
      "conf_low": 0.187101,
      "estimate": 0.222032,
      "n": 4244,
      "series": "Raw slope",
      "source": "GSS",
      "year": 2006
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.306251,
      "conf_low": 0.206173,
      "estimate": 0.256212,
      "n": 1884,
      "series": "Raw slope",
      "source": "GSS",
      "year": 2008
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.2726,
      "conf_low": 0.151461,
      "estimate": 0.21203,
      "n": 1911,
      "series": "Raw slope",
      "source": "GSS",
      "year": 2010
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.297018,
      "conf_low": 0.184332,
      "estimate": 0.240675,
      "n": 1809,
      "series": "Raw slope",
      "source": "GSS",
      "year": 2012
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.320153,
      "conf_low": 0.229759,
      "estimate": 0.274956,
      "n": 2360,
      "series": "Raw slope",
      "source": "GSS",
      "year": 2014
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.302466,
      "conf_low": 0.208273,
      "estimate": 0.255369,
      "n": 2662,
      "series": "Raw slope",
      "source": "GSS",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.310388,
      "conf_low": 0.195179,
      "estimate": 0.252783,
      "n": 2139,
      "series": "Raw slope",
      "source": "GSS",
      "year": 2018
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.296736,
      "conf_low": 0.215089,
      "estimate": 0.255913,
      "n": 3793,
      "series": "Raw slope",
      "source": "GSS",
      "year": 2021
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.348098,
      "conf_low": 0.229851,
      "estimate": 0.288974,
      "n": 3276,
      "series": "Raw slope",
      "source": "GSS",
      "year": 2022
    },
    {
      "conf_high": 0.374523,
      "conf_low": 0.263152,
      "estimate": 0.318838,
      "n": 3039,
      "series": "Raw slope",
      "source": "GSS",
      "year": 2024
    }
  ],
  "id": "attendance_ideology_slope",
  "notes": [
    "Ideology is the seven-point liberal-conservative scale in the GSS and a five-point scale in the CES.",
    "GSS interviews were in person, with some telephone interviews, through 2018; 2021 was mostly web, and 2022 and 2024 mixed in-person and web interviews. In 2022 and 2024 pooled, in-person respondents give a slope of {fact:mode_ftf_raw} and web respondents {fact:mode_web_raw}.",
    "The GSS 1983 survey asked the ideology item of a subsample only, and that year's slope, marked on the chart, rests on fewer respondents. Years with fewer than {fact:floor_reg} respondents are left out. Intervals are 95% intervals on the Kish effective sample size and treat the weighted sample as a simple random sample. Regression intervals use HC3 robust errors."
  ],
  "source": "General Social Survey, 1974-2024, and Cooperative Election Study, 2008-2024; weighted",
  "spec": {
    "annotations": [
      {
        "label": "No slope",
        "type": "y-rule",
        "y": 0
      },
      {
        "label": "Web interviews",
        "type": "band",
        "x1": 2021,
        "x2": 2024
      },
      {
        "label": "Subsample only",
        "type": "point",
        "x": 1983,
        "y": -0.0224418
      }
    ],
    "colors": {
      "Net of party": "cat3",
      "Raw slope": "cat1"
    },
    "dashed": [
      "Net of party"
    ],
    "hi": "conf_high",
    "lo": "conf_low",
    "n": "n",
    "series": "series",
    "x": "year",
    "xDomain": [
      1972,
      2027
    ],
    "xLabel": "Survey year",
    "y": "estimate",
    "yDomain": [
      -0.15,
      0.5
    ],
    "yFormat": {
      "digits": 2
    },
    "yLabel": "Standardized slope"
  },
  "subtitle": "Standardized slope of ideology on church attendance, by year, raw and net of party identification; 95% intervals",
  "table": {
    "columns": [
      {
        "key": "source",
        "label": "Survey"
      },
      {
        "key": "series",
        "label": "Series"
      },
      {
        "key": "year",
        "label": "Year"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 2
        },
        "key": "estimate",
        "label": "Slope"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 2
        },
        "key": "conf_low",
        "label": "Lower"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "digits": 2
        },
        "key": "conf_high",
        "label": "Upper"
      },
      {
        "format": {
          "thousands": true
        },
        "key": "n",
        "label": "Respondents"
      }
    ]
  },
  "title": "The slope of ideology on attendance rose in the GSS from the 1970s to the 2000s, and party accounts for part of the rise",
  "type": "line",
  "views": [
    {
      "filter": {
        "source": "GSS"
      },
      "id": "gss",
      "label": "GSS, 1974 to 2024"
    },
    {
      "caption": "The CES raw slope fell from {fact:ces_raw_2008} in 2008 to {fact:ces_raw_2010} in 2010, stayed near {fact:ces_raw_2016} in 2016, rose to {fact:ces_raw_2018} in 2018 and was {fact:ces_raw_2024} in 2024. Net of party it was {fact:ces_net_2008} in 2008 and {fact:ces_net_2024} in 2024. The step between 2017 and 2018 coincides with a rise in the spread of the five-point ideology item, whose standard deviation was {fact:ces_sd_early} in 2010 to 2017 and {fact:ces_sd_late} in 2018 to 2024, and the slope is standardized on all years together. Ideology is the five-point CES item and attendance the six-point CES item. Both are standardized on all CES respondents 2008 to 2024 with an answer to every item.",
      "filter": {
        "source": "CES"
      },
      "id": "ces",
      "label": "CES, 2008 to 2024",
      "spec": {
        "annotations": [
          {
            "label": "No slope",
            "type": "y-rule",
            "y": 0
          }
        ],
        "xDomain": [
          2007,
          2025
        ],
        "yDomain": [
          0,
          0.5
        ]
      },
      "title": "The CES slope was {fact:ces_raw_2008} in 2008, fell to {fact:ces_raw_2010} in 2010 and was back at {fact:ces_raw_2018} in 2018 and {fact:ces_raw_2024} in 2024, and party identification accounts for {fact:level_ces_2024} of it in 2024"
    }
  ],
  "width": "wide"
}