{
  "alpha_cult": {
    "display": "0.70",
    "estimand": "standardized alpha of the five cultural items, k r / (1 + (k - 1) r) with r the mean pairwise weighted correlation",
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972-2024",
    "population": "GSS respondents",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "coefficient from 0 to 1 (standardized alpha)",
    "value": 0.703828,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "alpha_econ": {
    "display": "0.69",
    "estimand": "standardized alpha of the three economic items, k r / (1 + (k - 1) r) with r the mean pairwise weighted correlation",
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972-2024",
    "population": "GSS respondents",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "coefficient from 0 to 1 (standardized alpha)",
    "value": 0.685719,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "anes_att_valid_2020": {
    "display": "99%",
    "estimand": "share of respondents with a non-missing attendance code (unweighted)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020",
    "population": "respondents in the ANES cumulative file",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of respondents with a valid attendance answer",
    "value": 98.9976,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "anes_att_valid_2024": {
    "display": "49%",
    "estimand": "share of respondents with a non-missing attendance code (unweighted)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "respondents in the ANES cumulative file",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percent of respondents with a valid attendance answer",
    "value": 49.1396,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "anes_dev_early": {
    "ci": [
      2.9,
      8.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "5.5",
    "estimand": "weighted difference in the Democratic share of the two-party vote, seldom minus frequent attenders",
    "n": 5572,
    "note": "",
    "period": "ANES studies of 1972, 1976, 1980, 1984 and 1988, pooled",
    "population": "ANES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican presidential candidate and attend seldom or frequently",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote among seldom attenders minus frequent attenders",
    "value": 5.46385,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z), rescaled to average one within each study year"
  },
  "anes_dev_late": {
    "ci": [
      19.5,
      24.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "21.8",
    "estimand": "weighted difference in the Democratic share of the two-party vote, seldom minus frequent attenders",
    "n": 12996,
    "note": "",
    "period": "ANES studies of 2008, 2012, 2016 and 2020, pooled",
    "population": "ANES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican presidential candidate and attend seldom or frequently",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote among seldom attenders minus frequent attenders",
    "value": 21.7782,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z), rescaled to average one within each study year"
  },
  "anes_dev_mid": {
    "ci": [
      9.7,
      16.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "13.0",
    "estimand": "weighted difference in the Democratic share of the two-party vote, seldom minus frequent attenders",
    "n": 4005,
    "note": "",
    "period": "ANES studies of 1992, 1996, 2000 and 2004, pooled",
    "population": "ANES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican presidential candidate and attend seldom or frequently",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote among seldom attenders minus frequent attenders",
    "value": 12.9615,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z), rescaled to average one within each study year"
  },
  "anes_gap_1972": {
    "ci": [
      5.3,
      15.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "10.3",
    "estimand": "weighted difference in the Democratic share of the two-party vote, seldom minus frequent attenders",
    "n": 1389,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972",
    "population": "ANES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican presidential candidate and attend seldom or frequently",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote among seldom attenders minus frequent attenders",
    "value": 10.3042,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "anes_gap_1980": {
    "ci": [
      -6.5,
      6.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.1",
    "estimand": "weighted difference in the Democratic share of the two-party vote, seldom minus frequent attenders",
    "n": 849,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1980",
    "population": "ANES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican presidential candidate and attend seldom or frequently",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote among seldom attenders minus frequent attenders",
    "value": 0.05002,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "anes_gap_1992": {
    "ci": [
      6.2,
      16.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "11.3",
    "estimand": "weighted difference in the Democratic share of the two-party vote, seldom minus frequent attenders",
    "n": 1429,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1992",
    "population": "ANES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican presidential candidate and attend seldom or frequently",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote among seldom attenders minus frequent attenders",
    "value": 11.3486,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "anes_gap_2012": {
    "ci": [
      16.2,
      24.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "20.5",
    "estimand": "weighted difference in the Democratic share of the two-party vote, seldom minus frequent attenders",
    "n": 3741,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2012",
    "population": "ANES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican presidential candidate and attend seldom or frequently",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote among seldom attenders minus frequent attenders",
    "value": 20.4654,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "anes_gap_2016": {
    "ci": [
      18.9,
      28.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "23.8",
    "estimand": "weighted difference in the Democratic share of the two-party vote, seldom minus frequent attenders",
    "n": 2316,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2016",
    "population": "ANES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican presidential candidate and attend seldom or frequently",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote among seldom attenders minus frequent attenders",
    "value": 23.8237,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "anes_gap_2020": {
    "ci": [
      18.2,
      25.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "21.9",
    "estimand": "weighted difference in the Democratic share of the two-party vote, seldom minus frequent attenders",
    "n": 5673,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020",
    "population": "ANES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican presidential candidate and attend seldom or frequently",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote among seldom attenders minus frequent attenders",
    "value": 21.9279,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "anes_prot_2020": {
    "display": "3,180",
    "estimand": "count of respondents (unweighted)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020",
    "population": "respondents in the ANES cumulative file coded Protestant",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "count",
    "value": 3180,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "anes_prot_2024": {
    "display": "835",
    "estimand": "count of respondents (unweighted)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "respondents in the ANES cumulative file coded Protestant",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "count",
    "value": 835,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "be_2002": {
    "ci": [
      0.08,
      0.19
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.14",
    "estimand": "weighted correlation of left-right with attendance",
    "n": 1627,
    "note": "",
    "period": "ESS round 1 (2002)",
    "population": "respondents in Belgium with a left-right answer and an attendance answer",
    "source": "ess",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, from −1 to +1",
    "value": 0.137252,
    "weights": "weight (analysis weight) within the country"
  },
  "be_2023": {
    "ci": [
      -0.1,
      0.02
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.04",
    "estimand": "weighted correlation of left-right with attendance",
    "n": 1513,
    "note": "",
    "period": "ESS round 11 (2023)",
    "population": "respondents in Belgium with a left-right answer and an attendance answer",
    "source": "ess",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, from −1 to +1",
    "value": -0.0407417,
    "weights": "weight (analysis weight) within the country"
  },
  "boot_reps": {
    "display": "2,000",
    "estimand": "suppression floor or setting used in the build",
    "note": "",
    "period": "all years",
    "population": "bootstrap replicates",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "count",
    "value": 2000,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "bridge_mad": {
    "display": "0.04",
    "estimand": "mean absolute difference between the WVS/EVS and ESS attendance correlations",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2005 or later",
    "population": "countries with a usable attendance correlation in both surveys",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "absolute difference between two correlation coefficients (no sign)",
    "value": 0.0430587,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within each country; each country counted once across countries"
  },
  "bridge_r": {
    "ci": [
      0.66,
      0.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.81",
    "estimand": "Pearson correlation across countries of the WVS/EVS and ESS attendance correlations (Fisher z interval on the number of countries)",
    "n": 36,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2005 or later",
    "population": "countries with a usable attendance correlation in both surveys",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, from −1 to +1",
    "value": 0.814317,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within each country; each country counted once across countries"
  },
  "ces_c_2008": {
    "ci": [
      0.32,
      0.35
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.34",
    "estimand": "weighted correlation of church attendance with five-point ideology",
    "n": 29793,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2008",
    "population": "CES respondents with attendance and five-point ideology",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, from −1 to +1",
    "value": 0.336209,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "ces_c_2010": {
    "ci": [
      0.26,
      0.28
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.27",
    "estimand": "weighted correlation of church attendance with five-point ideology",
    "n": 51265,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2010",
    "population": "CES respondents with attendance and five-point ideology",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, from −1 to +1",
    "value": 0.267938,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "ces_c_2018": {
    "ci": [
      0.32,
      0.34
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.33",
    "estimand": "weighted correlation of church attendance with five-point ideology",
    "n": 53579,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2018",
    "population": "CES respondents with attendance and five-point ideology",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, from −1 to +1",
    "value": 0.327839,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "ces_c_2024": {
    "ci": [
      0.32,
      0.34
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.33",
    "estimand": "weighted correlation of church attendance with five-point ideology",
    "n": 55195,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "CES respondents with attendance and five-point ideology",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, from −1 to +1",
    "value": 0.331692,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "ces_cwin_early": {
    "ci": [
      0.28,
      0.29
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.29",
    "estimand": "weighted correlation of church attendance with five-point ideology",
    "n": 269105,
    "note": "",
    "period": "CES 2010 to 2017, pooled",
    "population": "CES respondents with attendance, five-point ideology and party identification",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, from −1 to +1",
    "value": 0.288241,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative, rescaled to average one within each year"
  },
  "ces_cwin_late": {
    "ci": [
      0.31,
      0.32
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.32",
    "estimand": "weighted correlation of church attendance with five-point ideology",
    "n": 278831,
    "note": "",
    "period": "CES 2018 to 2024, pooled",
    "population": "CES respondents with attendance, five-point ideology and party identification",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, from −1 to +1",
    "value": 0.319595,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative, rescaled to average one within each year"
  },
  "ces_dev_pool": {
    "ci": [
      22.7,
      24.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "23.4",
    "estimand": "weighted difference in the Democratic share of the two-party vote, seldom minus frequent attenders",
    "n": 133436,
    "note": "",
    "period": "CES 2008, 2012, 2016 and 2020, pooled",
    "population": "CES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican presidential candidate and attend seldom or frequently",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote among seldom attenders minus frequent attenders",
    "value": 23.4496,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative, rescaled to average one within each year"
  },
  "ces_freq_2020": {
    "ci": [
      35.3,
      37.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "36.5%",
    "estimand": "weighted share voting Democratic",
    "n": 10434,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020",
    "population": "reported two-party presidential voters who attend weekly or more",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percent of two-party presidential voters who voted Democratic",
    "value": 36.4848,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "ces_freq_2024": {
    "ci": [
      28.5,
      31.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "29.9%",
    "estimand": "weighted share voting Democratic",
    "n": 9415,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "reported two-party presidential voters who attend weekly or more",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percent of two-party presidential voters who voted Democratic",
    "value": 29.9404,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "ces_gap_2008": {
    "ci": [
      23.9,
      27.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "25.5",
    "estimand": "weighted difference in the Democratic share of the two-party vote, seldom minus frequent attenders",
    "n": 21168,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2008",
    "population": "CES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican presidential candidate and attend seldom or frequently",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote among seldom attenders minus frequent attenders",
    "value": 25.49,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "ces_gap_2012": {
    "ci": [
      25.7,
      28.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "27.3",
    "estimand": "weighted difference in the Democratic share of the two-party vote, seldom minus frequent attenders",
    "n": 34381,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2012",
    "population": "CES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican presidential candidate and attend seldom or frequently",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote among seldom attenders minus frequent attenders",
    "value": 27.3103,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "ces_gap_2016": {
    "ci": [
      17.4,
      20.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "18.9",
    "estimand": "weighted difference in the Democratic share of the two-party vote, seldom minus frequent attenders",
    "n": 37373,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2016",
    "population": "CES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican presidential candidate and attend seldom or frequently",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote among seldom attenders minus frequent attenders",
    "value": 18.9123,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "ces_gap_2020": {
    "ci": [
      22.1,
      24.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "23.5",
    "estimand": "weighted difference in the Democratic share of the two-party vote, seldom minus frequent attenders",
    "n": 40514,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020",
    "population": "CES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican presidential candidate and attend seldom or frequently",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote among seldom attenders minus frequent attenders",
    "value": 23.5252,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "ces_gap_2024": {
    "ci": [
      26,
      29.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "27.7",
    "estimand": "weighted difference in the Democratic share of the two-party vote, seldom minus frequent attenders",
    "n": 39057,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "CES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican presidential candidate and attend seldom or frequently",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote among seldom attenders minus frequent attenders",
    "value": 27.6615,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "ces_gap_christian_2008": {
    "ci": [
      16.6,
      20.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "18.7",
    "estimand": "weighted difference in the Democratic share of the two-party vote, seldom minus frequent attenders",
    "n": 12201,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2008",
    "population": "Protestant and Catholic CES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican presidential candidate",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote among seldom attenders minus frequent attenders",
    "value": 18.6548,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "ces_gap_christian_2024": {
    "ci": [
      11.2,
      15.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "13.2",
    "estimand": "weighted difference in the Democratic share of the two-party vote, seldom minus frequent attenders",
    "n": 19980,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "Protestant and Catholic CES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican presidential candidate",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote among seldom attenders minus frequent attenders",
    "value": 13.1897,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "ces_gap_white_2024": {
    "ci": [
      32.1,
      35.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "33.8",
    "estimand": "weighted difference in the Democratic share of the two-party vote, seldom minus frequent attenders",
    "n": 29761,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "white non-Hispanic CES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican presidential candidate",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote among seldom attenders minus frequent attenders",
    "value": 33.8039,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "ces_net_2008": {
    "ci": [
      0.17,
      0.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.18",
    "estimand": "weighted standardized slope of ideology on attendance net of party identification",
    "n": 29793,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2008",
    "population": "CES respondents with attendance, five-point ideology and party identification",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "standard deviations of ideology per standard deviation of attendance (standardized slope)",
    "value": 0.184734,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "ces_net_2024": {
    "ci": [
      0.16,
      0.18
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.17",
    "estimand": "weighted standardized slope of ideology on attendance net of party identification",
    "n": 55195,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "CES respondents with attendance, five-point ideology and party identification",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "standard deviations of ideology per standard deviation of attendance (standardized slope)",
    "value": 0.16792,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "ces_raw_2008": {
    "ci": [
      0.34,
      0.36
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.35",
    "estimand": "weighted standardized slope of ideology on attendance",
    "n": 29793,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2008",
    "population": "CES respondents with attendance, five-point ideology and party identification",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "standard deviations of ideology per standard deviation of attendance (standardized slope)",
    "value": 0.351263,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "ces_raw_2010": {
    "ci": [
      0.24,
      0.26
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.25",
    "estimand": "weighted standardized slope of ideology on attendance",
    "n": 51265,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2010",
    "population": "CES respondents with attendance, five-point ideology and party identification",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "standard deviations of ideology per standard deviation of attendance (standardized slope)",
    "value": 0.249554,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "ces_raw_2016": {
    "ci": [
      0.25,
      0.27
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.26",
    "estimand": "weighted standardized slope of ideology on attendance",
    "n": 58315,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2016",
    "population": "CES respondents with attendance, five-point ideology and party identification",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "standard deviations of ideology per standard deviation of attendance (standardized slope)",
    "value": 0.260707,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "ces_raw_2018": {
    "ci": [
      0.35,
      0.38
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.36",
    "estimand": "weighted standardized slope of ideology on attendance",
    "n": 53579,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2018",
    "population": "CES respondents with attendance, five-point ideology and party identification",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "standard deviations of ideology per standard deviation of attendance (standardized slope)",
    "value": 0.362804,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "ces_raw_2024": {
    "ci": [
      0.34,
      0.37
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.35",
    "estimand": "weighted standardized slope of ideology on attendance",
    "n": 55195,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "CES respondents with attendance, five-point ideology and party identification",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "standard deviations of ideology per standard deviation of attendance (standardized slope)",
    "value": 0.35418,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "ces_sd_early": {
    "display": "1.00",
    "estimand": "weighted standard deviation of five-point ideology",
    "n": 269105,
    "note": "",
    "period": "CES 2010 to 2017, pooled",
    "population": "CES respondents with attendance, five-point ideology and party identification",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "standard deviation, in points of the five-point ideology scale (1 very liberal to 5 very conservative)",
    "value": 1.00207,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative, rescaled to average one within each year"
  },
  "ces_sd_late": {
    "display": "1.21",
    "estimand": "weighted standard deviation of five-point ideology",
    "n": 278831,
    "note": "",
    "period": "CES 2018 to 2024, pooled",
    "population": "CES respondents with attendance, five-point ideology and party identification",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "standard deviation, in points of the five-point ideology scale (1 very liberal to 5 very conservative)",
    "value": 1.21215,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative, rescaled to average one within each year"
  },
  "ces_sel_2020": {
    "ci": [
      59.3,
      60.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "60.0%",
    "estimand": "weighted share voting Democratic",
    "n": 30080,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2020",
    "population": "reported two-party presidential voters who attend a few times a year or never",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percent of two-party presidential voters who voted Democratic",
    "value": 60.01,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "ces_sel_2024": {
    "ci": [
      56.7,
      58.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "57.6%",
    "estimand": "weighted share voting Democratic",
    "n": 29642,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "reported two-party presidential voters who attend a few times a year or never",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percent of two-party presidential voters who voted Democratic",
    "value": 57.6018,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "ces_slope_early": {
    "ci": [
      0.26,
      0.27
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.26",
    "estimand": "weighted standardized slope of ideology on attendance",
    "n": 269105,
    "note": "",
    "period": "CES 2010 to 2017, pooled",
    "population": "CES respondents with attendance, five-point ideology and party identification",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "standard deviations of ideology per standard deviation of attendance (standardized slope)",
    "value": 0.262487,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative, rescaled to average one within each year"
  },
  "ces_slope_late": {
    "ci": [
      0.34,
      0.35
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.35",
    "estimand": "weighted standardized slope of ideology on attendance",
    "n": 278831,
    "note": "",
    "period": "CES 2018 to 2024, pooled",
    "population": "CES respondents with attendance, five-point ideology and party identification",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "standard deviations of ideology per standard deviation of attendance (standardized slope)",
    "value": 0.348411,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative, rescaled to average one within each year"
  },
  "den_1960": {
    "ci": [
      38.7,
      53.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "46.2",
    "estimand": "weighted difference in the Democratic share of the two-party vote, Catholics minus Protestants",
    "n": 847,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1960",
    "population": "ANES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican presidential candidate and are Protestant or Catholic",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote among Catholics minus Protestants",
    "value": 46.2258,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z)"
  },
  "den_ces_2024": {
    "ci": [
      8.3,
      12.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "10.4",
    "estimand": "weighted difference in the Democratic share of the two-party vote, Catholics minus Protestants",
    "n": 22174,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "CES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican presidential candidate and are Protestant or Catholic",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote among Catholics minus Protestants",
    "value": 10.3755,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "den_early": {
    "ci": [
      5.6,
      11.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "8.5",
    "estimand": "weighted difference in the Democratic share of the two-party vote, Catholics minus Protestants",
    "n": 5809,
    "note": "",
    "period": "ANES studies of 1972, 1976, 1980, 1984 and 1988, pooled",
    "population": "ANES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican presidential candidate and are Protestant or Catholic",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote among Catholics minus Protestants",
    "value": 8.4969,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z), rescaled to average one within each study year"
  },
  "den_fix_frequent_2024": {
    "ci": [
      6.6,
      13.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "10.2",
    "estimand": "weighted difference in the Democratic share of the two-party vote, Catholics minus Protestants, within one attendance group",
    "n": 7759,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "Protestant and Catholic CES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican presidential candidate and attend weekly or more",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote among Catholics minus Protestants",
    "value": 10.1872,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "den_fix_seldom_2024": {
    "ci": [
      5.4,
      10.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "8.1",
    "estimand": "weighted difference in the Democratic share of the two-party vote, Catholics minus Protestants, within one attendance group",
    "n": 12221,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "Protestant and Catholic CES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican presidential candidate and attend a few times a year or never",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote among Catholics minus Protestants",
    "value": 8.14122,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "den_late": {
    "ci": [
      5.6,
      11.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "8.3",
    "estimand": "weighted difference in the Democratic share of the two-party vote, Catholics minus Protestants",
    "n": 9666,
    "note": "",
    "period": "ANES studies of 2008, 2012, 2016 and 2020, pooled",
    "population": "ANES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican presidential candidate and are Protestant or Catholic",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote among Catholics minus Protestants",
    "value": 8.34686,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z), rescaled to average one within each study year"
  },
  "den_mid": {
    "ci": [
      1.3,
      8.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "5.0",
    "estimand": "weighted difference in the Democratic share of the two-party vote, Catholics minus Protestants",
    "n": 3775,
    "note": "",
    "period": "ANES studies of 1992, 1996, 2000 and 2004, pooled",
    "population": "ANES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican presidential candidate and are Protestant or Catholic",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote among Catholics minus Protestants",
    "value": 4.96746,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z), rescaled to average one within each study year"
  },
  "den_old": {
    "ci": [
      17.4,
      23.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "20.6",
    "estimand": "weighted difference in the Democratic share of the two-party vote, Catholics minus Protestants",
    "n": 5130,
    "note": "",
    "period": "ANES studies of 1952, 1956, 1960, 1964 and 1968, pooled",
    "population": "ANES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican presidential candidate and are Protestant or Catholic",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "percentage points, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote among Catholics minus Protestants",
    "value": 20.5552,
    "weights": "weight (VCF0009z), rescaled to average one within each study year"
  },
  "design_ratio_max": {
    "display": "1.15",
    "estimand": "largest across survey years of the standard error with the primary sampling unit as the cluster over the standard error without clustering",
    "note": "",
    "period": "GSS 1975 to 2024, 32 survey years",
    "population": "GSS respondents with attendance, self-placed ideology and party identification (design variables available)",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "ratio of the cluster-robust standard error to the HC3 standard error of the raw standardized slope",
    "value": 1.1468,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "design_ratio_med": {
    "display": "1.01",
    "estimand": "median across survey years of the standard error with the primary sampling unit as the cluster over the standard error without clustering",
    "note": "",
    "period": "GSS 1975 to 2024, 32 survey years",
    "population": "GSS respondents with attendance, self-placed ideology and party identification (design variables available)",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "ratio of the cluster-robust standard error to the HC3 standard error of the raw standardized slope",
    "value": 1.00833,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "design_ratio_min": {
    "display": "0.92",
    "estimand": "smallest across survey years of the standard error with the primary sampling unit as the cluster over the standard error without clustering",
    "note": "",
    "period": "GSS 1975 to 2024, 32 survey years",
    "population": "GSS respondents with attendance, self-placed ideology and party identification (design variables available)",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "ratio of the cluster-robust standard error to the HC3 standard error of the raw standardized slope",
    "value": 0.918707,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "ess_2002": {
    "ci": [
      0.14,
      0.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.17",
    "estimand": "mean across the 15 countries of the within-country correlation of left-right with attendance (percentile bootstrap over countries)",
    "n": 26103,
    "note": "",
    "period": "ESS round 1 (2002)",
    "population": "15 European countries in every ESS round",
    "source": "ess",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, from −1 to +1",
    "value": 0.167153,
    "weights": "weight (analysis weight) within each country; each country counted once across countries"
  },
  "ess_2023": {
    "ci": [
      0.1,
      0.21
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.15",
    "estimand": "mean across the 15 countries of the within-country correlation of left-right with attendance (percentile bootstrap over countries)",
    "n": 22401,
    "note": "",
    "period": "ESS round 11 (2023)",
    "population": "15 European countries in every ESS round",
    "source": "ess",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, from −1 to +1",
    "value": 0.150167,
    "weights": "weight (analysis weight) within each country; each country counted once across countries"
  },
  "ess_europe_mean": {
    "ci": [
      0.08,
      0.14
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.11",
    "estimand": "mean across countries of the within-country correlation of left-right with attendance (percentile bootstrap over countries)",
    "n": 36,
    "note": "",
    "period": "ESS rounds 3 to 11 (2006-2023)",
    "population": "European countries in the ESS with an effective sample of 300 or more",
    "source": "ess",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, from −1 to +1",
    "value": 0.110353,
    "weights": "weight (analysis weight) within each country; each country counted once across countries"
  },
  "ess_panel_change": {
    "ci": [
      -0.06,
      0.03
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "−0.02",
    "estimand": "mean across the countries of the round 11 correlation minus the round 1 correlation (percentile bootstrap over countries)",
    "n": 48504,
    "note": "n is the number of respondents in rounds 1 and 11 together; the interval comes from a bootstrap over the 15 countries.",
    "period": "ESS rounds 1 (2002) and 11 (2023)",
    "population": "15 European countries in every ESS round",
    "source": "ess",
    "unit": "change in the correlation coefficient between ESS round 1 and round 11",
    "value": -0.0169863,
    "weights": "weight (analysis weight) within each country; each country counted once across countries"
  },
  "floor_cell": {
    "display": "100",
    "estimand": "suppression floor or setting used in the build",
    "note": "",
    "period": "all years",
    "population": "respondents (and effective respondents) needed in each attendance group of a survey year",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "count",
    "value": 100,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "floor_country": {
    "display": "300",
    "estimand": "suppression floor or setting used in the build",
    "note": "",
    "period": "all years",
    "population": "effective respondents needed for a country correlation",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "count",
    "value": 300,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "floor_reg": {
    "display": "200",
    "estimand": "suppression floor or setting used in the build",
    "note": "",
    "period": "all years",
    "population": "respondents needed for a year-by-year regression",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "count",
    "value": 200,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "gss_c_2002": {
    "ci": [
      0.11,
      0.24
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.18",
    "estimand": "weighted correlation of church attendance with self-placed ideology",
    "n": 1325,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2002",
    "population": "GSS respondents with attendance and self-placed ideology",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, from −1 to +1",
    "value": 0.175031,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "gss_c_2008": {
    "ci": [
      0.21,
      0.31
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.26",
    "estimand": "weighted correlation of church attendance with self-placed ideology",
    "n": 1926,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2008",
    "population": "GSS respondents with attendance and self-placed ideology",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, from −1 to +1",
    "value": 0.258937,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "gss_c_2018": {
    "ci": [
      0.19,
      0.29
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.24",
    "estimand": "weighted correlation of church attendance with self-placed ideology",
    "n": 2235,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2018",
    "population": "GSS respondents with attendance and self-placed ideology",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, from −1 to +1",
    "value": 0.243493,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "gss_c_2021": {
    "ci": [
      0.21,
      0.28
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.25",
    "estimand": "weighted correlation of church attendance with self-placed ideology",
    "n": 3916,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2021",
    "population": "GSS respondents with attendance and self-placed ideology",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, from −1 to +1",
    "value": 0.2459,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "gss_c_2024": {
    "ci": [
      0.25,
      0.34
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.30",
    "estimand": "weighted correlation of church attendance with self-placed ideology",
    "n": 3137,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "GSS respondents with attendance and self-placed ideology",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, from −1 to +1",
    "value": 0.297458,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "gss_c_ftf": {
    "ci": [
      0.16,
      0.27
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.22",
    "estimand": "weighted correlation of church attendance with self-placed ideology",
    "n": 2512,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2022 and 2024, pooled",
    "population": "in-person GSS respondents with attendance and self-placed ideology",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, from −1 to +1",
    "value": 0.215759,
    "weights": "weight_use, rescaled to average one within each survey year"
  },
  "gss_c_web": {
    "ci": [
      0.28,
      0.37
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.33",
    "estimand": "weighted correlation of church attendance with self-placed ideology",
    "n": 3331,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2022 and 2024, pooled",
    "population": "web GSS respondents with attendance and self-placed ideology",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, from −1 to +1",
    "value": 0.325962,
    "weights": "weight_use, rescaled to average one within each survey year"
  },
  "gss_net_1974": {
    "ci": [
      0.08,
      0.19
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.14",
    "estimand": "weighted standardized slope of ideology on attendance net of party identification",
    "n": 1344,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1974",
    "population": "GSS respondents with attendance, self-placed ideology and party identification",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "standard deviations of ideology per standard deviation of attendance (standardized slope)",
    "value": 0.135416,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "gss_net_2018": {
    "ci": [
      0.14,
      0.24
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.19",
    "estimand": "weighted standardized slope of ideology on attendance net of party identification",
    "n": 2139,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2018",
    "population": "GSS respondents with attendance, self-placed ideology and party identification",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "standard deviations of ideology per standard deviation of attendance (standardized slope)",
    "value": 0.188704,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "gss_net_2024": {
    "ci": [
      0.15,
      0.25
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.20",
    "estimand": "weighted standardized slope of ideology on attendance net of party identification",
    "n": 3039,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "GSS respondents with attendance, self-placed ideology and party identification",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "standard deviations of ideology per standard deviation of attendance (standardized slope)",
    "value": 0.197981,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "gss_raw_1974": {
    "ci": [
      0.09,
      0.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.15",
    "estimand": "weighted standardized slope of ideology on attendance",
    "n": 1344,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1974",
    "population": "GSS respondents with attendance, self-placed ideology and party identification",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "standard deviations of ideology per standard deviation of attendance (standardized slope)",
    "value": 0.146637,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "gss_raw_2008": {
    "ci": [
      0.21,
      0.31
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.26",
    "estimand": "weighted standardized slope of ideology on attendance",
    "n": 1884,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2008",
    "population": "GSS respondents with attendance, self-placed ideology and party identification",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "standard deviations of ideology per standard deviation of attendance (standardized slope)",
    "value": 0.256212,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "gss_raw_2018": {
    "ci": [
      0.2,
      0.31
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.25",
    "estimand": "weighted standardized slope of ideology on attendance",
    "n": 2139,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2018",
    "population": "GSS respondents with attendance, self-placed ideology and party identification",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "standard deviations of ideology per standard deviation of attendance (standardized slope)",
    "value": 0.252783,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "gss_raw_2024": {
    "ci": [
      0.26,
      0.37
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.32",
    "estimand": "weighted standardized slope of ideology on attendance",
    "n": 3039,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "GSS respondents with attendance, self-placed ideology and party identification",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "standard deviations of ideology per standard deviation of attendance (standardized slope)",
    "value": 0.318838,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "item_r_cult": {
    "display": "+0.32",
    "estimand": "mean pairwise weighted correlation among the five cultural items",
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972-2024",
    "population": "GSS respondents",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, from −1 to +1",
    "value": 0.322164,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "item_r_econ": {
    "display": "+0.42",
    "estimand": "mean pairwise weighted correlation among the three economic items",
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972-2024",
    "population": "GSS respondents",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, from −1 to +1",
    "value": 0.421059,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "level_ces_2008": {
    "ci": [
      45,
      50
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "47%",
    "estimand": "one minus the ratio of the slope net of party to the raw slope in one year; percentile bootstrap over respondents",
    "n": 29793,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2008",
    "population": "CES respondents with attendance, five-point ideology and party identification",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percent of the raw slope that the party control accounts for",
    "value": 47.4085,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "level_ces_2024": {
    "ci": [
      50,
      55
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "53%",
    "estimand": "one minus the ratio of the slope net of party to the raw slope in one year; percentile bootstrap over respondents",
    "n": 55195,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "CES respondents with attendance, five-point ideology and party identification",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percent of the raw slope that the party control accounts for",
    "value": 52.5891,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "level_gss_1974": {
    "ci": [
      0,
      18
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "8%",
    "estimand": "one minus the ratio of the slope net of party to the raw slope in one year; percentile bootstrap over respondents",
    "n": 1344,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1974",
    "population": "GSS respondents with attendance, self-placed ideology and party identification",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of the raw slope that the party control accounts for",
    "value": 7.65252,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "level_gss_2024": {
    "ci": [
      29,
      48
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "38%",
    "estimand": "one minus the ratio of the slope net of party to the raw slope in one year; percentile bootstrap over respondents",
    "n": 3039,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "GSS respondents with attendance, self-placed ideology and party identification",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of the raw slope that the party control accounts for",
    "value": 37.9054,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "mode_diff_raw": {
    "ci": [
      0.05,
      0.22
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.13",
    "estimand": "web slope minus in-person slope (independent samples, standard errors combined)",
    "n": 5650,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2022 and 2024, pooled",
    "population": "GSS respondents with attendance, self-placed ideology and party identification",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "standard deviations of ideology per standard deviation of attendance (standardized slope)",
    "value": 0.133527,
    "weights": "weight_use, rescaled to average one within each survey year"
  },
  "mode_ftf_raw": {
    "ci": [
      0.17,
      0.3
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.23",
    "estimand": "weighted standardized slope of ideology on attendance",
    "n": 2423,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2022 and 2024, pooled",
    "population": "in-person GSS respondents with attendance, self-placed ideology and party identification",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "standard deviations of ideology per standard deviation of attendance (standardized slope)",
    "value": 0.233442,
    "weights": "weight_use, rescaled to average one within each survey year"
  },
  "mode_web_raw": {
    "ci": [
      0.31,
      0.42
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.37",
    "estimand": "weighted standardized slope of ideology on attendance",
    "n": 3227,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2022 and 2024, pooled",
    "population": "web GSS respondents with attendance, self-placed ideology and party identification",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "standard deviations of ideology per standard deviation of attendance (standardized slope)",
    "value": 0.366969,
    "weights": "weight_use, rescaled to average one within each survey year"
  },
  "n_anes_above_zero": {
    "display": "8",
    "estimand": "count of studies in which the 95% interval of the attendance gap lies above zero",
    "note": "",
    "period": "1992-2020",
    "population": "ANES presidential-year studies from 1992 to 2020",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "count",
    "value": 8,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "n_anes_since_1992": {
    "display": "8",
    "estimand": "count of studies",
    "note": "",
    "period": "1992-2020",
    "population": "ANES presidential-year studies from 1992 to 2020",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "count",
    "value": 8,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "n_anes_zero": {
    "display": "3",
    "estimand": "count of studies in which the 95% interval of the attendance gap includes zero",
    "note": "",
    "period": "1980-1988",
    "population": "ANES presidential-year studies from 1980 to 1988",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "count",
    "value": 3,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "n_before_1992": {
    "display": "5",
    "estimand": "count of studies",
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972-1988",
    "population": "ANES presidential-year studies from 1972 to 1988",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "count",
    "value": 5,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "n_bridge": {
    "display": "36",
    "estimand": "count of countries",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2005 or later",
    "population": "countries with a usable correlation in both the WVS/EVS and the ESS",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "count",
    "value": 36,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "n_ces_chr_dev_gt_den": {
    "display": "2",
    "estimand": "count of years in which the 95% interval of the attendance gap among Protestant and Catholic voters lies wholly above that of the Catholic minus Protestant gap",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2008-2024",
    "population": "CES presidential years from 2008 to 2024, Protestant and Catholic voters only",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "count",
    "value": 2,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "n_ces_dev_gt_den": {
    "display": "5",
    "estimand": "count of years in which the 95% interval of the attendance gap lies wholly above that of the Catholic minus Protestant gap",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2008-2024",
    "population": "CES presidential years from 2008 to 2024",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "count",
    "value": 5,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "n_ces_years": {
    "display": "5",
    "estimand": "count of years",
    "note": "",
    "period": "2008-2024",
    "population": "CES presidential years from 2008 to 2024",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "count",
    "value": 5,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "n_chr_apart_den_anes": {
    "display": "0",
    "estimand": "count of studies in which the 95% interval of the attendance gap among Protestant and Catholic voters lies wholly above that of the Catholic minus Protestant gap",
    "note": "",
    "period": "1992-2020",
    "population": "ANES presidential-year studies from 1992 to 2020, Protestant and Catholic voters only",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "count",
    "value": 0,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "n_clearly_steeper": {
    "display": "2",
    "estimand": "count of countries whose 95% interval lies entirely above the United States interval",
    "note": "",
    "period": "fieldwork 2005 or later",
    "population": "countries and territories with a usable correlation",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "count",
    "value": 2,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "n_dev_apart_den": {
    "display": "3",
    "estimand": "count of studies in which the 95% interval of the attendance gap lies wholly above that of the Catholic minus Protestant gap",
    "note": "",
    "period": "1992-2020",
    "population": "ANES presidential-year studies from 1992 to 2020",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "count",
    "value": 3,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "n_dev_gt_den": {
    "display": "8",
    "estimand": "count of studies in which the attendance gap is larger than the Catholic minus Protestant gap",
    "note": "",
    "period": "1992-2020",
    "population": "ANES presidential-year studies from 1992 to 2020",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "count",
    "value": 8,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "n_dev_gt_den_early": {
    "display": "1",
    "estimand": "count of studies in which the attendance gap is larger than the Catholic minus Protestant gap",
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972-1988",
    "population": "ANES presidential-year studies from 1972 to 1988",
    "source": "anes",
    "unit": "count",
    "value": 1,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "n_ess": {
    "display": "36",
    "estimand": "count of countries",
    "note": "",
    "period": "ESS rounds 3 to 11",
    "population": "European countries in the ESS with an effective sample of 300 or more",
    "source": "ess",
    "unit": "count",
    "value": 36,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "n_europe_wvs": {
    "display": "42",
    "estimand": "count of countries",
    "note": "",
    "period": "fieldwork 2005 or later",
    "population": "European countries and territories with a usable correlation",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "count",
    "value": 42,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "n_panel": {
    "display": "15",
    "estimand": "count of countries",
    "note": "",
    "period": "ESS rounds 1 to 11",
    "population": "European countries in every ESS round from 1 to 11",
    "source": "ess",
    "unit": "count",
    "value": 15,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "n_panel_down": {
    "display": "9",
    "estimand": "count of countries whose correlation is lower in round 11 than in round 1",
    "note": "",
    "period": "ESS rounds 1 to 11",
    "population": "European countries in every ESS round from 1 to 11",
    "source": "ess",
    "unit": "count",
    "value": 9,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "n_panel_up": {
    "display": "6",
    "estimand": "count of countries whose correlation is higher in round 11 than in round 1",
    "note": "",
    "period": "ESS rounds 1 to 11",
    "population": "European countries in every ESS round from 1 to 11",
    "source": "ess",
    "unit": "count",
    "value": 6,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "n_publics": {
    "display": "104",
    "estimand": "count of countries and territories",
    "note": "",
    "period": "fieldwork 2005 or later",
    "population": "countries and territories with a left-right answer and an effective sample of 300 or more",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "count",
    "value": 104,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "n_publics_2005": {
    "display": "112",
    "estimand": "count of countries and territories",
    "note": "",
    "period": "fieldwork 2005 or later",
    "population": "countries and territories surveyed in 2005 or later",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "count",
    "value": 112,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "n_publics_file": {
    "display": "118",
    "estimand": "count of countries and territories (ten EVS labels restored from the country code)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "1981-2023",
    "population": "countries and territories in the cleaned WVS/EVS file",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "count",
    "value": 118,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "n_publics_old": {
    "display": "95",
    "estimand": "count of countries and territories",
    "note": "",
    "period": "fieldwork 2005 or later",
    "population": "countries and territories with a usable correlation, without the restored EVS countries",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "count",
    "value": 95,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "n_rest_wvs": {
    "display": "61",
    "estimand": "count of countries",
    "note": "",
    "period": "fieldwork 2005 or later",
    "population": "countries outside Europe and the United States with a usable correlation",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "count",
    "value": 61,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "n_restored": {
    "display": "9",
    "estimand": "count of countries (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Iceland, Ireland, Kosovo, Luxembourg, Malta, Portugal)",
    "note": "",
    "period": "fieldwork 2005 or later",
    "population": "restored EVS countries with a usable correlation",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "count",
    "value": 9,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "n_steeper": {
    "display": "4",
    "estimand": "count of countries whose correlation is larger than the United States value",
    "note": "",
    "period": "fieldwork 2005 or later",
    "population": "countries and territories with a usable correlation",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "count",
    "value": 4,
    "weights": "none (count)"
  },
  "pl_2002": {
    "ci": [
      0.16,
      0.25
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.20",
    "estimand": "weighted correlation of left-right with attendance",
    "n": 1750,
    "note": "",
    "period": "ESS round 1 (2002)",
    "population": "respondents in Poland with a left-right answer and an attendance answer",
    "source": "ess",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, from −1 to +1",
    "value": 0.202563,
    "weights": "weight (analysis weight) within the country"
  },
  "pl_2023": {
    "ci": [
      0.33,
      0.43
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.38",
    "estimand": "weighted correlation of left-right with attendance",
    "n": 1282,
    "note": "",
    "period": "ESS round 11 (2023)",
    "population": "respondents in Poland with a left-right answer and an attendance answer",
    "source": "ess",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, from −1 to +1",
    "value": 0.382077,
    "weights": "weight (analysis weight) within the country"
  },
  "r_cult_1975": {
    "ci": [
      0.34,
      0.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.37",
    "estimand": "weighted correlation of church attendance with the cultural conservatism",
    "n": 4196,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1975-1984",
    "population": "GSS respondents with attendance and both indices",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, from −1 to +1",
    "value": 0.371333,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "r_cult_2021": {
    "ci": [
      0.44,
      0.49
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.46",
    "estimand": "weighted correlation of church attendance with the cultural conservatism",
    "n": 6846,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2021-2024",
    "population": "GSS respondents with attendance and both indices",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, from −1 to +1",
    "value": 0.46486,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "r_cult_all": {
    "ci": [
      0.43,
      0.45
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.44",
    "estimand": "weighted correlation of church attendance with the cultural conservatism",
    "n": 38327,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1975-2024",
    "population": "GSS respondents with attendance and both indices",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, from −1 to +1",
    "value": 0.441072,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "r_econ_1975": {
    "ci": [
      0.04,
      0.11
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.07",
    "estimand": "weighted correlation of church attendance with the economic conservatism",
    "n": 4196,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1975-1984",
    "population": "GSS respondents with attendance and both indices",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, from −1 to +1",
    "value": 0.072738,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "r_econ_2021": {
    "ci": [
      0.15,
      0.22
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.18",
    "estimand": "weighted correlation of church attendance with the economic conservatism",
    "n": 6846,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2021-2024",
    "population": "GSS respondents with attendance and both indices",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, from −1 to +1",
    "value": 0.183291,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "r_econ_all": {
    "ci": [
      0.09,
      0.12
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.11",
    "estimand": "weighted correlation of church attendance with the economic conservatism",
    "n": 38327,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1975-2024",
    "population": "GSS respondents with attendance and both indices",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, from −1 to +1",
    "value": 0.105744,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "r_ideo_all": {
    "ci": [
      0.21,
      0.23
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.22",
    "estimand": "weighted correlation of church attendance with the self-placed ideology",
    "n": 55035,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1975-2024",
    "population": "GSS respondents with attendance and self-placed ideology, in the survey years in which both indices were measured",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, from −1 to +1",
    "value": 0.216679,
    "weights": "weight_use"
  },
  "rep_ces_freq_2008": {
    "ci": [
      60.3,
      62.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "61.5%",
    "estimand": "weighted share Republican",
    "n": 9264,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2008",
    "population": "CES Democratic or Republican identifiers who attend weekly or more",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percent of party identifiers (leaners included) who identify as Republican",
    "value": 61.5058,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "rep_ces_freq_2024": {
    "ci": [
      66.7,
      69.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "68.1%",
    "estimand": "weighted share Republican",
    "n": 10949,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "CES Democratic or Republican identifiers who attend weekly or more",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percent of party identifiers (leaners included) who identify as Republican",
    "value": 68.0848,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "rep_ces_gap_2008": {
    "ci": [
      25,
      28
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "26.5",
    "estimand": "weighted difference in the Republican share of party identifiers, frequent minus seldom attenders",
    "n": 24428,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2008",
    "population": "CES Democratic or Republican identifiers who attend seldom or frequently",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points, Republican share of party identifiers among frequent attenders minus seldom attenders",
    "value": 26.4686,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "rep_ces_gap_2024": {
    "ci": [
      25.7,
      29.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "27.4",
    "estimand": "weighted difference in the Republican share of party identifiers, frequent minus seldom attenders",
    "n": 45567,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "CES Democratic or Republican identifiers who attend seldom or frequently",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points, Republican share of party identifiers among frequent attenders minus seldom attenders",
    "value": 27.4132,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "rep_ces_sel_2008": {
    "ci": [
      34.1,
      35.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "35.0%",
    "estimand": "weighted share Republican",
    "n": 15164,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2008",
    "population": "CES Democratic or Republican identifiers who attend a few times a year or never",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percent of party identifiers (leaners included) who identify as Republican",
    "value": 35.0372,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "rep_ces_sel_2024": {
    "ci": [
      39.8,
      41.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "40.7%",
    "estimand": "weighted share Republican",
    "n": 34618,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "CES Democratic or Republican identifiers who attend a few times a year or never",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percent of party identifiers (leaners included) who identify as Republican",
    "value": 40.6715,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "rep_freq_change": {
    "ci": [
      12.9,
      18.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "15.9",
    "estimand": "late pooled share minus early pooled share (independent samples, standard errors combined)",
    "n": 15367,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972-1978 to 2010-2018",
    "population": "GSS Democratic or Republican identifiers who attend weekly or nearly weekly",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points, change in the Republican share of party identifiers",
    "value": 15.8638,
    "weights": "weight_use, rescaled to average one within each survey year"
  },
  "rep_freq_change24": {
    "ci": [
      19.1,
      25.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "22.4",
    "estimand": "late pooled share minus early pooled share (independent samples, standard errors combined)",
    "n": 16318,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972-1978 to 2018-2024",
    "population": "GSS Democratic or Republican identifiers who attend weekly or nearly weekly",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points, change in the Republican share of party identifiers",
    "value": 22.3709,
    "weights": "weight_use, rescaled to average one within each survey year"
  },
  "rep_freq_early": {
    "ci": [
      35.5,
      39.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "37.4%",
    "estimand": "weighted share Republican",
    "n": 3375,
    "note": "",
    "period": "GSS 1972 to 1978, pooled",
    "population": "GSS Democratic or Republican identifiers who attend weekly or nearly weekly",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of party identifiers (leaners included) who identify as Republican",
    "value": 37.3651,
    "weights": "weight_use, rescaled to average one within each survey year"
  },
  "rep_freq_late": {
    "ci": [
      50.9,
      55.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "53.2%",
    "estimand": "weighted share Republican",
    "n": 2760,
    "note": "",
    "period": "GSS 2010 to 2018, pooled (in-person surveys)",
    "population": "GSS Democratic or Republican identifiers who attend weekly or nearly weekly",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of party identifiers (leaners included) who identify as Republican",
    "value": 53.2289,
    "weights": "weight_use, rescaled to average one within each survey year"
  },
  "rep_freq_late24": {
    "ci": [
      57,
      62.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "59.7%",
    "estimand": "weighted share Republican",
    "n": 2531,
    "note": "",
    "period": "GSS 2018 to 2024, pooled (includes web interviews)",
    "population": "GSS Democratic or Republican identifiers who attend weekly or nearly weekly",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of party identifiers (leaners included) who identify as Republican",
    "value": 59.736,
    "weights": "weight_use, rescaled to average one within each survey year"
  },
  "rep_gap_early": {
    "ci": [
      2.9,
      7.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "5.3",
    "estimand": "weighted difference in the Republican share of party identifiers, frequent minus seldom attenders",
    "n": 7613,
    "note": "",
    "period": "GSS 1972 to 1978, pooled",
    "population": "GSS Democratic or Republican identifiers who attend seldom or frequently",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points, Republican share of party identifiers among frequent attenders minus seldom attenders",
    "value": 5.28392,
    "weights": "weight_use, rescaled to average one within each survey year"
  },
  "rep_gap_ftf": {
    "ci": [
      10.3,
      25.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "18.0",
    "estimand": "weighted difference in the Republican share of party identifiers, frequent minus seldom attenders",
    "n": 1723,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2022 and 2024, pooled",
    "population": "in-person GSS Democratic or Republican identifiers who attend seldom or frequently",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points, Republican share of party identifiers among frequent attenders minus seldom attenders",
    "value": 18.0363,
    "weights": "weight_use, rescaled to average one within each survey year"
  },
  "rep_gap_late": {
    "ci": [
      12.6,
      18.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "15.4",
    "estimand": "weighted difference in the Republican share of party identifiers, frequent minus seldom attenders",
    "n": 7754,
    "note": "",
    "period": "GSS 2010 to 2018, pooled (in-person surveys)",
    "population": "GSS Democratic or Republican identifiers who attend seldom or frequently",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points, Republican share of party identifiers among frequent attenders minus seldom attenders",
    "value": 15.4088,
    "weights": "weight_use, rescaled to average one within each survey year"
  },
  "rep_gap_late24": {
    "ci": [
      16.3,
      22.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "19.5",
    "estimand": "weighted difference in the Republican share of party identifiers, frequent minus seldom attenders",
    "n": 8705,
    "note": "",
    "period": "GSS 2018 to 2024, pooled (includes web interviews)",
    "population": "GSS Democratic or Republican identifiers who attend seldom or frequently",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points, Republican share of party identifiers among frequent attenders minus seldom attenders",
    "value": 19.55,
    "weights": "weight_use, rescaled to average one within each survey year"
  },
  "rep_gap_web": {
    "ci": [
      16.8,
      30.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "23.7",
    "estimand": "weighted difference in the Republican share of party identifiers, frequent minus seldom attenders",
    "n": 2175,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2022 and 2024, pooled",
    "population": "web GSS Democratic or Republican identifiers who attend seldom or frequently",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points, Republican share of party identifiers among frequent attenders minus seldom attenders",
    "value": 23.6825,
    "weights": "weight_use, rescaled to average one within each survey year"
  },
  "rep_sel_change": {
    "ci": [
      3.4,
      8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "5.7",
    "estimand": "late pooled share minus early pooled share (independent samples, standard errors combined)",
    "n": 15367,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972-1978 to 2010-2018",
    "population": "GSS Democratic or Republican identifiers who attend a few times a year or never",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points, change in the Republican share of party identifiers",
    "value": 5.73885,
    "weights": "weight_use, rescaled to average one within each survey year"
  },
  "rep_sel_change24": {
    "ci": [
      5.8,
      10.4
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "8.1",
    "estimand": "late pooled share minus early pooled share (independent samples, standard errors combined)",
    "n": 16318,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1972-1978 to 2018-2024",
    "population": "GSS Democratic or Republican identifiers who attend a few times a year or never",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percentage points, change in the Republican share of party identifiers",
    "value": 8.10489,
    "weights": "weight_use, rescaled to average one within each survey year"
  },
  "rep_sel_early": {
    "ci": [
      30.5,
      33.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "32.1%",
    "estimand": "weighted share Republican",
    "n": 4238,
    "note": "",
    "period": "GSS 1972 to 1978, pooled",
    "population": "GSS Democratic or Republican identifiers who attend a few times a year or never",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of party identifiers (leaners included) who identify as Republican",
    "value": 32.0812,
    "weights": "weight_use, rescaled to average one within each survey year"
  },
  "rep_sel_late": {
    "ci": [
      36.2,
      39.5
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "37.8%",
    "estimand": "weighted share Republican",
    "n": 4994,
    "note": "",
    "period": "GSS 2010 to 2018, pooled (in-person surveys)",
    "population": "GSS Democratic or Republican identifiers who attend a few times a year or never",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of party identifiers (leaners included) who identify as Republican",
    "value": 37.82,
    "weights": "weight_use, rescaled to average one within each survey year"
  },
  "rep_sel_late24": {
    "ci": [
      38.5,
      41.9
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "40.2%",
    "estimand": "weighted share Republican",
    "n": 6174,
    "note": "",
    "period": "GSS 2018 to 2024, pooled (includes web interviews)",
    "population": "GSS Democratic or Republican identifiers who attend a few times a year or never",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of party identifiers (leaners included) who identify as Republican",
    "value": 40.1861,
    "weights": "weight_use, rescaled to average one within each survey year"
  },
  "rise_net_in": {
    "ci": [
      0.03,
      0.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.06",
    "estimand": "rise in the standardized slope net of party; percentile bootstrap over respondents",
    "n": 17849,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1974 to 1978 and 2010 to 2018, pooled",
    "population": "GSS respondents with attendance, self-placed ideology and party identification",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "change in the standardized slope",
    "value": 0.0603653,
    "weights": "weight_use, rescaled to average one within each survey year"
  },
  "rise_raw_in": {
    "ci": [
      0.08,
      0.15
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "0.11",
    "estimand": "rise in the raw standardized slope; percentile bootstrap over respondents",
    "n": 17849,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1974 to 1978 and 2010 to 2018, pooled",
    "population": "GSS respondents with attendance, self-placed ideology and party identification",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "change in the standardized slope",
    "value": 0.112426,
    "weights": "weight_use, rescaled to average one within each survey year"
  },
  "share_1974_2018": {
    "ci": [
      20,
      163
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "50%",
    "estimand": "one minus the ratio of the rise in the slope net of party to the rise in the raw slope; percentile bootstrap over respondents",
    "n": 3483,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1974 and 2018 alone (2018 is the last survey before the web mode)",
    "population": "GSS respondents with attendance, self-placed ideology and party identification",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of the rise in the raw slope that the party control accounts for",
    "value": 49.7969,
    "weights": "weight_use, rescaled to average one within each survey year"
  },
  "share_1974_2024": {
    "ci": [
      41,
      112
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "64%",
    "estimand": "one minus the ratio of the rise in the slope net of party to the rise in the raw slope; percentile bootstrap over respondents",
    "n": 4383,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1974 and 2024 alone (2024 includes web interviews)",
    "population": "GSS respondents with attendance, self-placed ideology and party identification",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of the rise in the raw slope that the party control accounts for",
    "value": 63.6672,
    "weights": "weight_use, rescaled to average one within each survey year"
  },
  "share_in": {
    "ci": [
      33,
      67
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "46%",
    "estimand": "one minus the ratio of the rise in the slope net of party to the rise in the raw slope; percentile bootstrap over respondents",
    "n": 17849,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1974 to 1978 and 2010 to 2018, pooled",
    "population": "GSS respondents with attendance, self-placed ideology and party identification",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of the rise in the raw slope that the party control accounts for",
    "value": 46.3066,
    "weights": "weight_use, rescaled to average one within each survey year"
  },
  "share_in7": {
    "ci": [
      37,
      74
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "52%",
    "estimand": "one minus the ratio of the rise in the slope net of party to the rise in the raw slope; percentile bootstrap over respondents",
    "n": 17849,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1974 to 1978 and 2010 to 2018, seven party categories",
    "population": "GSS respondents with attendance, self-placed ideology and party identification",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of the rise in the raw slope that the party control accounts for",
    "value": 51.6548,
    "weights": "weight_use, rescaled to average one within each survey year"
  },
  "share_in_hi": {
    "display": "67%",
    "estimand": "one minus the ratio of the rise in the slope net of party to the rise in the raw slope; percentile bootstrap over respondents",
    "n": 17849,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1974 to 1978 and 2010 to 2018, pooled",
    "population": "GSS respondents with attendance, self-placed ideology and party identification",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of the rise in the raw slope that the party control accounts for, upper end of the 95% interval",
    "value": 66.5043,
    "weights": "weight_use, rescaled to average one within each survey year"
  },
  "share_in_lo": {
    "display": "33%",
    "estimand": "one minus the ratio of the rise in the slope net of party to the rise in the raw slope; percentile bootstrap over respondents",
    "n": 17849,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1974 to 1978 and 2010 to 2018, pooled",
    "population": "GSS respondents with attendance, self-placed ideology and party identification",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of the rise in the raw slope that the party control accounts for, lower end of the 95% interval",
    "value": 33.2811,
    "weights": "weight_use, rescaled to average one within each survey year"
  },
  "share_in_psu": {
    "ci": [
      33,
      66
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "46%",
    "estimand": "same share as the main specification; percentile bootstrap over primary sampling units (respondents in 1974 stand alone, since the design variables start in 1975)",
    "n": 17849,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1974 to 1978 and 2010 to 2018, pooled",
    "population": "GSS respondents with attendance, self-placed ideology and party identification",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of the rise in the raw slope that the party control accounts for",
    "value": 46.3066,
    "weights": "weight_use, rescaled to average one within each survey year"
  },
  "share_in_psu_hi": {
    "display": "66%",
    "estimand": "same share as the main specification; percentile bootstrap over primary sampling units",
    "n": 17849,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1974 to 1978 and 2010 to 2018, pooled",
    "population": "GSS respondents with attendance, self-placed ideology and party identification",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of the rise in the raw slope that the party control accounts for, upper end of the 95% interval from the bootstrap over primary sampling units",
    "value": 65.687,
    "weights": "weight_use, rescaled to average one within each survey year"
  },
  "share_in_psu_lo": {
    "display": "33%",
    "estimand": "same share as the main specification; percentile bootstrap over primary sampling units",
    "n": 17849,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1974 to 1978 and 2010 to 2018, pooled",
    "population": "GSS respondents with attendance, self-placed ideology and party identification",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of the rise in the raw slope that the party control accounts for, lower end of the 95% interval from the bootstrap over primary sampling units",
    "value": 33.4461,
    "weights": "weight_use, rescaled to average one within each survey year"
  },
  "share_web": {
    "ci": [
      49,
      82
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "63%",
    "estimand": "one minus the ratio of the rise in the slope net of party to the rise in the raw slope; percentile bootstrap over respondents",
    "n": 19215,
    "note": "",
    "period": "1974 to 1978 and 2018 to 2024, pooled (includes web interviews)",
    "population": "GSS respondents with attendance, self-placed ideology and party identification",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "percent of the rise in the raw slope that the party control accounts for",
    "value": 62.7964,
    "weights": "weight_use, rescaled to average one within each survey year"
  },
  "unaff_dem_2024": {
    "ci": [
      69.7,
      72.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "70.9%",
    "estimand": "weighted share voting Democratic",
    "n": 14311,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "unaffiliated CES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican presidential candidate",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percent of two-party presidential voters who voted Democratic",
    "value": 70.9329,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "unaff_in_seldom_2008": {
    "ci": [
      33.2,
      35.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "34.2%",
    "estimand": "weighted share unaffiliated",
    "n": 13123,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2008",
    "population": "CES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican presidential candidate and attend a few times a year or never",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percent of seldom-attending voters who are unaffiliated",
    "value": 34.1903,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "unaff_in_seldom_2024": {
    "ci": [
      43.9,
      45.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "44.8%",
    "estimand": "weighted share unaffiliated",
    "n": 29631,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "CES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican presidential candidate and attend a few times a year or never",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percent of seldom-attending voters who are unaffiliated",
    "value": 44.8213,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "unaff_prot_2008": {
    "ci": [
      34.7,
      38.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "36.7",
    "estimand": "weighted difference in the Democratic share of the two-party vote, unaffiliated minus Protestants",
    "n": 13283,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2008",
    "population": "CES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican presidential candidate and are unaffiliated or Protestant",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote among the unaffiliated minus Protestants",
    "value": 36.6652,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "unaff_prot_2024": {
    "ci": [
      36.3,
      39.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "38.0",
    "estimand": "weighted difference in the Democratic share of the two-party vote, unaffiliated minus Protestants",
    "n": 28512,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "CES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican presidential candidate and are unaffiliated or Protestant",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote among the unaffiliated minus Protestants",
    "value": 38.024,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "unaff_seldom_share": {
    "ci": [
      95,
      96
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "96%",
    "estimand": "weighted share attending seldom",
    "n": 14224,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "unaffiliated CES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican presidential candidate and answered the attendance question",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percent of unaffiliated voters who attend a few times a year or never",
    "value": 95.7571,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "us_gss": {
    "ci": [
      0.23,
      0.26
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.25",
    "estimand": "weighted correlation of church attendance with self-placed ideology",
    "n": 27953,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2006-2024",
    "population": "GSS respondents with attendance and self-placed ideology",
    "source": "gss",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, from −1 to +1",
    "value": 0.249051,
    "weights": "weight_use, rescaled to average one within each survey year"
  },
  "us_wvs": {
    "ci": [
      0.25,
      0.31
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.28",
    "estimand": "weighted correlation of left-right self-placement with the importance of God",
    "n": 5858,
    "note": "",
    "period": "fieldwork 2006, 2011 and 2017",
    "population": "WVS/EVS respondents in the United States with a left-right answer",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, from −1 to +1",
    "value": 0.283651,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within the country"
  },
  "within_cath_2008": {
    "ci": [
      14.7,
      21.6
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "18.1",
    "estimand": "weighted difference in the Democratic share of the two-party vote, seldom minus frequent attenders, inside one tradition",
    "n": 4514,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2008",
    "population": "Catholic CES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican presidential candidate and attend seldom or frequently",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote among seldom attenders minus frequent attenders",
    "value": 18.1295,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "within_cath_2024": {
    "ci": [
      6.6,
      14.2
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "10.4",
    "estimand": "weighted difference in the Democratic share of the two-party vote, seldom minus frequent attenders, inside one tradition",
    "n": 7220,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "Catholic CES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican presidential candidate and attend seldom or frequently",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote among seldom attenders minus frequent attenders",
    "value": 10.4041,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "within_none_2020": {
    "ci": [
      7.5,
      21
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "14.3",
    "estimand": "weighted difference in the Democratic share of the two-party vote, seldom minus frequent attenders, among the unaffiliated",
    "n": 14465,
    "note": "n counts the seldom and the frequent group together. The frequent group is the limiting cell, with 369 respondents and an effective sample of 208.",
    "period": "2020",
    "population": "unaffiliated CES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican presidential candidate and attend seldom or frequently",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote among seldom attenders minus frequent attenders",
    "value": 14.2847,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "within_prot_2008": {
    "ci": [
      14.7,
      19.7
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "17.2",
    "estimand": "weighted difference in the Democratic share of the two-party vote, seldom minus frequent attenders, inside one tradition",
    "n": 7687,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2008",
    "population": "Protestant CES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican presidential candidate and attend seldom or frequently",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote among seldom attenders minus frequent attenders",
    "value": 17.2127,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "within_prot_2024": {
    "ci": [
      10.1,
      14.8
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "12.5",
    "estimand": "weighted difference in the Democratic share of the two-party vote, seldom minus frequent attenders, inside one tradition",
    "n": 12760,
    "note": "",
    "period": "2024",
    "population": "Protestant CES respondents who reported voting for the Democratic or Republican presidential candidate and attend seldom or frequently",
    "source": "ces",
    "unit": "percentage points, Democratic share of the two-party presidential vote among seldom attenders minus frequent attenders",
    "value": 12.45,
    "weights": "weight_cumulative"
  },
  "wvs_all_mean": {
    "ci": [
      0.09,
      0.12
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.10",
    "estimand": "mean across countries of the within-country correlation of left-right with the importance of God (percentile bootstrap over countries)",
    "n": 104,
    "note": "",
    "period": "fieldwork 2005 or later",
    "population": "countries and territories in the WVS/EVS with a usable correlation",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, from −1 to +1",
    "value": 0.102364,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within each country; each country counted once across countries"
  },
  "wvs_all_mean_old": {
    "ci": [
      0.08,
      0.12
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.10",
    "estimand": "mean across countries of the within-country correlation of left-right with the importance of God (percentile bootstrap over countries)",
    "n": 95,
    "note": "",
    "period": "fieldwork 2005 or later",
    "population": "countries and territories in the WVS/EVS with a usable correlation, without the restored EVS countries",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, from −1 to +1",
    "value": 0.100521,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within each country; each country counted once across countries"
  },
  "wvs_europe_mean": {
    "ci": [
      0.1,
      0.16
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.13",
    "estimand": "mean across countries of the within-country correlation of left-right with the importance of God (percentile bootstrap over countries)",
    "n": 42,
    "note": "",
    "period": "fieldwork 2005 or later",
    "population": "European countries in the WVS/EVS with a usable correlation",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, from −1 to +1",
    "value": 0.132156,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within each country; each country counted once across countries"
  },
  "wvs_rest_mean": {
    "ci": [
      0.06,
      0.1
    ],
    "ciLevel": 0.95,
    "display": "+0.08",
    "estimand": "mean across countries of the within-country correlation of left-right with the importance of God (percentile bootstrap over countries)",
    "n": 61,
    "note": "",
    "period": "fieldwork 2005 or later",
    "population": "countries outside Europe and the United States in the WVS/EVS with a usable correlation",
    "source": "wvs",
    "unit": "correlation coefficient, from −1 to +1",
    "value": 0.0788792,
    "weights": "weight (S017) within each country; each country counted once across countries"
  }
}